Voltage Swell:

the increase in AC RMS voltage at power frequency to the rang between 110% to 180% of
the network nominal voltage and for duration rang from 0.5 cycle (10 ms) to one minute.
According to IEEE 1159/1995, increased voltage will range from 110% to 120% of the
nominal voltage and for duration rang from 3 sec to one minute

Causes of voltage swell?

1) Single line to ground fault.

2) "Start – Stop" of heavy loads
3) Bad dimensioned power supply and bad regulated transformer mainly at off-peak hours

Impacts of voltage swell?

Voltage Swell Impacts:

(1) Data loss and flickering of lighting and screens,

(2) Stoppage or damage of sensitive electrical equipment especially if the voltage values
are too high.

Swells are subdivided into three categories:

Figure 2.1: Magnitude and Duration

 Voltage swells are characterized by their RMS magnitude and duration refer figure
2.1. The gravity of the PQ problem during a fault condition is a function of the system
impedance (i.e. relation of the zero-sequence impedance to the positive-sequence impedance
of the system), location of the fault and the circuit grounding configuration.

Figure 2.2: Voltage swell appear at 0.1 s

Figure 2.3: Simulation before using DVR

 Swells can also be generated by sudden load decreases. The abrupt interruption of

current can generate a large voltage, per the formula: v = L di/dt, where L is the

inductance of the line, and di/dt is the change in current flow. Switching on a large

capacitor bank can also cause a swell, though it more often causes an oscillatory

transient.

Mitigation

Figure 2.4: Simulink modelling after mitigation.

Three phase parallel at the end of three phase breaker in the figure 2.3 From the results, the
load voltage is kept at the nominal value with the help of the DVR. Similar to the case of
voltage sag, the DVR reacts quickly to inject the appropriate voltage component (negative
voltage magnitude) to correct the supply voltage. All the balanced and unbalanced
circumstances are efficiently operated by the DVR devoid of any difficulties. To keep the
load voltage well-adjusted and constant at the nominal value, DVR is used so that it can
inject a suitable voltage component which can precisely remove any anomaly in the supply
voltage.
Figure 2.5: Simulink performance of source voltage and base voltage swell in phases

Figure 2.6: Simulation Current voltage swell

Supply Voltage and frequency 132V, 3 phase, 50Hz
DC link Voltage 220V
Filter Inductance 800µH
Active power 800V