DESIGN FOR SHEAR IN RC BEAM Presented by: Harsh Mahajan

DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN

LECTURE PLAN FOR RCC DESIGN

Lecture
Objective
Material Loading WSM and LSM
Properties

Intro
Theory
Analysis of Flexure design Design for
beam and slab of beam and Shear
slab

IS Code
Numerical
Design of bond Analysis and Design of
and torsion design of footing and
Column staircase

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
OBJECTIVE
 To define shear failure mechanism

Objective
 To understand shear failure mode in RC beam
 To locate the critical section for shear
 To design of shear reinforcement in RC beam according to Indian Standard

Intro
(IS 456:2000)

Theory
IS Code
Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INTRODUCTION
 Shear stresses in Homogeneous rectangular beams:
q f2

Objective
f1

fx q
q ϕ
fx q f1
My VQ q
fx = q𝑥 =

Intro
f2
I Ib
2𝑞 1 𝑓𝑥
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜙 = 𝑓1,2 = 𝑓𝑥 ± + 𝜏2
𝑓𝑥 2 2

Theory
𝐴𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚: 𝑞 = 0 𝑓1 = 𝑓𝑥 ; 𝑓2 = 0; 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝜙 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90
Principal Stress Trajectories 𝐴𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝: 𝑞 = 0 𝑓1 = 0 ; 𝑓2 = −𝑓𝑥 ; 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝜙 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90

IS Code
𝐴𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 𝜏 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓1 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑓2 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ;
𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝜙 = 45

Numerical
Conclusion
Probable Crack Pattern

DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN

 Lecture
THEORY
Modes of cracking
Flexure Cracks:

Objective
 Occur due to high flexure stress and low shear stress
 Can be found in all beam
 Maximum principal tensile stress will be govern by flexure stress fmax in bottom fiber

Intro
Diagonal Tension Crack:
 Occurs mainly in short span beam with relatively high depth or beam with thin web (I-section) or beam with heavy
concentrated load

Theory
 That means “Low flexure High shear stress”
 Maximum tensile stress occurs at Neutral axis with 450 angle, having value = τ
Flexure shear cracks:

IS Code
 In general combination of both flexure cracks and diagonal tension crack will be present in beam
 Collectively can be termed as Flexure shear crack
 Usually, first flexure crack come first and then it extend into a diagonal tension cracks

Numerical
Dowel force in bar:
 Transverse dowel forces introduced by tension bars as it functions as dowel
across the crack

Conclusion
 It resist relative traverse displacement between two segments of beam.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN

 Lecture
THEORY
 Shear Transfer Mechanism:
Applied load generates external shear force (V) resisted by following mechanisms:

Objective
1. Shear resistance of Un-cracked Portion of Concrete
2. Vertical Component of interface shear
3. Dowel Force in tension reinforcement

Intro
4. Shear resistance by carried by shear reinforcement (if provided)

Theory
Vs
Vcz
Vax
Vay Va

IS Code
T
Vd

Numerical
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑐𝑧 + 𝑉𝑎𝑦 + 𝑉𝑑 + 𝑉𝑠

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
THEORY

Objective
Before Flexure
Commencement of flexure cracking
V = Vcz

Intro
Diagonal tension crack
Redistribution of
stress

Theory
Shear reinforcement
Some effect from Vd intercept the crack
and Va Increase in tensile

IS Code
Less cracked area stress in reinforcement
means lower Vcz

Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
THEORY
 Failure Modes due to shear:
𝑓𝑥 𝑎

Objective
∝
𝜏 𝑑
a/d Modes of failure
<1 • Very deep beam

Intro
• Inclined cracking transform beam into tied-arch
• Tied arch may fail either by a breakdown of tension element (yielding, fracture of

Theory
longitudinal bar or breakdown of its compression chord (crushing of concrete)

• Failure is initiated by an inclined crack

IS Code
1<a/d<2.5
• Actual failure may takes place:
1. Crushing of reduced concrete section above the tip of crack (Shear

Numerical
compression failure)
2. Secondary cracking along tension reinforcement (Shear- tension failure)

2.5<a/d<6 • Beam may fail either in shear or flexure

Conclusion
• Flexure tension cracks develop early propagates by shear cracks
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Shear Stress

Objective
 Nominal Shear Stress:
Average
Distribution

Intro
Theory
Actual
Distribution

IS Code
Shear Force 𝑉𝑢
τav = = − 𝐶𝑙. 40.1
Area of cross section 𝑏𝑑
 Members with varying depth:

Numerical
𝑀𝑢
𝑉𝑢,𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑉𝑢 ± 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 − 𝐶𝑙. 40.1.1
𝑑

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Critical Sections for shear at support

Objective
Heavy Load

Vu 2d

Intro
d Vu Vu

Theory
d

IS Code
Numerical
Vu Vu
Cl 22.6.2

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Design Shear Strength of concrete without shear reinforcement

Objective
Design Shear strength τc of concrete can be taken as value of nominal shear stress
corresponding to load at which first inclined crack develops.
 τc = f(Grade of concrete, percentage of steel)

Intro
IS 456:2000 derived this value from following empirical formula (Provided in
Table 19):

Theory
( 1 + 5𝛽 − 1)
𝜏𝑐 = 0.85 0.8𝑓𝑐𝑘
6𝛽

IS Code
0.8𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝛽 = 6.89𝑝𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
1

Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Design Shear Strength of concrete without shear reinforcement

Objective
Design Shear strength close to support:
Shear strength close to support enhanced (located within 2d from support), when
the support reaction introduces transverse compression

Intro
Substantial portion of load near support transfer through strut action rather
through flexural shear

Theory
So, Design shear strength near support can enhanced:
2𝑑𝜏𝑐
𝜏𝑐(𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡) = − 𝐶𝑙. 40.5

IS Code
𝑎𝑣
But it should not exceed τmax
 For beam carrying uniform load or principal load is located farther than 2d no

Numerical
enhancement need.

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Design Shear Strength of concrete without shear reinforcement

Objective
Design Shear strength for slab:
Multiplication factor need to be used: (Cl. 40.2.1.1)
1.3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷 ≤ 150𝑚𝑚

Intro
𝑘 = 1.6 − 0.002𝐷 𝑓𝑜𝑟 150 < 𝐷 < 300𝑚𝑚
1.0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷 > 300𝑚𝑚

Theory
Influence of axial force:
Actual shear strength of concrete improved in presence of axial compression

IS Code
This delay the formation of first inclined crack and hence the shear strength also
increased.
Design shear strength under axial compression = δτc (Cl 40.2.2)

Numerical
3𝑃𝑢
1+
𝛿= 𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠

Conclusion
1.5
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Limiting Ultimate shear resistance

Objective
Yielding of shear reinforcement at ultimate limit state is need for ductile failure
If Shear R/f exceed certain limits, beam will be stronger in diagonal tension as
compared to diagonal compression (crushing of concrete)

Intro
Before yielding of shear R/F, shear-compression failure may occur i.e. Brittle
failure

Theory
To prevent such failure, IS 456:2000 (Table 20) imposed limit of shear resistance
of concrete.
In solid slab, maximum shear stress should not exceed τc,max/2.

IS Code
𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.62 𝑓𝑐𝑘

Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Design of Shear reinforcement (Cl. 40.4)

Objective
When τv is more than τc, shear reinforcement shall be provided in any of following
forms:
a) Vertical Stirrups

Intro
b) Bent-up Bar along with stirrups
c) Inclined Stirrupsc

Theory
In case of bent-up bars, its contribution towards shear resistance should not be
more than 50% of total shear requirement

IS Code
The amount of shear reinforcement to be provided is determined to carry a shear
force Vus equal to
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑

Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Design of Shear reinforcement

Objective
Vertical stirrups:
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑠 =
𝑠𝑣

Intro
Inclined stirrups or a series of bears bent up at different cross-sections:
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)

Theory
𝑠𝑣
For single bar or single group of parallel bars, all bent-up at the same cross-

IS Code
section:
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Asv= Total cross-sectional area of stirrups legs or bent-up bars with a distance Sv

Numerical
Sv= Spacing of stirrups or bent-up bar along the length of member
α = Angle between the inclined stirrups or bent-up bar and the axis of member
(should not exceed 45o)

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
INDIAN STANDARD 456:2000
Minimum Shear Reinforcement(Cl. 26.5.1.6)

Objective
Minimum shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups shall be provide such that:
𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
≥
𝑏𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦

Intro
Why?
To prevent sudden failure of beams if cover bursts and bond to tension steel lost

Theory
To prevent shear failure which would have occurred without shear reinforcement
To prevent tension failure which would have occur due to shrinkage, thermal

IS Code
stresses and internal cracking in beams
To hold reinforcement in place when concrete is placed

Numerical
Maximum spacing: (Cl. 26.5.1.5)
0.75𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠
𝑠𝑣 =
𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠

Conclusion
In no case shall the spacing exceeds 300mm
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
NUMERICAL
Problem:

Objective
A 5m effective span SS beam is subjected to UDL of 40kN/m including self wt..
The size of beam is 250mm X 500mm. The beam is reinforced with 2-20mm dia
in tension as well as in compression. Design the beam against shear. Use M20 and
Fe415. (ES-13) 250mm

Intro
#2, 20mm

Solution:

Theory
500mm
#2, 20mm

IS Code
Assuming effective cover = 50mm

Numerical
Effective depth = 500-50 = 450mm
Service Load= 40kN/m
Factored Load = 1.5X40 = 60kN/m

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
NUMERICAL

Objective
d= 450mm

150kN

Intro
Factored shear force :

Theory
𝑉𝑢 = 123𝑘𝑁
Nominal Shear Stress:

IS Code
123 𝑋 1000
𝜏𝑣 = = 1.093𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
250 𝑋 450
Check for τc,max : From IS 456, for M20, τc,max = 2.8 N/mm2

Numerical
τv < τc,max
Hence OK

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
NUMERICAL

Design shear strength:

Objective
𝜋
100 𝑋 𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 202
𝑝𝑡 = = 4 = 0.56%
𝑏𝑑 250 𝑋 450

Intro
By interpolation from table 19,
0.56 − 0.48
𝜏𝑐 = 0.48 + 𝑋 0.56 − 0.5 = 0.499 ≅ 0.5𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Theory
0.75 − 0.5
 Design of shear reinforcement:

IS Code
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 123000 − 0.5𝑋250𝑋450 = 66750𝑁
Assuming 2lgd- 8mm dia mild steel vertical stirrups:
𝜋
0.87𝑋 250𝑋2 82 𝑋450

Numerical
66750 = 4
𝑠𝑣
𝑠𝑣 = 147.4𝑚𝑚 ≈ 140𝑚𝑚𝑐/𝑐

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
NUMERICAL

Minimum shear reinforcement required:

Objective
𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
≥
𝑏𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦
100.53 0.4

Intro
≥
250 𝑋 𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑋250

Theory
𝑠𝑣 = 218.65𝑚𝑚 ≈ 210𝑚𝑚𝑐/𝑐
Check for maximum spacing:

IS Code
0.75𝑋 450 = 337.5𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑣 <
300𝑚𝑚
Providing 2lgd. 8mm dia mild steel bar @ 140mm c/c near end and @ 210 at

Numerical
centre

Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
NUMERICAL

Objective
Intro
Theory
IS Code
Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
CONCLUSION

Modes of cracking in Reinforced concrete beam was studied.

Objective
Understanding of shear transfer mechanism and shear failure mode was
developed.

Intro
Various recommendation of Indian standard codes was interpreted
Numerical based on developed understanding was solved.

Theory
IS Code
Conclusion Numerical
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
 Lecture
REFERENCE

 Reinforced concrete design, S Unnikrishna Pillai, Devdas Menon, 3rd Edition,

Objective
2012, Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private limited
IS 456: 2000, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi

Intro
Handbook of concrete reinforcement and detailing (SP 34:1987), Bureau of
Indian Standard, New Delhi

Theory
IS Code
Numerical
Conclusion
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (RCC) PRESENTED BY: HARSH MAHAJAN