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1.

Non linear load cases

We go to load cases and define new load case (Non linear –Static)

Nonlinear analysis is done to as the base is supported by springs and these springs take tension and
compression both. But soil takes only compression. Thus the results will change due to the lifting of
one side of footing due to the in ability of the soil to take tension. Thus to determine result variation
due to lifting of one side non linear analysis is done.

2. Define compression only spings


3. Flow is normally 4.5m3/m in one pipe.
If there are 3 pipes it is 4.5/3=1.5

4. We can calculate the friction using the reaction which is directly affected by the slope of the
penstock. However we just ignore the slope of the penstock and take the weights directly
multiplied by friction factor (0.4). This is called the friction capacity calculation. This is kind of
a overdesign done in order to provide for phenomena like thermal expansion.

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