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HIRARC TABLE

No Activity Hazard Effect Immediate Risk assesment Action and recomendation


risk Likelihood Severity Risk rating
control
1 Breaking concrete Silica Kidney Wearing 3 5 15 Use hydraulic impact hammers with wet dust
disease, PPE such suppression use water spray nozzles to reduce
Lung as airborne dust while breaking rocks and concrete.
cancer respiratory
face mask
2. Install trenchboxes and Work in respirator Wearing 4 2 8 - Monitoring the Atmosphere in a Confined Space
shoring, and work in confined y suitable
trenches space irritation, PPE.
throat Work more
irritation, than one
tracheal person.
irritation
3 Clear or remove utility Stooped low back Always 4 2 8 - A safe worksite layout can help improve safety
lines postures muscle change the conditions as well as reduce musculoskeletal
strain, worker disorders manual material handling.
ligament everytime
sprain, a
bulging
and other
back
problems
4 Rig, load and transport Falling Death, Wearing 4 5 20 - Install safety net on the construction building.
components debris debris or Physical proper
object injuries PPE.
(helmet)
5 Driving on uneven surface Excavator Death, drive on the 2 5 10 - Make a construction road
road rollover physical flat surface
injuries road
6 Workers who dig or Trenches fatally Use trench 2 5 10 - Use shoring equipment to stabilize and
excavate trenches Collapse crush or boxes are provide structure for trenches
suffocate designed
workers
7 passage of an external Electrical injury or Use cable 2 5 10 - Augmented Reality technology accurately locate
electrical current between shocks, death locating underground cables
parts of the body or burns devices
through the body and/or
electrocuti
on

8 Working in high heat and Heat Set up of 2 4 8 - An arm immersion cooling system is a portable
temperatures, with high sun stroke, shade heat stress prevention unit
humidity, direct sun exposure Heat canopies
exposure, no breeze or exhaustio and tents
wind n, Heat
syncope
9 Performing excavation, Whole low back Use anti- 3 2 6 - Follow the standard operating procedure in site
including sitting in Body disorders vibration
construction machines Vibration glove
10 worker who is repeatedly noise Noise- Noise 3 3 9 - Quieter excavators are designed to limit noise
exposed to noise at 85 induced barriers and exposure from loud equipment engines
decibels or above hearing enclosures
loss
(NIHL)
METHOD
Method of risk assessment will be discussed in more details. Risk assessment is defined as a
combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in
specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property,
environment or any combination of these caused by the event. After identification of hazards is made,
analysis and evaluation will be carried out in order to determine how likely and severe the risk is.
When this determination is made, measures should be in place can be decided to effectively eliminate
or control the harm from happening. Generally, risk assessment is carried out by referring to the
following steps ((NIOSH), 2010):
1. Identify the hazards.

2. Decide who might be harmed and how.

3. Evaluate the risks and decide on control measures.

4. Record your findings and implement them.

5. Review your assessment and update if necessary.

The outcomes from the risk assessment will be used for commissioning, design, operations,
construction and decommissioning phase to make sure that all risks identified will be managed
appropriately. Under risk assessment, there are two different methods that can be practiced: risk
estimation and risk evaluation. Risk estimation can be considered as one of the most important part in
assessing hazardous or unsafe situations in a particular job especially in industrial and construction
workplaces, where their work conditions are mostly unpredictable. Meanwhile, risk evaluation is the
process to determine the significance of each risk.
There are two ways to evaluate risks: qualitative risk analysis and quantitative analysis.
Qualitative risk analysis is a project management technique concerned with discovering the
probability of a risk event occurring and the impact the risk will have if it does occur. All risks have
both probability and impact. Probability is the likelihood that a risk even will occur, and impact is the
significance of the consequences of the risk event. Impact typically affects the following project
elements: schedule, budget, resources, deliverables, costs, quality, scope, and performance.
Meanwhile, quantitative risk analysis is a method of quantifying your highest priority risks in order to
determine the probability of achieving your overall cost and schedule objectives. For examples,
rather than ranking the probability of a risk as a three on a scale of one to five qualitatively, we could
estimate the probability to be 50%. Risk assessment can be carried out as shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1 Steps for Risk Evaluation

Furthermore, to manage the risk, National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH) have come out with
a standard process that is shown in.

Figure 3.2 Process of Risk Management


Risk assessment can be carried out in variety of ways in order to deliver the result of analysis
so that decision can be made for risk control. For qualitative risk analysis, risk matrix that uses
likelihood and severity will be a very effective way of communicating the distribution of the risk
throughout a plant and area in a workplace. Risk is calculated using the following formula((NIOSH),
2010):

Relative Risk = Likelihood (L) x Severity (S)

Below shows the risk matrix and its level of likelihood and severity for hazard.

Severity (S)
Likelihood (L) 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5
Figure 3.3 Risk Matrix (HIRARC)

Risk Description Action


15 - 25 HIGH A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in
the hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk
assessment form including date for completion.
5 - 12 MEDIUM A MEDIUM risk required a planned approach to controlling the hazard and
applies temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented
on the risk assessment form including date for completion.
1-4 LOW A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and further
reduction may not be necessary. However, if the risk can be resolved
quickly
Figure 3.4 Risk Ranges

LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE RATING


Most likely The most likely result of the 5
hazard/event being realized.
Possible Has a good chance of occurring 4
and is not unusual.
Conceivable Might be occur at sometimes in 3
future.
Remote Has not been known to occur 2
after many years.
Inconceivable Is practically impossible and 1
has never occurred.
Figure 3.5 Likelihood of Hazard
SEVERITY EXAMPLE RATING

Catastrophic Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage and productivity. 5

Fatal Approximately one single fatality major property damage if hazard is 4


realized.

Serious Non-fatal injury, permanent disability. 3

Minor Disabling but no permanent injury. 2

Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type injury. 1

Figure 3.6 Severity of Hazard

To reduce the hazards in construction site, the following steps can be refer as guideline:
 Focus on how each employee performs their work.
Watch for employees who are taking shortcuts that might reduce safety, but also look for employees
who perform tasks in an improved manner that could be adopted by the other staff.

 Encourage your employees to have a voice in safety.


When workers bring safety deficiencies and new idea to management’s attention, they are
contributing to the culture of safety in your workplace.

 Maintain all machinery in good working order.


The employer’s responsibility to ensure that all machinery is in good working order and that a routine
maintenance program is in place.

 Avoid and remove unnecessary hazards.


Start off each year with an inspection of your workplace and a thorough review of your safety system.

 Provide clear work instruction.


- Make sure that all safety instructions are clear and understood.
- Review and confirm that your workers know what they are being asked to do.

 Create a safe work area.


- Prevent injuries and ensure an efficient job and workplace by creating a safe work area.
- Eliminate potential safety issues.

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