E3-E4 Arch Chapter-4 Interior Design & Color Scheme

E3-E4 Architecture
Technical Module
Interior Design & Colour Scheme
© For internal circulation of BSNL only

WELCOME
• This is a presentation for the E3-E4 Architecture

Technical Module for the Topic: Interior Design & Colour
Scheme.
• Eligibility: Those who have got the Up-gradation to from
E3 to E4.
• This presentation is last updated on 15-07-2011.
• You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this
topic.

AGENDA
Introduce to the participants the fundamental elements
which make up our interior environments
Interface between our interior & exterior environments.
Things to consider in Interior Design
Individual Activity
Group Activities.
Communication
Movement
Acoustics Nature Required
Light (Natural / Artificial )

IMPORTANCE
• We spend the majority of our lives indoors , in the interior
spaces created by the structures & shell of buildings.
• Interiors provide the physical context for much of what we
do , and give substance & life to the
• Architecture which houses them.
.
• The exploration of the ways & means of developing interior
design begins with space itself.

IMPORTANCE
• SPACE is the prime material with which the Architect must
work.
• Interior Space - proceeds from a general discussion of
architectural space to the particular characteristics of
interior space in three dimensions.
• Interior Design - outlines a method of translating
programmatic needs and requirements into three
dimensional design decision.
• A Design Vocabulary - explores the fundamental
principles of visual design and applies each of them to the
unique field of interior design.
IMPORTANCE
• Interior Design Elements – describes the major categories

of interior elements and discusses how each affects the
functional and aesthetic development of interior spaces.
• Interior Environmental Systems – provides an outline of

the environmental control systems which must be
integrated into a buildings interior.

OUTSIDE TO INSIDE
• Exterior wall constitute interface between our interior &
exterior environments.
Thick wall – for clear distinction

Thin wall - an attempt to merge inside & outside .
Spatial Transition
Windows , Door, Porch , Balcony ,Arcaded gallery .
Separation - Wall / Partition
Connection - Windows , Glazing
Transparency - Doors / Openings .

INTERIOR SPACE
• INTERIOR SPACE
Inside a building -------- Sense of shelter & enclosure .
This is because of :
Walls , Architectural Elements
Floors , that define the physical
Ceilings . limits of Rooms.
They do more than just mark of a simple quantity of space.

INTERIOR SPACE
• They give architectural qualities :
· Grand hall
· Lobby depending upon the
· Sun room Scale, Form Light ,
· Alcove Nature of its enclosing
· Loft space surface ,and look .
· Living room
Interior design goes beyond Architectural definition of

Space . Interior design should be actually aware of
Architectural character as well as potential for modification
and enhancement .
INTERIOR SPACE
Hence Interior design can effectively elect to work with :
Continuation
Counterpoint
Contrast

INTERIOR SPACE
• Things to consider in Interior Design :
· Individual Activity
· Group Activities
· Communication
· Movements
· Acoustics Nature Required
· Light (Natural / Artificial )

INTERIOR SPACE
INTENTION
PERCEPTION
USE
( Into a whole Interior Environment )
Ceiling Furniture Partition Flooring Lights Environment Any other

INTERIOR DESIGN
• Interior is :
· Planning physical settings
· Layout that satisfy our needs
· Design of interior space for shelter & protection
Interior design :
1. Set the stage for and influence our activities
2. They nurture our aspirations
3. Express the ideas which accompany our actions
4. They effect our outlook
5. They effect our moods
6. They effect our personality

DESIGN PROCESS
Analysis:
• The ability to define and understand the nature of the design
problem adequately is an essential part of the solution.
What Exists ?
• Document physical/cultural context
• Describe existing elements
• What can change …..What cannot ?
What's desired ?
• Identify user needs and references
Set goals:
• Functional requirements
• Aesthetic image and style
• Psychological stimullus and meaning
DESIGN PROCESS
What's possible ?
• What can be altered …..What cannot ?
• What can be controlled …..What cannot ?
• What is allowed …..What is prohibited ?
Define limits:
• Time
• Economics
• Legal
• Technical

Synthesis:
• Design requires rational thought based on knowledge and
understanding gained through experiences and research .
also playing equal roles are intuition and imagination which
add the creative dimension to the rational design process
Select The Parts
• Select and assign values to key issues or elements
• Study the nature of the parts
• Visualize the ways the parts can fit together

Generates Ideas
• Look at the situations from different points of view
• Manipulate the parts to see how a change might effect the
whole
• Search for the way to combine several good ideas into a
better one
Integrate Into a Whole
Evaluation:
Design requires a critical review of alternatives and careful
weighing of the strengths and weakness of each proposal
until the best possible fit between problems and solution is
achieved.

Compare Alternatives:
• Compare each alternative with design goals and criteria
• Weigh the benefits and strengths against the cost and
liabilities of each alternative.
• Rank alternatives in the term of suitability and
effectiveness.

• Make design decisions
• Develop & refine design
• Implement design
Infact , there is often more than one valid solution to a design
problem. How than can we judge whether design is good or
bad?
• A design may be good because it functions well-
It works
• A design may be good because it is affordable –
• Economical Efficient Durable
• A design may be good because it looks good –
• Aesthetically Pleasing
• A Design May Be Good Because It Recreates A Feeling
Remembered From Another Time & Place – It Carries Meaning
• At the times we may judge to be good because we feel
it follows current design trends- it in fashion
• At times we feel it is good because of the impression it
will make on others

USER REQUIREMENT
Identify Users
• Individual or group
• If group how many?
• Specific or anonymous
• Age group
Identify Needs
• Group needs
• Specific individual needs
Territorial Requirements
• Personal space
• Privacy
Interaction
• Access
• Favoured objects
• Favorite colors
• Special places
• Special interests

VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS
A DESIGN VOCABULARY
• Form
• Shape
• Color
• Texture
• Light
• Proportion
• Scale
• Balance
• Harmony
• Unity & varity
• Rhythm
• Emphasis

DESIGN CRITERIA
In defining and analyzing a design problem, One also develops
goals and criteria by which the effectiveness of a solution
can be measured. regardless of the nature of the interior
design problem being addressed, there are several criteria
with which we should be concerned.
Function and Purpose

First, the intended function of the design must be satisfied
and its purpose fulfilled

Utility and Economy
Second, a design should exhibit utility, honesty, and
economy in its selection of materials
Form and Style
Third, the design should be aesthetically pleasing to
the eye and our other body senses.
Image and Meaning
Fourth, the design should project an image and
promote associations which carry meaning for the
people who use and experience it.

HOW TO USE COLOR
Start your color plan with colors you like;
Adapt to your design with these 9 rules :
Color works magic. Use it with a lavish hand, remembering the
following simple principles as you plan the effect you want :
• Bold colors advance , pale colors recede , can make a room
look smaller or bigger .
• Contrasting colors emphasize each other ; closely blended

colors conceal defects .
• One bold pattern is usually enough … use it dramatically. Don’t

detract from it with another eye – catching design .
4. Warmth and excitement are suggested by the color of fire…red , yellow ,
orange .Coolness and peace come with blues and greens and white which
are borrowed from nature’s pallete.
5. Unequal areas of color are more pleasing… use a major tone to cover
about two- thirds of a room , vary with accents.
6. Color is affected by its neighbors. Test colors against each other before
you buy.
7. Wood surfaces have color , too. Consider table tops and chair frames in
your scheme.
8. Large areas of color look deeper , so be cautious when you select wall
tones.
9. The final effect of plan should include “ something dark, something light,
something dull, and something bright .

COLOURS
Planning a colour scheme

• Start by creating a mood board, this will give you a
direction and help you to build up your ideas for the room
and share them with others. It rarely happens that we
have a blank canvas to start with, so look at your
surrounding in the room before choosing your base
colour.

COLOUR SCHEMES
Tonal scheme
• A tonal or monochromatic scheme means you use one colour but in
varying tones. If you choose everything in the same tone or colour your
scheme will look bland. A key factor with this look is to use texture and
patterns to alleviate the potential boredom of using one colour.
Examples of a tonal scheme
• On the colour wheel, look at the segment showing just one colour. The
paler tones are on the outside which graduate into the middling tones
and on into the deeper tones in the centre.
• Choose three tints and shades of the same colour and use it throughout
the room.
• Use the deepest tone nearest the floor and the lightest on the ceiling.
This gives the room a feeling of space but if you try it the other way the
room will seem to shrink.
COLOUR SCHEMES
Harmonious schemes
• Harmonious colours are the ones that sits next to another on the
colour wheel or veyr close to it, for example, red is near rust
which is near terracotta. It is veyr easy to create a balanced
scheme which is pleasing to the eye with harmonious colours.
Examples of a hormonious scheme
• Choose colours of similar densities for a balanced look, so one
does not overpower the another.
• Make the scheme bolder by going for a deeper more intense
shade.
• Pick three or four colours that all stem from the same primary
colour.
• If one of your harmonious colours are a primary colour the effect
will be more striking, for example, red and hot pink.
COLOUR SCHEMES
Complementary scheme
• Complementary colours are the colours that are opposite to one
another on the colour wheel. These colours are naturally made
to go with one another. They tend to be more dramatic and
bolder than the harmonious scheme.
Examples of an complementary scheme
• Choose your first colour and then look directly at the colour
opposite and that should be your second colour.
• Decide which colour you want to feature. If you use them both
in equal amounts they will fight for attention and cancel each
other out.

COLOUR SCHEMES
Examples of an complementary scheme
• If you are worry about using dramatic colours, try to introduce
a complementary scheme in form of a throw or other
accessories before you go ahead with the actual colour.
• Balance the scheme by introducing some neutral colours
such as cream or white.
• Experiment with it in both combinations, for example, try a
light soft grey with a vibrant deep pink and the other way
around.
• Paring one dark and one light tone of each of your two
colours can work well.
• You can use a third colour, preferably in a different tone from
the other two but do not use more the three colours.

Create a mood
• Colour is the easiest and most effective way of creating a
mood for every room in your apartment. By using warm and
advancing colours in your living room and dining rooms you
will make people feel welcome. A chic, contemporary
bedroom could be created by using various shades of
neutrals or perhaps by creating a boudoir with deep purple
and reds. Use lighting for setting the mood in different
situations such as romantic, formal or cosiness See colour
and light for more inspirations.
Linking rooms with colour
• It is important to link the rooms in your apartment together.
You may have loads of idea about colour schemes and
theme for the various rooms but stop to think about the
overall effect these may have if the doors to the rooms are
open. The last thing you want is for the room to clash with
one another, so therefore it could be a good idea to choose
a overall colour for the entire apartment and then vary the
scheme (tonal, harmonious and complementary) in each
room.

BEFORE YOU START
• Now that you have done your mood board and chosen your colours
you are ready to go but before you get started have a look at these
four point;
• Buy test pots of the colours you have chosen and paint a quiet big
stretch of the wall.
• If you have chosen several colours for your room, paint some of the
colour on non-absorbent white paper and stick them onto the wall.
• Leave the sheets on the wall for a couple of days and move them
around the room so that you can see the colours in all light.
• Always keep larger extensive items such as your sofa and flooring in
neutral colours so that you don't have to start from scratch every time
fashion changes.
FENG SHUI AND COLOUR
• One of the easiest ways of creating harmony and balance in
your apartment is by adding colour. This is also one of the
most rewarding Feng Shui adjustments you can make.
• In this article we go through the following colours:
White Pink Green
Black Orange Blue
Red Yellow Purple

White: - Blends all the colours of light and represents truth,
harmony, purity and the way to higher spiritual knowledge.
Black: - Associated with mystery and the unknown. When
used carefully it can be considered powerful and dramatic but
in excess it soaks up energy and vitality.
Red: - Denotes vitality and energy and is associated with joy,
strength, love and motivation.
Pink: - Offers a sense of spiritual completeness and
contentment and promotes healing.
Orange: - A happy colour that inspires hope, confidence and
enthusiasm. It also stimulates creativity and nurtures ambition.

Yellow: - A mood-lifter, stimulating joy, optimism and a
sense of well-being.
Green: - An abundance of nature and is both restful and
energising.
Blue: - Generates harmony, hope, calm and stimulates
creativity, communication and spiritual understanding.
Purple: - Associated with intuition, dignity and wisdom.
Purple is also considered very soothing and calming and
can create the perfect atmosphere for meditation.

FENG SHUI
• Feng Shui practitioners believe that all colours can affect
Ch'i energy differently as the energy in the colour ‘speaks’
and helps to connect the mind, body and spirit.
• Feng Shui inspire you to decorate your dining room, living
and kitchen areas in warm colours from the red/yellow
side of the spectrum and neutrals are preferred for hall
and entryways. The cool colours from the blue/violet side
are used in the bedrooms and bathrooms.

HOME ROOMS
Basic tips for good lighting
• Most people do not think about lighting when they start
decorating their apartment. They spend all their time poring
over paint charts and magazines but it is actually the light
that shows off a space to it full advantage. Good lighting will
make your home feel spacious, clean and welcoming.
• Natural light, electric light and colour are all connected.
When decorating your apartment these are all things you
should think of and coordinate before starting your project.

HOME ROOMS
• If your windows are small you could use light blinds or muslin
drapes instead of curtains. This will allow the natural light to
come through without any interruptions.
• Types of lighting
• A successful lighting plan should be made up of several layers
of lighting. In this article we will go through the different types
of lighting that can enhance your living space:
Natural light Electric light Ambient light

Accent light Task light

LIGHTING FOR OCCASIONS
• Lighting is very important for creating the right ambiance when
hosting a party. The mood of the room can change from calm
and romantic to energising and vibrant by experimenting with
different types of lighting. A mirror can be used to bounce
candlelight around the room and crystals, diamond and other
reflective surfaces are ideal for an extra festive sparkle.
• If your room is large and has a high ceiling and you want to
make it appear cosier, you should introduce several types of
small lamps to create low pools of light. Think about how you
arrange your lights as these can create unusual patterns on
your walls and ceiling.

LIGHTING FOR OCCASIONS
• Highlight certain areas of the room such as the fireplace or
willow stems with fairy lights to create a shimmering glow.
Change the speed of the flicker to create the right party
mood.
• If your are lucky enough to have an outside space with your
apartment, consider buying a patio heater, chimney or wood
burner as people always like to stand outside at a party even
in cold weather. For that extra welcoming effect add tea or
fairy lights to create the ambiance of an indoor party.

NATURAL LIGHT
Ideas to maximise your natural light

• Hang mirrors, particularly opposite windows.
• Use voile or muslin to diffuse light or perforated roller
blinds to block out harsh sunlight.
• Replace an inner door with a glass panelled door.
• Use light reflective surfaces and pale carpets and
furnishing.
• Trim any overhanging bushes or tree by your windows.

ELECTRIC LIGHT
• Electric light can never light a room as efficiently as the sun,

so think of electric light as atmospheric background. With
electric lights you can easily create either a cosy or a really
dramatic light effect in your apartment.

ELECTRIC LIGHT
Ideas to maximise your electric light

• Choose something more versatile then a single light bulb
hanging from the ceiling. Use spotlight which can use used
to highlight your favorite picture or mirror.
• Highlight features such as ceiling coving with uplighters.
• Layer the lighting throughout the room so you have the right
kind of lighting for your different needs, for example table
lamps and ceiling lights.
• Make sure that all your lighting is controlled separately to
avoid over-illuminations.

AMBIENT LIGHT
• Ambient or background lighting is usually provided by a

central pendant light and often causes problems as it
creates a bland and flat effect. However, if you supplement
your general lighting with other types of lighting you can
end up with a great and flexible lighting scheme.

ACCENT LIGHT
• Accent lighting is meant to give texture and shade to all general

lighting by adding depth and shade with different shadows and pools
of light. It is formed by a mixture of halogen spotlights, downlighters,
uplighters, tracks and table lamps. With the table lamps use opaque
shades that directs light down and prevent it spilling out. Tracks are
great for lighting different areas of a room.

ACCENT LIGHT
Once the basics are in place, decide which possessions to
highlight, whether it's glass or a picture.
• Books: clip a spotlight on the underside of the shelf or put
up a wall washers into the ceiling.
• Pictures and paintings: it is very tricky to light paintings
well. If they are behind glass you have the additional
problem of glare. To avoid this use an 'eyeball' light that can
swivel and set it to broad beam or you could mount an
adjustable spotlight on a ceiling tracks and point it on a focal
point on the painting.

ACCENT LIGHT
• Glass: should be lit from below or behind. From below,
place a row of low-voltage halogen spotlights beneath the
shelf or a fluorescent strip hidden from view in a casing.
From behind, use a fluorescent strip not halogen, which
does not give the right light.
• Plants: always check whether your plant loves sunlight or
need to be kept out of it. For larger plants, use an uplighter
or a recessed spotlight in the floor behind. The lights will
bounce off the ceiling or floor and create unusual shadows
on the walls.

TASK LIGHT
• This is what you need when your are doing specific jobs
whether it is reading, cooking or working on your computer.
• Task lighting needs to be focused on the area you are using. If
the light seeps out, you are likely to get glare from other
surfaces. Task lights comes with tungsten, halogen or
fluorescent bulbs.
TASK LIGHT
What you need from a task light

• You light should be able to take a 60 watts bulb at least,
as it must be brighter than the others in the room.
• Use inexpensive pull-down pendant or clip-on.
• Clip-on spotlights are useful as you can move them to
wherever you are working.


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E3-E4 Architecture

Interior Design & Colour Scheme

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• This is a presentation for the E3-E4 Architecture

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• Interior Design Elements – describes the major categories

• Interior Environmental Systems – provides an outline of

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Thick wall – for clear distinction

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

They do more than just mark of a simple quantity of space.

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Interior design goes beyond Architectural definition of

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Ceiling Furniture Partition Flooring Lights Environment Any other

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Function and Purpose

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• Contrasting colors emphasize each other ; closely blended

• One bold pattern is usually enough … use it dramatically. Don’t

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Planning a colour scheme

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

White Pink Green

Black Orange Blue

Red Yellow Purple

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Natural light Electric light Ambient light

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Ideas to maximise your natural light

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• Electric light can never light a room as efficiently as the sun,

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

Ideas to maximise your electric light

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• Ambient or background lighting is usually provided by a

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

• Accent lighting is meant to give texture and shade to all general

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

What you need from a task light

© For internal circulation of BSNL only

E3-E4 Arch Chapter-4 Interior Design & Color Scheme

E3-E4 Arch Chapter-4 Interior Design & Color Scheme