Pulmonary tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that

mainly involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs.

Causative Organism

Pulmonary TB is caused by M. tuberculosis which is a rod-shaped bacteria with a

waxy capsule. It is non-motile (requires external forces, such as coughing for
example, to move from place to place), does not form spores, and is aerobic.

Risk Factors

 Old Age

 Infants

 Children

 Alcoholism

 Low Socio economic Status

 Drug addicts

 HIV positive

 People with weakened immune systems

 Severely malnourished

 People with frequent contact to the infected individual

 Have poor nutrition

 Live in crowded or unsanitary living conditions

 Healthcare workers

Symptoms:

 Cough (sometimes producing phlegm)

 Coughing up blood

 Excessive sweating, especially at night

 Fatigue
  Fever

 Unintentional weight loss

 Pallor:

 Breathing difficulty

 Chest pain

 Wheezing

Transmission

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread by small airborne droplets,

called droplet nuclei, generated by the coughing, sneezing, talking, or
singing of a person with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. These
minuscule droplets can remain airborne for minutes to hours after
expectoration.
 Nursing Care Plan

Px’s Name: Wilfredo Rodriguez Diagnosis: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Age: 59y/o Gender: Male Room#: ½ (male ward) RGH

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION

Subjective: ` Ineffective Short term goal:  Assessed  Provides ` At the end of

airway respiratory a basis for the shift, the client
“Difficulty of clearance During my 6hrs rate. evaluating was able to display
breathing” c/c. related to poor nursing adequacy of patency of airway
cough effort intervention, the ventilation. as manifested by:
possibly client will be able
Objective: evidence by to:  Noted chest  Clie
abnormal movement;  Use of nt’s
 Abnormal breath sounds  Sustain use of accessory respiratory
breath sounds: and dyspnea. respiratory rate accessory muscles of rate is
wet crackles. within normal muscles respiration may within
range: RR = 12-20 during occur in normal
 Dyspnea; use cpm. respiration. response to range: RR-
of accessory ineffective 19 bpm.
muscles for  Display ventilation.
respiration: decreasing amount  Secr
elevated of secretion.  Auscultated  Crackles etions
shoulders. breath indicate decreased.
 Allay restless- sounds; accumulation
 Restless ness. noted areas of secretions  Clie
with and inability to nt’s
 Vital signs: presence of clear airways. restlessness
Long term goal: adventitious was
BP - 80/60 sounds.  Expecto alleviated
hhmg During the client’s rations may be and
Tº - 36.5ºc stay at the hospital different when remained
RR - 26 cpm he will be able to  Documente secretions are calm.
PR - 75 bpm maintain patent d very thick.
airway as respiratory
evidenced by: secretions:
character  Positioni
 Norm and amount ng helps
al of sputum. maximize lung
respiration expansion.
as evidenced  Maintained
by absence patient on  To
of dyspnea moderate maintain
and high back adequate
adventitious rest. airway patency.
breath
sounds (wet  Checked
crackles). for
obstructions
 Norm :
al breathing accumulatio
pattern: RR n of
= 12-20 secretions.
cpm.
 Take
 Abse medications
nce of as ordered
bronchial by the
secretions. physician.

 Allay
restless-ness