Professional Documents
Culture Documents
________________________________________________________________
Experiment No.1
Submitted by,
AADITH A B150184EC
AJESH S B150784EC
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. IC 741
2. LM311
3. Resistors
4. Capacitors
5. Diodes (1N4007)
6. Potentiometer
7. AFTs
8. Connecting wires
THEORY
BPSK Modulation:
BPSK is the simplest form of phase shift keying (PSK). It uses two phases which are separated
by 180° and so can also be termed 2-PSK.BPSK modulation is achieved by varying the phase of
the carrier depending on the message bits. The modulation of BPSK is done using a balance
modulator, which multiplies the two signals applied at the input. For a zero binary input, the
phase will be 0° and for a high input, the phase reversal is of 180°. One sinusoid is taken as the
basis function and modulation is achieved by varying the phase of this sinusoid depending on the
message bits.
Fig1. Schematic of BPSK Band pass modulation
BPSK Demodulation:
The block diagram of BPSK demodulator consists of a mixer with local oscillator circuit, a
bandpass filter and a detector circuit.
PROCEDURE
1. Generate a square wave (of 1 KHz, 2 Vpp) corresponding to input data stream and sine
wave (10 KHz, 2 Vpp) to act as a carrier signal.
2. Assemble the circuit and observe BPSK output on CRO and obtain the waveform
3. Take this signal and feed it to the inverting input of the demodulator circuit. Give carrier
as the other input.
4. Take the output on the CRO. Adjust the potentiometer to obtain the correct output
OUTPUT
1.Modulator Output
2.Demodulator Output
OBSERVATIONS
1. Slight phase shift is obtained in the demodulated wave, due to switching delay in the capacitor
of the low pass filter.
2. The phase of a carrier is changed according to the modulating waveform which is a digital
signal.
3.At the demodulation stage the resistance of the potentiometer must be varied to ensure proper
summation of the carrier and BPSK modulated signal.
RESULT