UNITED STATE CAPITOL

• United States Capitol, is the meeting place of the United States Congress and one Second Floor
of the most familiar landmarks in Washington, D.C. It is situated on Capitol Hill at the
eastern end of Pennsylvania Avenue. •The second floor holds the Chambers
of the House of Representatives (in
• The original building was completed in 1800 and was subsequently expanded,
the south wing) and the Senate (in
particularly with the addition of the massive dome.
the north wing) as well as the offices
• A fine example of 19th-century neoclassical architecture, the U.S. Capitol combines of the congressional leadership.
function with aesthetics.
•This floor also contains three major
• Pierre Charles L'Enfant was expected to design the Capitol and to supervise its
public areas. In the center under the
construction. •.
dome is the Rotunda, a circular
• United State Capitol covers well over 1.5 million square feet, has over 600 rooms, ceremonial space that also serves as
and miles of corridors. It is crowned by a magnificent white dome that overlooks the a gallery of paintings and sculpture
city of Washington and has become a widely recognized icon of the American people depicting significant people and
and government. events in the nation's history. Second Floor Plan
• Today, the U.S. Capitol Building covers a ground area of 175,170 square feet, or
•The Rotunda is 96 feet in diameter and rises 180 feet 3 inches to the canopy.
about 4 acres, and has a floor area of approximately 16-1/2 acres. Its length, from
north to south, is 751 feet 4 inches; its greatest width, including approaches, is 350 • The semicircular chamber south of the Rotunda served as the Hall of the House until 1857; now
feet. Its height above the base line on the east front to the top of the Statue of designated National Statuary Hall, it houses part of the Capitol's collection of statues
'. donated by the
Freedom is 288 feet. The building contains approximately 600 rooms and has 658 states in commemoration of notable citizens.
windows (108 in the dome alone) and approximately 850 doorways and made up of
white marble. •The Old Senate Chamber northeast of the Rotunda, which was used by the Senate until 1859, has
A colossal statue that supports been returned to its mid-19th-century appearance.
Freedom
Third Floor
New dome which stand three
times the height of the original •The third floor allows access to the
dome galleries from which visitors to the
Capitol Building may watch the
Use of pediment main feature proceedings of the House and the
of the Roman Pantheon Senate when Congress is in session.
•The rest of this floor is occupied by
Use of column main feature of offices, committee rooms and press
the Roman Pantheon galleries. Third Floor Plan
UNITED STATE CAPITOL
•The fourth floor and the basement/terrace level of the U.S. Capitol are occupied by offices,
First Floor •The first, or ground, floor is machinery rooms, workshops and other support areas.
occupied chiefly by committee
rooms and the spaces
allocated to various
congressional officers.

•The areas accessible to

visitors on this level include
the Hall of Columns, the
Brumidi Corridors, the
restored Old Supreme Court
Chamber, and the Crypt
beneath the Rotunda, where
historical exhibits are Replacement of the old Interior of the dome Small senate rotunda Interior view of crypt on first
presented. Bulfinch dome with a of United State on second floor of floor of United State Capitol.
First Floor Plan 30 m dia dome Capitol building United State Capitol.

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HOLKHAM HALL
• Holkham Hall, Norfolk, England, is an eighteenth century country house constructed in the
Palladian style for Thomas Coke 1st Earl of Leicester by the architect William Kent.
• It’s one of the England’s finest building made using the Palladian revival style of architecture,
and its design is closer to the Palladian style than any other house built using the same style
of architecture in that period by any architect.
Use of Pediment
Exterior
• From looking at the elevation and exterior of principal front (facade), the Holkham Hall
design by Kent can be described
. as that of a huge Roman palace.
• Holkham Hall by its plan is a Palladian house, and yet even by the Palladian standard the
exterior appearance of the building is plain and lacks entirely of ornamentation.
• The on-site, supervisor of Holkham “Matthew Brettingham the Elder”, stated that Coke
required and ordered ample space and comfort. As a result, only one window was placed in
each room which allowed only necessary light in the rooms.
• The other reason was that Coke thought the extra window will make the room cold or
draughty apart from making the exterior more pleasing.

Plain Facade

Bedchamber Wing

'.

Use of Roman
Column

Holkham Hall

Design
• The plan and design followed the guidelines and ideas for the house as suggested and stated Use of Pediment and Columns of Roman Style Lack of Ornamentation (Simple Façade)
by the aristocrat architect Lord Burlington and William Kent.
Interior
• The impressive splendour of the interior is obtained without the excessive use of ornaments.
The interior of the house reflects the William Kent’s career-long fondness towards “the
simplicity of a plain surface”.
• All around the hall are the statues that are plaster copies of classical deities. The staircase
Library wing from the hall leads to the piano nobile and the state-rooms.
• The Green State Bedroom is the principal bedroom of the Holkham Hall and s decorated
using paintings and tapestries.

Plan of Holkham Hall Marble Hall

• The plans for Holkham Hall consisted of a grand central block of two floors.
•The plan for the piano nobile level contains a series of uniformly built state rooms that were
situated around the two courtyards.
• These courtyards are not visible from the outside; these courtyards were designed for
lightning rather than the recreation or architectural value, but eventually it became an
important part of the design.
• The central block is surrounded by four smaller, rectangular wings, or blocks.
•These wings are connected at each corner and were linked to the main house structure by
short two-storey wings of only one bay, this was a new norm as normally in Palladian
architecture they are linked using long colonnades. Green State Bedroom William Kent's Saloon

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British Museum
Exterior
• The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician
• The monumental South entrance, with its stairs, colonnade and pediment, was intended to
and scientist Sir Hans Sloane.
reflect the wondrous objects housed inside.
• The British Museum is dedicated to human history, art and culture, and is located in the .
• The design of the columns has been borrowed from ancient Greek temples, and the
Bloomsbury area of London. pediment at the top of the building is a common feature of classical Greek architecture.
• An historic building with Greek revival, neo-classical and modern architectural features. • The east and west residences (to the left and right of the entrance) have a more modest
exterior.

Use of Greek
Style Pediment

Use of Greek
Style Columns

Plain Exterior / No
Ornamentation '.

British Museum Use of Greek Architecture Columns and Plain Exterior (No Ornamentation)
Pediment
Design
•The British Museum is Interior
an exemplar cultural
space, comprising the • The patterns and colours on the ceiling of the Weston Hall were borrowed from classical
White Wing, King Greek buildings, which would have been brightly decorated.
Edward VII’s galleries, • The electric lamps in the entrance hall are replicas of the original lighting lamps in the
the Parthenon Museum. The Museum was the first public building to be electrically lit.
galleries, the New • The Queen Elizabeth II Great Court is a covered square at the centre of the British Museum
Wing, and the Great designed by the engineers Buro Happold and the architects Foster and Partners.
Court. • The Great Court roof is of glass and steel construction, built by an Austrian steelwork
• The Museum has a company with 1,656 uniquely shaped panes of glass.
total of 94 gallery • At the centre of the Great Court is the Reading Room vacated by the British Library. The
spaces and public Reading Room is open to any member of the public who wishes to read there.
services, including a
restaurant and an
education centre,
which is located below
the courtyard.
• It included galleries
for classical sculpture
Ground Floor Plan Upper Floor Plan and Assyrian
antiquities

• The construction of the Great Court involved extensive re-facing of the existing buildings and
the construction of 20 concrete-filled steel columns to support the roof.
Great Court Interior View Weston Hall Interior View Ceiling of Weston
Hall

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