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University of Brasilia

Course: Wireless Networks


Professor: Giozza
Student: Caio Vitor da Silva Moreira
Student ID: 14/0058869

Nyquist-Shannon sampling
theorem
The sampling theorem is the very Image 2
fundamental core that connects analog signals
and digital signals. The theorem establishes a In the image 2, it is possible to see that
sufficient condition in which is possible to sample the sampling rate chosen was not enough to
a continuous signal and process it to become a reconstruct the original signal.
discrete signal in regard to time. An obvious follow-up question would be:
But what are the implications of sampling What is, then, a sufficient sampling rate to be
a signal? When is necessary to record and chosen so as enough data is taken to reconstruct
analog continuous signal, discrete-in-time the original signal but also no more data than the
samples must be taken; i.e. a digital video: The very necessary? The sampling theorem answers
camera processor chooses to snapshot in a precisely that. It states that, if a function x(t)
regular frequency and, when put together, it is contains frequencies no higher than B, a
possible to watch and make sense of the sufficient sampling-rate is anything larger than
information recorded. The less snapshots taken 2B.
in a given time, the less information will be put Nyquist contributed for the sampling
together. That idea is well translated to a wave theorem by also taking in consideration the
signal. The sampling considers not image several frequencies in which a signal can be
snapshots but values of amplitude in time. transmitted. If a signal exists in V frequencies,
Consider the image below: the sampling must consist of: Fs = 2Bw*log2(V).
Shannon, 15 years later, also studied the
sampling science. Advancing further in the study,
he took in consideration the signal noise ratio.
Eventually, the following formula was presented:
Fs=Bw*log2*(1+ S/N).

Image 1

In the image 1, it is possible to see the


sampling at the given sine function. The chosen
Sampling Rate ​is good enough to reconstruct the
sine function with only the values observed. Now,
consider the following image:

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