An Internship Report

On

NAME OF ORGANIZATION

by

Mudassir Salal

Institute of Management Sciences

Kohat University of Science and Technology
Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
August 2018
 An Internship Report
On

KOHAT UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to the University in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of BBA (Finance)

Mudassir Salal

(MS120142017)

Institute of Management Sciences

Kohat University of Science and Technology
Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
August 2018
 Approval Sheet

The Internship Report

On
Admission Section
KUST

by
Mudassir Salal
BBA 8th (Finance)

of

Kohat University of Science &Technology, Kohat

has been approved for submission to the Controller of Examinations,

KUST in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Business Studies (Finance)

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Dr.Muhammad Khushnood Dr. Zeeshan Zaib Khattak
Assistant Professor Director
Institute of Management Sciences
Kohat University of Science and Technology

Date of Oral Examination 08/10/2018

I
Internship Certificate

II
 Dedication

I humbly dedicate this report and the efforts, time and hard work put in it to my
parents as without their moral support and prayers, it would have been quite a
difficult task for me to undergo internship and to frame its report.

III
 Acknowledgements

I am thankful to my internship report supervisor Dr. Muhammad Khushnood,

whose useful support, better suggestions and good supervision lead me towards
the successful completion of this report. I am also thankful to my teachers who
taught me well throughout my BBA (Hons) program. I am also thankful to my
friends and especially our seniors for providing me support and courage in order
to complete my task.

In last I am thankful to my family members and especially to my father who

encouraged me and made me hopeful and energetic in the completion of my
report.

Kohat, 2018 Mudassir Salal

Executive Summary

Start with the name of ALLAH; I am going to write the internship report after
performing two months internship at Kohat University of science and technolo-
gy which is the part of the academic requirement for the completion of 4 year
education in the bachelor of business administration (BBA). Therefore each and
every student is required to prepare the report on a recognized organization, and
work in their specialized field

The University achieve its academic betterment through continuous improve-

ment in the research and through the development of faculty and students by
providing them conducive environment of innovation and creation.

Kohat University of science and technology is a public sector university which

is established back in December, 2001 for the purpose of providing quality edu-
cation in this area, related to biological, management, and social sciences. The
primary objective of the university is to provide quality education with all avail-
able resources and research, with innovative ideas through highly motivated
person-nel which are very hardworking and focused on their career to pursue.

V
Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... V

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI

Table of Figures ....................................................................................................................... IX

Table of Tables .......................................................................................................................... X

List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... XI

1 Introduction to the Report .................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Methodology of Report ............................................................................................... 1

1.3 Outline of Report ........................................................................................................ 2

2 Industry Analysis ................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 Organizational Hierarchy:........................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 Administration: ............................................................................................... 4

2.1.2 Registrar: ........................................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 Academic: ....................................................................................................... 4

2.1.4 Finance: .......................................................................................................... 4

2.1.5 Planning: ......................................................................................................... 5

2.1.6 Controller of Exam: ........................................................................................ 5

2.1.7 QEC: ............................................................................................................... 5

2.1.8 Sports: ............................................................................................................. 5

2.1.9 Library: ........................................................................................................... 5

VI
 2.1.10 Academic Departments: ................................................................................. 6

2.2 Key Success Factors ................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Communicating: ............................................................................................. 6

2.2.2 Developing talents: ......................................................................................... 7

2.2.3 Team-working: ............................................................................................... 7

2.2.4 Taking responsibility: ..................................................................................... 7

2.2.5 Finding Solutions: .......................................................................................... 7

2.2.6 Thinking Strategically: ................................................................................... 8

2.3 Porter’s Five Forces .................................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 Risk of entry by potential competitors: .......................................................... 9

2.3.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers: ......................................................................... 9

2.3.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:.................................................................... 10

2.3.4 Threat of Substitute products: ...................................................................... 10

2.3.5 Rivalry among current competitors: ............................................................. 10

3 Company Analysis ............................................................................................................. 12

3.1 Company Introduction .............................................................................................. 12

3.2 Company Analysis (Finance).................................................................................... 13

3.2.1 HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS:....................................................................... 13

3.3 RATIO ANALYSIS: ................................................................................................ 15

3.4 INTERPRETATION: ............................................................................................... 16

3.4.1 CASH RATIO: ............................................................................................. 16

3.4.2 NET OPERATING RATIO: ........................................................................ 16

VII
 3.4.3 CURRENT RATIO: ..................................................................................... 17

3.5 VERTICAL ANALYSIS: ......................................................................................... 17

3.6 INTERPRETATION: ............................................................................................... 19

4 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 21

References ................................................................................................................................. 22

VIII
Table of Figures

Figure 1: This figure explains that how the hierarchy of KUST works: ............................. 3

Figure 2: Diagrammatic view of Porter five forces................................................................ 8

Figure 3 Cash Ratio of KUST 2013-2016: ............................................................................ 16

Figure 4 Net Operating Ratio 2013-2016: ............................................................................. 17

Figure 5 Cash Ratio 2013-2016 KUST: ................................................................................. 17

IX
Table of Tables

Table 1 income statement of KUST 2013-2016 (Amount in Rs) ......................................... 14

Table 2 Ratio Analysis of KUST 2013-2016 ......................................................................... 15

X
List of Abbreviations

KUST Kohat university of science and technology

KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
KPI’s Key performance indicators

XI
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Report

1 Introduction to the Report

Start with the name of ALLAH; I am going to write the internship report after
performing two months internship at Kohat University of science and technolo-
gy which is the part of the academic requirement for the completion of 4 year
education in the bachelor of business administration (BBA). Therefore each and
every student is required to prepare the report on a recognized organization, and
work in their specialized field.

Therefore I (Mudassir Salal) the student of BBA is to undergo the internship

program for two months as an internee in the Kohat University, main purpose of
doing an internship is that to make familiar the student with real work environ-
ment that what is the difference between the work environment and what they
have learnt in the books. So I decided to do internship in an Admission Section
of Kohat University of Science and Technology. During my stay in Admission
section of KUST, I got very good opportunity to learn and gain the experience
in the relevant fields.

1.1 Purpose of Study

• To find the reasons for doing an internship as part of the career devel-
opment process.

• To efficiently analyze and understand the business operation

• To use the bookish knowledge in the work environment.

• To learn new skills for what we would like to learn and contribute to the
employer.

• To get some knowledge about the business operations.

1.2 Methodology of Report

During my stay at KUST as an internee the most important task was to collect
the most relevant information about the KUST, for which I use number of

1
Chapter 1 • Introduction to the Report

methods to collect the data to make the report. The methods which I adopted to
make this report is based on the primary and secondary data. The sources of
primary data is the interviews with the employees and my personal observa-
tions, while the secondary data which I gathered from the annual reports, KUST
Statutes Internet (www.kust.edu.pk) Internet (www.hec.org.pk)

1.3 Outline of Report

This Report is consisting of four sections:

• Section 1st
Include introduction, purpose, methodology, (Primary and secondary data), and
scheme of the report, (chapters of report).

• Section 2nd
Include “Industry Analysis” brief history of organization, objectives, Porter’s
five forces and key success factors.

• Section 3rd
Include “Company analysis” Financial Analysis (Horizontal and vertical analy-
sis, ratio analysis) and SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
and Threats).

• Section 4th
Include “Findings and Suggestions” in terms of finding the deficiencies in the
departments of the company as well as in the overall organization and after that
gives suitable Suggestions

2
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

2 Industry Analysis

Kohat University of science and technology is the public sector organization

that established in December 2001 with the objective to provide the quality edu-
cation to the societies of this area in the field of science and technologies. The
primary objective of KUST is to provide the quality education with all its avail-
able resources and bring the research and innovation in the field of education.
KUST also promote and facilitate the advancement distribution of the
knowledge in country in general and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in particular, and
undertake the research on the problems in those areas where quick solution may
be expected through the introduction of such facilities.

2.1 Organizational Hierarchy:

As we know all the organizations have their own hierarchy same like
that KUST is their own hierarchy in which they work and achieve their
goals.

Figure 1: This figure explains that how the hierarchy of KUST works:

3
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

2.1.1 Administration:

Administration is the department of any organization which handle the

different tasks for the organization same like that admin section of
KUST is also performing various tasks for KUST such as dealing with
the finance, planning, research and development etc. below are the de-
tailed information about the KUST administration that how they work
for the organization

2.1.2 Registrar:

It is the establishment section of the KUST. In their duties they involved

different tasks such as hiring someone, development of employees for
future job needs and to enhance employee’s skills and capabilities. Their
Primary focus is on teaching staff.

2.1.3 Academic:

This section is responsible for the academic policies that the academic
policies must be updated and implemented to ensure the academic excel-
lence to effectively compete with the other universities for academic
policies play a vital role.

2.1.4 Finance:

Finance is the very important for any organization without finance de-
partment any organization cannot achieve its goal effectively. This sec-
tion have different responsibilities. Which consists of book of Accounts,
store section, budget, pension and internal audit. Each section has their
own methods of performing their respective tasks.

4
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

2.1.5 Planning:

Without planning any organization cannot achieve its goal therefor they
must make effective plans for their goals, same like that KUST also
makes plans to bring the improvements in the overall activities, and
highlights the key activities to be performed to improve the standards of
the Kohat University Science and technology.

2.1.6 Controller of Exam:

This section deals with the all kind examination that held in KUST as
examination is the essential element of the education that each student
must be evaluated. This section must ensure the transparent and fair ed-
ucation system.

2.1.7 QEC:

It is the quality enhancement cell that comes with the functions to look
over the barriers that comes the education system and give the sugges-
tions to remove these barriers smoothly.

2.1.8 Sports:

Sports is the very necessary for the good health it keeps the person very
healthy and helps in accepting challenging goals and to work with these
goals and absorb pressure. This department gives the chance to represent
the KUST at the national level.

2.1.9 Library:

It is very necessary for every educational organization to must have the

library full of useful materials according to this KUST have a very fine
library with huge amount of books for learning purpose. Also the envi-
ronment of library is very suitable and friendly for reading books they
recently upgraded their library by introducing laptops with the facilities

5
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

of internet which plays a vital role the academic success now a days by
keeping yourself up to date that what is going on in the world.

2.1.10 Academic Departments:

Academic is consists of various departments such as biological sciences

medical science physical sciences, and social sciences. If we talk about
the biological sciences its consists of botany zoology, Microbiology, and
biotech etc. which actually deals with different kind of species of plants
and animals etc. there laboratories are well equipped.
The physical sciences or numerical sciences includes the departments
that work on the concepts of physics and mathematics, IT and chemistry.
The social sciences is related to the management sciences, English, so-
cial work and sociology journalism and mass communication and eco-
nomics.
Medical science consists of pharmacy departments which deals with the
drugs to make the medicines.

2.2 Key Success Factors

The key success factors are those business practices, defined by the market and
as viewed by the customer that are critical to the vendor/customer relationship.
It is defined by the market and by the customer not by the company. The key
success factors of KUST are given below:

2.2.1 Communicating:

Communication is the most important for every organization for they uses clear,
concise and accurate communication, tailoring the approach accordingly and
encouraging a two way communication process. It will be effective for KUST to
maximize clear communication at all University levels. Disseminates key or-
ganizational messages to staff and colleagues internally and externally and en-
sures understanding.

6
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

2.2.2 Developing talents:

Motivates and develops self and others to achieve high performance. Demon-
strates a positive approach to developing skills and general performance. Build-
ing organizational capability and Recognizes the value of learning from mis-
takes, experimental processes and risk taking in order to build a culture of con-
tinuous learning and development. Creates supports and promotes organization-
al learning and development initiatives.

2.2.3 Team-working:

Works collaboratively with others, plays a positive role in teams and establishes
and grows relationships across the organization where different skills, expertise
and opinions are valued by creating a collaborative culture to gets involved in
external groups across HE and other relevant sectors. Constantly looking at
ways of building alliances and relationships to creates opportunities for team-
work across departments and functions in order to deliver University objectives
and to develop people

2.2.4 Taking responsibility:

Planning and Organizing Manages time and resources by prioritizing and organ-
izing effectively. Planning and managing organizational goals to create effec-
tiveness in the work environment. It will lead to the effective management con-
trol systems. That will anticipates the future demands for the staff, information
etc.

2.2.5 Finding Solutions:

Generates a range of viable options and decides on an appropriate course of

action that best fits organizational and area goals. High level solution focus
Considers large amounts of complex information quickly and identifies key
issues Thinks broadly when faced with problems, consults others and builds on
the ideas of others, borrowing and adapting to find the best solution Sees and/or
develops a range of options to deal with problems and uses skill, knowledge and

7
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

experience to decide how to proceed Anticipates potential problems well into

the future and incorporates action plans into current activities

2.2.6 Thinking Strategically:

It means first think strategically about the problem they have the ability to see
“big picture”, and manage complex problems and issues. By creating strategy
across the university and also develops and create the strategy for the KUST
through finding the appropriate structure for making the strategic vision.

Develops objectives and KPIs that ensure that the key aims of the area and the
University are achieved .Works relentlessly to create a cohesive organization

2.3 Porter’s Five Forces

Michael Porter (Harvard Business School Management Researcher) designed a

tool to develop the organizational strategy that effective for the strategy formu-
lation. It is one of the most famous among the managers when making strategic
decisions. It is the five competitive forces model that determines industry struc-
ture. According to Porter, the nature of competition in any industry is personi-
fied in the following five forces:

i. Threat of new potential entrants

ii. Threat of substitute product/services
iii. Bargaining power of suppliers
iv. Bargaining power of buyers
v. Rivalry among current competitors

Figure 2: Diagrammatic view of Porter five forces

8
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

The five porter forces is very important for the strategy formulation for any or-
ganization. These forces determines the profitability of the organizations be-
cause it shapes their prices which can be charged from the customers and also
shapes the cost which will be bear by the organization. it also gives the shape to
the organizations investment.

Now we will implement these five forces on Kohat University of science and
technology.

2.3.1 Risk of entry by potential competitors:

Potential competitors refer to the firms which are not currently competing in the
industry but have the potential to do so if given a choice. Entry of new players
increases the industry capacity, begins a competition for market share and low-
ers the current costs. The threat of entry by potential competitors is partially a
function of extent of barriers to entry. As Bannu University is just established
few years ago, it has fewer abilities and resources than KUST. But when it
would have access to much resources that would lead it to its full capacity then
it will be risky for KUST. And the woman campus is also serve as the new entry
because a huge amount of female students will be shift there due to which the
profitability can be effected

2.3.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers:

Buyers refer to the customers who finally consume the product or the firms who
distribute the industry’s product to the final consumers. As there is a fixed fee
implemented on every student of KUST so there is no chance and least of a

9
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

choice for students to bargain on the cost and fee. But the new advantage for the
students is directed by VC of KUST and that is students can submits there fees
in two equal amounts of installments.

2.3.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:

Suppliers are those industries who provide the product or services to other in-
dustries. Bargaining power of the suppliers refer to the potential of the suppliers
to increase the prices of inputs or the costs of industry in other ways. KUST is
the service provider it provides educational services in various kind of fields
such as biological sciences, social sciences etc. To the people of Kohat and the
other related areas such as Hangu, Karak, Teri, Peshawar etc. People of these
areas without any difficulties can get their services easily. Because their cost
and expenditure is not too much high that cannot be afforded by them. There are
some other supplier exists in the industry such as Preston university, commerce
college, post graduate college Kohat etc. they also provide the same services to
the peoples, but they cannot decrease the market of KUST.

2.3.4 Threat of Substitute products:

Substitute products refer to the products having ability of satisfying customers’

needs effectively. Substitutes pose a ceiling (upper limit) on the potential re-
turns of an industry by putting a setting a limit on the price that firms can charge
for their product in an industry. Locally based Preston University offers same
types of degree programs to the students so it’s a threat to KUST, and Govern-
ment post graduate college and Commerce College also provides the same
products and also a minor threat to KUST

2.3.5 Rivalry among current competitors:

Rivalry refers to the competitive struggle for market share between firms in an
industry. Extreme rivalry among established firms poses a strong threat to prof-
itability. The strength of rivalry among established firms within an industry is a
function of following factors. As Karak and Preston University offers almost

10
Chapter 2 • Industry Analysis

same types of degree programs and students have chance to avail , as many stu-
dents already have shifted towards them.

11
Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

3 Company Analysis

In company analysis we analyze our company in term of their performance

standards and quality KUST analysis is based on the following information such
as quality standards and performance. Which are stats from the company intro-
duction.

3.1 Company Introduction

Kohat University of Science and Technology is a Public Sector University that

is established to deliver the quality education in the field of science and tech-
nology like to provide the entrepreneurship, research, education and other client
agencies with innovative ideas through highly motivated, ambitious, and for-
ward-looking graduates.

For better and high quality education KUST must ensure that they provide the
strong academic guidance, and welfare systems that are designed to support
students in the every field of life and every community. Capacity building, de-
gree programs, and an ever-growing national dimension, are our distinctive
characteristics, all planned to contribute to the outstanding employment pro-
spects of our graduates.

The establishment of KUST is in line with the objectives of the Higher Educa-
tion aiming to ensure the availability of quality education and uplifting of re-
search capabilities of the universities.

 Vision,

“KUST shall be a nationally recognized university as a premier seat of learning

with a global perspective that educates those who will fashion a more humane
and just world, through a strong commitment to the cause of develop-
ment.”(KUST Annual Reports)

 Mission,

“Providing innovative undergraduate and graduate education that contributes to

the development of society and the individual.”

12
Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

 Goals:
 Educational
 Research
 Services
 Faculty and staff development
 Student and community life
 Learning in a Culturally Rich Environment

3.2 Company Analysis (Finance)

It is also called the financial statement analysis or accounting analysis or we can

say analysis of finance. It is a process of measuring and evaluating company’s
financial statements (such as the balance sheet or profit and loss statement), to
find the financial health of the company and enabling more effective decision
making. Financial statements must be evaluated through financial statement
analysis to become more effective for the investors, shareholders, managers and
other interested parties. Analysis is an evaluative method of determining the
past, current and projected performance of a company.

Financial Statement analysis consists of following techniques that can be used

when evaluating financial performance of the organization, which are given
below:

3.2.1 HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS:

Horizontal analysis (also known as trend analysis) is a financial state-

ment analysis technique that shows changes in the amounts of corresponding
financial statement items over a period of time. It is a useful tool to evaluate the
trend situations. The statements for two or more periods are used in horizontal
analysis. It shows the changes between years in both dollar and percentage
form.

13
 Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

Table 1 income statement of KUST 2013-2016 (Amount in Rs)

2013 2014 2015 2016

INCOMING
RESOURCES
Grants Received 90183085 146562400 190220390 247645385
Own Generated 37544087 72843944 67135354 119571575
Income
Total Incoming 127727172 219406344 257355744 367216960
Resources

EXPENDITURE
Establishing 26553533 38906177 49774688 127297932
Cost
Other Recurring 22258763 34505564 41962737 74427271
Cost
Total Expendi- 48812296 73411741 91737425 201725203
ture

Net Incoming 78914876 145994603 165618319 165491757

Resources dur-
ing the year
Inter Project 0 0 0 4891627
Current Ac-
count
Funds as at Ju- 18423152 263146400 409141004 574759324
ly,01
Funds as at Ju- 263146400 409141003 574759323 745142708
ly,30

14
 Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

3.3 RATIO ANALYSIS:

Ratio analysis is most important technique of financial analysis in which quanti-

ties are converted into ratios for meaningful comparisons, with past ratios and
ratios of other firms in the same or different industries. Ratio analysis deter-
mines trends and exposes strengths or weaknesses of firm. It usually expressed
as percent or as times per period. It shows how one number is related to another.

Table 2 Ratio Analysis of KUST 2013-2016

Ratio Analysis of Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat

2013 2014 2015 2016
Cash Ratio = 44.0 13.04 7.07 2.59

Cash and cash equivalents

Current liabilities
Accounts Payable Aging Indicator = 0.173 0.875 0.962 1.578
Accounts payable
Average Monthly Expenses
Net Operating Ratio = 0.618 0.665 0.644 0.451
Total Revenue – Total Expenses
Total Revenue
Establishment Cost to Total Expenses Ratio = 0.544 0.530 0.543 0.631
Establishment Cost
Total Expenses
Other Recurring Cost to Total Expenses Ratio = 0.456 0.470 0.457 0.369
Other Recurring Cost
Total Expenses
Grants-to-Expense Ratio = 1.848 1.996 2.074 1.228
Grant Revenue
Total Expenses
Current Ratio = 69.159 18.614 10.838 4.108
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
State General Fund Appropriations to Total Revenue= 0.706 0.668 0.739 0.674

Grant in Aid
Total Revenue

Net Tuition & Fees Revenue to Total Revenue =

Net Tuition and Fees 0.191 0.276 0.205 0.244
Total Revenue
Own Generated Revenue to Total Revenue = 0.294 0.332 0.261 0.326
Own Generated Income
Total Revenue

15
Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

3.4 INTERPRETATION:
3.4.1 CASH RATIO:

The cash ratio has shown a decreasing trend during the four years (FY 2013-
2016) period. The ratio was maximum i.e. 44% in FY 2013 and minimum i.e.
2.59% in FY 2016. Cash ratio has shown a decreasing trend due to the reason
that current liabilities have increased significantly. (KUST, 2013-16)

Figure 3 Cash Ratio of KUST 2013-2016:

50
44

40

30

20
13.04
10 7.07
2.59
0
FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016

Cash Ratio

3.4.2 NET OPERATING RATIO:

The Net Operating Ratio has shown a fluctuating trend during four years (FY
2013-2016) period. The ratio was maximum i.e. 66.5% in FY 2014 and mini-
mum i.e. 45.1% in FY 2015. The decrease in this ratio is due to increase in total
expenditure which resultantly has reduced the net operating profit.

16
Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

Figure 4 Net Operating Ratio 2013-2016:

70 66.5 64.4
61.8
60

50 45.1

40

30

20

10

0
FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016

Net Operating Ratio

3.4.3 CURRENT RATIO:

The Current Ratio has shown a decreasing trend during the four years (FY
2013-2016) period. The ratio was maximum i.e. 69.159% in FY 2013 and min-
imum i.e. 4.108% in FY 2014. This decrease in ratio in FY 2014 is due to in-
crease in short term borrowing compared to the other years.

Figure 5 Cash Ratio 2013-2016 KUST:

80 69.159

60

40
18.614
20 10.838
4.108
0
FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016

Current Ratio

3.5 VERTICAL ANALYSIS:

Vertical analysis is a method of financial statement analysis in which each entry

for each of the three major categories of accounts, or assets, liabilities and equi-
ties, in a balance sheet is represented as a proportion of the total account. Verti-

17
 Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

cal analysis also called common-size analysis is a financial analysis tool that
managers use to compare a company's financial performance using a base
amount. The common-size percentage formula is calculated by dividing the ana-
lyzed item by the base amount of benchmark and multiplying it by 100.

Vertical Analysis of Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat

Balance Sheet
Assets 2013 2014 2015 2016
Non-Current Assets
Tangible Operating Fixed Assets At 12.769 14.438 11.904 12.665
Cost Less Acc. Depreciation
Capital Work in Progress – at Cost 5.430 13.214 24.939 32.207
Long Term Investments 63.612 48.868 49.784 41.478
Current Assets
Short Term Advances, Loans and Re- 6.615 7.028 4.654 5.051
ceivables
Cash and Bank Balances 11.573 16.451 8.719 8.599
Total Assets 100% 100% 100% 100%
Liabilities & Funds
Current Liabilities
Creditors, Accruals & Other Liabili- 0.263 1.261 1.234 3.323
ties
Non-Current Liabilities
Deferred Income 0.054 0.020 0.004 0
Long term Liabilities & Deposits 1.443 2.328 2.302 3.335
Accumulated Funds
Restricted Funds 37.057 44.286 49.382 54.282
Unrestricted Funds 61.182 52.105 47.078 39.060
Total Liabilities and Funds 100% 100% 100% 100%

18
 Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

2013 2014 2015 2016
INCOMING RESOURCES
Total Incoming Resources 100% 100% 100% 100%
EXPENDITURE
Total Expenditure 38.22 33.46 35.65 54.93
Net Incoming Resources during 61.78 66.54 64.35 45.07
the year

3.6 INTERPRETATION:

The Long Term Investments as a percentage of Total Assets has shown a de-
creasing trend during four years (FY 2013-2016) period. The ratio was maxi-
mum i.e. 63.6% in FY 2013 and minimum i.e. 41.47% in FY 2016. This de-
crease is due to increase in Capital Work Progress as a percentage of Total As-
sets.

Unrestricted Funds as a percentage of Total Liabilities has shown a decreasing

trend during four years (FY 2013-2016) period. The ratio was maximum i.e.
61.18% in 2013 and minimum i.e. 39.060% in 2016. This decrease is due to
increase in Restricted Funds as a percentage of Total Liabilities.

Net Incoming Resources as a percentage of Total Incoming Resources has

shown an overall decreasing trend during four years (FY 2013-2016). The ratio
was maximum i.e. 66.54% in 2014 and minimum i.e. 45.07% in 2016. This de-
crease is due to increasing trend of Total Expenditure as a percentage of Total
Incoming Resources.

SWOT ANALYSIS:

SWOT analysis in the process by which an organization find their (Strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities and threats) these are the internal and external factors
that have great impact on the viability of project place or promotion

19
Chapter 3 • Company Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses

Opportunities Threats

Strengths:

The strengths of KUST have the fine building, good environment,

qualified faculty, more than 40% faculty is PhDs, active and dynam-
ic researchers and the strong national and international linkages.

Weaknesses:

The weaknesses of KUST is the lack of Industrial linkages, lack of technical

and entrepreneurial skills, inadequate development funds, and improper devel-
opment infrastructure and the lack of residential area for employees and stu-
dents.

Opportunities:

The External factors by which we can increase our business by capturing the mar-
ket share from the competitors and the opportunities for the KUST is surrounded
by rich flora and fauna, and precious natural resources. Research opportunities for
active and creative researchers in mineral, herbal, and pharmaceutical industry

Threats:

Threats for the KUST is that negatively affect the KUST such as establishment of
new universities and the affiliation with other colleges, law and orders and socie-
tal culture which resist the co-education in the society Sharp ethnic, sectarian, cul-
tural, and economic sensitivity Brain drain of highly qualified professionals.

20
Chapter 4 • Recommendations

4 Recommendations

As I work in an admission reception of Kohat University of science and tech-

nology so for that I recommend the following things which are given below.

 Simple the online admission process

 Make the admission form of one page instead of 5 pages
 Arrange the own entry test instead of depending on NTS, because NTS
delaying admissions in KUST.

For the KUST I will recommend the followings:

Introduce the new department in KUST:

 Geology
 Mechanical engineering
 Electrical engineering
 Phycology
 International relations
 Use surplus funds to initiate new project.
 Maintains the asset register.
 Understanding of the outside world/improve their worldwide view.
 Fosters understudy steadfastness to and pride in KUST methodology

21
References

References

(Annual Report KUST, 2013-17)

(www.hec.org.pk, 2018)

(KUST Business Plan , 2016-17)

(Annual Reports, 2017)

22