SUGGESTION FOR WBCS PRELIM EXAM 2017

Guidelines by WBCS Exam Expert :

Read the whole text once or twice.

Then, read short question and remember all the info of short
questions.

Now, Read and remember all the vital point at the end of this
note.

Thank you. Best Of Luck.

Socialist Economy
Socialist means the system under which economic system is controlled and
regulated by the government so as to ensure welfare and equal opportunity to the
people in a society.
The idea of socialism is first introduced by Karl Marx and Fredric Engles in their
book, ‘The Communist Manifesto’.
The word socialism means ‘all things to all men’. According to Samuelson,
“Socialism refers to the government ownership of the means of production,
planning by the government and income distribution”.

Features of Socialist Economy ​→ ​The main features of socialist economy are as

follows:
(i) Collective Ownership:
In socialism, all means of production are owned by the community, i.e.,
Government, and no individual can hold private property beyond certain limit.
Therefore, it is government who utilises these resources in the interest of social
welfare.
(ii) Economic, Social and Political Equality:
Under socialism, there is almost equality between rich and poor. There is no
problem of class struggle.
(iii) Economic Planning:
TD. N
​ o part of this book​ may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any
anical means without prior written permission of the publisher.
 Under socialism, government fixes certain objectives. In order to achieve these
objectives, government adopts economic planning. All types of decisions regarding
the central problems of an economy are taken in the economic plans. There is a
Central Planning Authority, who plans for the economy.
(iv) No Competition:
Unlike capitalistic economy, there is no cut throat competition. It means lack of
competition as state is the sole entrepreneur.
(v) Positive Role of Government:
In socialism, government plays significant role in decision making. Thus,
government has complete control over economic activities like distribution,
exchange, consumption, investment and foreign trade etc.
(vi) Work and Wages According to Ability and Needs:
In socialistic economy, work is according to ability and wage according to need. It
is said that under socialism “from each according to his ability to each according to
his needs, is socialism.”
(vi) Maximum Social Welfare​:
The sole objective of socialism is the maximum social welfare of the society. It
means that there is no scope of exploitation of labour class. Government keeps a
close eye on the needs of the poor masses while formulating plans.

Capitalist Economy
Capitalist economy is an economic system based on private ownership of the
means of production and the creation of goods and services for profit . Central
characteristics of capitalist economy include private property,capital
accumulation , wage labour and competitive markets . In a capitalist market
economy, investments are determined by private decision and the parties to a
transaction typically determine the prices at which they exchange assets, goods,
and services.

Features of Capitalist Economy → ​The main features of capitalist economy are as

follows:
(i) Private Property:
In this economy private property is allowed. All means of production like machines,
implements, mines and factories etc. come under private property.
(ii) Price Mechanism:
Capitalist economy is gained by price mechanism. Here prices are determined by
the interaction of demand and supply without the interference of any kind by the
government or any other external forces.

, posted, or reproduced in any

on of the publisher.
(iii) Freedom of Enterprise:
In this system every individual is independent to his means of production in any
occupation that one likes.
(iv) Sovereignty of the consumer:
Under this system, consumer plays the most vital role. The entire production
pattern is based on the desires, wishes and the demand of the consumer.
(v) Profit Motive:
The maximisation of profit is the main motive of the producer. Profit guides the
production in this type of economy.
(vi) No Government Interference:
Under capitalistic system, government does not interfere in day-to-day economic
activities. This means producers and consumers are free to take decisions.
(vii) Democratic:
The capitalistic system is more democratic in comparison to other economic
systems as there are more changes to chancel according to new environments of
the economy.
(viii) Self-Interest:
The inspiring force in this system is self-interest. It leads to hard work and to earn
maximum income by satisfying their consumers.

Mixed economy
It is a golden mixture of capitalism and socialism. Under this system there is
freedom of economic activities and government interferences for the social
welfare. Hence it is a blend of both the economies. The concept of mixed economy
is of recent origin. The developing countries like India have adopted mixed
economy to accelerate the pace of economic development. Even the developed
countries like UK, USA, etc. have also adopted ‘Mixed Capitalist System’. According
to Prof. Samuelson, “Mixed economy is that economy in which both public and
private sectors cooperate.”
According to Murad, “Mixed economy is that economy in which both government
and private individuals exercise economic control.”
Features of Mixed Economy ​→ ​The main features of mixed economy are as
follows:
(i) Co-existence of Private and Public Sector:
Under this system there is co-existence of public and private sectors. In public
sector, industries like defence, power, energy, basic industries etc., are set up. On
the other hand, in private sector all the consumer goods industries, agriculture,
small-scale industries are developed. The government encourages both the sectors
to develop simultaneously.
(ii) Personal Freedom:
Under mixed economy, there is full freedom of choice of occupation, although
consumer does not get complete liberty but at the same time government can
regulate prices in public interest through public distribution system.
(iii) Private Property is allowed:
In mixed economy, private property is allowed. However, here it must be
remembered that there must be equal distribution of wealth and income. It must
be ensured that the profit and property may not concentrate in a few pockets.
(iv) Economic Planning:
In a mixed economy, government always tries to promote economic development
of the country. For this purpose, economic planning is adopted. Thus, economic
planning is very essential under this system.
(v) Price Mechanism and Controlled Price:
Under this system, price mechanism and regulated price operate simultaneously. In
consumer goods industries price mechanism is generally followed. However, at the
time of big shortages or during national emergencies prices are controlled and
public distribution system has to be made effective.
(vi) Profit Motive and Social Welfare:
In mixed economy system, there are both profit motive like capitalism and social
welfare as in socialist economy.
(vii) Check on Economic Inequalities:
In this system, government takes several measures to reduce the gap between rich
and poor through progressive taxation on income and wealth. The subsidies are
given to the poor people and also job opportunities are provided to them. Other
steps like concessions, old age pension, free medical facilities and free education
are also taken to improve the standard of poor people. Hence, all these help to
reduce economic inequalities.
(viii) Control of Monopoly Power:
Under this system, government takes huge initiatives to control monopoly
practices among the private entrepreneurs through effective legislative measures.
Besides, government can also fake over these services in the public interest.

Points
1. India is a country of mixed economy.
2. India is a country of developing economy.
3. In India, the contribution of primary sector is decreasing continuously.
4. International trade ( Export & Emport) does not take place in closed economy.
5. Economic plan is made by the central authority in a planned Economy.
6. In agricultural economy, agriculture is the main source of livelihood.
7. The U.S.A is a country of developed economy.
8. The standard of living is very low in a under-developed economy.
9. The standard of living is very high in a Developed Economy.
10. Macro means large.
11. Micro means small.
12. The limited role of government exists in capitalist economy.

Classification of Different occupations of Indian Economy

1. Primary Sector : The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy
making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture , forestry,
fishing, animal husbandry, poultry and dairy and other rural occupations.
2. Secondary Sector : ​The secondly sector includes secondary processing of raw
materials, food manufacturing and industry.
3. Tertiary / Service Sector: ​It includes different services like education, health,
trade, transport etc.

GNP = GDP + Net factor income from abroad.

NNP at market price. Therefore’

NNP = GNP – Depreciation

NNP at Factor Cost = NNP at Market Price – Indirect Taxes + Subsidies.

Personal Income = National Income – Social Security contributions – corporate

income taxes – undistributed corporate profits + transfer payments.

INDIA’S RANK

VITAL FOR PRELIM EXAM.

HDI RANK 130TH

 List INDIA Source Notes
Ranking/To
tal
Countries

Population 2/221 CIA Total Population(July

World 2015) 1,251,695,584
Factbook​ [

1]

Population density 30/238 Countries Derived from the C​ IA

of the World Factbook​ figures
World for population divided
(2013)[2]
​ by area

List of sovereign 79/223 CIA 2.58 in 2012

states and World
dependent Factbook
territories by TFR
fertility rate Ranking

English-speaking 2/133 Census of 10.35% (125,226,449)

population India English speakers out of
1,210,000,000 eligible
population

Population Density 31/241 Economis 382 people per km2​ ​ as

t of 1 March 2011
Intelligen
ce Unit

Human 130/187 United 2015 report

Development Nations
Index

Literacy rate 168/234 Census of 2011

India
Globalization Index 107/1 ETHZ​ KOF Index of 2016
84 Globalization ​[2]

World Competitiveness 32/59 IMD International​ ​[3] 2011

Scoreboard

Fm Global Resilience 119/1 FM global​ ​[4] 2015

Index 30

Index of Economic 124/1 The Wall Street Journal​ ​[5] 2011

Freedom 79

Quality-of-life index 66/80 Economist Intelligence 2013

Unit​ ​[6]

GDP growth rate 5/215 10.365% growth rate 2010

Nominal GDP 7/181 2016

GDP (PPP) 3/181 2016

Per capita GDP 122/1 International Monetary 2015

83 Fund

Unemployment rate -/197 7.97% unemployment 2016

Global Competitiveness 55/13 World Economic Forum​ ​[7] 2014-2

Index 1 015

IT Industry 18/66 BSA Global Index ​[8] 2016

Competitiveness Index

Human Development 130/1 United Nations 2015[3]

​
Index 87

VITAL POINT : HDI

● HDI formula was invented by Prof. Amartya Sen and Lord Meghnad Desai.
 ● HDI was first published in 1990 by UNDP.
● National HDI was first published by Planning Commission in 2002.
● HDI was first in West Bengal in 2004.
● Kerala stood first in HDI rank in India.
● Bihar stood last in HDI rank in India.
● The HDI-rank of West Bengal is 8th. India's HDI rank is 130th out of 187
nations (2016).

VITAL POINT :

Reserve Bank of India

Reserve Bank is the central bank of India. It was established on 1st April 1935,
under RBI Act 1934 on the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission. It was
established with rupees 5 crore. It was nationalized on 1st January,1949. The head
of RBI is at Mumbai. Total number of regional office is Four- Mumbai, Kolkata,
Chennai, and New Delhi. There are one governor, Four Deputy Governors, Fifteen
directors in RBI. The present governor of RBI is U
​ rjit Patel.

ATTENTION PLEASE , IF URJIT IS NOT OPTION THEN R

​ aghuram Rajan IS ANSWER.

1. Bank Note Press (Dewas) : Bank Note Press, Dewas was established in 1973
at Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. It prints Bank notes of Rs.20/-, Rs.50/-, Rs.100/-
and Rs.500/- denominations. This press also manufactures high quality
security inks for various security printing organizations.
2. India Security Press (Nashik) ​: India Security Press, Nashik was established in
1925 at Nashik, Maharashtra. It is notified as commercial industrial unit
under the administrative control of Government of India, Ministry of
Finance. It prints and supply Judicial/non-judicial stamp papers all types of
postal & non postal stamps & stationery, passports, visa & other travel
documents, MICR & Non-MICR Cheques in continuous Stationery form,
Identity Cards, Railway Warrants, Income Tax Return Order Forms etc.

M1 = Currency + Net Demand Deposits with Banks + Other Deposits with RBI.

M2 = M1 + Post Office Savings Deposits

M3 = M1 + Time Deposits

M4 = M3 + Post Office Savings Deposits

1. Revenue receipts : which consists of revenue from regular sources like Taxation
revenues: eg., receipts from corporate tax, income tax, excise tax, Excise duty,
custom duty, service tax etc.Non tax revenue: which include interest on loans,
dividends from Public sector units, Fees and stamp duties.

2. Capital receipts: Which refer to those inflows to government that are not in the
nature of regular income, But are repayments / recoveries, or proceeds from sale of
assets. Other receipts like Disinvestment (selling some shares of a PSU) comes
under this head. Borrowings are simply the deficit which can be covered by taking
loans from market.

Expenditure: ​are the expenses incurred by govt and are divided into :

Non plan expenditure: These are on going expenditure not covered under the 5 -
year plans. Non-plan revenue expenditure is accounted for by interest payments,
subsidies (mainly on food and fertilisers), wage and salary payments to government
employees, grants to States and Union Territories governments, pensions, police,
economic services in various sectors, other general services such as tax collection,
social services, and grants to foreign governments. Non-plan capital expenditure
mainly includes defence, loans to public enterprises, loans to States, Union
Territories and foreign governments.

Plan expenditure: India has adopted economic planning as a strategy for economic
develop​ment. For stepping up the rate of economic development five-year plans
have been formulated. So far ten five-year plans have been completed. The
expenditure incurred on the items relating to five year plans is termed as plan
expenditure. Such expen​diture is incurred by the Central Government.

A provision is made for such expenditure in the budget of the Central Government.
Assistance given by the Central Government to the State Governments and Union
Territories for plan purposes also forms part of the plan expenditure. Plan
expenditure is sub​divided into Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure.This
expenditure involves funding for programmes and projects covered by the 5 - year
plans as decided by the various ministerial bodies.

Under the above heads there are two components:

Revenue expenditure - It is payments incurred for day - to - day running of

government departments and various services offered to citizens. This also
comprises of spending towards subsidies, interest payments. This spurs
consumption in economy.
Capital expenditure: ​This expenditure spurs asset creation, resulting in increased
investment with spending diverted towards cost associated with acquisition of
assets that may include investments in shares, infrastructure as well as loans and
advances given out by government.

Other Important Terms:

Public debt: ​The money borrowed by the government is eventually a burden on the
people of India, and is, therefore, called public debt. It is split into two heads:
internal debt (money borrowed within the country) and external debt (funds
borrowed from non-Indian sources).

Non-tax revenues : ​Profits and dividends of public sector enterprise, fees/charges,

interest receipt, grant and aid.
The main source of tax revenues of the central govt. at present is corporation tax (
Corporate income tax) and main source of tax revenue of the state govt is Value
added tax ( old form - Sales tax).
At present, main source of non-tax revenues of the central government is profit and
dividends of public sector enterprise and state govt is grant and aid.

Plan expenditure spends on govt. programme/ scheme and non- planned

expenditure includes defence expenditure, subsidies, devaluation.

I. Taxes and duties are levied, collected and appropriated by the central govt:
Custom duties, export-import duries, corporation taxes, taxes on capital assets
excluding agricultural lands.
II. Taxes and Duties are levied, collected by the central but shared with the states:
Income tax other than agricultural income, excise duties on tobacco, pvc,
lubricants, chemicals except alcoholic liquor and narcotics drugs.
III. Taxes and duties are levied and collected by the central, but appropriated by
the states​- Succession duties in respect of property other than agricultural land,
terminals tax, tax on railway fare and freights, taxes on transaction in stock
exchange and future market, taxes on sell or purchase of goods other than
newspapers.
IV. Taxes and duties are levied by the central but collected and appropriated by the
states: ​Stamp duties, excise duties on medicinal, taxes on roads etc.

Central govt. collect maximum tax revenues from the direct tax about 56%.
Central govt. collect maximum amount of direct tax from corporation income tax.
State govt. collects maximum tax revenues from sales tax or VAT.

Income tax, corporation tax, wealth or property tax are the examples of direct tax.
Excise duties, custom duties, Central VAT, state VAT etc are indirect tax.

Fourteenth 2013 Dr. Y. V Reddy 2015–2020

FINANCE
COMMISSION

Points
1. Apex body for agricultural marketing in India is NAFED.
2. Since Independence the contribution of agriculture to National Income is
decreasing.
3. Small farmers hold 1-4 hectare land.
4. First Co-operative started in India in Agricultural sector.
5. At present, Agriculture contributes 14% to GDP.
6. Agriculture growth rate was negative during 3rd Plan.
7. Average land holding in India is 1.6 hectares.
8. Varsha Bima Yojana was launched in 2001.
9. The largest source of irrigation in India is Wells and Tubewells.

POPULATION CENSUS 2011

● Census 2011 were released in New Delhi on 31st March 2011 by Union Home
Secretary GK Pillai and RGI C Chandramouli.
● Census 2011 was the 15th census of india & 7th census after Independece
● The motto of census 2011 was “Our Census, Our future”.
 ● Total estimated cost of the Census was INR2200 crore (US$350 million).
● First census in 1872.
● Present Registrar General & Census Commissioner – C.Chandra Mouli
● Total Population – 1,210,569,573 (1.21 Billion)
● India in 2nd rank in population with 17.64%. decadal growth & China is 1st
rank with decadal growth 19% (over 1.35 billion)
● World Population is 7 Billions
● Increase in population during 2001 – 2011 is 181 Million

Population – 1210.19 million [Males – 623.7 million (51.54%) Females – 586.46

million (48.46%)]

​Top Populous of the Country

1 Uttar Pradesh 19,98,12,341

2 Maharashtra 11,23,74,333

3 Bihar 10,40,99,452

4 West Bengal 9,12,76,115

5 Andhra Pradesh 8,45,80,777

​ Least Populous of the Country

1 Lakshadweep 64,473

2 Daman and Diu 2,43,247

3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3,43,709

4 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3,80,581

5 Sikkim 6,10,577
Population Highlight

Highest Populous UT Delhi

 Least Populous UT Lakshadweep

Highest Populous state Uttar Pradesh

Least populous state Sikkim

Highest urban Population in india (state& UT) Maharashtra – 4,11,00,980

Lowest urban Population in india (state& UT) Lakshadweep – 26,967

Highest Rular Population in india (state& UT) Uttar Pradesh –

13,16,58,339

Lowest Rular Population in india (state& UT) Lakshadweep – 33,683

Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males)

Sex ratio in India 943

Highest sex ratio in state Kerala (1084)

Lowest sex ratio in state Haryana (879)

Highest sex ratio in UT Pondicherry (1037)

Lowest sex ratio in UT Daman and Diu (618)

Child (0-6 years) sex ratio 914

Highest child (0-6) sex ratio in state Mizoram (971)

Lowest child (0-6) sex ratio in state Haryana (830)

Literacy Rate in India

Total Person Literacy Rate 74%

Males 82.14%

Females 65.46%

Highest Literacy Rate in State Kerala (94%)

Lowest Literacy Rate in State Bihar (61.8%)

 Hightest Literacy Rate in UT Lakshadweep (91%)

Lowest Literacy Rate in UT Dadra and Nagar Haveli (76.24%)

Five-Year Plans

When India became an independent country, many questions had arisen in front of
the country’s leaders at that time. The British had left the Indian economy
handicapped; leaders had the challenges to make country’s economy strong. A
formal model of planning was adopted. The ​Planning commission was established
on 15th March 1950, with Former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the
Chairman. The Planning Commission used to directly report to the Prime Minister
of India. The planning commission was replaced by ​NITI Aayog (National Institute
for Transforming India Aayog) which was established by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi on 1st January 2015.

Planning Commission was assigned the task of formulating plans for the most
effective and balanced utilisation of resources and determining priorities. Since
then the Planning Commission frames the centralized and integrated national
economic programs at the interval of every five years, thereby known as the
Five-Year Plans.

The First Five-Year Plan of India was presented by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951.

First Plan (1951-56):

● It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.

● Focus on Agriculture, Price Stability, Power and Transport
● It was a successful plan primarily because of good harvests in the last two
years of the plan.

Second Plan (1956-61):

 ● It also called Mahalanobis plan named after the well known statistician.
● Focus on rapid industrialization
● Advocated huge imports through foreign loans.
● Shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry
● During this plan prices increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the
First plan

Third Plan (1961-66):

● It stressed agriculture and improvement in the production of wheat, but the

brief Sino-Indian war of 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and
shifted the focus towards the defence industry and the Indian Army.
● Complete failure in reaching the targets due to unforeseen events-Chinese
aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1964), severe drought 1965-66.

Three Annual Plans (1966-69):

● Prevailing crisis in agriculture and serious food shortage necessitated the

emphasis on agriculture during the Annual Plans
● During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy was implemented. It
involving wide-spread distribution of high-yielding varieties of seeds,
extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential and soil
conservation.
● During the Annual Plans, the economy absorbed the shocks generated during
the Third Plan.

Fourth Plan (1969-74):

● Main emphasis was on growth rate of agriculture to enable other sectors to

move forward
● First two years of the plan saw record production. The last three years did not
measure up due to poor monsoon
 ● Influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war was an
important issue

Fifth Plan (1974-79):

● It proposed to achieve two main objectives: 'removal of poverty' (Garibi

Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance'
● Promotion of high rate of growth, better distribution of income and
significant growth in the domestic rate of savings were seen as key
instruments
● The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Party
government rose to power

Rolling Plan (1978-80):

● Janta government put forward a plan for 1978- 1983. However, the
government lasted for only 2 years. Congress government returned to power
in 1980 and launched a different plan.

Sixth Plan (1980-85):

● Focus - Increase in national income, modernization of technology, ensuring

continuous decrease in poverty and unemployment, population control
through family planning etc

Seventh Plan (1985-90):

● Focus - rapid growth in food-grains production, increased employment

opportunities and productivity within the framework of basic tenants of
planning
● The plan was very successful, the economy recorded 6% growth rate against
the targeted 5%

Eight Plan (1992-97):

● The eighth plan was postponed by two years because of political uncertainty
 at the centre
● Worsening Balance of Payment position and inflation during 1990-91 were
the key issues during the launch of the plan
● The plan undertook drastic policy measures to combat the bad economic
situation and to undertake an annual average growth of 5.6%
● Some of the main economic outcomes during eighth plan period were rapid
economic growth, high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and
manufacturing sector, growth in exports and imports, improvement in trade
and current account deficit

Ninth Plan (1997-2002):

● It was developed in the context of four important dimensions: Quality of life,

generation of productive employment, regional balance and self-reliance.

Tenth Plan (2002-2007):

● To achieve 8% GDP growth rate

● Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007
● Providing gainful high quality employment to the addition to the labour force
over the tenth plan period
● Universal access to primary education by 2007
● Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by atleast 50% by 2007
Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to
16.2%
● Increase in literacy rate to 72% within the plan period and to 80% by 2012
● Increase in forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012.
● Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by
2012.

Eleventh Plan (2007-2012):

 ● Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10%. Increase agricultural GDP growth
rate to 4% per year
● Create 70 million new work opportunities and reduce educated
unemployment to below 5%
● Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 %
● Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage point. Increase the percentage
of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15 %
● Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1
● Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by
2016-2017
● Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009
● Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12
● Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17

Union government has recently revamped and renamed Planning commission as

National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog. Here are some probable
questions related to NITI Ayog for upcoming exams.

1) Expand 'NITI' in NITI Aayog? - ​National Institution for Transforming India

2) Who heads the NITI Aayog as its chairperson? - ​Prime Minister of India

3) Government had announced formation of NITI Aayog on? - ​1 January 2015

4) What is the structure of Governing Council of NITI Aayog? - ​Chief Ministers of all
the States and Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories

5) Who appoints the Vice-Chairperson of Vice-Chairperson? - P

​ rime Minister
6) What is the composition of Part time members in NITI Aayog? - ​Maximum of 2.
They will from leading universities research organizations and other relevant
institutions on a rotational basis.

7) What is the composition of Ex Officio members in NITI Aayog? - ​Maximum of 4

members of the Union Council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Minister.

8) Who was recently appointed as the Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog? - ​Arvind
Panagariya

9) Who are the present Ex-Officio Members of NITI Aayog? - ​Rajnath Singh, Arun
Jaitley, Suresh Prabhu and Radha Mohan Singh

10) Who are the present Special Invitees of NITI Aayog? - ​Nitin Gadkari, Smriti
Zubin Irani and Thawar Chand Gehlot

11) Who are the present Full-time Members of NITI Aayog? - ​Bibek Debroy & V. K.
Saraswat

12) Who was recently appointed as the CEO of NITI Aayog? - ​Sindhushree Khullar

The related aggregates of national income are:

1. Gross Domestic Product at Market price (GDPMP)
2. Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost (GDPFC)
3. Net Domestic Product at Market Price (NDPMP)
4. Net Domestic Product at FC or (NDPFC)
5. Net National Product at FC or National Income (NNPFC)
6. Gross National Product at FC (GNPFC)
7. Net National Product at MP (NNPMP)
8. Gross National Product at MP (GNPMP)
1. Gross Domestic Product at Market Price
It is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the
domestic territory of a country during an accounting year.
GDPMP = Net domestic product at FC (NDPFC) + Depreciation + Net Indirect tax
2. Gross Domestic Product at FC
It is the value of all final goods and services produced within domestic territory of a
country which does not include net indirect tax.
GDPFC = GDPMP – Indirect tax + Subsidy
GDPFC = GDPMP – NIT
3. Net Domestic Product at Market Price
It is the money value of all final goods and services produced within domestic
territory of a country during an accounting year and does not include depreciation.
NDPMP = GDPMP – Depreciation
4. Net Domestic Product at FC
It is the value of all final goods and services which does not include depreciation
charges and net indirect tax. Thus it is equal to the sum of all factor incomes
(compensation of employees, rent, interest, profit and mixed income of self
employed) generated in the domestic territory of the country.
NDPFC = GDP at MP – Depreciation – Indirect tax + Subsidy
5. Net National Product at FC (National Income)
It is the sum total of factor incomes (compensation of employees + rent + interest +
profit) earned by normal residents of a country in an accounting year.
NNPFC = NDPFC + Factor income earned by normal residents from ROW - factor
payments made to ROW
6. Gross National Product at FC
It is the sum total of factor incomes earned by normal residents of a country along
with depreciation, during an accounting year.
GNPFC = NNPFC + Depreciation
7. Net National Product at MP
It is the sum total of factor incomes earned by the normal residents of a country
during an accounting year including net indirect taxes.
NNPMP = NNPFC + Indirect tax – Subsidy
8. Gross National Product at MP
It is the sum total of factor incomes earned by normal residents of a country during
an accounting year including depreciation and net indirect taxes.
GNPMP = NNPFC + Depreciation + NIT
Home​ / ​general​ / ​GK​ / ​India​ / ​MAJOR AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS

MAJOR AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS

GENERAL​, ​GK​, ​INDIA​ ​April 10, 2015 ​, by Jesh

1. BLACK REVOLUTION – PETROLEUM PRODUCTION

2. BLUE REVOLUTION – FISH PRODUCTION

3. BROWN REVOLUTION – LEATHER/NON CONVENTIONAL(INDIA) / COCOA

PRODUCTION

4. GOLDEN FIBRE REVOLUTION – JUTE PRODUCTION

5. GREEN REVOLUTION – FOODGRAIN/ CEREALS, WHEAT ETC

6. GREY REVOLUTION – FERTILISER REVOLUTION

7. PINK REVOLUTION – ONION PRODUCTION/ PHARMACEUTICAL/ PRAWN

PRODUCTION

8. RAINBOW REVOLUTION – HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR

9. RED REVOLUTION – MEAT AND TOMATO PRODUCTION

10. ROUND REVOLUTION – POTATO REVOLUTION

11. SILVER FIBER REVOLUTION – COTTON REVOLUTION

12. SILVER REVOLUTION – EGG/POULTRY PRODUCTION

13. WHITE REVOLUTION – MILK/DAIRY PRODUCTION

14. YELLOW REVOLUTION – OIL SEEDS PRODUCTION

15. EVERGREEN REVOLUTION – INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY AND PROSPERITY

WITHOUT ECOLOGICAL HARM

Indian Economics Most Important Question

1. Who said - " Economics is what economists do" ?

Ans: Jacob Viner.
2. What does the word ' Mikros' mean?
Ans: Small.
3. What does the word 'Macro' mean?
Ans: Large.
4. In which economy govt. is the most important decision maker?
Ans: Socialist economy.
5. In which type of economy private and public sector is prevailed simultaneously?
Ans: Mixed economy.
6. Private and public sector prevail simultaneously in............. economy.
Ans: Mixed Economy.
7. International trade does not take place in.......... economy.
Ans: Closed Economy.
8. Name a country of Developed Economy?
Ans: The U.S.A.
9................ is called the father of Neo- Classical economist?
Ans: A. Marshal.
10. Who wrote the book "An Inquiry into the nature and Causes of the wealth of
Nations"?
Ans: Adam Smith.
11. In which year IFCI was set up?
Ans: 1948.
12. How many type is the Fiscal policy?
Ans: Two ( Longterm and shortterm).
13. At present which type of Fiscal Policy is/are announced in India Govt.?
Ans: Both Long term and Short term.
14. In which year FRBI act was passed?
Ans: 2003.
15. Finance Commission is set up every........ years.
Ans: 5 year.
16. What is the main function of Finance Commission?
Ans: To determine Central - State financial Relation.
17. What is the full name of HDI?
Ans: Human Development Index
18. Who first invented HDI?
Ans: Mahbub Ul Haq.
19. In which year first HDI was estimated?
Ans: 1990.
20. Which organization first estimated HDI?
Ans: UNDP.
21. What is the full name of UNDP?
Ans: United Nations Development Programme.
22. Who first invented HDI formula?
Ans: Lord Meghnad Desai and Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen.
23. National HDI was first published by planning commission in the year..........
Ans: 2002.
24. In which year First HDI was published in West Bengal?
Ans: 2004.
25. Which state ranks first in HDI?
Ans: Kerala.
26. Which state ranks Last in HDI rank?
Ans: Bihar.
27. What is the rank of West Bengal in HDI rank in India?
Ans: 8th.
28. What is the India's Rank in the world in HDI?
Ans: 135 out of 187 nation. ( 2014).
29. What is India's HDI value?
Ans: . 586.
30. Agriculture is included in......... sector.
Ans: Primary sector.
31. Animal husbandry included in......... sector.
Ans: Primary sector.
32. Manufacturing is included in.......... sector.
Ans: Secondary Sector.
33. Industry is included in.......... sector.
Ans: Secondary sector.
34. Transport, trade and Education are included in.......... sector.
Ans: Tertiary Sector.
35. What is the other name of Primary sector?
Ans: Traditional Sector.
36. What is the other name of Secondary sector?
Ans: Industrial Sector and modern sector.
37. Tertiary sector is also called......... sector.
Ans: Service Sector.
38. Cottage industry in included in........ sector.
Ans: Tertiary Sector.
39. National Income is estimated by........
Ans: Finance Commission.
40. Who first estimated National Income?
Ans: DadaBhai Naoroji.
41. Which income are not included in National Income?
Ans: Capital gain, income of a beggar, gift, pension, money got by lottery etc are
not included in National Income.
43. RBI was established under which Act?
Ans: RBI Act, 1934.
44. RBI was established in the year........
Ans: 1935.
45. RBI was established on the recommendation of which commission?
Ans: Hilton Young Commission.
46. RBI was established with Rs..........
Ans: 5 crore.
47. When RBI was nationalized?
Ans: 1st January, 1949.
48. RBI is represented by how many governor?
Ans: 1.
49. RBI is represented by how many Deputy governor?
Ans: 4.
50. Where is the head office of RBI?
Or, The headquarters of RBI is located at......
Ans: Mumbai.
51. How many regional office of RBI?
Ans: 4. ( Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai & New Delhi).
52........... has the sole right to issue bank notes.
Ans: RBI.
53. Where is India's Security press?
Ans: Nashik.
54. Where is security Printing press?
Ans: Hyderabad.
55. Where is modernized currency note press?
Ans.: Mysore ( Karnataka) & Salbani ( West Bengal).
56. Dollar is a........ currency.
Ans: Hard currency.
57. In 1991, which committee was appointed to reform Indian Financial System?
Ans: M.Narasimham Commitee.
58. What is the full name of BIS?
Ans: Bank of International settlement.
59. In which year BIS was founded?
Ans: 1930.
60. Who was the first chairman of Finance Commission?
Ans: K.C. Neogi.
61. Who is the present president/ Chairman of Finance Commission?
Ans: Y.V. Reddy (2015-2020)
62. Who was the 12th chairman of Finance Commission?
Ans: C. Rangarajan.
63. Who was the 13th chairman of Finance Commission?
Ans: V.C. Kelkar.
64. IDBI was founded in........
Ans: 1964.
65. SIDBI was established in.........
Ans: 1990.
66. In which year SEBI was founded?
Ans: 1988 , 12 April.
67. In which year NABARD was established?
Ans: 1982, 12 July
68. In which year UTI was established?
Ans: 1964, 1st July.
69. In which year LIC was established?
Ans: 1956.
70. In which year Export -Import Bank was founded?
Ans: 1982.
71. In which year rural bank was set up?
Ans: 1975.
72. How many rural bank was set up in 1975?
Ans: 5
73. In which year first long term fiscal policy was announced?
Ans: 1985.
74. In which country budget was first introduced?
Ans: England (1780).
75. Who was the first Indian who presented Budget?
Ans: Liakat Ali Khan in 1946.
76. Who first presented Budget in independent India?
Ans: Shanmukhan Chetty. (1947)
77. Who is the first lady who presented budget in India?
Ans: Indira Gandhi (1970)
78. Central govt. collects maximum tax revenue from........ tax.
Ans: Corporation tax ( Direct tax).
79. State govt. collects maximum tax revenue from............. tax.
Ans: Value Added Tax.
80. Central govt. collects maximum non-tax revenue from.........
Ans: Profits and Dividends of Public sector enterprise.
81. State govt. collects maximum non-tax revenue from.......
Ans: Grants and Aids.
82. In which year first zero based budget was adopted by Central govt.?
Ans: 1987.
83. In which year regional rural bank set up?
Ans: 1975.
84. In which year Kisan Credit scheme was introduced?
Ans: 1998.
85. During which five year plan agriculture growth rate was negative?
Ans: 3rd Five Year Plan.
86. The largest source of irrigation in India is.........
Ans: Wells and Tubewells.
87. Who created Zamindari system in India?
Ans: Lord Cornwallis.
88. In which year Zamindari system was started in India?
Ans: 1793.
89. Mahalwari system was introduced in India in which year?
Ans: 1822.
90. Abolition of Zamindari system was started in which year?
Ans: 1948.
91. Abolition of Zamindari system act. was passed in which year?
Ans: 1951.
92. In which year Operation Borga Act was passed?
Ans: 1977.
93. Operation Barga act came into force in which year?
Ans: 1978.
94. Green Revolution mostly succeeded during which five year plan?
Ans: 6th five year plan.
95. Who is called the father of Green Revolution in Indian Economy?
Ans: M.S. Swaminathan.
96. In which year, Agricultural price commission was set up?
Ans: 1965
97. In which year West Bengal land reforms act was passed?
Ans: 1955.
98. In which year minimum wage act was passed?
Ans: 1948.
99. In which year District industries centres ( DICs) were set up?
Ans: 1977.
100. In which year SIDF was set up?
Ans: 1996.
101. TISCO was set up in the year.......
Ans: 1907.
102. The Modern Iron and Steel industry was set up in the year.......
Ans: 1830.
103. Where TISCO was set up?
Ans: At Jamshedpur.
104. In which year Rourkela steel plant was set up?
Ans: 1959.
105. By which country's collaboration Rourkela steel plant was set up?
Ans: Germany.
106. Where Rourkela steel plant was set up?
Ans: At Sundargarh in Orissa.
107. In which year Bhilai Steel plant was set up?
Ans: 1957.
108. By which country's collaboration, Bhilai steel plant was set up?
Ans: Russia.
109. Where Bhilai Steel plant was set up?
Ans: At Drug district in Chhattisgarh.
110. In which year, Durgapur steel plant was set up?
Ans: 1959.
111. By which country's collaboration Durgapur Steel plant was set up?
Ans: Britain in 1959.
112. The Steel Authority of India ltd ( SAIL) was created in........
Ans: 1973.
113. Which industry was the first heavy industry in India?
Ans: Cotton Industry.
114. Cotton industry was first set up in which year?
Ans: 1818.
115. Where first cotton industry was set up?
Ans: Ghusuri/ Ford Gloster.
116. First jute industry was set up in which year?
Ans: 1855 at Rishra.
117. First sugar mill was set up in the year........
Ans: 1901.
118. First cement industry was set up in which year?
Ans: 1904.
119. In which year first paper industry was set up and where?
Ans: 1832. Serampore.
120. In which industry maximum women work?
Ans: Tea Industry.
121. In which year start Jawahar Rozgar Yojana?
Ans: 1989.
122. Which state has smallest population?
Ans: Sikkim.
123. What is India's population density?
Ans: 382 person/ km2
124. Which state has largest population?
Ans: Uttar Pradesh.
125. What is India's sex ratio?
Ans: 940
126. Which is the top literate state?
Ans: Kerala.
127. Which country has largest illiterate population in the world?
Ans: India.
128. The literacy rate of India is......%.
Ans: 74.04%.
129. Which state is the top sex ratio state?
Ans: Kerala.
130. Which state has the most population density?
Ans: Bihar.
131. Who was the chairman of Population census 2011.
Ans: C. Chandra Mouli.
132. Which state rank first in HDI?
Ans: Kerala.
133. Which state is the last state in HDI rank?
Ans: Bihar.
134. What is the rank of West Bengal in HDI
Ans: 8th.
135. In which year National Planning Committee was set up?
Ans: 1937.
136. Under whose chairmanship, National Planning Committee was set up?
Ans: J.L Nehru.
137. In which year National Planning Commission was set up?
Ans: 1950.
138. Who is the ex-officio chairman of National planning commission?
Ans: Prime Minister.
139. In which year National Development council ( NDC) was set up?
Ans: 1952, 6th August.
140. Who is called the father of Indian Planning?
Ans: Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
141. In which year Planning Commission was abolished and Niti Ayog was set up?
Ans: 2015 ( 1st January).
142. What was the main object/ aim of 1st Five Year plan?
Ans: Agricultural development.
143. In which year first land Reforms Bill was introduced in India?
Ans: 1952.
144. The targeted GDP growth rate of First Five Year plan was .......... %.
Ans: 2.1%.
145. The actual GDP growth rate of First five year plan was....... %.
Ans: 3.61 %.
146. Who formulated Second Five Year plan?
Ans: Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
147. Which was the main aim/ objective of Second Five Year Plan?
Ans: Development of Industries.
148. In which Five Year plan Panchayat bill was introduced?
Ans: Second Five year plan.
149. The targeted GDP growth rate of second Five year plan?
Ans: 4.5%.
150. The actual growth rate of the Second Five Year Plan was..... %.
Ans: 4.2%.
151. What was the main objective /aim of Third Five Year plan?
Ans: Self Reliance.
152. In which five year plan agricultural growth rate was negative?
Ans: Third FYP.
153. In which year Food corporation of India was set up?
Ans: 1965.
154. In which five year plan Food Corporation of India was set up?
Ans: Third Five Year Plan.
155. In which year agricultural price commission was set up?
Ans: 1965.
156. In which Five Year plan Agricultural price commission was set up?
Ans: Third Five Year Plan.
157. Khadi and Village industries was set up during which five year plan?
Ans: 3rd Five Year Plan.
158. The targeted GDP growth rate of 3rd Five Year plan was........ %.
Ans: 5.6%.
159. The actual GDP growth rate of 3rd FYP was..... %.
Ans: 2.84%.
160. In which Five Year Plan, first Green Revolution happened?
Ans: Plan Holiday( 1966-69).
161. 14 Private commercial banks were nationalized in........ Plan.
Ans: 4th Five Year plan.
162. 'Gotibi Hotao '- the slogan was coined up in which plan?
Ans: 4th Five Year plan.
163. In which year first, National Family Planning policy was declared?
Ans: 1972 (4th FYP).
164. The targeted GDP growth rate of 4th Five Year Plan was........ %.
Ans: 5.3 %.
165. The actual GDP growth rate of 4th Five Year Plan?
Ans: 3.30%.
166. What was the main objective of 5th Five Year Plan?
Ans: Poverty Alleviation Programme.
167. The targeted GDP growth rate of 5th FYP was...... %.
Ans: 4.4%.
168. The actual growth rate of 5th Five year plan?
Ans: 4.8%.
169. Second Green Revolution was happened in...... plan.
Ans: 6th Five Year Plan.
170. In which year NABARD was set up?
Ans: 1982.
171. In which year EXIM bank was set up?
Ans: 1982.
172. In which Plan period NABARD was set up?
Ans: 6th Five Year Plan.
173. The targeted growth rate of 6th Five Year was......... %.
Ans: 5.02%.
174. The actual growth rate of 6th Five Year plan?
Ans: 5.7%.
175. The targeted GDP of 7th FYP was...... %.
Ans: 5.6%.
176. The actual growth rate of the 7th Five Year Plan?
Ans: 6.01%.
177. In which Five Year Plan Mid Day Meal programme was announced?
Ans: 8th FYP.
178. The targeted GDP growth rate of 8th five year plan was........ %.
Ans: 5.6%.
179. The actual growth rate of 8th Five Year Plan was.......
Ans: 6.78%.
180. In which year Bharat nirman project was announced?
Ans: 2000.
181. The targeted growth rate of 9th Five Year plan was.......%%.
Ans: 6.5
182. The actual growth rate of 9th FYP was..... %.
Ans: 5.35%.
183. The targeted GDP growth rate of 10th FYP was..... %.
Ans: 8%.
184. The actual growth rate of 10th Five Year plan was........ %.
Ans: 7.39%.
185. The targeted GDP growth of 11th FYP was.....%.
Ans: 9%.
186. The actual GDP growth rate of 11th Five Year Plan?
Ans: 7.89%.
187. Mid day meal scheme was launched in.... plan.
Ans: 8 Five Year Plan.
188. Sarba Siksha Avijan was Started in.... plan.
Ans: 9th plan.
189. In which plan child labour Eradication programme was launched?
Ans: 9th FYP.
190. In which year EXIM bank was established?
Ans: 1982
191 Revenues from Agricultural Income Tax is collected and received by....... govt.
Ans: Only State govt.
192. Major part of tax revenue comes from...... .
Ans: Direct Tax.
193. Major part of the Indian Agriculture is characterised by......
Ans: Small size farm.
194. Apex bank for supplying agricultural credit is..........
Ans: Reserve Bank Of India.
195. In which year New Economic plan in India started?
Ans: 1991.
196. In which year RBI was established?
Ans: 1935.
197. In which year Food Corporation of India set up?
Ans: 1965.
198. First Five year plan was started in.....
Ans: 1951.
199. Which is the central bank of India?
Ans: RBI.
200. In which year Mid Day meal project was started?
Ans: 1995.
201. In which state first Barga system was started?
Ans: West Bengal.
202. What is meant by SEBI?
Ans: Security and Exchange Board of India.
203. In India, Fourteen major
commercial banks were nationalized in..... ?
Ans: 1969.
204. In which plan the target of deficit finance was taken as zero?
Ans: 9th Five Year.
205. What is the old name of WTO?
Ans: GATT.
205. What is the full name of IRDP?
Ans: Integrated Rural Development Programme.
207. Who was the first president of AITUC?
Ans: Lala Lajpat Rai.
208. The word 'economics' is formed from which Greek word?
Ans: Oikonomia.
209. Who wrote the book 'An Inquiry into the Nature and causes of wealth of
Nations "?
Ans: Adam Smiths.
210. In which year the book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of wealth of
Nations was published?
Ans: 1776.
211. Who wrote 'Principles of Economics"?
Ans: Alfred Marshal.
212. Who said "Economics is the science which studies human behaviour as a
relationship....."?
Ans: Lionel Robins.
213. Who said " Economics is the study of factors affecting employment and
Standard of living".
Ans: J.M. Keins.
214. Limited role of government is a characteristic of......... economy.
Ans: Capitalist.
215. In which economy, government is the most important decision maker?
Ans: Socialist.
216. Both public and private sectors exist simultaneously in......... economy.
Ans: Mixed.
217. India's economy is a......... economy.
Ans: Mixed.
218. Name a Third world country?
Ans: India.
219. HDI is based on...........
Ans: Life expectancy, Adult Literacy and Per capita income.
220. Name a first world country?
Ans: The U.S.A.
221. In India, which method is used for estimating National Income?
Ans: Both Both production method and income method.
222. Who first estimated National Income in India?
Ans: Dadabhai Naoroji.
223. In which year, National Income committee was set up?
Ans: 1949.
224. Who was the first chairman of National Income Committee?
Ans: P.C. Mahalanobis.
225. In which year, the Deposit Insurance Corporation set up?
Ans: 1962.
226. In which year the Unit Trust of India was set up?
Ans: 1964.
227. In which year ARDC was set up?
Ans: 1963.
228. Dollar is a........ currency.
Ans: Hard currency.
229. In which year, M.Narasimham committee was appointed?
Ans: 1991.
230. Which is the oldest Banking organization in the world?
Ans: BIS ( Bank of International Settlement).
231. What was the main purpose of appointing M.Narasimham committee?
Ans: To reform Indian Financial system.
232. In India which type of currency is used?
Ans: Fiat Currency.
233. In which year ICICI was set up?
Ans: 1955.
234. In which year IRBI was established?
Ans: 1985.
235. In which year UTI ( Unit Trust of India) was set up?
Ans: 1964.
236. In which year LIC was established?
Ans: 1956.
237. In which year GIC was established?
Ans: 1972.
238. In which year SEBI was set up?
Ans: 1988.
239. In which year NABARD was established?
Ans: 1982, 12th July.
240. In which year Rural Bank was set up?
Ans: 1975.
241. How much percentage of people directly involved in Agriculture?
Ans: More than 50%.
242. In which year Commission for Agriculture costs and prices was established?
Ans: 1985.
243. How much, percentage, Agriculture contributes to GDP?
Ans: 14.4%.
244. In West Bengal Land Reforms Programme was known as........
Ans: Operation Borga.
245. White Revolution is related with.........
Ans: Milk.
246. Yellow Revolution is associated / related with.....
Ans: Oilseeds.
247. Silver Revolution is related with.......
Ans: Eggs.
248. Round Revolution is related with.......
Ans: Potato.
249. Ceiling of Irrigated lands in West Bengal is......
Ans: 31 Bighas.
250. In which year Minimum wage Act was passed?
Ans: 1948.
251. Why Omkar Goswami Committee was set up?
Ans: To review Industrial Sickness.
252. In which year NSIC was set up?
Ans: 1955.
253. In Which year SAIL was created?
Ans: 1979.
254. First woolen Textiles was set up in the year.....
Ans: 1876 At Kanpur
255. Which is the largest profit earning PSU?
Ans: ONGC.
256. Darjeeling is famous for..... industry.
Ans: Tea.
257. Nadia and Murshidabad is famous for...... Industry.
Ans: Silk Industry.
258. Panchayats in West Bengal are authorised to collect...........
Ans: Land Revenue.
259. National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme gives right to employment for-
Ans: 100 days a year.
260. BPL means -
Ans: Below Poverty line.
261. Indian Economy is a -
Ans: Mixed Economy.
262. Kharagpur Railway work-shop was built in-
Ans: 1900.
263. Planning commission of india is a-
Ans: Statutory Body.
264. The latest population census was undertaken in-
Ans: 2011.
265. Green Revolution occurred first in -
Ans: Punjab and Haryana.
266. India is a full member of-
Ans: SAARC.
267. The Mahalanobis strategy of Indian Planning gave emphasis to the growth of-
Ans: Heavy Industries.
268. Who published Sarvodaya plan and in which year?
Ans: In 1950, By Shri Jayaprakash Narayan.
269. Who published People's plan and in which year?
Ans: M.N. Roy in 1945.
270. In which year National Development Council ( NDC) was set up?
Ans: 1952 ( 6th August).
271. Duration of the Perspective plan is-
Ans: 15-20 years.
272. In which year Niti Aayog was set up?
Ans: 2015.
273. In which five year plan first community development programme was started?
Ans: First Five Year plan.
274. Which plan is known as Mahalanobis plan?
Ans: 2nd Five Year plan.
275. India imported food from the USA first time during which five year plan?
Ans: 4th FYP.
276. 20 points programme was started during which five year plan?
Ans: 5th Five year plan.
277. In which year India delicensed all industries except five major industries?
Ans: 1991.
278. In which year Employment Assurance scheme was announced?
Ans: 1993.
279. National Income in India is estimated by-
Ans: Finance Commission.
280. NNP means?
Ans: Net National Product.
281. In which plan the growth of National Income was highest?
Ans: 11th FYP.
282. IMF start its operation from.......
Ans: 1st March, 1947.
283. In which year ADB was established?
Ans: 1966.
284. The headquarters of UNCTAD?
Ans: ​Juneva​.
285. In which year SAARC was set up?
Ans: ​1985​.
286. Where is the headquarters of SAARC?
Ans: ​Kathmandu ​( ​Nepal​).
287. OPEC was set up in ........
Ans: 1960.
288. Headquarters of OPEC?
Ans: Vienna.
289. APEC was established in.......
Ans: 1989.
290. Where is the headquarters of APEC?
Ans: ​Singapore​.
291. Headquarters of FAO?
Ans: Rome.
292. FAO was set up in......
Ans: ​1945​.
293. ILO was founded in....
Ans: 1919.
294. Headquarters of ILO?
Ans: Juneva.
296. World economic Forum.was set up in........
Ans: 1971.
297. The second largest tax revenue of the Central govt is........
Ans: Central Excise Duty.
298. Ceiling of non- irrigated land in West Bengal is....... bighas.
Ans: 57 Bighas.
299. Green Revolution mostly succeeded during........ plan.
Ans: 6th Five Year Plan.
300. In Which year Raj Committee was appointed?
Ans: 1972.
301. Abijit Sen Committee was appointed in-
Ans: 2002.
302. PV-18 is a variety of........
Ans: Wheat seed.
303. IR8 is a variety of......
Ans: Rice.
304. Blue Revolution associated with.......
Ans: Fisheries.
305. National seeds Corporation ( NSC) was set up in-
Ans: 1963.
306. Saptarishi Committee was appointed in-
Ans: 2002.
307. What was the main purpose of appointment of Saptarishi committee?
Ans: To Reform domestic tea industry.
308. What was the main purpose of Appointing of Mahajan committee (1998)?
Ans: To Develope Sugar Industry.
309. In which year National Commission of Labour was set up?
Ans: 1966 ( Dec).
310. National Equity Fund was set up in......
Ans: ​1987 ​.
311. In which industries license is compulsory?
Ans: Five major industries. i) Alcoholic drinks ii) Cigar- cigarettes iii) Electric,
Aerospace, defence equipment iv) Industrial Explosive v) Hazardous chemicals.
312. In which year Jawahar Rozgar Yojana ( JRY) was started?
Ans: 1989.
313. In which year Employment Assurance Scheme ( EAS) was started?
Ans: 1993, 2nd October.
314. Community Development programme ( CDP) was started in-
Ans: 1952.
315. In which year Antyodaya Yojana was started?
Ans: 1977-78.
316. In which year Nehru Razgar Yojana ( NRY) was started?
Ans: 1989.
317. In which year Child Labour Eradication Scheme was started?
Ans: 1994.
318. In which year last Population census Report was published?
Ans: 2011.
319. Population census of India is measured after a gap of.......
Ans: 10 years.
320. What was the slogan of population census 2011?
Ans: Our census our future.
321. In which year 5th Five year plan was terminated by Janata Govt.?
Ans: 1978.
322. In Which five year plan agricultural growth rate overtake targeted growth
rate?
Ans: 6th FYP.
323. New economic policy of India was declared in....... plan.
Ans: Annual plan of 1990-92.
324. Special economic act passed in......
Ans: 2005.
325. Special Economic Act came into force on-
Ans- 10th Feb, 2006.
326. The National Green Tribunal was established in India in-
Ans: 2010.
327. The headquarters of NATO is located in-
Ans: Brussels.
328. The jute mill was set up in India in-
Ans: 1850.
329. Mention the year in which Indo- Soviet Friendship Treaty was signed?
Ans: 1971.
330. A high birth rate is associated with -
Ans: A low Female Literacy rate.
331. What is capital?
Ans: Money is capital.
332. Which institution is directly connected with the framing of Indian monetary
policy?
Ans: Industrial Development Bank of India.
333. Ombudsman institution was originated in-
Ans: Sweden.
334. Where was the 17th SAARC summit held?
Ans: Maldives.
335. Planning Commission is a-
Ans: Non-Political Body.
336. Rolling Plan cover the period -
Ans: 1978-83.
337. People of Sundarbans derives livelihood basically from-
Ans: Fishing.
338. The 10th plan allocations gave the maximum boost to-
Ans: Agriculture.
339. Chittaranjan in West Bengal is well known for its-
Ans: Locomotive works.
340. The largest source of India's Gross Domestic Product is-
Ans: Services Sector.
341. National textile policy was announced in-
Ans: 2000.
342. Cement industry was first opened at-
Ans: Madras ( Chennai).
343. At present, how many Navaratna company?
Ans: 18.
344. In which year MRTP act was passed?
Ans: 1969.
345. MRTP act came into force in-
Ans: 1970.
346. FERA was passed in-
Ans: 1973.
347. Duration of Rabi crop?
Ans: October to March.
348. National Horticulture Mission was started in-
Ans: 2005-06.
349. Round Revolution is associated with?
Ans: Potato.
350. The term.Green Revolution was coined by-
Ans: Dr. William Gande.
351. The First Agricultural Research Centre of the world was established at-
Ans: Ellses ( 1834).
352. Who established First Agricultural Research Centre?
Ans: J.V. Bosingault.
353. Operation Flood is related with which Revolution?
Ans: White Revolution ( milk).
354. How many methods to measure National Income?
Ans: Three.
355. Which organisation measures National Income?
Ans: CSO.
356. Who invented The method of measuring National Income?
Ans: Simon Kuznets.
357. Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act was passed in-
Ans: 1956.
358..India's biggest stock market?
Ans: BSE.
359. India's Oldest Stock Exchange?
Ans: BSE.
360. What is the full name of DFHI?
Ans: Discount And Finance House of India Ltd.
361. CRISIL was established in-
Ans: 1987.
362. Apex bank for house-loan is-
Ans: NHB.
363. 6 Billion Day is-
Ans: 12 October.
364. Service Tax started in India in-
Ans: 1994-95.
365. First Finance Commission was set up in-
Ans: 1951.
366. FEMA was passed in -
Ans: 1999.
367. In which year 'Wealth of Nation' was published?
Ans: 1776.
368. Who is called the father of Economics?
Ans: Adam Smith.
369. Who wrote 'Planned Economy of India'?
Ans: M. Visheshoraya.
370. Plan is approved by-
Ans: NDC.
371. Duration of Rolling Plan?
Ans: 1978-80.
372. Which organization established IFC?
Ans: World Bank.
373. ADB was set up in-
Ans: 1966.
375. Financial Year starts from the Day-
Ans: 1st April.
376. India's largest/biggest private bank is-
Ans: ​ICICI​.
377. Duration of Plan Holiday?
Ans: 1966-69.
378. Girl day is observed on-
Ans: 9 December.
379. India Brand Equity Fund was set up in-
Ans: 1996.
380. Pure Banking, Nothing Else - The slogan is of... bank?
Ans: SBI.
381. The main source of National Income?
Ans: Service Sector.
382. IRDP was started in-
Ans: 1979-80
383. India's rank in milk production?
Ans: Operation Flood had taken in the year.....
Ans: 1970.
384. In which state Female Literacy Rate is Lowest?
Ans: Bihar.
385. World Environment Day is observed on-
Ans: 5th June.
386. Consumer's sovereignty is a characteristic of......... economy.
Ans: Capitalist economy.
387. In planned Economy, the economic plan is made by........
Ans: Central Authority.
388. What is the main source of livelihood in Agricultural economy?
Ans: Agriculture.
389. The standard of living is very high in which economy?
Ans: Developed Economy.
390. The standard of living is very low in........economy.
Ans: Under developed Economy.
391. What are causes behind economic problem in India?
Ans: Unlimited human wants and scarcity of resources.
392. The study of the functioning of an economy as a whole is called.......
Ans: Macro Economy.
393. The study of the individual behavior such as demand, supply,
cost, revenue etc is called......... economy.
Ans: Micro Economy.
394. Variable rates and open market operations are instrument of....
Ans: Monetary policy.
395. The watch fog of international trade is-
Ans: WTO
396. cheap money policy implies-
Ans: Low interest rates.
397. The National Renewal Fund is a part of
Ans: Public Sector Reforms
398. The system of currency issue in India is
Ans: Miminum Reserve System.
399. The largest source of savings in India is-
Ans: Household sector.
400. The Rangarajon Committee was set up on-
Ans: PSU Disinvestment.
401. Name the chairman of the 11th Finance Commission.
Ans: A.M. Khusro.
402. National Income estimates in India is prepared by-
Ans: CSO
403. Which state posseses the maximum percentage of SC population?
Ans: Punjab.
404. NABARD was estimated on the recommendation of -
Ans: Shivaraman Committee.
405. The largest source of National Sector in India is -
Ans: Service Sector
406. Which control the working of share market in India?
Ans: SEBI.
407. Which sector has the maximum quantam of disguished unemployment in
India.
Ans: Agriculture.
408. What was the field of Sunderajan Committee?
Ans: Petroleum.
409. Which city is known as the electrical city?
Ans: Bangalore.
410. Which union territory is the most dense populated region of the country?
Ans: Delhi.
411. Indicative plan was started in India from -
Ans: 8th plan.
412. Theory of Balance growth was propounded by -
Ans: R. Nurkse.
413. Blue revolution is related to Fisheries.
414. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana was launched in -
Ans: December 2000.
415. When per-capita income is maximum, the population is called -
Ans: Optimum Population.
416. India's paper currency is controlled by -
Ans: The Reserve Bank of India.
417. The National Planning Commission ( NPC) has to submit its reports to-
Ans: National Development Council.
418. CSO stands for -
Ans: Central Statistical Organization.
419. The Employment Gurrantee Scheme, a rural work programme was
first started in-
Ans: Maharastra.
420. There was devalution of currency in -
Ans: 1999.
421. Who wrote Planned Economy for India in 1934?
Ans: SirM.Visvesvaraya.
422. Operation flood programme is associated with -
Ans: Boosting milk supply.
423. The Reserve Bank of India issues notes under which method of note issue?
Ans: Minimum Reserve Method.
424. The least populous state is-
Ans: Sikkim.
425. Which industry gives the maximum employment?
Ans: Cotton Industry.
426. The Planning Commision of India is a-
Ans: Non- statutory body.
427. The beginnings of the Green Revolution were made during the annual plan.
428. A Finance Commission is constituted every...... years.
Ans: 5 years.
429. The word Bull and Bear are used in-
Ans: Stock Exchange.
430. Penal rate is also known as -
Ans: Bank rate.
431. In India , National Income us calculated by the method which is known as-
Ans: Combined Method ( Both).
432. Devaluation of currency helps to promote -
Ans: Export.
433. The most important non- tariff trade barrier is-
Ans: Quotas.
434. In which field did India world wide reputation during mid 18th Century?
Ans: Cotton Textiles.
435. Who wrote- " The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money '"?
Ans: J.M. Keynes.
436. Which year is known as year of the geat divide?
Ans: 1921.
437. The sex ratio is lowest in
Ans: Arunachal Pradesh.
438. Which is the most polluted city in India?
Ans: Mumbai.
439. The planning commission was set up by the Government of India in -
Ans: 1950.
440. The first five year plan was finalized in
Ans: March 1951.
441. IDBI is a -
Ans: Bank.
442. The monopolies and Restrictive trade Practices Commission was set up in-
Ans: 1970.
443. Which financial institution in India hold the largest assets?
Ans: Life Insurance Corporation.
444.The most important source of revenues of the states in India is-
Ans: Sales tax/ VAT.
445. The Raj Committee (1972) proved into-
Ans: Agriculture holding tax.
446. Rekhi Committee dealt with
Ans: Indirect Taxes.
447. The zoro base budgeting approached has been adopted from-
Ans: April 1, 1987.
448. Name the chairman of 10th Finance Commission?
Ans: K.C Pant.
449. Which Committee was,set up on the cash credit system?
Ans: Chore Committee.
450. The Rangarajan Committee was set up in on-
Ans: PSU Disinvestment.
451. The new strategy called Green Revolution was initiated in-
Ans: 1965.
452. The main impact of the Green Revolution has been on-
Ans: Cereals.
453. The word Green Revolution was connected with-
Ans: Agricultural production.
454. Who coined the term Green Revolution?
Ans: William Gond.
455. Green Revolution has led to marked increased in-
Ans: Productivity of wheat.
456. Which state grows sugarcane as a major crop?
Ans: Uttar Pradesh.
457. State Bank of India formally known as--
Ans: Imperial Bank of India.
458. Reserve Bank of India is a-
Ans: Government owner bank.
459. The term Prudential norm is associated with....
Ans: Banking Sector Reforms.
460. Who maintains Foreign Exchange Reserve in our country?
Ans: Reserve Bank of India.
461. Term loan for expansion of industries in India is mainly provided by-
Ans: Development Banks.
462. The One rupee currency notes of India arw issued by-
Ans: The Ministry of Finance, Govt of India.
463. The EXIM bank of India deals with -
Ans: The exports and imports of India.
464. The largest sources of India's Gross Domestic Produce is-
Ans: Service Sectors.
465. Apex Bank of supplying agricultural credit is-
Ans: NABARD.

Points​ (Very Important for Prelims)

1. The Green Revolution in agriculture has made the Indian farmers
dependent on → Fertilizer and pesticides.
2. The word Green Revolution was connected with → Agricultural production.
3. The word Green Revolution was coined by William Gand.
4. Land reforms refers to government's efforts on → abolishing
ownership rights of non-cultivating landlords.
5. Green Revolution was most successful in the → Sixties.
6. Green Revolution in India was started in → 1965.
7. Green Revolution has led to marked increase in → Productivity of wheat.
8. Uttar Pradesh grows sugarcane as a major crop?
9. Operation Barga refers to → A programme of universal registration of tenants.
10. Operation Barga was first introduced in West Bengal.
11. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development ( NABARD)
was established in → 1982.
12. Food corporation of India was set up in → 1965.
13. Green Revolution occurred first in → Punjab and Haryana.
14. Land reforms largely benefitted the economic cindition of → Small farmers.
15. New agi-structural strategy created special benefits for →
Agricultural labourers.
16. Revenue from agricultural income tax is collected and received by
→ Only state government.
17. NABARD is associated with → Rural development.
18. The New Agricultural Strategy was introduced in India in the
decade of → 1960's.
19. State bank of India was formally known as → The Imperial Bank of India.
20. The Reserve Bank of India is a government- owner bank.
21. Bank rate is an instrument of credit Control.
22. The term prudential norm is associated with → Banking sector Reform.
23. Grand Bank is located near → Newfoundland.
24. The place where banks settle their mutual claims and accounts is
known as a → Clearing House.
25. In India fourteen major commercial banks were nationalized in the
year → 1969.
26. India's Central Bank is → Reserve Bank of India.
27. Reserve Bank of India was established in → 1935.
28. Bank rate is the rate at which banks lend money to the depositors
29. Reserve Bank of India maintains exchange reserve in our country.
30. Prime Lending Rate is not determined by Reserve Bank of India.
31. Term loan for expansion of industries in India is mainly provided
by → Development Banks.
33. The credit co-operative institution at the village level is called
→ Primary Agricultural Credit Society.
34. Industrial credit is available from IDBI, IFCI, SFCs.
35. The EXIM Bank of India deals with → the export and imports of India.
36. A mixed economy is one when private and public economics units
operate side by side.
37. Balance of Payment Account of a country records the country's
economic transactions with the rest of the world.
38. In a developed economy the major share of employment otiginates in
the Tertiary period.
39. Variable cost increses continuosly with increase in production.
40. Those who benifit from inflation are → Debtors.
41. The national income of a country is → Sum total of factor incomes.
42. The largest source of India's Gross Domestic Produce is Service Sector.
43.If withdrawal of a worker from employment does not create any
output loss, this situation is known as → Disguised unemployment.
44. Apex bank for supplying agricultural credit is → NABARD.
45. Peasant farming means the tenant cultivates the land.
46. If the rural landlord also supplies rural credit to the tenants,
it is called Semi- Feudalism.
47. The period of annual plans 1966-69 is usually regarded as → Plan Holiday.
48. 1978-79 to 1979 to 1980 during Janata Part Govt. was also Annual
Plan known as Rolling Plan.
49. The second Five Year plan was based on → the Mahalonobis strategy.
50. Economic Reforms and Liberalization were introduced in Indian
Planning in the 1990s.
51. Economic Reforms and Liberalization were introduced in Indian
planning in the→ 1990s.
52. The concept of planning was first approached in India by → M. Visvesvaraya.
53. M. Visvesvaraya wrote a book " Planned Economy for India " in 1934.
54. The Planning Commission was appointed in March 1950 under the
chairmanship of → Jawaharlal Nehru.
55. Indian leader accepted planning from the experience of Russia.
56. The Ninth Plan aims population growth at 1.7%.
57. India's Five Year Plan plans are finally approved by the →
National Development Council.
58. Seventh plan laid stress on science and technology.
59. The planning Commission is An Advisory body.
60. The objective of the plan strategy followed in the first seven
plans was → Achieving self - reliance. 61. National Development
Council finally approves the draft five - year plan.
62. Third give year plan had to be given a short holiday.
63. The fifth five year plan was terminated at the end of fourth year
because the Janata Party wanted to start a new plan with charged
objective and patterns.
64. The heavy and basic industriazation is associated with India's
Second Five Year plan.
65. The period of Annual plans was 1966-69.
66. The Indian Planning Commission was formed in the year 1950.
67. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis is associated with formation of
planning strategy in Second Five Year plan.
68. Garibi Hathao slogan was coined by Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
69. The real introduction of Decentralized planning in India was made
for the first time during the 8th Plan.
79. Planning Commission is a non- statutory body.
80. National Development Council deals with The Approval of Five Year Plans.
81. In Eighth Five Year plan a bold approach was adopted towards a
long term employment policy.
82. Fifth five Year plan was suspended one year before its time schedule.
83. During 4th Five Year plan Green Revolution initiated in India ( 1960s).
84. Rolliing Plan covered the period 1978-83.
85. Planning Commission is a Quasi-political body.
86. Six annual plans have been completed till the commercement of 10th plan.
87. The Mahalanobis strategy of India planing gave emphasis to the
growth of Heavy capital goods industrial sector.
88. Heavy industrialization was introduced in India in the Second
Five Year Plan.
89. India experience to successive wars during Third Five Year Plan.
90. The first plan holiday in independent India covered the period 1966-69.
91. Deficit Financing increases money supply.
92. Deficit Financing of a plan normally has An inflationary effect on
the economy.
93. In the Union Budget 2015-16, the fiscal deficit has been pegged at 3.9%.
94. Centre -State financial relations are looked after by Finance Commission.
95. Finance Commission is a constitutional body appointed by the
President every five years to review Centre- State Financial
Relationship.
96. Fiscal policy refers to Related to revenue and expenditure policy
of the Government.
97. The Fiscal Responsibility and budget Management Act deals with
Both fiscal deficit and revenue deficit.
98. The Finance Commission is Constituted by the president every five years.
99. Indian rupee is fully convertible at Current Account.
100. The Railway Budget of India is separate from the union Budget.
101. The monetary policy of India is framed by The Reserve Bank of India
102. IREDA is associated with Development of renewable energy.
103. West Bengal's own industrial policy was declared in the year → 1994.
104. From 1991, the policy of globalisation of Indian Economy has
been followed.
105. In the second industrial policy of 1956, industries were divided
into three classes.
106. Liberalization of Indian Economy started from 1985.
107. Radical Liberalization started from 1992.
108. ONGC stands for Oil and Natural Gas Commission.
109. Tertiary sector activities include Infrastructures.
110. The universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on December 10,
1948.
111. The earlier name of WTO was GATT.
112. SAARC is a regional organization of South Asian States.
113. World Trade Organisation was established in the year 1995.
114. Community Development Programme started in 1952.
115. Balwantrai Mehta Committee was appointed to examine the community
Development Projects.
116. Mid Day Meal Scheme was launched by 1995.
117. In terms of Human Development Index, India falls under medium category.
118. A system of Panchayati Raj existed even before 1947 in Tamil Nadu.
119. The National Wildlife Action Plan was adopted by India in 1983.
120. Functional Theory of Resources was propounded by Zimmerman.
121. The iron and steel plants of Rourkela and Durgapur were conceived
under the second five year plan.
122. Sarkaria Commission was constituted in 1983 on Centre-state relationships.
123. Increasing female literacy is expected to affect the birth rate
in this way→ To decline.
124. Marginal workers are people with less than 183 days of work in a
census year.
125. Foundation year: IFCI -1948, ICICI-1955, IDBI-1964, SIDBI-1990,
IRBI-1985, UTI-1964, LIC-1956, GIC-1972, GIC MUTUAL FUND- 1990, SEBI
-1988, NABARD - 1982.
126. Issuing currency is not an instrument of fiscal policy.
127. Budget is presented by the finance minister in Loksabha.
128. VAT is regressive in nature.
129. Excise duty is a indirect tax.
130. Main bearers of burden of indirect tax are - consumers.
131. Temporary tax levied to obtain additional revenue is called Surcharge.
132. Companies pays corporation charge on their income.
133. VAT was first introduced in Haryana.
134. Raj Committee is related to agricultural tax.
135. At present, 2nd largest tax revenue of the central govt is
central excise duty
136. Agricultural price commission was set up in 1965
137. Intensive Agricultural District programme was taken during Third
Five Year Plan.
138. First agri Export zone announced in 2001-2002.
139. National Commission of farmers was set up on Feb. 2004.
140. The headquarters of SIDBI is at Loknow.
141. PV-18, Kalyan sona 227, Sona lika (S-308),- are the varieties of
wheat seed.
142. HM10 Hybrid Vijoy is a variety of Bajra seeds.
143. IR 8, PR 106, Jharna 351, Padma, Jaya, Ratna are the varieties of
rice seed.
144. Abhijit sen Committee is related with the long term grain policy.
145. White Revolution started in India in 1970.
146. In 1948 minimum wage act was passed.
147. National Commission on Labour was first set up in December 1966.
148. Omkar Goswami Committee was set up to review industrial sickness.
149. Abid Hussain Committee was set up to review the small scale sickness.
150. In 1977, District Industrial Centres ( DISs) were set up.
151. 1955, National Small scale Industrial Corporation (NSIC) was set up.
152. In 1967, Subimal Dutta Committee was set up to improve industrial
licensing.
153. Monopolies Restriction on Trade Practices ( MRTP) act was passed in 1969.
154. Modern steel and iron industry was set up in 1830 at Port Novo in
Tamil Nadu.
155. Tata Iron and Steel Company ( TISCO) was set up in collaboration
with Germany in 1959 at Sundergarh district ( Orissa).
157. Bhilai Steel plant was set up in Collaboration with Russia in
1957 at Drug district ( Chhatishgarh).
158. Durgapur Steel plant was set up in Collaboration with Britain in 1959.
159. The Steel Authority of India ( SAIL) was created in 1973.
160. The first heavy industry in India is cotton industry which was
first set up in 1818 at Ford Gloster/ Ghusuri.
161. 1st Jute Industry was set up in 1855 at Rishra.
162. 1st woolen textile mill was set up in 1876 at Kanpur.
163. 1st sugar mill was set up in 1901 in Bihar.
164. Cement Industry was first set up in 1904 in Madras.
165. 1st paper industry wss set up in 1832 at Serampur.
166. Tea industry absorbs maximum female workers.
167. Largest profit making PSU is ONGC.
168. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was started in 1978-79.
169. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana was started in 1989.
170. Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) was started on 2nd October,
1993. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana ( PRGM) was started in
2000-2001.
171. Swarana Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojona ( SJGSY) was introduced in 1999.
172. Community Development Programme was started in 1952.
173. Twenty Point programme was started in 1952.
174. Antyodaya Yojana was started in 1977-78.
175. Nehru Rozgar Yojona was started in October 1989.
179. Child labour Eradication scheme was started on August 15, 1994.
180. Annapurna Yojana was started in March 1999.
181. The chairman of the 13th finance commission was Vijoy Kelker.
182. NABARD was recommended by Shivraman committee.
183. The term smart money is related with credit card.
184. World investment report is published by UNCTAD.
185. Duration of 11th five year plan is 2007-2012.
186. IRDP was started in 1978-79.
187. NABARD was established during sixth five year plan.
188. RBI was nationalized in 1949.
189. Innovation lab was established by TCS.
190. CSO estimates National Income.
191. Kutir Jyoti Progrrmme was started in 1988-89.
192. First NIRMAL state of India is Sikkim.
193. Gandhian Plan was published in 1944.
194. IRDA is related with insurence sector.
195. NSS ( NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY) was established in 1950.
196..Asian Development Fund was set up by ADB.
197. Income tax was introduced in India by James Willson.
198. COPRA ( Consumer Protection Act) was started in 1986.
199. RRB ( Regional Rural Bank) was established in 1975.
200. NABARD is bank.

--------------