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10.2 Symmetry
To determine and drawing the line(s) of
symmetry of shape
1. A shape has symmetry if one half of the shape can fit
exactly over the other half.
2. A shape can have one or more linens of symmetry.
10.3 Triangles
Geometric properties and name of triangles
1. A triangle is a three-sided polygon.
2. A triangle is classified based on:
a) The length of its sides (Figure 7)
b) The size of its angles (Figure 8&9)
10.4 Quadrilaterals
To determine and drawing the line(s) of symmetry of quadrilateral
1. A quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 straight sides and 4 vertices.
2. Example of quadrilateral and their symmetry. Table 1
Quadrilaterals Symmetry of quadrilaterals (diagram) Number of line(s) of symmetry
Square 4
Rectangle 2
Parallelogram 0
Rhombus 2
Trapezium 1
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Trapezium 0
Kite 1
Square
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Rhombus
Trapezium
Kite
Form 3 - Chapter 2 – Polygons II
2.1 Regular Polygon
1- A regular polygon has all sides of equal length and all interior angles of equal size.
2- The number of ________________ of a regular polygon is the same as its _________.
Name of Diagram of Number of
Polygons Polygons Sides Angles Vertices Symmetries Diagonals
Triangle 3 3
Quadrilateral 4 4
Pentagon 5 5
Hexagon 6 6
Heptagon 7 7
Octagon 8 8
Nonagon 9 9
Decagon 10 10
Table 3
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Polygons
- A polygon is a plane shape with straight sides.
- Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes.
- They are made of straight lines, has no curve and the shape is closed (all the lines connect up).
Regular Irregular
Concave or Convex
A convex polygon has no angles pointing inwards, no internal angle can be more than 180°.
If any internal angle is greater than 180° then the polygon is concave.
Convex Concave
Simple or Complex
A simple polygon has only one boundary and it doesn't cross over itself.
A complex polygon intersects itself. Many rules about polygons don't work when it is complex.
More Examples
7- Example 2: A polygon has a n sides. Given one of its interior angles is 126o while
other interior angles are each equal to 162o. Calculate the number of sides of the polygon.
Answer Space:
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Pentagon
Exercise 1:
The diagram shows a pentagon.
What is the size of the angle x°?
A 115°
B 200°
C 235°
D 245°
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Exterior Angles – An angle between any side of a shape
– A line extended from the next side.
- The Exterior Angles of a Polygon add up to 360°
When we add up the Interior Angle and Exterior Angle we get
a straight line 180°. They are Supplementary Angles.
Exercise 2:
The exterior angles of a heptagon are y°, 2y°, 3y°, 3y°, 4y°, 5y°
and 6y°
What is the value of y?
A y = 10 C y = 12.86
B y = 12 D y = 15
Exercise 3:
The exterior angles of an octagon are x°, 2x°, 3x°, 4x°, 5x°, 6x°, 7x°, and 8x°
What is the size of the smallest interior angle of this octagon?
A 10° C 80°
B 45° D 100°
External Knowledge: - (for polygons)
Sides Names Each Interior Angle Each External Angle
1 Monogon Henagon - -
2 Digon - -
3 Trigon Triangle 60°
4 Tetragon Quadrilateral 90°
5 Pentagon 108°
6 Hexagon 120°
7 Heptagon Septagon 128.571°
8 Octagon 135°
9 Nonagon Enneagon 140°
10 Decagon 144°
11 Hendecagon Undecagon 147.273°
12 Decagon Dodecagon 150°
13 Trisdecagon Tridecagon 152.308°
14 Tetradecagon 154.286°
15 Pentadecagon Pentedecagon 156°
16 Hexadecagon Hexdecagon 157.5°
17 Heptadecagon 158.824°
18 Octadecagon 160°
19 Enneadecagon 161.053°
20 Icosagon 162°
External Knowledge: - (for complex polygons/star polygons -gram)
Regular pentagram Regular hexagram
Internal angle (degrees) 36° Internal angle (degrees) 60°
External angle (degrees) ___° External angle (degrees) ___ °
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Activity 1:
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Activity 2:
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