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ANDROID APPLICATION TO HELP AMBULANCE REACH THE PATIENT IN TIME

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

In recent years the mobile has become the valuable part of the human beings. It is
necessary for human begins to have a powerful device which will provide all the facilities other
than basic facility available in mobile phones. Android provides such functionality which
enables the developers to design such applications which will make a simple mobile to smart
one. “Android is open source it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge
technologies as they emerge. The platform will continue to evolve as the developer community
works together to build innovative mobile applications.
Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of applications
in Smart Phones. These applications make life more comfortable and advanced for the users.
Hardware’s that support Android is mainly based on ARM architecture platform. Android
provides a rich application framework that allows you to build innovative applications and
games for mobile devices in a Java language environment.Android applications are composed of
one or more application components (activities, services, content providers, and broadcast
receivers).

1.1 Overview
An ambulance is a vehicle for transportation of sick or injured people to, from or between
places of treatment for an illness or injury. Ambulances can be grouped into types depending on
whether or not they transport patients, and under what conditions.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite radio navigation system developed by
the Department of Defense (DOD) owned by the United States Government (USG) and operated
by the United States Air Force (USAF).GPS has provided positioning, navigation, and timing
services to military and civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis since first launch in 1978.

Every second is valuable for the ambulance vehicle. There is loss of life due to the delay
in the arrival of the ambulance to the hospital in the golden hours.

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1.2 What the Project does?

With this Application, the ambulance can reach the patients quickly as location is given
through the app and can provide necessary medical attention required for the patient's health.

Fig 1.1: Proposed System Model

The app displays all the ambulances which have responded and which are nearby to the
spot of the accident or emergency. Our app provides an option for uploading medical history of
the user during registration. In order to avoid fake alerts and to know the severity of the situation a
camera option has been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot. When
there is no internet connection, an SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital and emergency
contacts stored by the user.
The ambulance personnel can also send the vital statistics of the patient to the hospital.
After reaching the accident spot, the ambulance personnel will be shown the nearby hospitals so
that the patient can be taken to the hospital quickly.
Upload of user medical history is made optional so that the user can activate emergency
for somebody else who doesn’t have this app too. The app will also provide the route information
of the ambulance to all its users who are travelling so that they can make way for the ambulance.

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1.3 Where it is used?


Every year India records millions of deaths due to unavailability of ambulances at the right
time or delay of the ambulance arrival due to improper communication.
In general an ambulance is supposed to reach the site within 10 minutes, but the Indian
average is about 18 minutes. During these situations the application can be used which prepares
you to respond to an emergency situation by simplifying the process of calling an ambulance.
Sending patient’s health information to the hospitals helps the hospital staff to get things ready
required for the treatment.

1.4 Organization of the project


The report is further organized into six chapters and result discussion. Here is the brief
description of the organization of these chapters.

Chapter 2: Literature survey: This will give the books, papers and other applications referred.

Chapter 3: System Requirement Specification: This chapter contains the specific requirements
as well as the hardware, the software requirement of the project and the analysis of the project.

Chapter 4: System Design: This chapter gives an overview of the system architecture, modules,
system flow and gives more information for the user to understand the logic.

Chapter 5: Implementation: This chapter gives the implementation requirements and detailed
description of algorithm used for implementing the system, database tables and the user interface
used for the application.

Chapter 6: Testing: This chapter gives the design of test cases, sample test cases related to the
project, test cases for each module.

Chapter 7: Result: This chapter gives the result discussion followed by conclusion, future
enhancements and references.

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile
devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which
Google backed financially and later bought in 2005.Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the
founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, Proceedings of National
Conference on New Horizons in IT - NCNHIT 2013 135 ISBN 978-93-82338-79-6software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android
is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. This open-source code
and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device
manufacturers. Additionally, Android has a large community of developers writing applications
("apps") that extend the functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized version of the
Java programming language.

2.1Survey Papers
2.1.1 Intelligent Ambulance Traffic Assistance System
(International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 8, 2013)
AUTHOR:Ronojoy Ghosh, Vivek Shah, Hitesh Agarwal, AshutoshBhushan, PrasunKanti
This paper is used to make ambulance reach the spot in time. There are 2 nodes. The
current location of the user is detected through GPRS. The destination is asked from the user.
Here we make use of shortest path algorithm to find out the ambulance that is closest to the user’s
location. Most of the time, the optimum path is chosen. The ambulances find it difficult to reach
the spot. Taking the patient to the hospital becomes a very difficult task. Given the traffic in our
country it’s hard for the ambulance to pass through. In order to resolve this issue, we change the
color of the traffic lights to green as the ambulance approaches the signal. All the traffic lights
except the one that will let the ambulance pass will be made red. The traffic lights will have a
Bluetooth scanner.

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2.1.2 A Review Paper on Design of GPS and GSM Based Intelligent


Ambulance Monitoring
(International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 7(Version 6), July
2014)
AUTHOR: Dr. Shantanu K. Dixit, Miss. Ashwini A. Joshi
Design of monitoring system for emergency patient transportation is done here. We develop
a system that’ll be installed inside the ambulance. The hospital keeps getting statistics about the
patient’s health condition. The hospital gets a live feed about the patient’s condition. We make
use of GPS to track the location of the ambulance. The hospital can thus make preparations.
Biomedical sensors are installed in the ambulance to keep track of the heartbeat rate and
temperature of the patient.

2.1.3 Smart Ambulance System


International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
National Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Networking (2016)
AUTHOR: Poonam Gupta, Satyasheel Pol, DharmanathRahatekar, Avanti Patil
Here we are trying to improve the response of the ambulance in case of an emergency.
We have 2 modules here. One module deals with location aspect of the system. Another module
deals with IOT for live feed of data. With this Application, the ambulance can reach the patients
as location is given through the app and can provide necessary equipment required for the
patient's health.

2.1.4 Development of Route Information System for Ambulance Services


using GPS and GIS
(International Journal of Geometrics and Geosciences Volume 2, No 1, 2011)
AUTHOR: Rajesh Kumar V, Benedict P
Here we make use of GPS to track the location of accident spot. The latitude and
longitude of the location will be sent to the ambulance driver. GPS only shows the route which
sometimes won’t be helpful enough. Thus we are making use of GIS (geographic information
systems). This gives a feel of the earth. It also gives as to how high the area is from the sea level.
It provides the geographic details of the earth.

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2.1.5 Review on Smart Traffic Control for Emergency Vehicles


(International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Vol. 112 – No. 7, Feb 2015)
AUTHOR: Megha A, HardikMewada, VirajChokski, M B Potdar
The idea behind this paper is to implement a system which would easily control the
traffic and helps for the emergency vehicles to reach at their destination. This scheme relies
completely on automatic intelligent control. Here the goal is to reduce the latency of emergency
vehicles with minimum or less disruption to regular traffic flow is possible.

2.1.6 Survey Paper on Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and Android
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET)
Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014
AUTHOR: Amol Dhumal, Amol Naikoji, YutikaPatwa, Manali Shilimkar, Prof. M. K. Nighot
In this paper, a GPS based vehicle tracking system is proposed for an organization to help
to find addresses of their vehicles and locate their positions on mobile devices. The organizations
are investing money in monitoring and tracking vehicles aiming at improving services and
ensuring the safety in cargos transports. The propose system will give the exact location of
vehicle with distance between user and vehicle. The proposal allows organizations to track real-
time information about their proposed vehicle during travel.

2.1.7 Global Positioning System for Object Tracking


(International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Vol. 109 – No. 8, Jan 2015)
AUTHOR:AbhaDamani, Hardik Shah, Krishna Shah, Manish Vala
Global Positioning System is globally used for the tracking and navigation purpose. GPS
is mainly used in the military, farming, civil, transportation and commercial users around the
world. Here in this review paper, we describe how GPS Tracking System works and where it is
useful in real world environment. We compare different algorithms like Localization algorithm,
Kalman filter algorithm and methodologies like GPS, GPRS, GSM, GIS, GSM and RFID. We
have identified some problems of GPS.

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2.1.8Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS


(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064 Volume 2
Issue 9, September 2013)
AUTHOR: Sathe Pooja
The paper describe a practical model for routing and tracking of mobile vehicles in a
large area outdoor environment based on the Global positioning system (GPS) and Global
system for mobile communication (GSM). The supporting device GPS continuously move with
the car and will calculate the co-ordinates of each position and when required by the owner it can
be communicated with the help of GSM modem which is installed in both Transmitter and
receiver section. GSM modem is controlled by a 32 bit ARM7 LPC2148. The device will collect
sposition to supervised center by the SMS (Short Message Service) or GPRS (General Package
radio service) and which can be located in the Google Earth and so the current position of the car
can be known.

2.1.9 A Queueing Model to Study Ambulance Offload Delays


A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the
degree of Master of Applied Science in Management Sciences Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008
AUTHOR: Mohammad Majedi

Almost all research to date has focused on either EMS or ED planning and operation and
as far as we are aware there are no models which have considered the coordination of these units.
We propose an analytical model which will allow us to analyze and explore the ambulance
offload delay problem. We use queuing theory to construct a system representing the interaction
of EMS and ED, and model the behavior of the system as a continuous time Markov chain. The
matrix geometric method will be used to numerically compute various system performance
measures under divergent conditions.

2.1.10Advanced Vehicle Tracking System on Google Earth Using GPS and


GSM
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) Vol. 6 number 3– Dec 2013
AUTHOR: HimaBindhuYanamadala

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The main aim of this project is designing a system which is capable of continuous
monitoring of path of the vehicle on PC with Google Earth Application. Here the important issue
is displaying the map on several various scales which are adopted by the users. The heart
elements in the implementation of this project are GPS, GSM and MCU. The GPS-GSM
integrated structure is designed to track the vehicles by using Google earth application.

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Chapter 3

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of a software system to be


developed, laying out functional and non-functional requirements. The specification may include
a set of use cases that describe interactions the users will have with the software.

3.1 Functional Requirements


The first type of requirement in software is the functional requirement. In this category,
developers list the functions that the software should be able to perform. These include input,
calculation, external interfaces, communications and special management information needs.
These are practically the functions that the users will be looking for in the software Functional
requirements are also called behavioural requirements because they address what the system
does. Functional requirement specification contains the way in which a given task is to be
performed, the results to be obtained as well as the elements of the functional entities.

Good functional requirements should be simple, easy to read, unambiguous, and


verifiable.

1. Very simple, user friendly and yet effective.

Our application is designed in such a way that every user should be comfortably using
that app. User interface of this application is very simply, user friendly, so that every user can
use this application well. User need not to have a special skill or knowledge to handle the
application.

2. The application gets activated when the power button is long pressed.

This application is designed to send the message to user’s contact list.

3. It will provide the GPS link along with the location of the accident spot.

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To track the accurate location of victim we are using Google GPS, instead of SP’s signal.
This GPS link obtained from Google GPS is attached in message and sent to the friends and
families contact number.

4. It will provide the patients information to the ambulance personnel.

Ambulance personnel can know the medical details of the patient and make preparations.

5. It also provides feature of taking the picture of the accident spot.

Ambulance personnel can know the severity of the situation and also knows the situation
is fake or real.

3.2 Non Functional Requirements


Non functional requirements are properties that the system must have such as security,
usability, testability, maintainability and scalability.

Security is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It applies to any
vulnerable and valuable asset, such as a person, dwelling, community, nation, or organization.

Usability is the ease of use and learn ability of a human-made object. The object of use
can be a software applications, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human
interacts with. A usability study may be conducted as a primary job function by a usability
analyst or as a secondary job function by designers, technical writers, marketing personnel, and
others.
Testability is the degree to which a software artifact (i.e. a software system, software
module, requirements- or design document) supports testing in a given test context. If the
testability of the software artifact is high, then finding faults in the system (if it has any) by
means of testing is easier.

Maintainability is the ease with which a product can be maintained in order to isolate
defects or their cause, correct defects or their cause, repair or replace faulty or worn-out
components without having to replace still-working parts, prevent unexpected breakdowns etc.
In some cases, maintainability involves a system of continuous improvement learning from the

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past in order to improve the ability to maintain systems, or improve reliability of systems based
on maintenance experience.

Scalability is the ability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of


work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate that growth. For example,
it can refer to the capability of a system to increase its total output under an increased load when
resources (typically hardware) are added.

3.3 System Requirements

The hardware and software components of a computer system are required to install and
use software efficiently. System requirements for operating systems will be hardware
components, while other application software will list both hardware and operating system
requirements. System requirements are most commonly seen listed as minimum and
recommended requirements.

3.3.1 Hardware Requirements


• 2GB Hard Disk

• 8GB RAM

• 200MHz processor

• Android Mobile Smart phone

3.3.2 Software Requirements


• The Java Development Kit (JDK version 1.8).

• The Android Studio 2.0 and above.

3.3.3 Used Technology

• Android technology is used.

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App requirements:
This app requires a smart phone with android version 3.0 and above, it requires internet
otherwise SMS sending should be enabled. The app should be given permission to turn on internet
and GPS.

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Chapter 4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 System Analysis


System is created to solve problems. One can think of the systems approach as an
organized way of dealing with a problem. System development can generally be thought of
having two major components: System Analysis and System Design. In system analysis more
emphasis is given to understanding the details of an existing system or a proposed one and then
deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system needs
improvements. Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a system, identifying
problems and using the information to recommend improvements to the system.
Analysis involves the requirement determination and specification. Basically it involves
establishing requirements for all system elements and then mapping these requirements to
software forms.
The traditional approach is to organize and convert the data through system flow charts,
with support future developments of the system and simplify communications with the users. But
the system flowchart represents the physical system rather than logical system.

4.2 System Architecture


The system architecture is a conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and
more views of a system. An architecture definition is a formal description and representation of a
system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the
system.

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Fig 4.1: System Architecture

The user after installing the app will have to register into the app and he/she will have to
enter their medical history and emergency contacts. This medical history gets uploaded to the
server.

Database: The database is hosted on a server. The database contains the medical history of the
patient, contact details of their family and friends. Using maps we can search the nearby hospitals
but maps doesn’t contain the names of all hospitals. Thus we are making a list of all hospitals in a
particular area and uploading it to the database. We are also providing an option for the user to
enter his preferred hospital.

GPS: The GPS concept is based on time and the known position of specialized satellites. The
satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized with one another and to ground
clocks. Any drift from true time maintained on the ground is corrected daily. Likewise, the
satellite locations are known with great precision. GPS receivers have clocks as well; however,
they are usually not synchronized with true time, and are less stable. GPS satellites continuously
transmit their current time and position. A GPS receiver monitors multiple satellites and solves
equations to determine the precise position of the receiver and its deviation from true time. At a

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minimum, four satellites must be in view of the receiver for it to compute four unknown
quantities (three position coordinates and clock deviation from satellite time).

SMS: An SMS gateway allows a computer to send or receive Short Message Service (SMS)
transmissions to or from a telecommunications network. Most messages are eventually routed
into the mobile phone networks. Many SMS gateways support media conversion from email and
other formats.

Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to
provide wireless high speed network connections. A common misconception is that the term Wi-
Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked
phrase that means IEEE 802.11x.

When there has been an accident the user activates emergency by pressing the power
button 3 times. On doing so, the current location of the user will be sent to the ambulances that are
nearby. The location of the ambulance will be determined through GPS. The app asks the user if
he wishes to send his details to the ambulance personnel. In order to avoid fake alerts a camera
option has been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot. The ambulance
personnel can also understand the severity of the situation and make preparations accordingly.

The user will be next shown the list of ambulances nearby. The user will also be shown
the ambulances that have responded and the route information of the ambulances. Once the
ambulance reaches the spot they can confirm that they have reached. By doing this other
ambulances will receive the message and they can attend to other emergencies .This app doesn’t
restrict the user to use it only for himself. If the user sees someone else in distress he can activate
emergency in his own smart phone. Because of this, we have made the upload of medical history
optional. The ambulance after reaching the spot and upon confirming that they have reached will
be shown a list of hospitals nearby so they can take the patient quickly to the hospital. They are
also given an option to upload the vital statistics of the patient to be sent to the hospital so that the
hospital staff can make necessary arrangements based on the condition of the patient.

App to App messaging: We are making use wifi to send the location of the user to the
ambulance. In order to fetch the data in the database hosted on the server we make use of wifi.

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Internet has wider reach compared to other communication technologies. This is the reason why
we have used it.
Offline mode: When there’s no internet connection the user may not get the required medical
attention. We make the app to work offline. An SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital that the
patient has given. The SMS will consist of the location of the user described in terms of latitude
and longitude. The same SMS will also be sent to the patient’s family and friends.

4.3 High level design

A high level design gives an overview of the system. However, this gives more
information for the user to understand the logic. Here, we see the basic knowledge about the
system design and architecture. Following are the issues that we see in this part which are the
primary components for a design.

High level design discusses an overview of our system should work and top level components
that compresses the proposed solutions. It should have very little details about implementation i.e,
no explicit class definitions and in cases not even details such as data base types ( relational or
object) and programming language and platform.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM


 The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be
used to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried
out on this data, and the output data is generated by this system.
 The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools. It is used to
model the system components. These components are the system process, the data used
by the process, an external entity that interacts with the system and the information flows
in the system.
 DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is modified by a
series of transformations. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the
transformations that are applied as data moves from input to output.

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 DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any
level of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing
information flow and functional detail.

Fig 4.2: Data Flow Diagram

The new user has to register himself first. Every time he wishes to update or modify the
medical details he has to login. This is to keep his medical details tamper proof. When
emergency is activated the user can upload his medical details which will be sent to the
ambulance personnel. Now the app runs in the background. When emergency is activated a
request will be sent to the ambulance personnel alongwith location. If the user is offline then his
location will be sent as SMS message to the ambulance personnel. The app will display the
ambulances that have responded, to the user. The ambulance arrives at the spot and the patient is
taken to the hospital. The ambulance personnel will be shown the nearby hospitals to help take
the patient to the hospital quickly.

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4.4 Low Level Design

A low level description is one that describes individual components, provides details rather
than overview, rudimentary functions rather overview, rudimentary functions rather than complex
overall once, and is typically more concerned with individual components within the system and
how they operate. It is also known as detailed design is used to design internals of the individual
modules identified during high level design i.e., data structure and algorithms of the modules are
designed and documented.

//flow chart

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4.4.1 Use Case Diagram

A use case corresponds to a sequence of transactions, in which each transaction is


invoked from outside the system (actors) and engages internal objects to interact with one
another and with the system surroundings. The description of a use case defines what happens in
the system when the use case is performed. In essence, the use case model defines the outside
(actors) and inside (use case) of the system behaviour. It is a simplest representation of a user’s
interaction with the system and depicting the specification of the use case. A use case diagram
can portray the different types of users of a system and the case and will often be accompanied
by other types of diagrams as well. Use case diagrams are in fact two fold-they are both
behaviour diagrams, because they describe behaviour of the system and they are also structure
diagrams- as a special case of class diagram where classifiers are restricted to be either actors or
use cases related to each other with association.

// figure use case diagram

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A use case describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an
actor and is drawn as a horizontal ellipse.

Actors

An actor is a person, organization, or external system that plays a role in one or more
interactions with the system.

System boundary boxes

A rectangle is drawn around the use cases, called the system boundary box, to indicate
the scope of system. Anything within the box represents functionality that is in scope.

4.5 System Module Design

Module 1: User Login and Registration

Fig 4.5: User Login and Registration

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Here the user should do login process during installation of our app .The user login to
our app by providing user name and password. The user should also provide first name, last
name, email id, phone number, and their friends and family contact number. This personal details
of user and user name, password used during registration process will be stored in database .

Module 2: User Health Information Upload

Fig 4.6: User Health Information Upload

Here user will be provided option to enter their medical history. If they have problems
like BP, Diabetes ,Cardiac disease or any other problems. These details will be stored in database
for future access.

Module3: Ambulance Respond

Fig 4.7: Ambulance Respond

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Here the users when activated the emergency button, the user location or area of
emergency spot will be sent to nearby ambulances using GPS. The nearby ambulances which are
responding and approaching the spot of emergency will be displayed at user side of app. If user
of app is in emergency then the medical details of user will sent to ambulances otherwise only
location will be sent to ambulance.

Module4: Ambulance Login and Registration

Fig 4.8: Ambulance Login and Registration

Here the ambulance side of users should login before using the app. Using user name and
password the user should do registration process .The user name and password will be sent to
database.

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Module 5: Ambulance Upload User Information

Fig 4.9: Ambulance Upload User Information

Here the ambulance will be provided option for upload the patients vital status and
patients information to the nearby hospitals while taking the patient to the nearby hospital.

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Chapter 5
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation phase of software development is concerned with translating design
specification into source code. The primary goal of software implementation is production of
source code that is easy to read and understood. Source code clarity is enhanced by structural
coding techniques.

Program codes are written following the structured coding technique, which shows the
control flow, so that the execution sequence follows the sequence in which codes are written.
This enhances the readability of code, which eases understanding, debugging ,testing
documentation, and modification of the programs.

5.1 Control flow

//control flow diagram

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5.2 Pseudo Code


1. In Main Activity first access to external storage is requested. Read and write permissions
to external storage should be granted. Latitude and Longitude of the user is displayed.

 Public void on Request Permissions Result()


Check if GPS is enabled and get location of the user. If not ask the user to turn on
GPS.

 Public static void initDir()


Create a folder in the phone’s SD card called ambulance where medical details will
be stored here.

 Public static string readFile(String filePath)


Read the contents of the folder /SDcard/ambulance.

 Public onBackpressed()
Return to previous screen.

 Public static void write_to_file()


The medical details entered by user will be written to /SDcard/ambulance here.

 Private Boolean isNetworkAvailable()


Check connectivity of the network.

 Private Boolean checkAndRequestPermission()


Check and request permissions for accessing camera, external storage, location,
network, wifi and SMS.

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2. In medical details activity the medical details of the user is stored to the server like Blood
group, BP, diabetes, heart attack, paralysis.

 public booleancheckDrawOverlayPermission()

Overlay should be permitted. The app should be allowed to draw over other apps.

 public void alertMessage()

A dialog box will be opened when we press send info. This asks whether we wish
to send our info or others’ info

 private Bitmap getBitmap(String path)

This is to adjust the size of the image captured. max Height and width values of the
compressed image is taken as 816x612

 public String getFilename()

The image is fetched from the device folder.

 public void statusCheck()

The on and off status of gps is checked.

 private void buildAlertMessageNoGps()

An alert message will appear if gps is disabled. It asks whether you wish to enable
GPS or not. If yes is pressed it will enable itself.

3. In user registration activity we are taking care of the registration of the user.

 public class UserRegistrationActivity extends AppCompatActivity()

The user should enter details such as name, age, address and choose gender. The user
also should enter friend or family contact number. In case of emergency this contact

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number will be sent the location of the user. If the contact number entered is less than 10
digits an error will be shown. If any fields are empty then an error message will be
displayed. A submit button is provided at the end.

4. In single list item activity.


The database that's hosted on the server is updated according to the updates the
user makes to the medical history details.

 removeitem ()
Removes the items from the list.

5. In Powerbutton activation
Long pressing power button activates emergency. The user details will be fetched
from server. The user’s latitude and longitude will be fetched.

 public static void sendSMSMessage(double lat, double lng, String address)

An SMS will be sent to our contacts that we have entered in the user details. The
message will have the latitude and longitude of the user’s location along with a text “Pls
Help! I am near”

 public static void displayToast(final String msg)

Then a messeage will be displayed saying that SMS has been sent.

 public static void Notifiy(String message)

After the ambulance has responded a notification will be received by the user. The
system should’ve allowed notifications.

6. In websocket client endpoint activity


Handshaking begins when one device sends a message to other device indicating
that it wants to establish a communication channel. The two devices then send several
messages back and forth that enable them to agree on a communication protocol. After

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establishing communication with a server the client can access the contents uploaded into
the server.

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Chapter 6

SYSTEM TESTING

6.1 Testing Description


The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the
process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the

Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an
unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing
requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS
Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately
to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

Integration testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is
correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

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Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:


Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.
Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or
special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows;
data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing.
Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of
current tests is determined.
System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.
White Box Testing
White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the
inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is
used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.
Black Box Testing
Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,
must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software
under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

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6.2 Test case table for each module

Table 6.1 Test Cases

TEST STEPS

TEST TEST TEST CASE


TEST EXPECTED ACTUAL RESULT
CASE DESCRIPTION
CASE ID STEP OUTPUT OUTPUT
NAME
NO.

The
TC1 The application
Turn on the Long press the application
Emergency STEP should be
emergency. power button. should be Pass
activation 1 activated.
activated.

TC2 Turn on the Execute or run


Send device Send device
Run the application the application Pass
STEP location to location to
application the GPS the GPS
1

Check
whether the
user is able
TC3 User User
to see two Click the Pass
STEP registration registration
First user buttons i.e., “Register user”
1 form should form should
interface Register button.
be displayed. be displayed.
user and
Register
ambulance.

Click the Hospital Hospital


“Register STEP registration registration
Pass
ambulance” 2 form should form should
button. be displayed. be displayed.

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Enter the user The user The user


Check
name, age, registration registration
TC4 whether
gender, form should form should
user is able
User friend/family STEP be displayed be displayed
to log into Pass
registration contact number, 1 and the and the
the user
screen address and fields should fields should
registration
then click accept the accept the
screen.
submit button. data entered. data entered.

The fields The fields


Enter the should should
medical details accept the accept the
like blood medical medical
group, BP, STEP details details
Pass
Diabetes or any 2 entered by entered by
other issues and the user and the user and
press “save” data should data should
button. be saver in be saver in
the server. the server.

Check
A message A message
whether the
TC5 should be should be
user is able
displayed displayed
User to see the
Click on “send STEP saying saying
response “send info” Pass
info” button. 1 whether to whether to
during button to
send your send your
emergency respond to
data or data or
the
others. others.
emergency.

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The user’s The user’s


medical medical
By selecting
details details
mine option the
should be should be
user
uploaded uploaded
information
and the user and the user
should be
STEP should be should be
uploaded to Pass
2 able to take able to take
server and sent
the picture. the picture.
to the
And an SMS And an SMS
ambulance. The
will be sent will be sent
camera should
to the to the
be turned on.
friend/family friend/family
contacts. contacts.

By selecting
others option,
the control The user The user
should STEP should be should be
Pass
automatically 3 able to take able to take
go to the the picture. the picture.
camera to take
the picture.

Within few Within few


Once the minutes the minutes the
ambulance user can see user can see
responds the STEP the GPS map the GPS map Pass
user can see the 4 showing all showing all
GPS route of all the the
the ambulances. ambulances ambulances
nearby that nearby that

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have have
responded. responded.

Check The The Pass


whether the ambulance ambulance
ambulance Enter the name driver driver
driver is of the should be should be
TC6 able to log ambulance able to able to

Ambulance on to the driver, contact successfully successfully


STEP1
Registration registration number and register and register and

screen form by address and should be should be


click the click submit able to see able to see
“Register button. the the
Ambulance” notification notification
button. if any. if any.

The driver The driver Pass


Check
should be should be
whether the
TC7 able to see able to see
driver is Click the
STEP the location the location
Ambulance able to see “notification”
1 of the of the
notification the button.
accident spot accident spot
notification
and click on and click on
or none.
the location. the location.

Check Click the The driver The driver Pass


whether the “accept” button should be should be
TC8
driver is to get the GPS STEP able to see able to see
Ambulance able to see map and also 1 the GPS map the GPS map
response the patient’s can search the showing the showing the
details to nearby location of location of
know the hospitals and the accident the accident

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patient’s decide which spot. Should spot. Should


condition hospital to take be able to be able to
and three the patient. search the search the
buttons i.e., nearby nearby
Accept, hospitals and hospitals and
Decline and choose the choose the
Reached. nearest nearest
hospital. hospital.

Click the The driver The driver Pass


“decline” should be should be
button if in case STEP able to go able to go
the driver 2 back to the back to the
doesn’t want to notification notification
respond. page. page.

The driver The driver Pass


should be should be
able to click able to click
the reached the reached
button, thus button, thus
Click the informing informing
“Reached” other other
button when the STEP ambulances ambulances
ambulance as 3 to retrieve to retrieve
reached the back and it back and it
spot. has reached has reached
the accident the accident
spot. And spot. And
also remove also remove
the patient’s the patient’s
info from the info from the

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notification. notification.

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Chapter 7

RESULTS
7.1 Snapshots

Fig1: Giving permission to access GPS Fig2: Registering as user or ambulance

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Fig3: After registering as user enter person Fig4: Enter user medical details
information

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Fig5: Save medical details or send it to ambulance Fig6: Send medical details of self or
personnel others to ambulance personnel

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Fig7: camera feature to take a snap of Fig8: Offline feature for sending SMS to
accident spot. friends and family showing location of
accident spot.

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Fig9: Location sent by SMS is shown in


maps

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Fig10: Registering as user or ambulance Fig11: After registering as ambulance


enter ambulance information.

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Fig12: when emergency is activated by Fig13: The information of the person


user his details will be displayed to who is in emergency will be displayed
ambulance personnel. to ambulance personnel.

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Fig 14: Location of the accident spot. Fig 15: Ambulance personnel can
accept or decline to go to the spot.

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Fig 16: After accepting the Fig 17: The route can be shown
connection from the accident spot and direction can be shown.
will be made.

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Fig 17: The best route from the


accident spot is shown.

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CONCLUSION

 An application is developed that helps the ambulance reach the patient in time and saves
the life.
 The app will display all the ambulances which have responded and which are nearby to
the spot of the accident or emergency.
 Once the ambulance reaches the spot and picks up the patient, the ambulance will upload
the information which will be read by the hospital personal and keep everything ready if
it is really critical.
 In order to avoid fake alerts and to know the severity of the situation a camera option has
been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot
 When there is no internet connection, an SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital and
emergency contacts that the user has stored.
 The app also will provide the route information of the ambulance to all its users who are
travelling so that they can make way for the ambulance.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

 Future scope of this project can be planned by using some of the similar concepts used in
this project.
 We can even add a sensor to the vehicles which automatically detects the accident and
triggers the emergency button.
 In order to save lives there are many other factors which can be taken into consideration.
Traffic is one of the most serious issues faced in day to day life. This can create delay for
the ambulance to reach the hospital.
 Traffic police can help in this if they know the ambulance’s current location in advance.
 For the same, traffic police will be provided with an application which shows the current
location of ambulance through GPS. Henceforth, traffic police will be able to clear the
traffic in prior making way for the ambulance.

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REFERENCES

[1]Ronojoy Ghosh, AshutoshBhushan, Vivek Shah, PrasunKanti Gosh, Hitesh Agarwal


“Intelligent Ambulance Traffic Assistance System” (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced
Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 8, 2013.
[2] MeghaA.Tank, HardikMewada,VirajChokshi, M.B Potadar “Review on Smart Traffic Control
for Emergency Vehicles” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume
112 – No. 7, February 2015.

[3] Miss.Dr. Shantanu K. Dixit, Miss. Ashwini A. Joshi “A Review Paper on Design of GPS and
GSM Based Intelligent Ambulance Monitoring “Int. Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications.ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 6), July 2014, pp.101-103.

[4] Poonam Gupta,SatyasheelPol,DharmanathRahatekar,AvantiPatil “Smart Ambulance System”


International Journal of Computer Applications (0975– 8887) National Conference on Advances
in Computing, Communication and Networking (ACCNet – 2016).

[5] Rajesh Kumar Benedict “Development of Route Information System for Ambulance Services
using GPS and GIS – A study on Thanjavur town” International journal of geomatics and
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[6]A Geo casting Application for Ambulance Service Pei- HsuanLee, Tsung-Chuan Huang
,National TsunYatsen university 2014.

[7]Data Mining Based on the Emergency Medical Databasethe Association between the Reason
of Calling Ambulance Service and the Medical History of Patients, Jhe-Nan lin, etc, National
Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences., 2011.

[8]A Smart Ambulance for the Synchronized Health Care –A service Oriented Device
Architecture-Based VeeramuthuVenkatesh, etc, Sify Software limited, 2012.

[9]Impact of Ambulance Dispatch Policies on Performance of Emergency Medical Services


Cheng Siong Lim, IEEE, June 2011.

[10]Low Cost Ambulance For Developing Countries, R A Dennis, Dev Tech @ Imperial.ac.uk,
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[11] A Smart Phone-Based Pocket Fall Accident Detection, Positioning, and Rescue System
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2014.
[12] Smart Phone Based Enhancement In Health Services Using GPS Imperial Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-3, 2016.
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[15] Automatic Ambulance Rescue System Using Shortest Path Finding Algorithm International
Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 2012.
[16] An Approach towards Traffic Management System using Density Calculation and
Emergency Vehicle Alert IOSR Journal of Computer Science (IOSR-JCE).
[17] GPS Based Shortest Path for Ambulances using VANETs International Conference on
Wireless Networks (ICWN 2012).
[18] E. Commission, e-call: automated emergency call for road accidents mandatory in cars
2014.
[19] Vehicle positioning using GSM and cascade connected and structure IEEE transaction on
intelligent transportation system volume 14 No.1 March 2013.
[20] Accident Emergency Response and Routing Software (AERARS) using Genetic Algorithm
International journal on Computer Science and Engineering 2011.
[21] Implementation of Location based Services in Android using GPS and Web Services IJCSI
International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, 2012.
[22] Hi-Fi Traffic Clearance Technique for Life Saving Vehicles using Differential GPS System
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 2011.
[23] Automatic Accident Detection And Ambulance Rescue with Intelligent Traffic Light
System International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering 2013.
[24] An Information System for the Effective Management of Ambulances Department of
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Journal of Mechanics & Industry Research 2013.

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[26] Andersson, T., and V¨arbrand, P. 2007. Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and
relocation. Journal of the Operational Research Society 58:195–201. 2013.

[27] Beraldi, P.; Bruni, M.; and Conforti, D. 2004. Designing robust emergency medical service
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[28] Bertsekas, D. P. 1999. Nonlinear programming. Athena Scientific. Boyd, S.;Xiao, L., and
Mutapcic, A. 2003. Subgradient methods.
[29] Brotcorne, L.; Laporte, G.; and Semet, F. 2003. Ambulance location and relocation models.
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[30] Charnes, A., and Cooper, W. W. 1959. Chance-constrained programming. Management
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[31] Gendreau, M.; Laporte, G.; and Semet, F. 2001. A dynamic model and parallel tabu search
heuristic for real-time ambulance relocation. Parallel computing 27(12):1641–1653. 2009. Hong
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[32] Ibri, S.; Nourelfath, M.; and Drias, H. 2012. A multi-agent approach for integrated
emergency vehicle dispatching and covering problem. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 25(3):554–565.
[34] Kumar, A.; Wu, X.; and Zilberstein, S. 2012. Lagrangian relaxation techniques for scalable
spatial conservation planning. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, 309–315.
[35] Liu, Y.; Yuan, Y.; hui Li, Y.; and Pang, H. 2013. A chance constrained programming model
for reliable emergency vehicles relocation problem. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
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programming for ambulance redeployment. INFORMS Journal on Computing 22(2):266–281.
2010. National fire protection association of united states.

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APPENDIX A

A.1 Android

Android is a mobile operating system that is based on modified version of Linux. It was
originally developed by a start-up of the same name, Android, Inc. In 2005, as part of its strategy
to enter the mobile space; Google purchased Android and took over its development work.

Google wanted Android to be open and free; hence most of the Android code was
released under the open source Apache License, which means that anyone who wants to use
Android can do so by downloading the full Android source code.

The main advantage of adopting Android is that it offers a unified approach to application
development. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to
run on numerous different devices, as long as the devices are powered using android.

A.2 Features of Android

A android is an open source and freely available to the manufacturers for customization,
there are no fixed hardware or software configuration. Android supports the following features:

1. Storage:Uses SQLite, a light weight relational database, for data storage.


2. Connectivity: Supports GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UTMS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
LTE and WiMAX.
3. Messaging: Supports both SMS and MMS.
4. Media Support: Accelerometer Sensor, Camera, Digital Compass, Proximity Sensors
and GPS.
5. Multi-touch: Supports multi-touch screens.
6. Multi-tasking: Supports multi-tasking applications.
7. Flash support: Android 2.3 supports Flash 10.1
8. Tethering: Supports sharing of internet connection as a wired/wireless hotspot.

A.3 Architecture of Android

The Android OS is roughly divided into five sections in four main layers:

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1. Linux Kernel: Thisis the kernel on which Android is based. This layer contains all the
low level drivers for the various hardware components of an Android device.
2. Libraries: These contain all the code that provides the main features of an Android OS.
For example, the SQLite Library provides database support so that an application can use
it for data storage. The WebKit library provides functionalities of web browsing.
3. Android runtime: At the same layer as the libraries, the Android runtime provides a set
of core libraries that enable developers to write Android apps using java programming
language. The Android runtime also includes the Dalvik virtual machine, which enables
every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik
virtual machine. Dalvik is specialized devices with limited memory and CPU.
4. Application framework: Exposes the various capabilities of the Android OS to
application developers so that they can make use of them in their applications.
5. Application: At this top layer, you will find applications that ship with the Android
device, as well as applications that you download and install form the Android market.

The architecture of android is as shown in figure A.2

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Fig A.2: Architecture of Android

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