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Computational Investigation on the Effect of Varying Cross

Flow in a Conventional Closed Wind Tunnel Test Section

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

C.JAGADESH KUMAR 310814101023

K. KANISHKAN 310814101026

V.NISHANTH 310814101032

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025

APRIL 2018
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI, CHENNAI-600 119

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “Computational Investigation on the Effect of


Varying Cross Flow in a Conventional Closed Wind Tunnel Test Section
” is the bonafide work of “C.JAGADESH KUMAR (310814101023)” who carried
out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.S.K.PADMANABHANM.E., PH.D. Mr. S. KANNAN,M.E,


PROFESSOR & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
HEADOF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Dept. Aeronautical Engineering, Dept. Aeronautical Engineering,
Jeppiaar Engineering College, Jeppiaar Engineering College,
Chennai – 600119 Chennai - 600119
CERTIFICATE OF EVALUATION

NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR NAME


S.NO PROJECT TITLE
STUDENTS WITH DESIGNATION

1 C.JAGADESHKUMAR Computational Mr. S. KANNAN,M.E.,


(310814101023) Investigation on the ASSISTANT
Effect of Varying Cross
2 K.KANISHKAN Flow in a Conventional PROFESSOR.
(310814101026) Closed Wind Tunnel
Test Section.
3 V.NISHANTH
(310814101032)

The Reports of the project work submitted by the above students in partial fulfilment
for the award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Aeronautical Engineering of Anna
University Chennai were confirmed to be reports of the work by the above students
and then evaluated.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very much indebted to (Late) Hon’ble Colonel Dr. JEPPIAAR, M.A.,
B.L., Ph.D., Our Chairman and Managing Director Dr. M. REGEENA
JEPPIAAR, B. Tech., M.B.A., Ph.D., and the Principal Dr.J.VENUGOPALA
KRISHNAN, M.Tech., F.I.E., Ph.D., to carry out the project here.

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. S K


PADMANABHAN, M.E., Ph.D., Head of the Department and also to our
guide Mr. S.KANNAN, M.E., for giving valuable suggestions for making this
project a grand success.

I also thank the teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Department of
Aeronautical for their constant support.
Abstract
Design of wind tunnels which gives the flow stream equivalent to the real
situation is a biggest challenge as it involves turbulent and cross flow situations.
The experimental simulation of cross flow with the real time turbulent
behaviour is significantly tedious to conduct as the flow physics itself is little
complicated. This paper focuses on the Numerical Simulation on the effect of
cross flow in the wind tunnel test sectional passage. For the present
computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis, a conventional wind tunnel is
considered and the design modifications are done to achieve the cross flow
effects. A typical aircraft model is placed in the test-section and the cross flow
is simulated along with main stream to predict the flow quantities like pressure,
velocity and turbulent intensity. A Pressure Based Navier Stokes (PBNS) solver
(Ansys-Fluent) is used and the flow is considered steady and incompressible.
The cross flow angle is varied from 25̊̊ to 60. The aerodynamic characteristics
of the aircraft model are compared with and without Cross-flow wind. It is
observed that cross flow produces more turbulent intensity at minimum angle
than larger angle. Also this paper analyses the effect of varying turbulent
intensity of cross flow over the test section model.

Key Words: CFD, Cross-Flow, Wind Tunnel, Incompressible, Turbulent


Intensity
TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES.

LIST OF GRAPHS.

LIST OF FIGURES

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 INTRODUCTION TO CFD 21

3 LITERATURE SURVEY 40

4 METHODOLOGY 46

5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 54

6 CONCLUSION 64

7 REFERENCES 65
LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE
S.NO DESCRIPTION
NO.

1. OPEN CIRCUIT WIND-TUNNEL 5

2. CLOSED CIRCUIT WIND TUNNEL 5


3. EFFUSER 5
4. HONEY-COMB SECTION 6
5. DIFFUSER 7
6. TEST-SECTION 8
7. FLOW PATHWAY OF A OPEN CIRCUIT WINDTUNNEL 9
8. FLOW VISUALIZATION OF A FREE JET 10
9. FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER 10
10. FLOW OVER A AIRFOIL 11
11. CROSS WIND OVER AN AIRCRAFT 12

12. CROSS WIND BURST 14

13. EFFECT OF GUST 19

14. V-N DIAGRAM DUE TO GUST 20

15. CFD CONTOURS OF MODELS 22

16. CONTOURS OF PIPE 22

17. FLOW CONTOURS IN HEART 22

18. FINITE VOLUME METHOD 24

19. TIME AVERAGE DIAGRAM 36

20. CAD MODELLING OF CROSS FLOW WINDTUNNEL 46


21. ISOMETRIC VIEW OF CROSS FLOW WINDTUNNEL 47
22. MODEL USED FOR SIMULATION 47

23. AIRCRAFT MODEL INSIDE THE TEST-SECTION 48

24. AIRCRAFT MODEL INSIDE THE TEST-SECTION IN 48


ZOOMED VIEWED

25. COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN FOR NUMERICAL 49


SIMULATION

26. DISCRETIZED FLOW DOMAIN 49

27. SURFACE MESH OF MODEL 50

28. MESH REFINEMENT NEAR THE COCKPIT 50

29. CUT SECTION VIEW OF VOLUME MESH 51

30. CUT SECTION VIEW OF VOLUME MESH NEAR THE 51


MODEL

31. 52
BOUNDARY LAYER MESH AROUND THE MODEL

32. 55
STATIC PRESSURE VARIATION AROUND A MODEL

33. PRESSURE VARIATION NEAR THE COCKPIT 55


REGION
STATIC PRESSURE VARIATION FOR VARIOUS
34. 56
ANGLES

35. FLOW VELOCITY VARIATIONS ALONG THE WIND 57


TUNNEL WITH VARIOUS CROSS FLOW ANGLES

36. TURBULENT INTENSITY 58

37. PRESSURE IN CROSSFLOW TURBULATORS 61

38. VELOCITY VARIATION ACROSS CROSSFLOW DUCT 61

39. VARIATION OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY IN CROSS 62


FLOW TURBULATORS

40. VARIATION OF TURBULENT INTENSITY IN MODEL WITH 63


TURBULATORS
LIST OF GRAPHS

S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.


1 Convergence History of Flow and Turbulence Equations 54

2 Cross Flow Angle vs Turbulent Kinectic Energy 59

3 Cross Flow Angle vs L/D 60


4 Static Pressure vs Pressure Ports 60
LIST OF SYMBOLS
SYMBOL DEFINITION
CL Lift Coefficient
CD Drag Coefficient
CM Moment coefficient
D Drag Force
K Turbulent kinetic energy
L Lift force
L/D Lift to drag ratio
M Pitching moment at c/4 from the
S Reference area (= bc)
Sij Mean rate of deformation ten
U Free stream mean velocity
X CP Centre of pressure from the leading edge
Α angle of attack
Μ Viscosity
μt Turbulent viscosity
Ε Turbulent energy dissipation rate
ρ air density

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