F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L F E D E R A L H O T E L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L G E N E R A L H O S P I T A L C O M P A R I S O N R E F E R E N C E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E N A T I O N A L M O S Q U E

ORIENTATION Spatial Hierarchy Axis and Symmetry NATURAL LIGHTING Unit to whole Orientation Addition Structure REPETITION Symmetry and ORIENTATION SPATIAL HIERARCHY () NATURAL VENTILATION SYMMETRY PLAN TO ELEVATION
The longest facades of the building The public spaces are all located Based on the roof plan, the Structural support such as The hotel comprises of units with The position of the building is General Hospital Kuala Lumpur Columns are arranged closely to Being Influenced by the Balance The mosque is oriented facing the This is determined by the Patterned screen wall of islamic geometry is used to allow natural ventilation to With reference from the plan and This highlights the inverse

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BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY are facing northeast and southwest below the mezzanine floor whereas balanced distributed form of the overhang is commonly embedded similar geometrical shapes which oriented from south to north and is carries most of its main form in the provide structural supports to the Modernism architecture, the COMPARISON WITH MODERNISM Qibla resulting it’s position to be at functionality and the order of occur. An open veranda overspill area is provided on three sides of the main prayer elevation, the interior spaces relationship of the plan
Federal Hotel is located in the heart of where the neighbour high-rise
PRIVATE
the semi-private spaces are located hotel is symmetrical along an axis into the external wall for most are squares and rectangles GENERAL HOSPITAL KUALA LUMPUR where most of the opening is placed main building which is the building. In Modernism design, recessed windows and deep The overall of the building is
REFERENCE NATIONAL MOSQUE 45 degrees of the North South importance of each spaces, hall connected with a double volume courtyard on the south side of the prayer hall establishes a biaxial symmetrical configuration to the vertical
Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Bintang, within building shades it from the direct
SEMI- PRIVATE
at that floor and going all the way extended from the northwest to the modernist buildings. It is for corresponding to the use of spaces. on the building. The openings are elongated cuboidal shape. The strong linear elements such as bold overhangs are applied in the symmetrical along an axis extended ARCHITECTURE direction. In the morning, the two subdivided into primary and does not only hold additional people during prayers but to provide cross layout as there are equivalent elevation of the National Mosque.
the Golden Triangle which is an sunlight. Moreover, users are able PUBLIC up are the private hotel rooms. The southeast direction. The bilateral ribbon window installation so that The buildings are arranged and facing away from the direct sun and main part of the building could be horizontal and vertical features are building and the regular from north to south. It shows two
Oppermann, M., Din, K. H., & Amri, S. Z. (1996). Urban KUALA LUMPUR facade facing the East direction secondary spaces. The primary ventilation on the daily. On a still day, the veranda spaces acts as a funnel for the elements on opposite sides of the The main building of the mosque is

CONTENT
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
It was influenced by modernist style in
the late 19th century to early 20th
century. It is a combination of
iI international modernist style and local
traditional architecture together due to
Malaysia tropical climate. The most
significant local architecture feature is
the Malay traditional pitched roof
which can be seen at the mezzanine
floor. However, the interior of the hotel
is mostly decorated with Chinese
iII ornamentations.
designed by
Dato’ Lee Yoon Thim
i iI iII
As modernism architecture takes the place of Brutalist architecture in
attractive tourist spot. There is to enjoy a panoramic view from the public spaces occupy the largest symmetrical axis acts as a regulating more light can penetrate through aligned horizontally and vertically incorporate recessed window seen as the centre of the whole being emphasize in the building. arrangement shows repetition. The aesthetically equal halves,
Hotel Location and Evolution in a Developing Country The designed by would receive indirect morning space is the Prayer hall which is the cold air to diffuse in, pushing out the hot air through the openings at the top of the median axis which intersects in the larger on plan which appears to
convenient access to public transport as pool area to the northwest volume and is followed by device which generate the but it is inadequate for Malaysia to be seen totally as a whole unit. shading style which are influenced structure and the element of Beams, posts, windows, staircases, louvered windows which are separating the main building into the early 20th century, it also borrowed a few characteristics from
Brutalist architecture which acquired its name from a French phrase Case of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Tourism Recreation Research, The national mosque was built from 1963 until
Dato’ Dr Ikmal Hisham Albakri
DESIGN CONCEPT sunlight. In the evening, the two largest space holding the most double volume courtyard creating a cycle of air flow. centre of the Main Prayer hall. This have a smaller representation on
direction as the buildings semi-private spaces, then private dominating and proportionate local climate. The overhangs on the Units overlapping at the bottom by the Brutalist architectural style. addition is visible through the two roof lines are used to create a arranged in repetition form create a east wing and west wing, creating a 1965. It stands in the heart of Kuala Lumpur facade facing the West direction importance. Surrounding it are is shown firstly, when an axis cuts the elevation of the mosque. On
well. The main entrance is facing Jalan “beton brut” which translates into “rough concrete” shows in the 21(1), 55-63. Refreshed by the international
sense of balance and symmtery to Dato’ Dr. Ar. Hj. Baharuddin
Bukit Bintang, a happening street with surrounding it are mostly low-rise. spaces. However, one of the outlook of the hotel. In addition, façade provide solar shading to and separated are less than a whole This has minimized the amount of office buildings and the entrance linear-inspired space. rectilinear frame on the facade to commemorating Malaysia’s Independence, principles of modern design, it would receive indirect evening multiple smaller secondary spaces across from veranda right through the contrary, the minaret which
designed by the building. buildings it influences by having exposed raw concrete facades. Howard Ashley
a one way narrow lane in front for drop It Is located as such, users that dine
in at the revolving restaurant are
semi-private space which is the
revolving restaurant breaks the
the orderly arrangement of the
windows and fenestration
each hotel rooms and the small
windows are able to provide
but to be seen as a whole. heat into the building, creating
comfort for the patients and users
block that are connected to the
main cuboidal shape.
regulate airflow and daylight value
and to maximize illumination.
Modernism architecture adopts and adapts from this idea and Abdullah, A., Hussain, N. H., Peng, V. N., Ariffin, A. N., &
Fun, T. L. (2015). The living machines: Malaysias modern
accommodating 15,000 people. It was a vital idea of
building the national mosque after the newly
redefines the new Post-Merdeka sunlight. This reduces the harshness
of direct sunlight by 50% into the
which include the veranda, the
Mausoleum, library, administration
the mirhab. Secondly, from the
conference hall, through the
represents a dominant feature on
elevation appears to be drastically
off and the main entrance links to the Wells and Joyce Architect brought it into the 20th century. tropical architecture whilst still
hotel lobby. There are 2 wide steps in able to have a panoramic view of pattern of the hierarchy and is establishes a symmetrical grid privacy. The ribbon window of the of the space. architectural heritage. Kuala Lumpur: Pertubuhan Akitek independent Malaya, to establish its identity with retaining the traditional Islamic building which is much easier to office and conference hall. veranda, directly towards to the reduced in size when seen on plan.
front of the main entrance for loading the night lights of the happening
city, Kuala Lumpur.
located at the rooftop, above the
private spaces. This context has
pattern which further enhances the
sense of Modernism Architectural
rooftop revolving restaurant is
slanted slightly to enhance the
COLUMNS Malaysia in collaboration with Taylors University. Islam as its official state religion. The mosque was to
be named but declined after the 1st Prime Minister
location and decorative architectural control. original Northeast entrance.
and unloading luggage purpose. The
back entrance is connected to the suggested that the users’ experience style with the visual emphasis on visual quality of the users to the Flat roof Ho, C. M. (1992). Pattern of ovarian tumours among which lead to the naming of ‘Masjid Negara’ to accessibility elements. This can be seen
where the columns supporting
federal arcade with various gadget is being prioritized. The spatial the horizontal and vertical lines. outdoor and also to block the direct ARCHITECTURAL STYLE MATERIALITY Malaysian women at General Hospital~ Kuala Lumpur. Med. symbolise the unity & multi-culture. Located at the West of Central the veranda resembles a
shops and is located next to Low Yat arrangement is aimed to dramatize sunlight glare to the indoor J. Malaysia, 47(2). Kuala Lumpur along Jalan modern interpretation of
Brutalist concept buildings are Concrete is the most used material in Both buildings uses large
Mall. usually formed with repeated this building. It is used for the expanses of glass for the
Perdana, Tasik Perdana. coconut palm fronds,
Mariappan, P., Chong, W. L., Sundram, M., & Mohamed, S. Surrounded around important innovative pleated roof inspired
modular elements forming masses construction of structural walls, main façade in effect of allowing a
MASSING Repetitive to Unique Natural Ventilation Plan to SECTION Proportion and R. (2004). Increasing prostate biopsy cores based on volume government buildings and major MASSING CIRCULATION NATURAL LIGHTING
representing specific functional facades of the building, roof and pile Massing SPATIAL HIERARCHY CIRCULATION REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE Materiality visual extension from the by the royal umbrella used BALANCE REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
vs the sextant biopsy: a prospective randomized controlled landmarks such as the Daya however still incorporating
The building is mainly comprised The overall form of the building is The buildings are arranged in a The roof plan and the section share Scale zones, distinctly articulated and foundation. Bricks are used to build The approach to Brutalist Spatial hierarchy is determined by The human circulation starts from The main building and front Portland cement and water are interior to exterior of the
clinical study on cancer detection rates and morbidity. BJU Bumi Complex and Merdeka numerous small domes on top
The main form of the mosque is a The primary circulation of the By eliminating the usage solid walls around the building, natural light is diffused by Conceptual balance is created From a bird’s eye view, a unique in
grouped together into a unified load-bearing walls and plastering is buildings incorporating verandah spaces throughout the mosque. Patterned screen wall of
of cuboids which provide the arranged in repetitive units of strategic way to capture the wind similarities in terms of the architecture is clearly seen through different level of privacy and the the entrance block and from other entrance are similar in cuboid form applied to masonry interior and cuboid connected with a cluster of mosque is the linear ceremonial between the open, uninterrupted a repetitive field can be seen where
impression of weight, density, and cubical shapes. The recurring flow. The neighbouring high-rises configuration of geometrical shape
The size and proportion of whole. applied to the interior ceiling. the overall form of the structure as volume of spaces in the building. multiple entrances which could whereas the cubical twin office exteriors to achieve a smooth
international, 94(3), 307-310. Stadium.
Positioned diagonally opposite
of the veranda roof based on
several other cuboidal units acting pathway leading to the Warrior’s islamic geometrical shapes is also used as fenestration to allow the diffusion of prayer hall balanced against the the repetitive plan of the roof is
windows in the hotel façade are in a canopy design and the usage of

2018
FEDERAL HOTEL GENERAL HOSPITAL NATIONAL MOSQUE DESIGN CONCEPT Surrounded by bulk. The pool area at the element directs the users’ visual act as a wind funnel which guides of squares and rectangles as well as
harmonious relation which gives
it is the combination of cuboidal The public space is the entrance only be accessed by the authorities towers are tilted away from the texture to the surface. Plaster is Emphasis on horizontal Hamimah, I., Zahedi, M., & Ainiyah, A. J. (1982). The the Central Railway station on islamic geometrical decorative
as a connective walkway to cater for tomb which branches into a series natural light. gridded colonnade of the veranda visible where a network of
iV
shop lots especially
traditional chinese
mezzanine floor is being recessed from the ground floor to the the wind into unit where the pool in the volume of space of both DESIGN CONCEPT BUILDING units. The entrance block and both block which allow people to that leads to the admittance ward south axis. In plan view, both of the used to create detailing in the planes and broad roof prevalence of intestinal parasites among children at the 13 acres of low, flat land which is grillwork that stretches around
spaces of different sizes and of secondary spaces connected to which is the secondary space to repetitive bays within the gridded
KUALA LUMPUR KUALA LUMPUR KUALA LUMPUR It emphasised on the Louis Sullivan’s
downwards to create a spatial void rooftop. The presence of cylindrical area is located. The pool functions plans. The horizontal and vertical
the users a sense of scale to the
of the office towers are connected register. The office blocks serve as and maternity ward. In term of tilted towers form a dynamic wards. During the day, heat is overhangs functionality. The main prayer hall the building core such as the main highlight the sacredness of the columnar field is being interrupted
principle of “Form follows function”
style of shops as it
is located in the spaces between the windows and Kuala Lumpur Hospital is a on 150 acres of prime land It is the reminiscent of Le ACCESSIBILITY General Hospital, Kuala a 6 minute walk to the mosque. the building.
1950s’ middle of
where the users can carry out element at the rooftop casts a as an evaporating cooling system configurations are arranged Corbusier's High Court building to the main block of the building, the semi-private space while the horizontal circulation, it is split composition which highlights the absorbed and stored in the cooler Emphasis on opening, Lumpur, Malaysia. The Medical journal of Malaysia, 37(4), The surrounding perimeter of the is represented by an overpowering prayer hall, veranda and courtyard. prayer hall. Compositional balance by the unique geometrical form of
P A G E 1 P A G E 8 P A G E 1 7 where different parts of the hotel serve the overall dimensions of the M a l a y s i a n in the city with 84 wards It is located at Jalan Pahang, Kuala
Chinatown recreational activities. There are discontinuity in the visual rhythm that cools down the air circulating together, forming a volumetric and the Secretariat offices in sharing a common space in within. main block which is reserved for into the west and east wings in the location of the entrance. mass of the concrete, so the flowing interior spaces 373. mosque is along the Cenderasi cuboid balanced by a towering, is achieved on the facade of the the folded plated dome.
for different purposes. Horizontal and façade. The recurring windows of government-owned public and 2,300 beds, making it
FEDERAL HOTEL KUALA LUMPUR vertical lines on the structure are
addition of prism and cylinder at and announces its importance. It within the Kontiki Restaurant understanding.
the same size establish a scale hospital in Kuala Lumpur, one of the largest hospitals Chandigarh, India. Many buildings
Lumpur and next to the
Radiotherapy Outpatient Clinic. It is
The horizontal and vertical the patients and staff is closed off main building. There is also a linear Eventhough the hospital comprises building requires less energy to cool such as the restaurant,
garden and the
Road facing North, Lembah vertical cylinder representing the mosque as the vertical minaret is
the mezzanine floor and the roof. shows that the revolving restaurant located at the same floor. of the hospital are protected by a elements are emphasized in the from the public. vertical circulation through the of buildings with different angles, it down. Aluminum-framed windows Chia, Y. C., Lim, S. H., Wang, S. J., Cheong, Y. M., Denaro, Venning Road at the south minaret used to project visual CONCEPTUAL BALANCE balanced by further extending the
It was established in the year 1957 and was opened for heavily emphasised which give an relative to the size of the façade. the capital city of Malaysia. in the world. More than 90 convenient as there is public swimming pool on the
These geometrical distinctions each is schemed to be the main series of square concrete louvers hospital design throughout the central twin lift core to different shows a rather harmonious are installed due to its high J., & Hettiarachchi, J. (2003). Efficacy of Eletriptan in boundry and Sultan consciousness and historical horizontal elements horizontally.
business just 3 days after Malaya’s Independence day which aesthetic and clean appearance to the 1960s’ Founded in 1870, HKL is a per cent of the beds in HKL transportation access such as LRT, mezzanine floor of the
highlights the unique features in attraction of the entire hotel. allowing good ventilation, yet whole building that strongly levels of the hospital. elevation view as the vertical and sustainability property. Migraineurs With Persistent Poor Response to Nonsteroidal Hishamuddin Road at the East. reference of focal point,
IV V VI V falls on the 31 August 1957. It was functioned as an hotel. The interior of the building is
mostly decorated with the combination
Surrounded by the building, Kontiki Restaurant
not-for-profit institution
and serves as the flagship
are allocated for subsidized
patients, providing access to keeping the sun and rain out. They
monorail, taxi and bus. The main reflects the Modernism horizontal configuration are Federal Hotel which
Anti‐inflammatory Drugs. Headache: The Journal of Head dominating the surrounding area. PRIMARY
accommodation for guests from overseas to witness the high-rise shop lots, SWIMMING POOL
adjacent to the swimming pool and purpose of the building is to cater the architectural style. PUBLIC arranged together to show the reflects a more casual and
of timber structure and marble flooring upscale
hospital of the Malaysian an internationally have adopted the minimalist VERTICAL and Face Pain, 43(9), 984-990.
DEWAN TUNKU CHIN WOO STADIUM UNIVERSITY historical moment of Malaysia. The hotel now serves a several commercial KONTIKI RESTAURANT rooftop revolving restaurant. aesthetics of Modernism in different
needs of people in Kuala Lumpur
SEMI-PRIVATE volumetric configuration.
relaxed way of life SECONDARY

function to the public such as restaurants and bars, function which gives an elegance and welcoming buildings and old public healthcare system. established standard of and to provide healthcare facilities to
CANSELOR KUALA HOSPITAL KUALA Today shop lots that are REVOLVING RESTAURANT ways such as simplicity, clarity and
HORIZONTAL

ambience to the guests upon entering

TIMELINE AND DIAGRAM ANALYSIS and event halls, accommodations. The government tertiary affordable healthcare. the patients from rural areas. PRIVATE
UNIVERSITY MALAYA LUMPUR LUMPUR the hotel.
under renovation
and maintenance.
SWIMMING POOL
referral hospital is located functional.
COMPOSITIONAL BALANCE

ARCHITECTURE CULTURE AND HISTORY II P A G E 2 4 P A G E 3 3 P A G E 4 0

VI P A G E 1 P A G E 2 P A G E 3 P A G E 4 P A G E 5 P A G E 6 P A G E 7 P A G E 8 P A G E 9 P A G E 1 0 P A G E 1 1 P A G E 1 2 P A G E 1 3 P A G E 1 4 P A G E 1 5 P A G E 1 6 P A G E 1 7 P A G E 1 8 P A G E 1 9 P A G E 2 0 P A G E 2 1 P A G E 2 2 P A G E 2 3