Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

PAB3053 – RESERVOIR MODELING AND

SIMULATION(3D 2 - Phase)
ECLIPSE – PROJECT 1 (Marks :10%)

General Instruction:

1. Students are required to submit the hardcopy of the

report in my pigeon hole in Block 16, Level 3.
2. Please use the cover page provides. Report should be
printed double sided.
3. Report must be submitted to your respective tutor
during lab hour in Week 7 (2 – 5 July). Marks will
be deducted by 2% per day for the late submission.
4. All figures must be labeled clearly and referred
properly in the text while explaining your results.
5. Zero marks will be awarded for any plagiarism
works.

All the best.

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

( Please use this Cover page)

RESERVOIR MODELING AND SIMULATION

ECLIPSE – PROJECT 1 (Marks :10%)

Name : ___________________________

Student ID : _______________________

Signature : ________________________

Submit to : Iskandar Dzulkarnain

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

PAB3053 – RESERVOIR MODELING AND SIMULATION

PROJECT 1 (10%)

(3D 2-Phase)

A Prepare an input data file for simulating the performance of a two-phase (water/oil) reservoir.
The model will have a regular shape, with two wells at opposite corners to simulate production
in a quarter five-spot pattern.

GRIDDING ANDROCKDATA (GRID)

The 3D section of reservoir being modelled has dimensions 2500' x 2500' x 150', and it is
divided into three layers of equal thickness. The number of cells in the x and y directions are
5 and 5 respectively. Other relevant data are given below, using field units throughout:

Depth of reservoir top: 7000 ft

Porosity: 0.20

Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

Permeability in x direction: 300 mD 1200 mD 300 mD
Permeability in y direction: 200 mD 800 mD 200 mD
Permeability in z direction: 30 mD 120 mD 30 mD

1 2 3 4 5

500 50
500 50
500 50
500
1
500
2
1
3
2
4
3
5

500 500 500 500 500

Figure 1: Schematic of model.

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

FLUID PVT AND FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION PROPERTIES (PROPS)

Water and Oil Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Functions

Water Saturation krw kro Pcow

(psi)
-- table 1 for 1200mD
0.15* 0.0 0.9 4.0
0.45 0.2 0.3 0.8
0.68 0.4 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.1

-- table 2 for 300mD

0.25* 0.0 0.9 9.0
0.5 0.2 0.3 1.8
0.7 0.4 0.1 0.45
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.22
* Initial saturation throughoutlayer.

Water PVT Data at Reservoir Pressure and Temperature

Pressure Bw cw w
(psia) (rb/stb) (psi-1) (cp)
4500 1.02 3.0E-06 0.8

Oil PVT Data, Bubble Point Pressure (Pb) = 300 psia

Pressure Bo Viscosity
(psia) (rb/stb) (cp)
300 1.25 1.0
800 1.20 1.1
6000 1.15 2.0

Rock compressibility at 4500 psia: 3.5E-06 psi-1

Oil density at surface conditions: 51 lbs/cf
Water density at surface conditions: 63 lbs/cf

INITIAL CONDITIONS (SOLUTION)

Initial pressure at 7075': 4500 psia

The oil-water contact is below the reservoir (7,500 ft), with zero capillary pressure at the
contact.

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

WELLS AND PRODUCTION SCHEDULE (SCHEDULE)

Drill two wells:

producer PROD, belonging to group G1, in Block No. (1, 1)
injector INJ, belonging to group G2, in Block No. (5, 5)

The inside diameter of the wells is 8".

Perforate both the producer and the injector in all three layers.
The datum depth for pressure measurements during production is 7,000 ft – i.e. the pressure
gauge is located just above the top of the completion.

Produce at the gross rate of 11,000 stb liquid/day with a minimum bottom hole pressure limit
of 2,000 psia

Inject 12,000 stb water/day with a maximum bottom hole pressure limit of 6,000 psia.

Start the simulation on 22nd July 2017, and use 10 time steps of 200 days each.

OUTPUT (SUMMARY, GRID & SCHEDULE)

Ask the program to output the following data:

· Initial permeability, porosity and depth data (keyword INIT in GRID section)

· Initial grid block pressures and water saturations into a RESTART file (keyword RPTRST
in SOLUTION section – set ‘BASIC=2’ to give basic dynamic output at t = 0)

· Field Average Pressure (FPR) Bottom Hole Pressure for both wells (WBHP)
Field Oil Production Rate (FOPR) Field Water Production Rate (FWPR)
Total Field Oil Production (FOPT) Total Field Water Production (FWPT)
Well Water Cut for PROD (WWCT) CPU usage (TCPU)
to a separate Excel readable file (using keyword EXCEL) in the SUMMARY section.

· Grid block pressures and water saturations into RESTART files at each report step of the
simulation (keyword RPTRST in SCHEDULE section – again set ‘BASIC=2’ to give basic
dynamic output at each TSTEP)

PROCEDURE

1 Edit file TUT1A.DATA in folder \eclipse\tut1 by opening it in Notepad, fill in the necessary
data, and save the file. (Make sure the file ending is .DATA and not .txt)

2 Activate the ECLIPSE Launcher from the Desktop or the Start menu.

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

3 Run ECLIPSE and use the TUT1A dataset.

4 When the simulation has finished, use ECLIPSE Office -> Results and menu File -> Open
-> SUMMARY -> All Vectors, or use MS Excel to open the output file TUT1A.RSM, which
will be in the \eclipse\tut1 folder.

5 Plot the BHP of both wells (WBHP) vs. time and the field average pressure (FPR) vs. time
on Figure 1.

6 Plot the water cut (WWCT) of the well PROD and the field oil production rate (FOPR) vs.
time on Figure 2.

7 Plot on Figure 3 the BHP values for the first 10 days in the range 3,500 psia to 5,500 psia.

Explain the initial short-term rise in BHP in the injection well and drop in BHP in the
production well. Account for the subsequent trends of these two pressures and of the field
average pressure, relating these to the reservoir production and injection rates, water cut
and the PVT data of the reservoir fluids.

B Make a copy of the file TUT1A.DATA called TUT1B.DATAin the same folder tut1.

By modifying the keyword TSTEP change the time steps to the following:
15*200

Modify the WCONINJ keyword to operate the injection well at a constant flowing bottom hole
pressure (BHP) of 5000 psia, instead of injecting at a constant 12,000 stb water/day (RATE) –
i.e. delete reference to 12000 and replace with 1*.

Add field volume production rate (FVPR) to the items already listed in the SUMMARY
section.

Run Eclipse using the TUT1B.DATA file, and then plot the two following pictures:

Figure 4: both well bottom hole pressures and field average pressure vs. time, showing
pressures in the range 3,700 psia to 5,100 psia
Figure 5: field water cut and field volume production rate vs. time

Account for the differences between the pressure profiles in this problem and Tutorial 1A. To
assist with the interpretation, calculate total mobility as a function of water saturation for the 4
saturation points given, using:

kro(Sw) krw(Sw)
MTOT(Sw) = +
o w

and show how this would change the differential pressure across the reservoir as the water
saturation throughout the reservoir increases. From Figure 5, explain the impact of the WWCT
profile (fraction) on the FVPR (rb/day).

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

C Copy file TUT1B.DATA to TUT1C.DATA in the same folder.

This time, instead of injecting at a constant flowing bottom hole pressure of 5000 psi, let the
simulator calculate the injection rate such that the reservoir voidage created by oil and water
production is replaced by injected water. To do this, modify the control mode for the injection
well (keyword WCONINJ) from BHP to reservoir rate (RESV), and use the voidage
replacement flag (FVDG) in item 8. Set the upper limit on the bottom hole pressure for the
injection well to 8,000 psia again.

Note the definitions given in the manual for item 8 of the WCONINJ keyword. Based on the
definition for voidage replacement,
reservoir volume injection rate = item 6 + (item 7 * field voidage rate)

Therefore, to inject the same volume of liquid as has been produced, set
item 6 to 0, and
item 7 to 1.

Run Eclipse using the TUT1C.DATA file, and then run Floviz or Petrel, to display the grid cell
oil saturations (these displays need NOT be printed).

Discuss the profile of the saturation front in each layer, and explain how it is affected by gravity
and the distribution of flow speeds between the wells.

SENSITIVITIES
For the sensitivity calculations try variations of +/- 10% from the base case (TUT1A), and use
a spider diagram to plot the results.

(i) Long-term behaviour (0-2000 days): Assess impact of varying oil formation volume
factor (Bo) and separately, the injection rate on field average pressure (FPR)

Short-term behaviour (0-10 days): Assess impact of varying absolute permeability and
separately the porosity on bottom hole pressure response (WBHP) in either of the wells.

(ii) Mobility effects: What happens to the pressure differential between the wells when you
use straight line rel perms (by deleting rows in SWOF keyword containing saturation
points 0.5 and 0.7? What if you then change the values of the relative permeability
endpoints (initially Krw = 0.55 and Kro=0.9)?

(iii) Study impact of oil density and total flow rate across field on flow distribution in field.

D Copy file TUT1A.DATA to TUT1D.DATA in the same folder.

The data file should be adapted to include the following features:

 Porosities varying according to layer (PORO in the GRID section)
 NTGvarying according to layer (NTG in the GRID section)

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 Eclipse exercise adapted from Heriot-Watt University Reservoir Simulation module

 Water saturations that can go up to Sw=1 should there be an oil-water contact

introduced into the model

To implement these, replace the entire GRID section with the following:
--================================================================
GRID

EQUALS
-- Keyword value X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2
DX 500 1 5 1 5 1 3 / whole model
DY 500 / same as above
DZ 50 / same as above

TOPS 8000 1 5 1 5 1 1 / grid layer 1

PERMX 200 1 5 1 5 1 1 / geological layer 1

PERMY 150 /
PERMZ 20 /
PORO 0.19 /
NTG 0.95 /

PERMX 1000 1 5 1 5 2 2 / geological 2

PERMY 800 /
PERMZ 100 /
PORO 0.20 /
NTG 0.99 /

PERMX 200 1 5 1 5 3 3 / geological 3

PERMY 150 /
PERMZ 20 /
PORO 0.19 /
NTG 0.95 /

-- Output file with geometry and rock properties (.INIT)

INIT

and replace the old SWOF tables with

-- Water and oil rel perms & capillary pressures
-- Sw Krw Kro Pc
-- ----- ----- --- ----
SWOF
-- table 1 for 1200mD
0.15 0.0 0.9 4.0
0.45 0.2 0.3 0.8
0.68 0.4 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.1
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 /
-- table 2 for 300mD
0.25 0.0 0.9 9.0
0.5 0.2 0.3 1.8
0.7 0.4 0.1 0.45
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.22
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 /

Run the model in ECLIPSE, visualise the grid in Floviz or Petrel, and plot the same properties
as in TUT1A.