New Scroll - Introducción

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Producto: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO

Modelo: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO
Configuración: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO
Operación de Sistemas
943 & 953 TRACK-TYPE LOADERS
Número de medio -SENR2077-02 Fecha de publicación -01/07/1983 Fecha de actualización -11/10/2001
New Scroll Fuel System Systems Operation
Fuel Flow
FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

1. Fuel tank. 2. Fuel return line. 3. Fuel injection nozzle. 4. Fuel injection line. 5. Fuel injection pump. 6. Primary fuel filter. 7.
Fuel transfer pump. 8. Secondary fuel filter. 9. Constant bleed valve. 10. Fuel injection pump housing.
Fuel is pulled from fuel tank (1) through primary fuel filter (6) by fuel transfer pump (7). From the fuel
transfer pump the fuel is pushed through secondary fuel filter (8) and to the fuel manifold in fuel injection
pump housing (10). A bypass valve in the fuel transfer pump keeps the fuel pressure in the system at 140 to
280 kPa (20 to 40 psi). Constant bleed valve (9) lets a constant flow of fuel go through fuel return line (2)
back to fuel tank (1). The constant bleed valve returns approximately 34 liters (9 gal.) per hour of fuel and
air to the fuel tank. This helps keep the fuel cool and free of air.
https://sis.cat.com/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/s... 06/03/2013
Fuel injection pump (5) gets fuel from the fuel manifold and pushes fuel at very high pressure through fuel
line (4) to fuel injection nozzle (3). The fuel injection nozzle has very small holes in the tip that change the
flow of fuel to a very fine spray that gives good fuel combustion in the cylinder.
Fuel Injection Pump

The fuel injection pump increases the pressure of the fuel and sends an exact amount of fuel to the fuel
injection nozzle. There is one fuel injection pump for each cylinder in the engine.
The fuel injection pump is moved by cam (14) of the fuel pump camshaft. When the camshaft turns, the cam
raises lifter (11) and pump plunger (6) to the top of the stroke. The pump plunger always makes a full
stroke. As the camshaft turns farther, spring (8) returns the pump plunger and lifter to the bottom of the
stroke.
When the pump plunger is at the bottom of the stroke, fuel at transfer pump pressure goes into inlet passage
(2), around pump barrel (4) and to bypass closed port (5). Fuel fills the area above the pump plunger.
After the pump plunger begins the up stroke, fuel will be pushed out the bypass closed port until the top of
the pump plunger closes the port. As the pump plunger travels farther up, the pressure of the fuel increases.
At approximately 690 kPa (100 psi), check valve (1) opens and lets fuel flow into the fuel injection line to
the fuel injection nozzle. When the pump plunger travels farther up, scroll (9) uncovers spill port (10). The
fuel above the pump plunger goes through slot (7), along the edge of scroll (9) and out spill port (10) back to
fuel manifold (3). This is the end of the injection stroke. The pump plunger can have more travel up, but no
more fuel will be sent to the fuel injection nozzle.
FUEL INJECTION PUMP

1. Check valve. 2. Inlet passage. 3. Fuel manifold. 4. Pump barrel. 5. Bypass closed port. 6. Pump plunger. 7. Slot. 8. Spring. 9.
Scroll. 10. Spill port. 11. Lifter. 12. Fuel rack. 13. Gear. 14. Cam.
When the pump plunger travels down and uncovers bypass closed port (5), fuel begins to fill the area above
the pump plunger again, and the pump is ready to begin another stroke.
The amount of fuel the injection pump sends to the injection nozzle is changed by the rotation of the pump
plunger. Gear (13) is attached to the pump plunger and is in mesh with fuel rack (12). The governor moves
the fuel rack according to the fuel needs of the engine. When the governor moves the fuel rack, and the fuel
rack turns the pump plunger, scroll (9) changes the distance the pump plunger pushes fuel between bypass
closed port (5) and spill port (10) opening. The longer the distance from the top of the pump plunger to the
point where scroll (9) uncovers spill port (10), the more fuel will be injected.
To stop the engine, the pump plunger is rotated so that slot (7) on the pump plunger is in line with spill port
(10). The fuel will now go out the spill port and not to the injection nozzle.
Fuel Injection Nozzle

The fuel injection nozzle goes through the cylinder head into the combustion chamber. The fuel injection
pump sends fuel with high pressure to the fuel injection nozzle where the fuel is made into a fine spray for
good combustion.
FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE

1. Carbon dam. 2. Seal. 3. Spring. 4. Passage. 5. Inlet passage. 6. Orifice. 7. Valve. 8. Diameter.
Seal (2) goes against the cylinder head and prevents leakage of compression from the cylinder. Carbon dam
(1) keeps carbon out of the bore in the cylinder head for the nozzle.
Fuel with high pressure from the fuel injection pump goes into inlet passage (5). Fuel then goes into passage
(4) to the area below diameter (8) of valve (7). When the pressure of the fuel that pushes against diameter
(8) becomes greater than the force of spring (3), valve (7) lifts up. When valve (7) lifts, the tip of the valve
comes off of the nozzle seat and the fuel will go through the four 0.31 mm (.012 in.) orifices (6) into the
combustion chamber.
The injection of fuel continues until the pressure of fuel against diameter (8) becomes less than the force of
spring (3). With less pressure against diameter (8), spring (3) pushes valve (7) against the nozzle seat and
stops the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber.
Fuel Transfer Pump

The fuel transfer pump is a single piston pump that is moved by a cam lobe on the camshaft for the fuel
injection pump.
When the camshaft turns, the cam lobe moves tappet (1) into the pump body. The tappet pushes piston (3)
against the force of pumping spring (6). Outlet check valve (2) closes and inlet check valve (4) in the piston
opens. Fuel in fuel inlet chamber (5) flows through the inlet check valve to the outlet side of the piston.
As the camshaft continues to turn, the cam lobe lets the tappet move out of the pump body. Pumping spring
(6) pushes piston (3) towards the tappet. Inlet check valve (4) in the piston closes and outlet check valve (2)
opens. The force of the pumping spring pushes fuel through the outlet check valve and into the fuel system.
The force of pumping spring (6) limits the pressure of the fuel in the system so that a bypass valve is not
needed.
FUEL TRANSFER PUMP

1. Tappet. 2. Outlet check valve. 3. Piston. 4. Inlet check valve. 5. Fuel inlet chamber. 6. Pumping spring.
Governor
The governor controls the amount of fuel needed by the engine to maintain a desired rpm.
The governor flyweights (8) are driven directly by the fuel pump camshaft. Riser (10) is moved by
flyweights (8) and governor spring (1). Lever (7) connects the riser with sleeve (2) which is fastened to
valve (3). Valve (3) is a part of governor servo (5) and moves piston (4) and fuel rack (6). The fuel rack
moves toward the front of the fuel pump housing (to the right in the illustration) when moved in the FUEL
OFF direction.
GOVERNOR
1. Governor spring. 2. Sleeve. 3. Valve. 4. Piston. 5. Governor servo. 6. Fuel rack. 7. Lever. 8. Flyweights. 9. Over fueling spring.
10. Riser. 11. Spring seat. 12. Stop bolt. 13. Torque spring. 14. Power setting screw. 15. Torque rise setting screw. 16. Stop collar.
17. Stop bar.
The force of governor spring (1) always pushes to give more fuel to the engine. The centrifugal (rotating)
force of flyweights (8) always push to get a reduction of fuel to the engine. When these two forces are in
balance (equal), the engine runs at a constant rpm.
When the engine is started and the governor is at the low idle position, over fueling spring (9) moves the
riser forward and gives an extra amount of fuel to the engine. When the engine has started and begins to run,
the flyweight force becomes greater than the force of the over fueling spring. The riser moves to the rear and
reduces the amount of fuel to the low idle requirement of the engine.
When the governor control lever is moved to the high idle position, governor spring (1) is put in
compression and pushes riser (10) toward the flyweights. When the riser moves forward, lever (7) moves
sleeve (2) and valve (3) toward the rear. Valve (3) stops oil flow through governor servo (5) and the oil
pressure moves piston (4) and the fuel rack to the rear. This increases the amount of fuel to the engine. As
engine speed increases, the flyweight force increases and moves the riser toward the governor spring. When
the riser moves to the rear, lever (7) moves sleeve (2) and valve (3) forward. Valve (3) now directs oil
pressure to the rear of piston (4) and moves the piston and fuel rack forward. This decreases the amount of
fuel to the engine.
When the flyweight force and the governor spring force become equal, the engine speed is constant and the
engine runs at high idle rpm. High idle rpm is adjusted by the high idle adjustment screw. The adjustment
screw limits the amount of compression of the governor spring.
With the engine at high idle, when the load is increased, engine speed will decrease. Flyweights (8) move in
and governor spring (1) pushes riser (10) forward and increases the amount of fuel to the engine. As the load
is increased more, governor spring (1) pushes riser (10) farther forward. Spring seat (11) pulls on stop bolt
(12). Stop collar (16) on the opposite end has power setting screw (14) and torque rise setting screw (15)
that control the maximum amount of fuel rack travel. The power setting screw moves forward and makes
contact with torque spring (13). This is the set point (balance point). If more load is added to the engine,
engine speed will decrease and push riser (10) forward more. This will cause power setting screw (14) to
bend (deflect) torque spring (13) until torque rise setting screw (15) makes contact with stop bar (17). This is
the point of maximum fuel to the engine.
Governor Servo
The governor servo gives hydraulic assistance to the mechanical governor force to move the fuel rack. The
governor servo has cylinder (3), cylinder sleeve (4), piston (2) and valve (1).
GOVERNOR SERVO (Fuel on position)

1. Valve. 2. Piston. 3. Cylinder. 4. Cylinder sleeve. 5. Fuel rack. A. Oil inlet. B. Oil outlet. C. Oil passage. D. Oil passage.
When the governor moves in the FUEL ON direction, valve (1) moves to the left. The valve opens oil outlet
(B) and closes oil passage (D). Pressure oil from oil inlet (A) pushes piston (2) and fuel rack (5) to the left.
Oil behind the piston goes through oil passage (C), along valve (1) and out oil outlet (B).
GOVERNOR SERVO (Balanced position)

When the governor spring and flyweight forces are balanced and the engine speed is constant, valve (1)
stops moving. Pressure oil from oil inlet (A) pushes piston (2) until oil passages (C and D) are opened. Oil
now flows through oil passage (D) along valve (1) and out through oil outlet (B). With no oil pressure on the
piston, the piston and fuel rack (5) stop moving.
GOVERNOR SERVO (Fuel Off Position)

When the governor moves in the FUEL OFF direction, valve (1) moves to the right. The valve closes oil
outlet (B) and opens oil passage (D). Pressure oil from oil inlet (A) is now on both sides of piston (2). The
area of the piston is greater on the left side than on the right side of the piston. The force of the oil is also
greater on the left side of the piston and moves the piston and fuel rack (5) to the right.
Dashpot
The dashpot helps give the governor better speed control when there are sudden speed and load changes.
The dashpot has cylinder (1), piston (2), dashpot spring (3), needle valve (5) and check valve (6). Piston (2)
and spring seat (4) are fastened to dashpot spring (3).
DASHPOT (Governor Moving to Fuel On)

1. Cylinder. 2. Piston. 3. Dashpot spring. 4. Spring seat. 5. Needle valve. 6. Check valve. 7. Oil reservoir.
When the governor moves toward FUEL ON, spring seat (4) and piston (2) move to the right. This
movement pulls oil from oil reservoir (7) through check valve (6) and into cylinder (1).
DASHPOT (Governor Moving to Fuel Off)

1. Cylinder. 2. Piston. 3. Dashpot spring. 4. Spring seat. 5. Needle valve. 6. Check valve. 7. Oil reservoir.
When the governor moves toward FUEL OFF, spring seat (4) and piston (2) move to the left. This
movement pushes oil out of cylinder (1), through needle valve (5) and into oil reservoir (7).
If the governor movement is slow, the oil gives no restriction to the movement of the piston and spring seat.
If the governor movement is fast in the FUEL OFF direction, the needle valve gives a restriction to the oil
and the piston and spring seat will move slowly.
Oil Flow For Fuel Pump And Governor

Oil from the side of the cylinder block goes to support (9) and into the bottom of front governor housing (4).
The flow of oil now goes in three different directions.
A part of the oil goes to the rear camshaft bearing in fuel pump housing (5). The bearing has a groove
around the inside diameter. Oil goes through the groove and into the oil passage in the bearing surface
(journal) of camshaft (7). A drilled passage through the center of the camshaft gives oil to the front camshaft
bearing and to the thrust face of the camshaft drive gear. Drain hole (6) in the front of fuel pump housing (5)
keeps the level of the oil in the housing even with the center of the camshaft. The oil returns to the oil pan
through the timing gear housing.
Oil also goes from the bottom of the front governor housing through a passage to the fuel pump housing and
to governor servo (2). The governor servo gives hydraulic assistance to move the fuel rack.
The remainder of the oil goes through passages to the rear of rear governor housing (3), through cover (1)
and back into another passage in the rear governor housing. Now the oil goes into the compartment for the
governor controls. Drain hole (8) keeps the oil at the correct level. The oil in this compartment is used for
lubrication of the governor control components and the oil is the supply for the dashpot.
The internal parts of the governor are lubricated by oil leakage from the servo and the oil is thrown by parts
in rotation. The flyweight carrier thrust bearing gets oil from the passage at the rear of the camshaft.
Oil from the governor returns to the oil pan through a hole in the bottom of the front governor housing and
through passages in the support and cylinder block.
FUEL PUMP AND GOVERNOR

1. Cover. 2. Servo. 3. Rear governor housing. 4. Front governor housing. 5. Fuel pump housing. 6. Drain hole. 7. Camshaft. 8.
Drain hole. 9. Support.
Copyright 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Wed Mar 6 13:30:12 EST 2013
Todos los derechos reservados.
Red privada para licenciados del SIS.

New Scroll - Introducción

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Búsqueda del medio - SENR2077 - 943 & 953 TRACK-TYPE LOADERS Página 1 de 9

Producto: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO

New Scroll Fuel System Systems Operation

FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

Fuel Injection Pump

FUEL INJECTION PUMP

Fuel Injection Nozzle

FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE

Fuel Transfer Pump

FUEL TRANSFER PUMP

GOVERNOR SERVO (Fuel on position)

GOVERNOR SERVO (Balanced position)

GOVERNOR SERVO (Fuel Off Position)

DASHPOT (Governor Moving to Fuel On)

DASHPOT (Governor Moving to Fuel Off)

Oil Flow For Fuel Pump And Governor

FUEL PUMP AND GOVERNOR

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