Signature Assignment Phys 1010

Timothy Derbidge

Part 1: Star Identification

Name of Deneb Messier 39 Delta Epsilon

Star Cygni Cygni
Distance from 2,616 Light 1,060 Light Years 166.3 Light Years 72.7 Light Years
Earth Years

When the light Left in 1757 Left in 1912 Left in 2001 Left in 2010
left the star

Size of star 87.792293 3.6 light years 5 Solar Radius 10.82 Solar
compared to Sun million mi Radius
Sun Radius is 48,968,341.9 x 5 x larger
432,169 mi 203 x larger larger 10.82 x larger

Luminosity of 196000 L 839 L 155 L 62 L

star compared to
sun 196000 x brighter 839 x brighter 155 x brighter 62 x brighter
Sun luminosity
is 1L
Part 2: Equation Analysis
Equation 1: E = mc^2

Q1: E is kinetic energy, m is mass, and c^2 is the speed of light squared.

According to britannica.com, they represent “the fact that mass and energy are the

same physical entity and can be changed into each other.”

Q2: The size of the speed of light squared is 89,875,571,836,332,304 m^2/s^2

Q3: Yes, according to study.com, “the amount of energy added is relative to the

mass gained by the proton multiplied by the speed of light squared.”

Q4: It is not possible to turn a little bit of mass into a lot of energy, however it is

possible to turn a little bit a energy to a lot of mass. Energy = Mass * c^2 so Mass

= Energy/c^2.

Equation 2: d = gt^2/2

Q5: A) Heavy objects do not fall faster than lighter objects. All objects fall at the

same exact rate. Everything follows this equation and weight is not in it.

B) All objects do fall at the same speed without air resistance and weight does not

pertain to the equation.

Equation 3: v = gt

Q6: C) Heavy objects do not fall faster than light objects. Nowhere in the equation

does weight show up.

D) Objects fall at the same speed and weight does not matter because weight is not

applied at any point in the equation.

Q7: It took us such a long time to realize that objects all fall at the same rate

because no one took into account air resistance differences by objects until Galileo.

Q8: The gravitational pull of these objects is greater on objects due to their weight.

However, the weight of the object still does not apply to any of the given

equations.

Equation 4: e = 1 - T_cold/T_hot

Q9: Yes, in theory it is possible to achieve 100% efficiency. From the equation, e =

1 – T_c/T_h, put tc = 0. That means e = 1 or 100%.

Q10: No, it is not possible to achieve because we can not attain a temperature of

Absolute Zero.

Q11: It is possible to attain 100% efficiency in theory by raising the internal

operating temperature of the heat engine, but that would require an infinitely hot

source.

Q12: It is not possible in practice, because that would require an infinitely hot

source.

Q13: No it is not possible to create a 100% efficient fuel burning car. You are

burning fuel, which means that energy is being wasted, not 100% of the energy is

being used.
Part 3: Learning about a Law of Physics
Laws of Motion

1. The Laws of motion is made up of 3 rules. Rule 1 is An object in rest will stay in

rest unless changed by an external force. Rule 2 is Force is equal to change in

momentum over time. This means the rate of change is directly proportional to the

amount of force applied. The third rule is, for every action in nature there is an

equal and opposite reaction.

2. Three examples of this would be:

a. If you have a ball in space that isn’t moving, it will never move unless

there were something to push it.

b. If you exert 5 newtons of force onto a motionless ball in space, the net

force will be equivalent to the change in momentum over time. It will

attain a net force of 5 newtons.

c. When you throw a ball, the amount of kinetic energy gained is equal to the

amount of potential energy lost.

Part 4: Explanation of Fermi’s Paradox and possible resolution

1. The Fermi Paradox is the idea that, although the Milky Way Galaxy has been around for

13.5 billion years, and there have been tons of other chances for a habitable planet to be

formed, there have been no signs of any other habitable planets inside our galaxy. This is

representing an idea of extraterrestrial life forms that should have had much more time to

develop as a species, and create technologies that should have been noticeable to us by
 now. It is a paradox because there is no evidence of any extraterrestrial life forms, but it

is seemingly impossible for there not to be any other life forms.

2. Here are 4 possible resolutions to this paradox.

a. There are filters of life that we have passed, and no other colony has. This is the

idea that, there have been other planets that may have started to develop an

intellectual civilization equivalent to ours in the past, but they have not past these

“filters” that our planet has. This then gives us the idea that we could possibly be

the first intellectual civilization in our galaxy, because we were the first to go

through these filters.

b. We constantly try to communicate to outer life and see if we get a response, but

we never have. However, this could just be based off the fact that our means of

communication and logic do not add up to theirs. Their methods of intergalactic

communication could be completely different because they created completely

different machinery, based off of completely different concepts, that we couldn’t

understand, and they couldn’t understand our concepts either.

c. Another solution could also pertain to communication. Our means of

communication are so primitive and simplistic compared to other civilizations,

that we have yet to develop the technology for means of communication with

these other civilizations, which have the technology that could be perceivable as

godlike.

d. Our civilization is considered very primitive and simplistic, so these much more

intelligent beings in the outer universe have no reason to attempt to contact us in

any way. They know we are there, but we don’t know that they’re there. They
could be so much more technologically advanced, that we are billions of years

behind in development compared to them and the knowledge they have.