1

SECTION 1 : UNDERSTANDING

Question 1 [Forces and Motion]

Diagram 1 below shows a vibrating pile driver used to drive a steel pile to the
ground.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan cerucuk besi ke dalam tanah.

Diagram 1

Explain how the steel pile is driven to the ground. [4 marks]

Terangkan bagaimana cerucuk besi ditanam ke dalam tanah

Marking scheme
1. The pile driver is placed at a certain height
2. The pile driver gain maximum speed at the bottom after released
3. The pile driver will hit the steel pile to produce change of momentum
4. The time of impact between steel pile and pile driver is in a short time
5. Produces high impulsive force on the steel pile

Question 2 [Forces and Motion]

Diagram 5.1 shows a boy of mass 40 kg sliding in two identical flumes, one after
another.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan seorang budak berjisim 40 kg meluncur di dalam dua
gelongsor masing-masing.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

Diagram 5.1 shows the boy sliding down the flume, which is inclined at 30.0˚ to the
horizontal.
 2
Diagram 5.2 shows the boy stationary in the flume when the flume is inclined at 17.5˚
to the horizontal. The frictional force acting on the boy in both flumes is 120 N. Using
the concept of force, explain why the boy slides down the flume when the angle of
inclination is 30.0˚ and remains stationary when the angle of inclination is 17.5˚.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan budak lelaki meluncur ke bawah yang bersudut 30.0˚
mengufuk.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan budak lelaki pegun di dalam gelongsor apabila bersudut
17.5˚ mengufuk. Daya geseran bertindak pada budak lelaki dalam kedua-dua
gelongsor adalah 120 N. Menggunakan konsep daya, terangkan mengapa budak
lelaki meluncur ke bawah apabila sudut 30.0˚ dan kekal pegun apabila sudut 17.5˚.

[4 marks]
Question 5 (Force and Motion)
1. Wc > frictional force (Diagram 4.1)
2. unbalanced force or Resultant force acting (Diagram 4.1)
3. Wc = frictional force (Diagram 4.2)
4. Resultant force is zero / force in equilibrium(Diagram 4.2)

Question 3 [Forces and Motion]

Diagram 4 shows ‘Newton’s cradle’ which consists of five identical balls suspended
in a row from a wooden frame by wires. When the ball on left end is pulled aside
and allowed to fall, the ball on the far end is knocked away from the others with the
same speed as the first ball .
Rajah 4 menunjukkan Newton yang mengandungi lima bola dalam satu barisan
yang menggunakan bingkai kayu disambungkan oleh wayar.

Diagram 4

Explain, in term of momentum and energy transfers, why the ball on the opposite
end is knocked away from the others.
[4 marks]
Question 4 (Force and Motion)
1. When the first ball strikes the second ball its velocity is zero.
2. The momentum of the ball becomes.
3. The Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that in a collision between two
objects, the total momentum of the objects in the system remains unchanged/
Total momentum is conserved
4. The energy and momentum from the first ball is transferred to the second ball and
then transmitted through the balls at rest to the ball on the other end.
5. Because the momentum and energy is maintained in this system, the ball on the
opposite side will move at the same velocity as the ball that were in initial motion
(any four)

FORCE AND PRESSURE

Q1
 3
Diagram 11.1 shows an hydraulic lift used in a workshop to lift a car.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu pengangkat hidraulik digunakan di bengkel untuk
mengangkat sebuah kereta.

Diagram 11.1 / Rajah 11.1

Explain how the car can be lifted up by the piston.

Terangkan bagaimana kereta dapat diangkat oleh omboh.
[4 marks] / [ 4markah]
Q1
(b) 1 Compressed air exert pressure on the hydraulic liquid
2 Pressure transmitted equally through the liquid
3 Equal pressure exerted on the piston
4 Force is produce by the piston base on equation F = PA

FORCE AND PRESSURE

Q2
b) Diagram 11.1 shows a submarine floating in sea water due to the effect of
buoyant force.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan sebuah kapal selam yang sedang terapung dalam
air laut disebabkan oleh kesan daya tujah.

Diagram 11.1 / Rajah 11.1

Explain how a submarine is able to submerge into deep sea water.

 4
Terangkan bagaimana sebuah kapal selam dapat menyelam ke air
laut yang dalam.
[4 marks]/[4 markah]
Q2
(b) 1 Valve release air from ballast tank
2 Sea water flooded ballast tank
3 The weight of water displaced is smaller
4 Buoyant force < weight of the submarine
5 Total density of submarine > total density of water

UNDERSTANDING (HEAT)
SOALAN 1
(a) Diagram 10.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkanfenomenabayulaut.

Diagram 10.3
Rajah 10.3
Using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain how the phenomenon of sea
breeze occurs.
Menggunakan konsep muatan haba tentu, terangkan bagaimana fenomena bayu
laut berlaku.
[4 marks]
SOALAN 1

1. The specific heat capacity of the land is less than sea water.
2. During daytime, the land warms up faster than the sea.
3. Air above the land becomes higher temperature and low density, so it will rise up.
4. Air above the land becomes low pressure.
5. The cooler air from sea which is higher pressure is push to the land.

SOALAN 2

Explain why someone who is sweating feels cool when he is under a rotating fan.
[4 marks]
Terangkan mengapa seseorang yang badannya berpeluh berasa sejuk apabila
berada di bawah kipas yang berputar.
[4 markah]

SKIMA
1. The sweat absorbs heat and evaporates.
Peluh menyerap haba dan menyejat
2. Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is absorbed from the body.
Haba pendam tentu pengewapan air diserap daripada badan.
3. When there is air movement, the rate of evaporation increases.
 5
Apabila terdapat pergerakan udara, kadar penyejatan bertambah.
4. The body feels cool after the removal of heat.
Badan berasa sejuk selepas pengeluaran haba

SOALAN 3

Explain, in terms of thermal equilibrium, how a thermometer which is placed into

the boiling
water reads at the temperature of 100 °C.
[4 marks]
Terangkan, dalamkontekskeseimbanganterma, bagaimanatermometer yang
diletakkankedalam air mendidihmemberikanbacaansuhu100 °C.
[4 markah]

SKIMA

1.The temperature of the boiling water is higher than the temperature of the
thermometer.
Suhu air mendidihadalahlebihtinggidaripadasuhutermometer.
2.Hence, heat flows from the boiling water to the thermometer until they achieve
thermal equilibrium
Maka, habamengalirdari air mendidihketermometersehinggamencapai
keseimbanganterma.
3.The temperature of the boiling water is the same as the temperature of
the thermometer. Suhu air mendidihadalahsamadengansuhutermometer.
4.No net heat flows at 100 °C Tiadaaliranhababersihpada100 °C

LIGHT
Question 1
1. Explain how you would estimate the focal length of a convex lens in your
school laboratory. [4
marks]
Jelaskan bagaimana anda menganggarkan panjang fokus kanta cembung
dalam makmal sekolah anda.

1. The convex lens is aimed/focused to a distance object (infinity)

2. The screen is adjusted until a sharp image is formed on the screen
3. The distance between the screen and the lens is measured
4. Focal length = distance between the screen and the lens.

LIGHT
Question 2
2. Explain why a piece of paper burns when placed under a convex lens aimed
towards hot sun rays [4 marks]
Jelaskankan kenapa sekeping kertas terbakar apabila diletakkan di bawah
kanta cembung yang disasarkan menghala cahaya matahari yang panas.
 6

1. The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the convex lens
2. After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus/focal
point of the lens
3. At principal focus/focal point, the light ray is focused on one small area
4. Heat energy causes an increase in temperature, the paper starts to burn
LIGHT
Question 3
3. While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a mirage on the road. Explain
how mirage occurred. [4 marks]
Ketika memandu kereta sewaktu cuaca panas, anda mungkin dapat
melihat logamaya di atas jalan raya. Jelaskan bagaimana logamaya terhasil.

1. The layer of air nearer the road warmer

2. The density of air decrease nearer to the road surface
3. The light travel from high density (cloud) to low density area (land), the light
will bend away from the normal
4. When the angle of incidence exceed the critical angle, total internal
reflection occurs
TOPIC: WAVES

(d) Rajah (c) menunjukkan pelancong berada di pantai memerhatikan

matahari terbenam.
Diagram(c) shows tourists at a beach observiing the sunset.

Dengan menggunakan konsep fizik, terangkan mengapa pelancong itu

masih dapat melihat matahari walaupun matahari sebenarnya telah pun
terbenam.
Using physics concepts, explain why the tourist can still able to see the sun
even though it has already set.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]

1 (d) Pembiasan sinar cahaya 1

Refraction of light ray
Cahaya bergerak dari medium yang kurang tumpat ke lebih tumpat 1
akan mendekati normal.
Light travels from low density to a high density towards the normal
Dalam pemerhatian, matahari masih tidak terbenam oleh itu mereka 1
masih boleh menampak imej dari pembiasan.
In the observer eyes, the sun is still not setting as they can still see the
image from refraction.
2 (c) Terangkan bagaimana gelombang bunyi digunakan bagi menentukan
kedalaman suatu lautan.
Explain how the sound wave is used to determine the depth of an ocean.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
2 (c) -Ultrabunyi dipancarkan ke dasar laut 4
Ultrasound is transmitted to the sea bed
 7
- Penerima akan mengesan pulsa yang dipantulkan.
a receiver will then detect the reflected pulses
- Masa yang diperlukan oleh pulsa untuk sampai ke dasar laut dan balik
ke penerima direkodkan
the time taken by the pulse to trave to the seabed and return to the
receiver being recorded,t
- Kedalaman laut boleh dikira dengan menggunakan rumus, d = vt/2
the depth of the sea can be calculated using the formula, d = vt/2

(d) Pembesar suara yang digunakan dalam (c) adalah seperti ditunjukkan
3 dalam rajah di bawah.
The loudspeaker used in (c) is as shown in diagram below.
L

Terangkan sama ada D dan L harus besar atau kecil supaya bunyi dari
pembesar suara itu boleh dihantar melalui jarak yang lebih jauh.

Explain whether D and L should be big or small so that sound from the
loudspeaker can be transmitted over a longer distance.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]

3 (d) Berikan pilihan D dengan betul 1

Give the choice of D correctly
-besar 1
large / big
Berikan sebab dengan betul 1
Give the reason correctly
-kurang pembelauan // penyebaran // bunyi disebarkan dengan lurus 1 4
less diffraction // spreading // sound travels straight
Berikan pilihan L dengan betul
Give the choice of L correctly
-besar
large / big
Berikan sebab dengan betul
Give the reason correctly
-lebih banyak udara bergetar // menghasilkan bunyi yang lebih kuat
vibrates more air // produces louder sound
ELECTRICITY
1 Diagram A shows a polystyrene ball that coated with metallic paint is hung in
an electric field between two metal plates.
Rajah A menunjukkan sebiji bola polisterin yang disalut dengan cat logam
digantung dalam suatu medan elektrik di antara dua plat logam.
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Polisterine ball coated

with metallic paint
Bola polisterin Nylon thread
bersalut logam Benang nilon

Insulator rod
Penebat

Metal plate
Plat logam

+ _

High voltage supply

Voltan lampau tinggi

(a) (i) What is the meaning of electric field?

Apakah maksud medan elektik?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii) State the change on the strength of the magnetic field when the
potential difference of the high voltage supply increases.
Nyatakan perubahan ke atas kekuatan medan magnet bila beza
keupayaan bekalan voltan lampau tinggi bertambah.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b) The polystyrene ball then is touched to the negative plate.
Bola polisterin itu kemudian dibawa menyentuh plat nagatif.

(i) State the type of charge received by the polystyrene ball.

Nyatakan jenis cas yang diterima oleh bola polisterin itu.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii) What happen to the polystyrene ball when it is released from
negative plate?
Apakah berlaku kepada bola polisterin itu bila ia lepaskan dari plat
negatif?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c) (i) The polystyrene ball in diagram A is replaces by a burning candle. On
diagram B,draw the shape of the candle flame observed in the
electric field.
Bola polisterin dalam rajah A itu digantikan dengan sebatang lilin
yang menyala. Pada rajah B, lukiskan bentuk nyalaan lilin yang
diperhatikan dalam medan elektrik itu.
 9

Candle
Lilin

(ii) Explain why the shape of the candle flame observed as drawn in
answer (c)(i).
Terangkan mengapa bentuk nyalaan lilin yang diperhatikan adalah
seperti yang dilukis dalam jawapan (c)(i).

[ 2 mark/ markah]

1 (a)(i) A region in which there is an electric force // a region 1

around a charged object which gives electric force on
another charged object
(ii) Increases 1
(b)(i) Negative charged 1
(ii) Attracted to positive plate // repelled away from 1
negative plate
(c)(i) Note : the flame flatten and spread out more toward 1
negative plate

Candle
Lilin
(ii) heat of burning candle produces positive and
1. The 1
negative ions.
2. The positive ions which are heavier is pulled towards 1
negative plate with a large proportion flame
7

ELECTRICITY

2 Diagram below shows simple circuit for an electric hair dryer.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan litar ringkas bagi sebuah pengering rambut.
(a) State one characteristic of this hot element.
Nyatakan satu sifat elemen pemanas.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
 10

Hot element
Elemen pemanas
Fan
Kipas

Switch
Suis

(b) Write the change of energy in the hot element when the switch is on.
Tuliskan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku pada unsur pemanas.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c) The power rating specification of a hair dryer is 240 v, 1.5 kW.
Spesifikasi kadar kuasa dalam suatu pengering rambut ialah 240 V, 1.5 kW.
Calculate,
Hitung,
(i) Resistance of the heating element
Rintangan elemen pemanas

[ 2 marks/ markah]
(ii) Current flowsin the heating element
Arus yang mengalir dalam elemen pemanas

[ 2 marks/ markah]

2 (a) Greater resistance or higher melting point 1

(b) Electrical energy kinetic energy + heat energy 1
(c) (i) V2
P= R
V2
R= P
1
(240) 2
= 1500 1
= 38.4 Ω
(ii) P = VI
P
I= V
1500 1
= 240 1
= 6.25 A
6
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ELECTROMAGNETISM
1. Diagram 1 below shows an electromagnet crane.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah kren elektromagnet.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Explain how the electromagnet crane can be used to lift scrap metal.
[4 marks]
Terangkan bagaimana kren elektromagnet dapat digunakan untuk
mengangkat besi buruk.
[4 markah]
Skema Jawapan:

Question Mark Answer

M1 Current flow through the solenoid, magnetic field produced.
M2 Soft iron core will be magnetized
1 M3 The scrap metal attracted to the iron core
No current flow, soft iron demagnetized or metal scrap fall
M4
down

ELECTROMAGNETISM

2. Diagram 2 shows a direct current motor.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah motor arus terus.
 12
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Explain how the motor is able to rotate.
[4 marks]
Terangkan bagaimana motor itu boleh berputar.
[4 markah]
Skema Jawapan:

Question Mark Answer

M1 Current flow in the coil produced magnetic field.
Magnetic field produced by the coil interacts with the
M2
2 magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
M3 A catapult field is produced.
M4 Two forces in opposite direction produced in a coil

TOPIK: RADIOAKTIF

1. Pembelahan nukleus menghasilkan tindak balas berantai.

Terangkan bagaimana tindakbalas berantai berlaku dalam
pembelahan dalam atom Uranium-235.
Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction. Describe how chain reaction
occurs in nuclear fission of Uranium-235.
[4 markah ]
[4 marks]

(c) - Neutron bedilkan nukleus uranium 1

1.
Neutron bombard a uranium nucleus
- Tiga neutron dihasilkan. 1
Three neutrons are produced
- Neutron baru ini bedilkan nukleus uranium yang baru 1
These new neutrons bombard new uranium nucleus
- Neutron yang terhasil setiap reaksi akan menjana 1 4
tindak balas berantai
For every reaction the neutrons produced will
generate a chain reaction

2. Terangkan bagaimana radioisotop boleh digunakan untuk mengesan

lokasi kebocoran.
With the aid of diagram, explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect
the location of the leakage.

[3 markah]
[3 marks]

2. (b) Radioisotop dimasukkan ke dalam paip 1

Radioisotope is injected into the pipe 1
Tiub G-M sebagai pengesan digunakan untuk mencari 1
kebocoran
G-M tube as detector is used to find the leakage
Bacaan pada pengesan meningkat apabila mendekati
kebocoran
Reading on detector increases when near a leakage
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DECISION MAKING SKILL

FORCES & MOTION

1. Diagram shows four landmower, J, K, L and M.
You are required to determine the most suitable landmower to cut the grass
effectively.

Study the specifications of the four landmower based on the following aspects:
Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat mesin rumput berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
 14
(i) Method of moving the landmower.
Kaedah menggerakkan mesin rumput.
(ii) Mass of the landmower.
Jisim mesin rumput.
(iii) Size of the blade.
Saiz bilah pemotong.
(iv) The angle between the handle and the horizontal line.
Sudut antara pemegang dengan garis ufuk.

Explain the suitability and then determine the most suitable landmower.
Give reason for your choie.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan seterusnya tentukan mesin
rumput yang paling sesuai

ASPECT
The landmower should be pushed
The mass should be larger
The size of the cutter blade should be bigger
The angle between the handle and the
horizontal line should be larger
EXPLANATION
To cut the grass efficient/ Vertical resultant
force bigger
More stable / Vertical resultant force bigger
So that more grasses can be cut in a time/
Rate of grass cutting bigger
To produce larger force acting downwards/
Vertical resultant force bigger

Landmower M is the most suitable because it can be pushed, has larger

mass, bigger cutter blade and larger angle between the handle the
horizontal line.

FORCES & MOTION

2. Diagram shows four flag poles P, Q, R and S with different specifications

mounted on the ground.
Rajah menunjukkan empat batang tiang bendera P, Q, R dan S dengan
spesifikasi yang berbeza didirikan di atas tanah.

You are required to determine the most suitable characteristics of the flag pole
that can withstand the strong wind.
Anda dikehendaki menentukan ciri-ciri tiang bendera yang paling sesuai untuk
menahan tiupan angin yang kuat.

Study the specifications of all four flag poles from the following aspects:
Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat tiang bendera itu daripda aspek berikut:

(i) The density of the pole

Ketumpatan tiang
(ii) The flexibility of the pole
Keterlenturan tiang
(iii) The maximum tensions of the string
Ketegangan maksimum tali
(iv) The height of strings tied to the pole
Ketinggian tali yang diikat pada tiang
Explain the suitability of the aspects and determine the most suitable flag pole.
Give reason for your chice.
Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek itu dan tentukan tiang bendera yang paling
sesuai.
Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

SKIMA
ASPECT
The density of the pole is low
The flexibility of the pole is high
The string has high maximum tension
The string is tied at higher position
15
EXPLANATION
Lighter/ can be carried easily
Not easily break by strong wind
Does not break easily
Can support larger weight
 16
Pole Q is the most suitable because it has low density, high flexibility, high
maximum tention string and tied up at a higher position
Question 6 [Force and Pressure]

Diagram 6 shows the parts of brake systems car.

Brake pads
Brake pedal

Brake fluid

Brake disc

Diagram 6

Table 6 shows the specifications of components that can be used in brake systems ,

P,Q,R, S and T.

Specifications of components in a car brake system

Brake
system Specific heat capacity of Melting point of Compression of The material use
brake disc / J kg-1 0 C-1 brake disc /0 C brake fluid of brake pads
P 360 930 Difficult ceramics
Q 2400 1220 Difficult steel
R 890 580 Easy ceramics
S 2210 1940 Difficult ceramics
T 1460 2070 Easy steel

Table 6

Based on Table 4;You are required to determine the most suitable brake system and explain the
suitability of the aspects in Table 4

[10 marks]
 17

Question 7 [Force and Pressure]

Table 7 shows four hydraulic jacks J, K, L and M with different specifications.

You are required to determine the most suitable hidraulic jack that can lift heavy load to a high
level.
Study the specifications of all the four hidraulic jack based on the following aspects:

(i) Size of the fluid container.

(ii) Surface area of the input piston
(iii) Type of the hydraulic fluid.
(iv) Surface area of the output piston.

Explain the suitability of each aspects and then determine the most suitable hydraulic jack.
Give a reason of your choice.

[10 marks]

Hydraulic jack Structure and specifications

K
 18

Table 7

QUESTION 8[force and pressure]

Diagram shows four hot air balloons, P, Q, R and S with different features.

Small balloon Features

Volume: 800 m3  Type of balloon fabric:

Synthetic nylon
Hot air balloon
 Temperature of flame:
P
100 oC

1 burner
 19
Large balloon Features

Volume: 2500 m3  Type of balloon fabric:

Synthetic nylon

Hot air balloon  Temperature of flame:

Q 120 oC

2 burners

Large balloon Features

Volume: 2500 m3  Type of balloon fabric:

Canvas

Hot air balloon  Temperature of flame:

R 60 oC

1 burner

Small balloon Features

Volume: 800 m3  Type of balloon fabric:

Hot air balloon Canvas
S
 Temperature of flame:
80 oC

2 burners

You are required to determine the most suitable hot air balloon which is able to carry three or four
people to a higher altitude in a shorter time.

Study the features of all the four hot air balloons from the following aspects:

- The size of the balloon

- The number of the burners

- The type of the fabric of the balloon

- The temperature of the air in the balloon

Explain the suitability of the aspects.

Justify your choice.

 20
[10 marks]

Question 9 [Force and Pressure]

Question 1 [Heat]
A coolant is a fluid which flows through a device to prevent it from overheating.
Coolant is commonly used in automotive, residential and commercial temperature-
control applications. Table 4 shows a list of liquid coolants with their respective
properties.
Specific heat
Rate of thermal
Material Boiling point / oC Viscosity capacity /
Conductivity
JkgoC-1
P 145 High Low 3000
Q 90 Low Low 1200

R 130 High High 4500

S 120 Low Low 2100

T 95 High High 3200

Table 1
You are asked to investigate the properties of materials in table 4. Explain the
suitability of each property in table 1 and determine which material is the most
suitable to be used in the radiator system of a car to prevent overheating of its
engine.
[ 10 marks ]
Characteristic Explaination
Boiling point is high Not easily to change from liquid to gas even at high
temperature
Rate of thermal conductivity Can transfer heat easily
is high
Viscosity is is low Can flow easily
Specific heat capacity high Heat up slower
Boiling point is high, rate of thermal conductivity is
P high, viscosity is low and specific heat capacity is
high
10 marks

QUESTION 2 / HEAT

ice cream

Ice cream
Ice cream
Aiskrim
box

Outer box Kotakaiskrim

Kotaklua
 21

Diagram 2

Table 2 shows the specification of four types of ice cream containers P, Q, R

and S, that can be used by an ice cream seller to carry ice cream.

P Q R S
Box
Specific heat capacity of High High Low Low
ice cream box
Size of ice cream box Large Small Small Large

PVC
Material of outer box Aluminium PVC plastic Aluminium
plastic

Colour of outer box Dark Bright Bright Dark

Table 2

You are required to determine the most suitable ice cream container to carry
ice cream. Study the specification of the four types of ice cream container
based on the following aspects:

- Specific heat capacity of ice cream box

- Size of ice cream box
- Material of outer box
- Colour of outer box

Explain the suitability of the aspects [10 marks]

Characteristics Reason

1. Low specific heat capacity of ice Easy get cold // becomes cool R is chosen
cream box quickly because Low
2. Smaller size of ice cream box Easier to carry // easy too become specific heat
3. Plastic PVC cool capacity of ice
4. Bright colour of outer box Poor conductor of heat cream box,
Does not absorb heat from Smaller size of
surrounding quickly ice cream box,
Plastic PVC,
Bright colour
of outer box
 22

LIGHT
Diagram 11.1 shows a ray P, Q, R and S that have two convex lens with a certain
focal length.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan gambar rajah sinar P, Q, R dan S masing-masing
mempunyai dua buah kanta cembung dengan panjang focus tertentu.

You are asked to make an optical instrument that is used to view objects at a great
distance. Study the ray diagrams P, Q, R and S in diagram 11.1 and give explanation
with emphasis on the following aspects.
Anda ditugaskan untuk membina satu alat optic yang boleh digunakan untuk
melihat objek jauh. Kaji gambar rajah P, Q, R dan S dalam Rajah 11.1 serta
pertimbangkan aspek-aspek berikut.

i. The focal length of eye lens and objective lens used.

Panjang focus kanta mata dan kanta objek yang digunakan.
ii. Diameter of the objective lens used.
Diameter kanta objek yang digunakan.
 23
iii. Diameter of the eyepiece used.
Diameter kanta mata yang digunakan.
iv. Distance between the two lenses.
Jarakantaraduakanta.
Explain the suitability of each aspect in diagram 11.1 and hence determine which
ray diagram is the most suitable to be used as a telescope. Justify your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek di dalam Rajah 11.1 dan tentukan gambar
rajah sinar yang paling sesuai digunakan sebagai teleskop. Berikan sebab-sebab
bagi jawapan anda.

SKEMA JAWAPAN
Characteristics/ Ciri-ciri
Focal length of object lens is greater than
focal length of eye lens
Panjang focus kanta objek lebih besar
daripada panjang focus kanta mata.
Object lens with big diameter
Diameter kanta objek yang besar.
Eye lens with small diameter
Diameter kanta mata kecil
Distance between the two lenses=f0 + fe
Jarak antara dua kanta = f0 + fe
Explanation/ Penerangan
Magnification power become higher
Supaya kuasa pembesaran tinggi.
Can receive more light
Untuk menerima lebih banyak cahaya.
Suitable for size of the eye to look the object
Sesuai dengan saiz mata untuk melihat
objek.
Final image formed at infinity
Supaya imej akhir terbentuk di infiniti.

Choose:Q
Pilih:Q
Reason: Focal length of object lens greater than focal length of eye lens, bigger
diameter of the object lens, smaller diameter of eye lens and distance between two
lenses= f0 + fm
Sebab: Panjangfokuskantaobjeklebihbesardaripadapanjangfokuskantamata,
diameter kantaobjekyang besar, diameter
kantamatakecildanjarakantaraduakanta= f0 + fm

LIGHT
The table below shows 5 different projectors and their characteristics.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan 5 projektor yang berbeza bersama dengan ciri-ciri
tertentu.
Projector / Lens / Kanta Focal length (cm) / Object distance (cm) / Diameter of lens
Projektor Jarak focus (cm) Jarak objek (cm) (cm) / Diameter
kanta (cm)
A Convex / 10 12 20
Cembung
B Concave / 20 5 20
Cekung
C Convex / 50 50 10
Cembung
D Convex / 20 25 10
Cembung
E Concave / 10 15 5
Cekung

Explain the suitability of each characteristic so that the projector can form a bright
and enlarged image on the screen. Select the most suitable projector that should
be used.
 24
Terangkan keadaan yang diperlukan supaya projector dapat menghasilkan imej
yang terang dan membesar pada skrin. Pilihkan keadaan yang paling sesuai.

Skema jawapan
Choice Reason
Convex lens Can form real image
Shorter f is preferred Can increase the magnification
f< u <2f Can produce maximum magnification
Diameter of lens should be larger Increase the brightness of the image
A is chosen because it is a convex lens with shorter f and bigger diameter and u is a
bit bigger than f.

ELECTRICITY

Diagram 12.3

Diagram 12.3 shows four hairdryers R, S, T and U with different specifications.

You are required to determine the most suitable hairdryer for drying hair quickly and
safely.
Study the specifications of all the four hairdryers from the following aspects:
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan empat pengering rambut R, S, T dan U dengan spesifikasi
yang berbeza.
 25
Anda dikehendaki menentukan pengering rambut yang paling sesuai untuk
mengeringkan rambut dengan cepat dan selamat.
Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat pengering rambut itu daripada aspek-aspek berikut:
- The type of heating element
Jenis alat pemanas
- The thickness of wire of the heating element
Ketebalan dawai unsur pemanas
- The power of the fan
Kuasa kipas
- The suitable fuse
Fius yang sesuai

Explain the suitability of the aspects and determine the most suitable hairdryer.
Give reasons for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek berikut dan tentukan pengering rambut yang
paling sesuai.
Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

SKEMA:
Aspect
Nichrome wire
Dawai nikrom
Smaller diameter of the wire
Diameter dawai yang lebih kecil
High power of the fan
Kuasa kipas yang tinggi
The suitable fuse is 5 A
Fius yang sesuai ialah 5A
Explanations
It has high resistance and produces more
heat
Ia mempunyai rintangan tinggi dan
menghasilkan haba yang lebih banyak.
It has high resistance and more heat is
produced
Ia mempunyai rintangan yang tinggi dan
lebih banyak haba dihasilkan
It can blow more hot air.
Ia dapat mengeluarkan lebih banyak
udara panas
Current flows in fan = P/V = 1100/ 240=
4.58A
Arus mengalir dalam kipas

Hairdryer T is most suitable because it uses nichrome wire, thinner wire,high power
fan and fius 5 A.
Pengering rambut T paling sesuai kerana menggunakan dawai nikrom, dawai yang
nipis, kipas yang berkuasa tinggi dan fius 5 A.

ELECTROMAGNETISM
(c) Diagram 12.2 shows a three pin plug connected to an electric iron labeled
240 V, 1000W. A fuse is installed in the three pin plug.
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkansebuahpalamtigadisambungkankepadasebuah
seterikaelektrikberlabel 240 V, 1000W.Satufiusdipasangkandalampalam
tiga pin itu.
 26

Diagram 12.2
Rajah 12.2

Diagram 12.2 / Rajah 12.2

Table 12 shows the characteristics of metals that could be used as fuse wire.
Jadual 12 menunjukkanciri-cirilogam yang bolehdigunakansebagaidawai
fius.
Ampere value
Metal Melting point (oC) Diameter of wire Resistivity
(A)
Logam Takatlebur(oC) Diameter wayar Kerintangan
Nilai ampere(A)
High Big Low
P 4.2
Tinggi Besar Rendah
Low Small High
Q 4.0
Rendah Kecil Tinggi
Low Small High
R 4.2
Rendah Kecil Tinggi
High Big Low
S 5.0
Tinggi Besar Rendah
Table 12 / Jadual 12
You are required to determined the most suitable metal that can be used as a
fuse wire as shown in Diagram 12.2.
Andadikehendakimenentukanlogam yang paling sesuaiuntukdigunakan
sebagaidawaifiusseperti yang ditunjukkandalam Rajah 12.2.

Study the specifications of the four metals based on the following aspects:
Kajispesifikasikeempat-empatlogamituberdasarkanaspek-aspekberikut:
(i) Melting point of wire
Takatleburdawai
(ii) Ampere value of the fuse
Nilai ampere padafius
(iii) Diameter of wire
Diameter dawai
(iv) Resistivity of wire
Kerintangandawai
Explain the suitability of each characteristic and then determine the most
suitable fuse wire
Give the reasons for your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan seterusnya tentukan dawai fius

yang paling sesuai.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda. [10 marks] / [10 markah]
 27

(c) Characteristics Explanation

Low melting point easy to melts
2
4.2 A little bit higher than the current flow
through the iron ( 1000 / 240 = 4.16 A) 2
Small diameter increase the resistance
2
High resistivity increase the resistance
2
R Low melting point, ampere value is 4.2
2
A, Small diameter high resistivity of wire
and High resistivity

Q2

(c) The living room of a house is to be fitted with three identical lamps.
Table 12 shows the characteristics of four types of lamps, P, Q, R and S and the
type of connection of the lamps.

Biliktamu di sebuahrumahperludilengkapkandengantigabuahlampu yang

serupa.
Jadual 12 menunjukkanciri-ciribagiempatjenislampu, P, Q, R dan S
sertajenissambunganlampu-lampuitu.

Input power /
Type of
Lamp Type of bulb W Efficiency
connection
Lampu Jenismentol Kuasa input / Kecekapan
Jenissambungan
W
Fluorescent Series
P 15 70%
Pendarfluor Siri

Filament Series
Q 40 30%
Filamen Siri

Fluorescent Parallel
R 18 70%
Pendarfluor Selari

Filament Parallel
S 25 50%
Filamen Selari

Table 12 /Jadual12

You are required to determine the most suitable lamp that can be used to
light up the room brightly at low operating cost.

Anda dikehendaki menentukan lampu yang paling sesuai untuk

mencahayakan bilik tersebut dengan cerahnya dengan kos operasi yang
rendah.

Study the properties of all the lamps based on the following aspects:
Kaji ciri-ciri keempat-empat lampu itu berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
 28
(i) Type of bulb / Jenis mentol

(ii) Input power / Kuasa input

(iii) Efficiency / Kecekapan

(iv) Type of connection / Jenissambungan

Explain the suitability of each characteristic and then determine the most
suitable lamp.
Give the reasons for your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan seterusnya tentukan lampu yang

paling sesuai.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda. [10 marks] / [10 markah]

ELECTRICITY
Q2

(c)
Characteristics Explanation
Fluorescent bulb Lasts longer // uses less energy // lower
power // high efficiency 2
Low input power Less cost of electricity
2
High efficiency Less wastage of energy // Saves
2
energy .
Parallel Lamps can be switched on
connection independently // If one lamp blows,
2
the others can continue to be lighted
up
fluorescent bulb, low input power, high
2
R efficiency and parallel connection

DECISION MAKING (ELECTROMAGNETISM)

Diagram below shows part of the national grid network used to transmit electrical
energy from electrical power stations to housing estates through electric cables.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkansebahagianrangkaian grid nasional yang
digunakanuntukmenghantartenagaelektrikdaristesenkuasaelektrikketaman-
tamanpendudukmelaluikabel-kabel.
 29

DIAGRAM / RAJAH

The high-tension (or high-voltage) cables are connected to a transformer at the sub-
station before they are connected to residential houses.
Kabelvoltan-tinggidisambungkankepadasuatu transformer di
stesencawangansebelumdisambungkankerumah-rumahkediaman.
(b Table below shows some of the characteristics
) of 5 types of wire with the same diameter.
Jadual di
bawah menunjukkanbeberapaciribagi 5
jenisdawai yang sama diameter.

TABLE / JADUAL

Explain the suitability of each of the

characteristics of the wire, for it to be used as
a high-voltage cable for electrical energy
transmission.
Terangkankesesuaiansetiapciridawaiitu,
supayaiadigunakansebagaikabelvoltan-
 30
tinggidalampenghantarantenagaelektrik.

Hence choose the most suitable wire to be

used and explain the reasons for your choice.
Seterusnyapilihdawai yang paling
sesuaidigunakandanterangkansebab-
sebabbagipilihananda.
[10 marks/10 markah]

CHARACTERISTICS REASON
Density must be low So that the mass/weight of the
Ketumpatan rendah cables is smaller.
Supaya jisim/berat kabel adalah
kecil.

Resistance per metre has to be low So that loss of power from the cables
Rintangan per meter kecil. is reduced.
Supaya kehilangan kuasa dari kabel
adalah dikurangkan

Must possess ability to resist rusting So that cables can last a longer time
Mempunyai ciri tahan karat and are not easily damaged.
Supaya kabe ltahan lama dan tidak
mudah menjadi rosak

Rate of expansion must be small, Cables will not sag too much in hot
Kadar pengembangan kecil days, not subject to extreme
forces,less pylons required.
Kabeltidakakanmenjadikendurpada
haripanas,
tidakdikenakandayaterlampau,
kurangmenaradiperlukan

Wire A is most suitable Because the density must be low

Dawai A paling sesuai ,resistance per metre has to be
low,must possess ability to resist
rusting and rate of expansion must
be small

DECISION MAKING – ELECTRONIC

Table 17 show the characteristics of five substances P, Q, R, S and T
Jadual 17 menunjukkan ciri lima bahan P, Q, R, S dan T

Characteristics Resistivity at Melting point / Electron Size of the

00c/ μΩ cm 0c valence of doping atom
doping compared with
substance the size of the
Subtance atom
P 105 100 4 Very big
Q 107 600 3 Almost the same
R 1018 800 4 Big
S 103 120 2 Very small
T 1024 300 2 Small

Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the substances to be used in the

production of a semiconductor with better conductivity and determine the most
suitable substance to be used. Give reason for your choice.
 31
Jelaskan kesesuaian ciri bahan yang akan digunakan untuk menghasilkan
1. (ii) Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi lima sumber radioaktif
seperti ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah .

semikonduktor yang mempunyai kekonduksian yang baik dan tentukan bahan

yang manakah yang paling sesuai. Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[10 marks]

DECISION MAKING – ELECTRONIC

Characteristics Explanation
The resistivity at 00c is low A current can flow through it more
easily/ Increasing the conductivity of the
substance
High melting point Not melting easily at high temperature
The valency of the doping substance are Valency of 3 is used to make p-type
3 or 5 semiconductor and valency of 5 is to
make n-type semiconductor
Size of the atom is almost the same as Can maintain the crystal-line structure of
the size of the substance the substance/
Give good effect in the doping process
Q is chosen
Because the resistivity at 00c is low, high melting point, the valency of the doping
substance are 3 and 5 & size of the atom is almost the same as the size of the
substance.

RADIOACTIVITY
 32
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap cirri sumber radioaktif itu dan tentukan
sumber radioaktif yang paling sesuai untuk mengesan kebocoran air.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
You are asked to investigate the characteristics of five radioactive
sources shown in table below.
Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the radioactive sources
and determine the most suitable radioactive source which can be used
to locate the water leak.
Give reasons for your choice.

Sumberradioakti Kuasapenembu Sinarandipancar Separuhha KeadaanjirimSt

f Radioactive san Penetrating kan Emitted yat Half-life ate of matter
source power radiation
P Rendah Alfa - α 16 jam Pepejal
Low Alpha – α 16 hours Solid
Q Tinggi Medium Beta – β 20 hari Cecair
Beta - β 20 days Liquid
R Sederhana Beta – β 15 jam Cecair
Medium Beta - β 15 hours Liquid
S Tinggi Gamma – γ 40 minit Pepejal
High Gamma - γ 40 minutes Solid
T Tinggi Gamma – γ 10 jam Cecair
High Gamma - γ 10 hours Liquid

[10 markah]
[10 marks]
ANSWER
TOPIC: RADIOACTIVITY
QUALITATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING / MODIFICATION

Mempunya ikuasa penembusan yang sederhana

has medium penetrating power
2.boleh menembusi tanah dan muncul dari tanah
can penetrate the soil and emerge from the ground
3.Sinar beta beta ray
4. kuasa penembusan yang sederhana / kurang berbahaya terhadap pekerja
medium penetrating power / less dangerous to the worker.
5.mempunyai setengah hayat yang pendek
has a short half-life
6. pendek tetapi masa yang mencukupi untuk mengesankan radioaktif / aktif
dalam air dengan masa yang pendek supaya tidak berbahaya terhadap
pengguna air short but enough time to detect the radioactive / active in water for a
short time so not harmful to the water consumer
7.Cecair liquid
8.melarutkan dalam air denganmudah
dissolved easily in water
9.Bahan R adalah paling sesuai
substance R is the most suitable
10.Dengan setengah hayat yang pendek, memancarkan sinar beta, cecair dan
mempunyai kuasa penembusan yang sederhana
WITH short half-life, emits beta ray, liquid and has medium penetrating power
 33
FORCE AND MOTION (MODIFICATION)

Diagram above shows a worker carrying a gas tank. The motorcycle is to

be modified for beach patrol. It has to travel on soft, sandy beaches and
provide maximum comfort for the passengers. Using appropriate
concepts in physics, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways
that this can be carried out. Base your answers on the following aspects:
Rajah di atas menunjukkan seorang pekerja membawa tangki gas.
Motosikal ini diubahsuai untuk meronda tepi pantai. Menggunakan
konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau
cara yang boleh dilakukan. Jawapan anda seharusnya berdasarkan
pada aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Diameter of spring

Diameter spring
(ii) Width of tyres
Kelebaran tayar
(iii) Material of the seat
Bahan untuk tempat duduk
(iv) Material for motorcycle frame
Bahan untuk rangka motorsikal
(v) Thread patterns on the tyres
Pola bunga pada tayar
[ 10 marks/ markah]

Modifications Explanation
1. Use smaller diameter Higher spring constant thus able to carry heavier
load
2. Use wider tyre Increase contact area/reduce pressure
3. Soft material used Increase contact time/ decrease impulsive force
for seat
4. Use low density/light Reduce weight of motorcycle
material
5. Deep / rough thread Increase frictional grip/ road holding.
pattern

FORCE AND MOTION (MODIFICATION)

Diagram below shows an athlete throwing a javelin.

 34
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan seorang atlet sedang melontar lembing.

Track
Landasan

Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use of suitable

equipment and techniques to improve his performance.
Your answer should include the following aspects:
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan kegunaan peralatan
dan teknik yang sesuai untuk memperbaiki pencapaian lontaran lembing.
Jawapan anda hendaklah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Materials used for javelin

Bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat lembing
[ 4 marks/ markah]
(ii) Shape of javelin
Bentuk lembing
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(iii) Motion of the athlete
Gerakan atlet
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(iv) How the javelin should be thrown
Bagaimana lembing perlu dilontar
[ 2 marks/ markah]

Strong material Do not break easily

Small mass To increase the acceleration

Streamline javelin To reduce air resistance

The athlete has to increase his speed To increase energy/ force
/ accelerate
Throw at angle of 45 oC To get maximum horizontal distance
Throw with a great force of throwing

FORCES & PRESSURE

1. Malaysian Hiking Club is going to organize a climbing expedition to Mount
Everest. As a team advisor, you are required to set designs of equipments are
 35
needed for all team members so that, they can withstand to extreme cold
weather along the expedition, hence help them to reach summit of Everest
safely. The summit temperature averages about -36°C, thin air and land floor
covered by ice and glacier.
Kelab Pendaki Malaysia merancang satu ekspedisi mendaki Gunung Everest.
Sebagai seorang penasihat pasukan itu, anda diminta menetapkan reka
bentuk peralatan yang diperlukan bagi semua ahli pasukan supaya mereka
mampu bertahan daripada cuaca sejuk lampau sepanjang ekspedisi,
seterusnya membantu mereka menakluki puncak Gunung Everest dengan
selamat. Suhu purata puncak gunung kira-kira -36°C dan muka buminya
dilitupi ais dan glasier.

Using your knowledge of forces, pressure, temperature and properties of

matter, state and explain the suggestions based on the following aspects:
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang daya-daya, tekanan, suhu dan sifat
bahan, nyatakan dan terangkan cadangan berdasarkan aspek-aspek
berikut:

(a) The attire of the climber

Pakaian pendaki
(b) The type of material used for back pack
Jenis bahan digunakan untuk beg galas
(c) The way to breathe in high altitudes
Cara bernafas di altitud yang tinggi
(d) The design of climbing equipment
Reka bentuk peralatan pendakian
[10 marks]
Skema Jawapan:

Question Suggestion Explanation Mark

1 Use warm clothing/ Thick To maintain body temperature// To
clothing withstand low temperature//
1+1
To prevent drop in body
temperature
Use waterproof material for To prevent water entering the back
1+1
back pack pack
Use light material for back Reduce load to carry// It is lighter
1+1
pack
Use strong material for back It does not torn easily
1+1
pack
Bring an oxygen tank// Bring To supply oxygen// To help to
1+1
a respiratory aids breath normally
Bring a hiking sticks To maintain/support the body
1+1
balance
Wear a boots with spikes To increase the grip on the surface
of the ground 1+1

FORCES & PRESSURE

 36
2. Submarine is used to move underwater. Using suitable physics concept,
explain how you can design a basic structure of a small submarine so that it
can be used for an underwater exploration.

Kapal selam digunakan untuk bergerak dalam air. Menggunakan konsep fizik
yang sesuai, terangkan bagaimana anda merekabentuk struktur asas sebuah
kapal selam kecil bagi kegunaan penerokaan dalam air.

The design should include the following aspects:

Reka bentuk hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) The material and thickness of the wall

Bahan dan ketebalan dinding kapal selam
(b) Shape of the submarine
Bentuk kapal selam
(c) Able to submerge
Kebolehan untuk menyelam
(d) The equipments to detect to underwater obstacles and depth.
Peralatan untuk mengesan halangan dalam air dan kedalaman.
[10 marks]
Skema Jawapan:
Question Suggestion Explanation Mark
2 Thick wall Withstand high pressure 1+1
High density material Increase mass// Can submerge
1+1
easily
Strong material Does not break easily 1+1
Aerodynamic shape Reduce water resistance 1+1
Ballast tank To increase or reduce weight 1+1
Sonar transmitter and To estimate distance and depth
1+1
receiver
Any 5 pairs 10

FORCES & PRESSURE

Diagram 9.2

The simple hydraulic jack in diagram 9.2 is not suitable to use to lift a car in a
workshop. Using suitable Physics concepts, explain the required modification that
 37
need to be done to enable the machine to lift a car easily in a workshop. You can
emphasise on the following aspects in your modification:
Jek hidraulik ringkas dalam rajah 9.2 tidak sesuai digunakan untuk mengangkat
sebuah kereta di dalam bengkel membaiki kereta. Menggunakan konsep Fizik yang
sesuai terangkan pengubahsuaian yang diperlukan bagi membolehkan mesin ini
mengangkat kereta dengan mudah. Pengubahsuaian adalah merangkumi aspek-
aspek berikut:
i. Method so that only small force is applied at piston A
Kaedah supaya daya kecil sahaja dikenakan pada omboh A
ii. Component to control flow of liquid in the hydraulic jack
Komponen untuk mengawal pengaliran cecair dalam jek hidraulik
iii. Component in the hydraulic jack to lower the car
Komponen dalam jek hidraulik untuk menurunkan kereta
iv. Size of pistons
Saiz piston
v. Type of liquid used
Jenis cecair yang digunakan
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
SKEMA:
Suggestion Reason
Fix a long handle on piston A Small force can produce bigger force /
torque to press piston A
Equip the hydraulic jack with valves Liquid can flow in one direction and
does not back flow
Use released valves Liquid flow back to the storage reservoir
Piston A is made smaller / piston B bigger To produce large output force
Oil is liquid Does not evaporate easily / does not
flow out easily / prevent from rust

KONSTRUK: MODIFICATION
TOPIK: CAHAYA

1. (c) Sebagai seorang pengakap, anda bercadang untuk mereka

sebuah dapur solar yang boleh mendidihkan air menggunakan
pancaran matahari secara terus. Cadang dan terangkan
bagaimana untuk membina sebuah dapur solar yang boleh
mendidihkan air dalam masa yang singkat berdasarkan aspek-
aspek berikut :
As a scout, you intend to design a solar cooker that can be used to boil
water using direct sun light. Suggest and explain how to build a solar
cooker which can boil water in shortest time, based on the following
aspect :

(i) Jenis cermin yang digunakan

The type of a mirror used

(ii) Kedudukan bekas air

The position of the water container

(iii) Bahan yang digunakan untuk komponen dapur

The material used for the cooker compartment
 38

(iv) Warna yang dicatkan pada bahagian luar dan dalam dapur
solar.
The colour painted on the outside and inside of the solar
cooker.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

(c) 1.Menggunakan cermin cekung 10

1.
Use concave mirror
2. menumpu / fokus sira cahaya
converge / focus the sun light
3. Letakkan bekas air pada titik fokus cermin cekung.
Put the water container at the focal point of the concave
mirror.
4.Semua sinar cahaya boleh dipantulkan dan fokus pada
titik fokus // mendapat haba maximum
All the light rays can be reflected and focus at the focal
point // get maximum heat
5. Cat bahagian luar periuk dengan warna hitam
Paint the outside part of the cooker with black colour
6. Untuk menyerap banyak haba
To absorb large amount of heat
7.Membungkus/ guna aluminium / warna perak bahagian
dalaman Wrap / use aluminium foil / silver colour inside
Supaya sinar cahaya dapat dipantulkan balik ke dalam
periuk.
So sun light can be reflected back into the cooker
9. Membungkus periuk dengan plastic atau kaca
Wrap the cooker with plastic or glass
Untuk memerangkap haba
To trap heat
11. Masukkan batu-batu kecil / batu-batu kerakal / guli ke
dalam periuk
Put small stones / pebbles / marbles inside the cooker
Menyerap haba
Absorb heat
13. Periuk logam
metal
Konduktor yang baik
good conductor
20

2. (c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan gambar rajah sinar sebuah projektor slaid.
Diagram below shows a ray diagram of a slide projector.
 39

Kondenser Skrin
Kanta projecktor Screen
Condenser Projector lens
Cermin cekung
Concave mirror Slaid
Slide

Mentol
Bulb

Projektor slaid diperlukan untuk penggunaan dalam dewan sekolah.

Anda dikehendaki mengubahsuai projektor slaid itu untuk menghasilkan
imej yang lebih jelas dan boleh dilihat oleh 800 orang pelajar.
Cadang dan terangkan berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
The slide projector is needed in your school hall. You are required to
modify the slide projector so that it can produce clearer image and can
be seen by 800 students.
Suggest and explain based on the following aspects:

(i) Kuasa mentol yang digunakan

The power of the bulb used
(ii) Kedudukan mentol dari cermin cekung.
The position of the bulb from the concave mirror.
(iii) Kelengkungan cermin cekung.
The curvature of the concave mirror.
(iv) Kedudukan slaid dari kanta projektor.
The position of the slide from the projector lens.
(v) Kedudukan skrin dari projektor.
Position of the screen from the projector.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

Guna mentol yang tinggi kuasa
Use higher power bulb
Filamen mentol terletak di titik
fokus cermin cekung The filament
of the bulb is at the focus point of
the concave mirror
Lebih kelengkungan
More curvature
Kanta antara f dan 2f
lens between f and 2f
Memanjangkan jarak / Menjauhi
skrin
Increase the distance / further
away the screen
Modification (10 marks) : Waves
Intensiti cahaya yang lebih tinggi / lebih
banyak cahaya dihasilkan.
Higher intensity of light / more light produced.
Sinaran cahaya fokus pada satu titik. // Sinaran
cahaya selari boleh diperolehi selepas
pantulan daripada cermin cekung.
The light ray focuses to one point. // Parallel ray
can be obtain after reflection by concave
mirror.
Lebih banyak cahaya dipantulkan(atas)
//kurang cahaya ke arah lain selain atas.
More light to be reflected (upwards) // less light
towards other direction other than upwards.
Untuk menghasilkan imej yang nyata dan
membesarkan/ lebih besar.
To produce real and enlarge / bigger images.
Imej yang lebih besar dihasilkan.
Larger image produced.
 40
1. Diagram shows the design of a dish made by a student to boil water in a
kettle using solar energy.
Rajah menunjukkan reka bentuk sebuah piring yang dibuat oleh seorang
murid untuk mendidihkan air di dalam cerek menggunakan tenaga suria.

You are required to modify the design in the diagram so that the water boils
in a shorter time.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubah suai reka bentuk di dalam rajah supaya
air mendidih dalam masa yang lebih singkat.
Nyata dan terangkan pengubahsuaian berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Shape of the dish.

Bentuk piring

(ii) The type of surface of the dish

Jenis permukaan piring

(iii) Size of the dish

Saiz piring

(iv) Position of the kettle

Kedudukan cerek

(v) The orientation dish

Orientasi piring

MODIFCATION
The shape of the dish is parabolic
The surface of the dish is shining
The size of the dish should be large
The kettle should be positioned at the
focal point of the dish
The orientation of the dish should face
the sun
EXPLANATION
To collect as much heat as possible
To reflect heat effectively
To absorb more heat
Heat can be focused to the kettle so that the
kettle could be heated faster
The heat energy will fall directly on the dish
 41
2. Diagram shows a communication system involved in transmitting information
between two distant locations.
Rajah menunjukkan satu sistem komunikasi yang terlibat dalam
penghantaran maklumat antara dua lokasi yang jauh.

Wave is transmitted from the transmitter and rrecieved by the receiver.

However the signal is not clear.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a communication system
wihch can improve the quality of signal transmission.
Gelombang dipancarkan dari pemancar dan diterima oleh penerima
tersebut. Walau bagaimana pun isyarat yang diterima tidak jelas.
Anda dikehendaki memberi beberapa cadangan untuk merekabentuk satu
sistem komunikasi yang dapat menambahbaik kualiti penghantaran isyarat.

Using the knowledge on waves, explain you suggestions based on the

following aspects:
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang gelombang, terangkan cadangan
anda berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Type of wave transmitted

Jenis gelombang yang dipancarkan
(ii) Frequency of the wave
Frekuensi gelombang
(iii) Diameter of the reciever
Diameter penerima
(iv) The method involved which enable the wave to propagate in a longer
distance
Kaedah yang terlibat yang membolehkan gelombang itu merambat
dalam jarak yang lebih jauh
(v) Location of the transmitter and the reciever
Lokasi pemancar dan penerima

MODIFCATION
Type of wave transmitted is microwave
Frequency of the wave should be higher
Diameter of the receiver should be larger
The method involved is to use relay
stations
The transmitter dan the receiver are
located on the top of the hill
EXPLANATION
It can penetrate the atmosphere
It has higher energy
It can reflect more signals
To overcome damping
Signal can be sent further
It has wider receiving range
 42
[ELECTROMAGNETISM]
Diagram 1 shows an electric bell.
Rajah menunjukkansatulocengelektrik

Diagram 1
The electric bell is found to be unable to hit the gong continuously.
Suggest and explain the modifications that need to be done on the electric bell to
increase its efficiency.
Didapatilocengelektriktersebuttidakmemukul gongsecaraberterusan.
Cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuain yang
diperlukanuntukmenambahkecekapanlocengelektriktersebut

Your answer should include the following aspects

Jawapanandamengandungiciri-ciri di bawah

(i) shape of the core / bentukteras

(ii) number of turn of coil / bilanganlilitan
(iii) material used for the core / bahandigunakanuntukteras
(iv) Additional material / bahantambahan lain [10 marks]

The efficiency of the electric bell can be increased by

U shape core
Attach spring to armature
Attach contact screw to armature
Increase the number of turn of coil
Use soft iron core
To increase the strength of magnetic field
The armature will return back to its original
position when no attraction occur
Cut the circuit when the armature attract
to the electromagnet, so that the hammer
hit the gong continuously
To increase the strength of magnetic field
To increase the strength of magnetic field
 43
ELECTRONIC
Diagram 10.4 shows a circuit with transistor that acts as an automatic switch. LED will
light up when it is dark.
Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan sebuah litar bertransistor yang bertindak sebagai suis
automatic. LED akan menyala apabila gelap.

A technician wants three fans labeled 240 V, 100 W in a room to be automatically

switched on when the room is hot. Suggest modification that can be made to the
circuit in diagram 10.4 so that the three fans can be automatically switched on
when the room is hot based on the following aspect.
Seorang juruteknik ingin tiga buah kipas bertanda 240 V, 100 W dalam sebuah bilik
dihidupkan secara automatic apabila bilik itu panas.
Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan pada litar dalam rajah 10.4
supaya tiga buah kipas dapat dihidupkan secara automati kapabila bilik itu panas
berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspect.
Nyatakan dan beri penerangan tentang pengubahsuaian itu berdasarkan aspek-
aspek berikut.
 The electric component to replace light dependent resistor in the circuit.
Komponen elektrik untuk menggantikan perintang peka cahaya
 The position of electric component
Kedudukan komponen elektrik
 The used of relay switch in the circuit
Penggunaan suis geganti dalam litar
 The arrangement of the three fans
Susunan tiga kipas
 Electric component to protect the transistor
Komponen elektrik untuk melindungi transistor

Jawapan
Modifiction
LDR is replaced by termistor
Termistor is placed at R1 and R1 replace LDR
Relay switch replace LED
Fans are arranged parallel
Resistor connected to the base transistor
Explanation
Resistance decrease when temperature
increase
So that voltage across R1 increase when the
room is hot
To switch on the secondary circuit
All fans receive 240 V power supply/other
fans still function even though one fan did
not function
Limit the current to the transistor
44