Professional Documents
Culture Documents
© Copyright 2009 by National Institute of Steel Detailing and Steel Erectors Association of America
All rights reserved.
www.nisd.org www.seaa.net
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Disclaimer
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TABLE of CONTENTS
-TABLE OF CONTENTS I
-PREAMBLE II
-THE TEAM III
-PRE-DRAFTING IV
-CHECKLIST V
02/09 I
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02/09 I
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-REFERENCES VI
-CONCLUSIONS VII
-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII
-SKETCHES on CD (Inside of front cover) IX
02/09 I
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PREAMBLE
The growing trends towards “Design-Build” and “Fast-Track” methods of construction
have made it more important than ever that the cooperation between members of the steel
industry become even more concentrated. The ever-increasing demands from insurance
and bonding interests as well as codifying bodies and government regulators only serve to
emphasize the need for unification. To that end the NISD and SEAA have partnered in the
production of this manual. The intent is to permit detailers and erectors together to better
provide structures that are safer, timely, and more erectable, and to promote the use of
structural steel as the material of choice. At the same time the impact of those demands on
all of us associated in the steel community must be minimized if we are to be successful in
reaching our goals. By working together we can satisfy our purpose of achieving
successful project completion that provides a quality product that is accident free, efficient,
productive and profitable for all involved.
Following are a number of suggested concepts, hints and illustrations for erection
procedures, which have been based on the OSHA 2001(29 CFR 1926.750 thru 761) new
steel erection standard and the combined experience of SEAA and NISD members. None
of the information presented in this guide is meant to supersede project-specific contracts,
codes, specifications, or government regulations. Readers are encouraged to refer to the
AISC Code of Standard Practice, the AISC Erector Certification Program, the NISD
Industry Standard publication and the AISC “New OSHA Rules Advisory” for additional
resources. Also, the NISD Guidelines For The Successful Presentation of Steel Design
Documents and the AISC publication Working With Structural Steel In Schedule Driven
Projects will provide valuable insight. In all cases the role and responsibility of the design
engineer of record is paramount to the proper utilization and approval of the actual use of
any information contained herein.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared for general information
only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon
for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of
its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or
architect. The publication material contained herein, is not intended as a representation or
warranty on the part of the National Institute of Steel Detailing Inc. or the Steel Erectors
Association of America Inc. or of any other person named herein, that this information is
suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or
patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use.
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THE TEAM
Successful steel project completion depends on the cooperative activities of many players.
The owner, the architect, the engineer, the controlling contractor, the fabricator, the detailer,
the independent suppliers, and the erector all play significant roles. This guideline will focus
mainly on the contributions of the detailer and the erector; often two of the last participants to
be brought onboard, yet two of the key players in the success of the project.
The detailer is often described as an interpreter. He is the “lead off man” on many projects
and is often the first to interface with the architect/engineer drawings. His responsibility is to
correctly interpret the design information and to relay that data, in the form of shop and field
drawings, to the approving agent, the fabricator, and the erector. The exacting nature of the
detailer’s work, which requires “zero-defect” production, must account for every piece of
steel on the job. He must utilize the design information to produce mill orders and to produce
error-free shop drawings. The detailer must provide the erector with not only member
placement drawings but also with the assurance that every piece of steel has been detailed, in
proper sequence, and that the steel is safely erectable with connections that match, clearances
considered, bolt placement possible and all special requirements recognized.
If the detailer is one of the first to begin the arduous task of providing successful steel
projects, the erector is the last. It is the erector who must make it all come together in the
field and the one who is the recipient of any errors or omissions which any of the preceding
players may have made. His job, no matter the weather or how challenging the conditions; is
to not only bring all the pieces of steel together but to do so with all due consideration to the
education and safety of the workers on the job.
To permit these players to better accomplish their tasks, communication becomes of utmost
importance. Not only must the erector and detailer communicate with each other but the
other players must also be involved. Owners should bring all of the players on board as soon
as possible and encourage “kick-off” meetings to permit the players to begin to form a team
so that communication flows freely and all hands are working towards the common goal.
Concepts, methods, and plans must be agreed on; not to mention scheduling. With all players
contributing to the best of their ability, from original contract documents to final bolt
placement, our project can be brought to the successful completion we all desire.
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PRE – DRAFTING
Prior to the start of the detailing process, we suggest that (at a kick-off meeting, if possible) the
following checklist items be considered:
1) Sequence & schedule of erection: Grid lines, floors, derricking, size, tonnage.
2) Shipping requirements: Site layout, access and lay-down area, splice requirements, and
shipping methods.
4a) Types of Connection: (e.g. seated, shear-tab, moment, girts hung or seated, etc.)
4b) Bolting requirements: (e.g. types, installation “snug-tight”, “slip critical”, Direct Tension
Indicators (DTI), etc., clearance for torque guns or tools.
11) Erectability: bolt access, shop assemblies, clearances for torque guns, hands and tools,
leveling devices.
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CHECKLIST
1) Sequence: Erector/Contractor must establish, prior to commencement of work,
the sequencing so that material may be ordered and members detailed in proper
order. Detailer must indicate on mill lists, shop drawings, and member placement
drawings (plans and elevations) the required sequence. Revisions to the chain of
sequence are expensive in terms of time and money.
2) Shipping: The erector may visit the site prior to bidding to establish what, if any,
special conditions exist which are not indicated on the contract documents,
however it is the controlling contractors responsibility to provide site access or
advise if it is not available. In the event conditions warrant special considerations
such as splicing, shipping methods, etc., the erector must advise the detailer and
fabricator in a timely manner. Suggested resolution, design and/or approval of the
special situation must be reviewed by the appropriate parties.
3) Cranes: The erector must notify the detailer and others if there are any special
requirements due to crane reach, availability, or capacity that will affect someone
else’s particular operation. Critical lifts of large members, or irregular shapes,
lifting lugs, and/or lifting locations should be defined and the detailer advised so
that this information may be given on the drawings if necessary. Provided the
erector's directives are received in a timely fashion, the detailer and fabricator
should consult with the erector and define a plan of how best to proceed. If the
center of gravity must be defined the design engineer should provide this
information. The erector may request that the detailer show lifting weights or
crane locations on the member placement drawings.
4) Types of Connections: If and when connection types are not dictated on the
design documents the fabricator, detailer, and erector must consult as to what type
of connection(s) will be utilized and whose responsibility is the adequacy of the
connection; are moment connections field bolted or welded? Are beam to column
webs seated and how much tolerance should be allowed to prohibit column
leaning in multiple bays: Will girt connections at columns be seated or hung?
How are spandrels and kickers treated?
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5) Bolting: The required type and number of bolts is the responsibility of the design
engineer. However, the detailer must insure that these bolts can not only be
entered, but that they can also be tightened. Care must be taken to avoid bolt to
bolt interference. Latest bolt specifications must be incorporated. The erector
must be made aware of the type of bolt being furnished, the number of washers
required and the method of tightening. The introduction of Tension Control Bolts
(TCB) and Load Indicator Washers (LIW) has helped the erector to know he has
achieved specification requirements. Bolting instructions and requirements must
be noted. Bolt placement lists must be accurate and precise.
6a) Joist OSHA mandates that when columns are not framed in at least two (2)
directions with solid members (beams or joist girders) a vertical stabilizer plate
shall be provided on each column for an OSHA required bolted steel joist. This
plate must be a minimum of 6 inches by 6 inches and located 3 inches below the
bottom of the joist with one 13/16 inch diameter hole for guying or plumbing
cables.
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6b) Fall Protection: The most common, if not most important, issue is that of
fall protection. Multistory structures require guardrail cable at the floor perimeter
and at large interior floor and roof openings. While the erector has been providing
these devices for years it is required by OSHA 2001 that this be incorporated into
the shop details. The method to accomplish this protection should be agreed upon
prior to commencement of detailing. The erector may desire that shear studs or
other items be shop attached rather than field applied. In these cases adequate fall
protection must be provided and detailer/fabricator notified prior to detailing.
6c) Column Splices: The column length should be designed on the contract
documents. In cases where they are not, for structures of one or two stories (with
or without a basement), a column length in excess of 40 feet is quite long. While
the erector might prefer long columns, and would find a way stabilize them with
bracing or framing, it may be necessary for safety or shipping purposes to splice
the columns. The detailer should consult with the erector to determine if, and
where, a splice may be required. The designer and fabricator should also be
contacted to give approval and design of the requested splice.
When splicing columns on multistory projects, OSHA has mandated that columns
be spliced 4 feet above the finished floor elevation. This permits the required
perimeter cable to be installed at the necessary heights. Bolted splices are
preferred, but when welded splices are used the 4 feet allows the erector/welder to
work in a safe, comfortable position. When welded splices are utilized always
prepare the upper column for welding. Tiered columns should always have a
lifting device or a hole at the top of the shaft for attaching the hoisting mechanism
or cable.
6d) Column Bases: OSHA 2001 requires that all columns now have a minimum
of 4 anchor bolts. The detailer should reference to the contract documents to
determine how much, if any, over-sizing of anchor rod holes should be provided.
The use of leveling devices and what type should also be discussed with the
erector.
6e) Beam to Column Connections: per OSHA 2001 directives, all double
connections at column webs or beam webs over columns must have staggered clip
angles or a beam seat or a top flange clip angle. Where not possible to provide
these safety connections, the detailer is required by OSHA to add a note of
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warning to the erector on the member placement drawings. Deck supports may be
required at deck cutouts near beam to beam or beam to column connections.
Consult with the erector, fabricator, detailer, and clients to preferred method.
6f) Bracing: A minimum of one bolt at each end of a solid web bracing member
shall be used, as directed by OSHA 2001. Holes for erection bolts are required at
welded tube bracing. Provide a 1/8 inch oversized slot for erection clearance over
gusset and resize the welds accordingly. Check for bolt insertion clearance at
gusset plates, end plates, etc. Keep gusset plates to a minimum size by utilizing
the uniform force method unless otherwise directed by the contract documents.
7) Field Welding: The erector must advise the detailer prior to shop drawing
preparation what type of field welds are desired so that end preparations, root
openings etc. may be properly detailed. It is the responsibility of the contract
documents, not the erector, to advise the detailer of what and where any NDT is
required so that the detailer can identify those areas on the member placement
diagrams if requested. Special requirements for seismic considerations should be
reviewed.
9) Value Engineering: Erectors, detailers, fabricators and others may desire certain
changes be made to the contract documents in order to expedite their portion of
the work or to make the design more suitable to their particular operation. There
may also be instances where an experienced firm may discover certain changes
where, if incorporated, can be beneficial to the firm, the project’s owner, or both.
Certain changes may also make the bids more competitive or improve the safety
conditions for a supplier. In any event, these changes should naturally be
requested as early as possible, prior to bid time if permitted.
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10) Responsibility: To ensure that all members of the team are treated fairly it must
be remembered that any required or requested changes which differ from
information given in the design documents may have an impact financially on
other members of the team. It should also be remembered that these changes may
result in additional engineering calculations or approvals and possible schedule
adjustments. We highly recommend that the proponent of the change
communicate with the other players to insure that no one is unfairly jeopardized.
11) Erectability: Last, but not least on our checklist of items to be considered, is the
erectability of the member. Can the bolts be entered and driven? Should certain
pieces be shop assembled? Can the member be swung into place or do stiffeners,
cap plates, connection angles, doubler plates or other items interfere? Are special
notes required? Will the mechanical openings be available prior to installation of
deck and siding? The ever growing use by the detailer of reproductions of the
design documents as member placement plans require certain cautions by the
detailer: is the required erection information fully shown? Is the drawing legible
in the field or is it cluttered with superfluous information? (shop information,
concrete data, sections and views taken without cross reference to where/from
each section or view is cut, or references to drawings not included in the member
placement drawing being used by the erector).
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REFERENCES
This document takes references to the following steel industry documents:
02/09
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CONCLUSIONS
W e hope that this document has furnished a greater understanding of those items
which erectors and detailers find necessary for the safe and efficient
completion of steel projects. We sincerely hope as well, that you also have gained a
greater understanding of the positive contribution that the NISD and the SEAA wish
to make by more clearly defining information needed to complete our part of such
project. To that end, we believe that we have provided a road map leading to the safe
and successful completion of a structural steel frame.
The Editors
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document would have not been possible without the dedicated work of
those who devoted countless unpaid hours of research, meetings, sketching,
arguing over, polishing and finally editing for the benefit of the end
users…you.
The Editors
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SKETCHES PRINTED or on CD
In an effort to disseminate information contained in this guide and to lead
towards a standardization of practices in the industry, we have provided you,
the end user, with a CD-ROM containing ©AutoCAD .dwg format files of the
sketches shown within this document .
The more you use them, the better the industry will perform and benefit by
making steel the material of choice for structures.
The Editors
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02/09 IX
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02/09 IX
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Your Comments:
02/09
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NOTES
02/09
steel erectors
association
of america
SEAA
2216 West Meadowview Road
Suite 115
Greensboro, NC 27407
336.294.8880 phone
413.208.6936 fax
executivedirector@seaa.net
www.seaa.net
BECOME
A MEMBER
of the Steel Erectors
Association of America
The Steel Erectors Association of America is dedicated to
advancing the common interest and needs of all engaged
in building with steel. Established in 1972, the non-profit
association works to promote safety, education and
training through comprehensive programs developed by
"erectors for erectors".
SEAA
SEAA MEMBER BENEFITS
The Steel Erectors Association of America (SEAA) is an active participant in the development and promotion of the industry Safety
Standards that impact the commercial construction industry. SEAA has developed partnerships and alliances with OSHA and other
Standard Committees across the USA. The members of SEAA are affiliated steel erectors, fabricators, architects, engineers, detailers,
code officials, suppliers, manufacturers and service companies.
industry representation application for Please check all categories that apply.
Working together SEAA members meet with numerous government agencies and membership
standards committees including: erectors (see scale)
Firm Name Structural steel, steel joists
Prefabricated building and/or siding
Your Name
Reinforcing steel and/or post tensioning
Title Miscellaneous metals, stairs, ornamental iron
Precast concrete - structural
www.ABC.org www.NCCCO.org www.OSHA.gov www.tca.org www.NISD.org Physical Address
Precast concrete - architectural
City Metal deck
State Zip fabricators ($750)
Structural steel
Phone Steel joists - supplier and/or sales
www.AISC.org www.NCCER.org www.SJI.org www.ASA/STAC.com www.SDI.org Fax Metal deck - manufacturer
Metal deck- supplier and/or sales
Contact name Reinforcing steel/wire mesh
employee safety|steel erection training Contact Title Prefabricating buildings and/or siding
programs Precast concrete - structural
Contact Email Precast concrete - architectural
The SEAA has developed safety training products to assist organizations with OSHA Compli- Does the firm perform the erection of steel Miscellaneous metals, stairs, ornamental iron
ance, workplace safety and professional/craft-worker development. Programs are available in
and/or allied material exclusively? Yes No general contractors ($750)
English and Spanish languages which are designed to assist contractors, engineers, steel
detailers, architects, and other safety personnel in understanding and complying with the new Geographic area covered by your firm: suppliers and manufacturers ($750)
Subpart R- Steel Erection Standard and its training requirements. Crane sales
Wire rope, slings, accessories
How did you hear about SEAA? Equipment and/or tools
seaa e|news & safety alerts Safety equipment
Periodic publications to keep members informed on emerging regulatory requirements, new Annual Membership Dues: January-December Fasteners
technologies, safety alerts and News - that necessitate contractors stay current. Erectors based on annual revenue volume: specialty services ($750)
Crane and equipment rentals
0-3 million $450 3-5 million $750 Certified welding
5-10 million $1000 10-up million $1250 Millwrights, industrial machinery installation
Heavy equipment moving and rigging
The SEAA Connector was exclusively developed for its members and potential members. It Fabricators: $750 Shear stud installation
includes national editorials, board of director profiles, Member Directory and columns from
well-known industry specialist. Reaching all segments of the steel erector community, SEAA General Contractors $750 Supp. & Manufacturers $750 services ($750)
Connector magazine is a great way to connect your business to an $8 Billion Industry. Specialty Services $750 Services $750 Financial
Checks should be made payable to SEAA. Insurance, risk management
seaa annual convention & trade show Legal
SEAA’s annual convention is a great opportunity to gather with colleagues, and find Testing labs and/or independent inspectors
.
solutions to your shared challenges. The convention has insightful speakers, expert advice, CC # Exp. Crane certification and inspection
educational workshops and sessions, hands-on demonstrations with. You’ll take home Signature Consulting
valuable information, networking and proven strategies that will promote your business.
2216 West Meadowview Road • Suite 115 • Greensboro, NC 27407 • 336.294.8880 phone • 413.208.6936 fax • executivedirector@seaa.net • www.seaa.net
National Institute of Steel Detailing
Membership Application
The annual membership cycle runs from June 1st through May 31st
Regular Membership is open to any company that conducts its office in the Americas for, and is regularly engaged in,
the business of steel detailing. Such office shall have been conducted for a minimum period of one year. A member in this category
may be chapter affiliated or a member-at-large, and has all privileges and benefits of membership including voting and holding office.
Fee Schedule: $290 for companies with a gross annual income of less than $250,000 [June-September]
Prorated dues when joining October-January $200 February-May $100
$450 for companies with a gross annual income greater than $250,000 [June-September]
Prorated dues when joining October-January $305 February-May $155
Associate Membership is open to any company, national or regional trade or professional association interested in enhancing the
detailing profession or the activities of the NISD, whose primary business is not in structural steel detailing. This category includes
all privileges and benefits of membership except those of voting and holding office.
Individual Associate Membership is open to a steel detailer who does not own a company. This category also includes other
persons interested in the future of the steel detailing industry who do not fall in the category of Regular or Associate membership.
This category has limited privileges and benefits of membership, which precludes them from voting and holding office.
Fee Schedule: Annual membership fee is $65 Annual dues of $65 are renewable on June 1st
Overseas Membership is open to any company that conducts a regular office for, and is regularly engaged in, the business
of steel detailing outside the Americas. Such office shall have been conducted for a minimum period of one year. Members in this
category may vote (no proxy votes), but they may not hold national office.
Member Emeritus Membership is open to any individual who was a former regular member of the NISD and has retired from the
competitive field, but wishes to remain active in the NISD. Members in this category may not hold office.
Fee Schedule: Annual membership fee is $100 Annual dues of $100 are renewable on June 1st
The undersigned hereby applies for membership in the National Institute of Steel Detailing, Inc.