Geometric Construction (Arcs, Circles, Polygons) PDF

Geometric Construction 2
Circles
Arcs
Polygon
DETERMINING THE CENTER
•Arc
•Circle
DETERMINING THE CENTER OF
AN ARC/CIRCLE
• Given: an arc
AN ARC
1. Draw an arbitrary line with endpoints on the
circumference of the circle. Label the
endpoints of the chord as A and B.
A
B
AN ARC
2. Draw another arbitrary line, connected to
point B with the other endpoint on the
circumference labeled as C.
A
C
AN ARC
3. Using the method outlined for bisecting a
line, bisect lines A-B and B-C.
C
AN ARC
4. Locate point X where the two extended
bisectors meet. Point X is the exact center of
the circle.
A
C
X
Drawing a circle/arc
through three points
DRAWING A CIRCLE/ARC
THROUGH THREE POINTS
• Given: Three points in space at random: A, B,
and C.
C
1. With straight lines, lightly connect points A
to B, and B to C.
C
2. Using the method outlined for bisecting a
line, bisect lines A-B and B-C.
C
3. Locate point X where the two extended
bisectors meet. Point X is the exact center of
the arc or circle.
C
X
4. Using X as center and radius equal to XA (or XB
or XC), draw a/an circle/arc. The circle/arc
drawn passed through the three given points.
C
X
RECTIFYING AN
ARC LENGTHS
RECTIFYING AN ARC LENGTHS
•Given: an arc
1. Find the center of the arc (see procedure for
finding the center of a circle).
A
B
X
2. Form the longest chord and divide it into two (see
procedure on how to bisect a line). Connect
either of the arc’s endpoints to its center.
A
1
B
C
2
X
3. Extend the chord. The length of the extension
must be equal to O2 or one-half of the chord 12.
A
1
B
C
2
Line O2 = Line 23
X
3
4. Draw a line perpendicular to the line connected to
the arc’s center and tangent to the circle.
A
1
B
C
2
X
3
5. Using point 3 as center and radius equal to line 13, strike
an arc intersecting the tangent line at point 4.
4
A
1
B
O
Line C4 is the rectified
C length of arc 12.
2
X
3
setting off a given length
along an arc
SETTING OFF A GIVEN LENGTH
ALONG AN ARC
• Given: Line AB and an arc JF
A B
F
ALONG AN ARC
1. Find the center of the given arc (see steps in
finding the center of an arc).
F
X
ALONG AN ARC
2. Connect the center to either of the endpoints. Draw line
perpendicular to line XF and tangent to the given arc.
F
X
ALONG AN ARC
3. Layout the length of line AB in the tangent line (recall
steps in transferring a line). Label the intersection as A’.
A’
Length of line AB
F
X
ALONG AN ARC
4. Divide line A’F into four equal segments. Label the
points as 1, 2, and 3.
A’
3
J
2
F
X
ALONG AN ARC
4. Using point 1 as center and radius equal to line
1A’, strike an arc intersecting the given arc. Label
the intersection as C.
A’
3
C
J
2
F
X
ALONG AN ARC
4. Arc FC is approximately equal to line AB.
A’
3
C
J
2
F
X
triangles
DRAWING AN EQUILATERAL
TRIANGLE
• Given: length of the sides
A B
Location of the triangle

TRIANGLE
1. Copy the given length.
A B
TRIANGLE
2. Using point A as center and radius equal to
the length of the given side, draw an arc.
Repeat the step, using B as center.
Center at A
Radius equal to AB Center at B
Radius equal to AB
A B
TRIANGLE
3. Locate Point 1 where the arcs intersect.
Connect the endpoints to Point 1.
A B
DRAWING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE
HYPOTENUSE AND A GIVEN LEG
• Given: - length of one side
- length of hypothenuse
C B
A Hypotenuse B

1. Using the length of the given hypotenuse as
diameter, draw a semi-circle.
A B
2. Using one endpoint of the hypotenuse as
center and the length of the side BC as
radius, draw an arc intersecting the semi-
circle at point C.
A B
3. Connecting point C with endpoints A and B
establishes the desired Right Triangle ABC
A B
LENGTH OF THE THREE SIDES
• Given: length of three sides
Side A
1 2
Side B
1 3
Side C
2 3

1. Layout Side A in the desired position.
1 2
2. Using endpoint 1 of side A as center and the
length of side B as radius, draw an arc above
side A.
Center at 1
Radius equal to side B
1 2
3. Using endpoint 2 of side A and the length of
side C as radius, draw a second arc
intersecting the first arc at point 3.
Center at 2
Radius equal to side C
1 2
4. Connecting point 3 with points 1 and 2
establishes Triangle ABC.
1 2
INSCRIBING A CIRCLE INSIDE
TRIANGLE
• Given: Triangle ABC
C
TRIANGLE ABC
1. Bisect angle A by line AD extending this
beyond the middle of the triangle.
A
Center at point 2 with 2
arbitrary radius R1 1
Center at point 1 with
arbitrary radius R1
B
D
C
TRIANGLE ABC
1. Bisect angle B by line BE intersecting line AD
at point O.
Center at point 3 with A

arbitrary radius R2
3
B E
4 D O
Center at point 4 with

arbitrary radius R2
C
TRIANGLE ABC
2. Draw line FG through point O perpendicular
to side AB at point H.
A
H
B E
D O
C
TRIANGLE ABC
3. Using point O as center and radius equal to
OH, draw the desired circle.
A
H
B E
D O
C
CIRCUMSCRIBING A CIRCLE
AROUND TRIANGLE ABC
• Given: Triangle ABC
AROUND TRIANGLE ABC
1. Draw a perpendicular bisector (Line DE) to
side AB.
AROUND TRIANGLE ABC
2. Draw a perpendicular bisector (Line FH) to
side BC intersecting Line DE(first bisector) at
point O.
O
AROUND TRIANGLE ABC
3. Using point O as center and OC (or OB) as
radius , draw the desired circumscribed
circle.
O
INSCRIBING AN EQUILATERAL
TRIANGLE IN A CIRCLE OF RADIUS R
• Given: Radius of circle R.
R
1. Using the given radius, draw circle O.
O R
2. Designate any point A in the circumference of
the circle, point D is located at the opposite
end of the diameter line.
D
3. Using point A as center and radius R equal to the
radius of the circle, draw an arc cutting the
circumference of the circle at point B and at
point C.
C
A
D
4. Connect point D to points B and C to
complete the triangle.
C
A
D
DRAWING A SQUARE WITH SIDE
AB GIVEN
• Given: Length of side AB
A B
Location of the square

AB GIVEN
1. Draw side AB in the desired position.
Construct line BE perpendicular to side AB
and originating from point B.
E
A B
AB GIVEN
2. Using point B as center and AB as radius, draw an arc
cutting line BE at point C.
A B
AB GIVEN
3. Using points A and C as centers and the
same radius in both operations, draw two
arcs intersecting each other at point D.
E
D C
A B
AB GIVEN
4. Connect point C to point D and point A to
point D.
E
D C
A B
DRAWING A SQUARE INSIDE A
CIRCLE
• Given: Radius of circle
R
CIRCLE
1. Draw the circle with point E as center. Draw
line AB through point E cutting the circle at
point G and H.
A
E R
B
CIRCLE
2. Draw line CD perpendicular to line AB
passing through point E and cutting the
circle at points M and N.
A C
M
G
H
N
D B
CIRCLE
3. Connect points G to M, M to H, H to N, and
N to G.
A C
G M
N H
D B
DRAWING A RECTANGLE
• Given: length of diagonal and length of one

side
Diagonal
B D
B C
DRAWING A RECTANGLE
1. Draw the diagonal BD and bisect it at point

O. Using point O as center, draw a circle
passing through point B and point D. Line BD
is a diameter.
O
B D
DRAWING A RECTANGLE
2. Using points B and D as centers, and length

of side BC as radius, draw two arcs cutting
the circle at point C and point A.
O
B D
A
DRAWING A RECTANGLE
3. Connect point B to point C, C to D, D to A,

and A to B to complete the rectangle.
B O D
A
INSCRIBING A PENTAGON INSIDE
A CIRCLE
• Given: radius of the circle
R
A CIRCLE
1. Draw two diameters of the circle which are perpendicular
to each other, cutting the circumference of the circle at
points A, L, M, N.
O
N L
M
A CIRCLE
2. Bisect radius OL at point P, from point P and using the
distance between point P and point A as radius, draw an arc
cutting radius ON at point X.
O
N L
X P
R
M
A CIRCLE
3. From point A and using the distance between point A and
point X as radius, draw a second arc cutting the circle at
point B.
B
O
N L
X P
R
M
A CIRCLE
4. Draw line AB and use its length to determine points C, D
and E around the circumference of the circle. Connect the
points.
E
B
O
N L
X P
R
D
C
M
INSCRIBING A REGULAR POLYGON
INSIDE A GIVEN CIRCLE
• Given: radius of the circle
n (number of sides)
ex. n=6
R
DRAWING REGULAR
POLYGON(Method 1)
1. Draw a circle and divide its diameter, line A-B, into n-parts
(number of sides of the polygon). Label them 1-(n-1).
A 1 2 3 4 5 B
DRAWING REGULAR
POLYGON(Method 1)
2. Using A (then B) as center and radius equal to line AB, draw
an arc. Where the arcs intersect, locate point C.
C
A 1 2 3 4 5 B
DRAWING REGULAR
POLYGON(Method 1)
3. Draw a line connecting point C to point 2 and extend the
line. Locate point D where the extended line intersects the
circle. C
A 1 2 3 4 5 B
D
DRAWING REGULAR
POLYGON(Method 1)
4. Connect points A and D. Using the length of line AD draw
the other side of the polygon.
C
A 1 2 3 4 5 B
D
INSCRIBING A REGULAR POLYGON
(Method 2)
• Given: length of one side
B C
DRAWING REGULAR POLYGON
(Method 2)
1. Recall method in constructing a square given side
AB.
A B
(Method 2)
2. Draw the diagonals of the square. Label the
intersection of the diagonal as 4. Point 4 is the center
of the circle that can inscribe a square.
A B
(Method 2)
3. Recall steps in constructing equilateral triangle. Label
the intersection as 6. Point 6 is the center of the circle
that can inscribe a hexagon.
A B
(Method 2)
4. Connect point 4 and point 6. Bisect line 46. Label the
midpoint as 5. Point 5 is the center of the circle that
can inscribe a pentagon with sides equal to AB.
5
4
A B

Geometric Construction (Arcs, Circles, Polygons) PDF

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Geometric Construction 2

Location of the triangle

Location of the triangle

Location of the triangle

Center at point 3 with A

Center at point 4 with

Location of the square

• Given: length of diagonal and length of one

1. Draw the diagonal BD and bisect it at point

2. Using points B and D as centers, and length

3. Connect point B to point C, C to D, D to A,

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