EXPERIMENT III

ACID-BASE TITRATION
April 11th, 2017
A. Objectives
1. Student can prepare acid standard solution
2. Student can determine the normality of the acid/base using a standard solution
3. Student can determine the equivalence point using titration curve

B. Introduction
Titration is an analytical technique which allows the quantitative determination of a specific
substance (analyte) dissolved in a sample. It is based on a complete chemical reaction between the
analyte and a reagent (titrant) of known concentration which is added to the sample. A well-known
example is the titration of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar with sodium hydroxide. The titrant is
added until the reaction is complete. In order to be suitable for a determination the end of the
titration reaction has to be easily observable. This means that the reaction has to be monitored
(indicated) by appropriate techniques, e.g. potentiometry (potential measurement with a sensor) or
with colour indicators. The measurement of the dispensed titrant volume allows the calculation of
the analyte content based on the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction. The reaction involved in a
titration must be fast, complete, unambiguous and observable. (Anon n.d.)
Acid-base reactions, in which protons are exchanged between donor molecules (acids) and
acceptors (bases), form the basis of the most common kinds of equilibrium problems which you
will encounter in almost any application of chemistry. This document provides a reasonably
thorough treatment of aquatic-solution acid-base equilibria. Although it has been used as the
principal text for part of a university-level General Chemistry course, it can also serve as a
reference for teachers and advanced students who seek a more comprehensive treatment of the
subject than is likely to be found in conventional textbooks.
As background, we will assume that you already have some understanding of the following
topics:
• The Arrhenius concept of acids and bases
• the Brønsted-Lowry concept, conjugate acids and bases
• titration
• definition of pH and the pH scale
• strong vs. weak acids and bases
• the names of the common acids and bases
1 Proton donor-acceptor equilibria
In order to describe acid-base equilibria in the most general way, we will often represent an
acid by the formula HA and its conjugate base as A−. The actual electric charges of the species will
of course depend on the particular nature of A, but the base will always have one more negative
charge than the acid HA. The most fundamental property of a given acid-base system is the extent
of the above reaction. If the concentration of undissociated HA is negligible when the reaction is at
equilibrium, the acid is said to be strong. Only a very small number of acids fall into this category;
most acids are weak. There are two complications that immediately confront us when we attempt to
treat acid-base equilibria in a quantitative way:
1. Since protons cannot exist in solution as independent species, the tendency of an acid or a
base to donate or accept a proton (as in Eq 1) cannot be measured for individual acid or base species
separately; the best we can do is compare two different acid-base systems, and determine the extent
to which the bases are able to compete against each other for the proton.
 2. Water itself can act both as an acid and a base, and most of the practical applications of
acid-base chemistry are those involving aqueous solutions. This means that whenever we are
studing an aqueous solution of an acid HA, we must also contend with the conjugate acid and base
of H2O. We can make use of (2) to help us out with (1) by using water as a reference standard for
proton-donating and -accepting power. Thus the strength of an acid HA can be defined by the
equilibrium
1.1 The ion product of water
is known as the ion product of water. The value of Kw at room temperature is 1.008 × 10−14.
As with any equilibrium constant, the value of Kw is affected by the temperature (Kw
undergoes a 10-fold increase between 0 !C and 60 !C), by the pressure (Kw is about doubled at
1000 atm), and by the presence of ionic species in the solution. Because most practical calculations
involving Kw refer to ionic solutions rather than to pure water, the common practice of using 10−14
as if it were a universal constant is unwise; under the conditions commonly encountered in the
laboratory, pKw can vary from about 11 to almost 15 1. In seawater, Kw is 6.3 × 10−12. Notice that
under conditions when Kw differs significantly from 1.0 × 10−14, the pH of a neutral solution will
not be 7.0. For example, at a pressure of 93 kbar and 527 !C, Kw = 10−3.05, the pH of pure water
would be 1.5.
1.2 Acid and base strengths
Since the sum of the first two equations represents the dissociation of water (we are using H+
instead of H3O+ for simplicity), the equilibrium constant for the third reaction must be the product
of the first two equilibrium constants. Notice the value of pKa for the hydronium ion; its value of 0
corresponds to Ka = 1. Any acid whose Ka exceeds that of the hydronium ion is by definition a
strong acid. You will also notice that the pK’s of the strongest acids and bases are given only
approximate values; this is because these species are so strongly dissociated that the interactions
between the resulting ions make it difficult to accurately define their concentrations in these
solutions. (Lower n.d.)

Arrhenius Acids
You may have already noticed, in your first few weeks of studying chemistry, that the more
you learn about matter, the more ways you have of grouping and classifying the different
substances. The most common and familiar way of classifying substances is by their noteworthy
properties. For example, people long ago decided that any substance that has a sour taste is an acid.
Lemons are sour because they contain citric acid, and old wine that has been exposed to the air
tastes sour due to acetic acid. As chemists learned more about these substances, however, they
developed more specific definitions that allowed classification without relying on taste. A good
thing, too, because many acids and bases should not be tasted—or even touched. They speed the
breakdown of some of the substances that form the structure of our bodies or that help regulate the
body’s chemical changes.
Two different definitions of acid are going to be of use to us. For example, chemists conduct
many laboratory experiments using a reagent known as “nitric acid,” a substance that has been
classified as an acid according to the Arrhenius definition of acid (named after the Swedish Nobel
prize-winning chemist, Svante August Arrhenius). Arrhenius recognized that when ionic
compounds dissolve, they form ions in solution. (Thus, when sodium chloride dissolves, it forms
sodium ions and chloride ions.) He postulated that acids dissolve in a similar way to form H+ ions
and some kind of anion. For example, he predicted that when HCl is added to water, H+ ions and
Cl− ions form. We now know that H+ ions do not persist in water; they combine with water
molecules to form hydronium ions, H3O+. Therefore, according to the modern form of the
Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions, H3O+, when it is added to
water. On the basis of this definition, an acidic solution is a solution with a significant
concentration of H3O+. For reasons that are described in Section 5.7, chemists often find this
definition too limiting, so another, broader definition of acids, called the Brønsted-Lowry
definition, which we describe later, is commonly used instead.

Strong and Weak Acids

Although hydrochloric acid and acetic acid are both acids according to the Arrhenius
definition, the solutions created by dissolving the same numbers of HCl and HC2H3O2 molecules
in water have very different acid properties. You wouldn’t hesitate to put a solution of the weak
acid HC2H3O2 (vinegar) on your salad, but putting a solution of the strong acid HCl on your salad
would have a very different effect on the lettuce. With hydrochloric acid, you are more likely to get
a brown, fuming mess rather than a crisp, green salad. Strong acids form nearly one H3O+ ion in
solution for each acid molecule dissolved in water, whereas weak acids yield significantly less than
one H3O+ ion in solution for each acid molecule dissolved in water.
When an acetic acid molecule, HC2H3O2, collides with an H2O molecule, an H+ can be
transferred to the water to form a hydronium ion, H3O+, and an acetate ion, C2H3O2-. The acetate
ion, however, is less stable in solution than the chloride ion formed when the strong acid HCl
dissolves in water. Because of this instability, the C2H3O2-reacts with the hydronium ion, pulling
the H+ ion back to reform HC2H3O2 and H2O. A reaction in which the reactants are constantly
forming products and, at the same time, the products are re-forming the reactants is called a
reversible reaction. The chemical equations for reactions that are significantly reversible are
written with double arrows (R n.d.)

Acid-Base Titrations
Quantitative studies of acid-base neutralization reactions are most conveniently carried out
using a technique known as titration. In titration, a solution of accurately known concentration,
called a standard solution, is added gradually to another solution of unknown concentration, until
the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete. If we know the volumes of the
standard and unknown solutions used in the titration, along with the concentration of the standard
solution, we can calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. Sodium hydroxide is one of
the bases commonly used in the laboratory. However, it is diffi cult to obtain solid sodium
hydroxide in a pure form because it has a tendency to absorb water from air, and its solution reacts
with carbon dioxide. For these reasons, a solution of sodium hydroxide must be standardized before
it can be used in accurate
analytical work. We can standardize the sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against an
acid solution of accurately known concentration. The acid often chosen for this task is a monoprotic
acid called potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), for which the molecular formula is KHC 8 H 4 O
4 (molar mass 5 204.2 g). KHP is a white, soluble solid that is commercially available in highly
pure form.
 Redox Titrations
As mentioned earlier, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons, and acid-base
reactions involve the transfer of protons. Just as an acid can be titrated against a base, we can titrate
an oxidizing agent against a reducing agent, using a similar procedure. We can, for example,
carefully add a solution containing an oxidizing agent to a solution containing a reducing agent. The
equivalence point is reached when the reducing agent is completely oxidized by the oxidizing agent.
Like acid-base titrations, redox titrations normally require an indicator that clearly changes color

The indicator assumes the color of its oxidized form when it is present in an oxidizing
medium. At or near the equivalence point, a sharp change in the indicator’s color will occur as it
changes from one form to the other, so the equivalence point can be readily identifi ed. (Chang n.d.)

C. Apparatus and Reagent

1. Analytical balance
2. 100 mL volumetric flask
3. 100 mL erlenmeyer
4. 50 mL buret
5. Clamps
6. Statif
7. 10 mL volumetric pipet
8. Universal indicator
9. Oxalic acid crystals
10. Distilled water
11. 0,1 M NaOH solution
12. 0,1 M HCl
13. 0,1 M CH3COOH
14. PP Indicators
D. Procedure
1. Preparation of primary standard solution of H2C2O4(COOH)2.2H2O

Weigh accurately
1.2607 g. Oxalic acid crystal Dissolve with
distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric
flask

Until reaching mark

2. Determine the concentration of NaOH

Clean buret with NaOH solution that In two erlenmeyers flasks filled 10 mL
will be used and then filled with NaOH (with volumetric pipet ) oxalic acid
solution up to the 0 mL mark standard solution that has been made.
Add 2-3 drops of indicator PP

Record the volume (mL) of NaOH Drop down NaOH solution in the buret
used (the final state on a scale of buret) into the acid solution, shake at the same
times, until the color changes from
colorless to pink

Perform the above experiments in Calculate the concentration of NaOH by

duplicate the formula :

(V.N)oxalic acid = (V.N)NaOH

3. Determination of the concentration of HCl using secondary standard solution of NaOH

 Fill the buret with standardized of Provide two erlenmeyesr. Fill with 10
NaOH solution mL of HCl (using volumetric pipet) and
add 2-3 drops of PP

The further work is the same procedure

with titration of NaOh with oxalic acid

4. Making titration curve

Put 10 mL HCl into the erlenmeyer Measure the initial pH of HCl.

and standardized NaOH into buret up
the 0 mL mark

Add 1 mL NaOH dropwise into

Continue pH measurement every erlenmeyer, shake and measure the pH
addition of NaOH of solution

Do in the same way by replacing HCl

with 0,1 M CH3COOH

E. Observation Sheet
1. Mass of Oxalic acid = 1.2610 gram
Volume of solution = 100 mL
Molarity of Oxalic acid = 0,1 M
Normality of Oxalic acid = 0,2 N

2. Volume of Oxalic acid = 10 mL

Volume of NaOH (1) = 19,6 mL
Volume of NaOH (2) = 19,6 mL
Average volume of NaOH = 19,6 mL

3. Volume of HCl = 10 mL
 Volume of NaOH (1) = 9 mL
Volume of NaOH (2) = 8,9 mL
Volume of average NaOH = 8,95 mL

4. Relationship of the volume of titrant with pH in acid-base titration

No Volume of NaOH added to 10 pH

mL of 0,1M HCl
1. 0 1
2. 1 1
3. 2 1
4. 3 1
5. 4 1
6. 5 1
7. 6 3
8. 7 4
9. 8 8
10. 9 10
11. 10 10
12. 11 10
13.
14.
15.

No Volume of NaOH added to 10 pH

mL of 0,1M CH3COOH
1. 0 4
2. 1 4
3. 2 4
4. 3 4
5. 4 4
6. 5 4
7. 6 4
8. 7 5
9. 8 5
10. 9 6
11. 10 8
12. 11 10
13.
14.
15.
F. Calculations
1. Determine primary standard solution of H2C2O4(COOH)2.2H2O
 Mass of oxalic acid = 1.2610 gram
 Volume of solution = 100 mL
𝑚 1000
M oxalic acid = 𝑀𝑟 x 𝑉

1,2610 1000
= 126,070 x 10
= 0,1 M
N oxalic acid = M x a
= 0,1 x 2
= 0,2 N

2. Determine the concentration of NaOH using primary standard solution

 Volume of Oxalic acid = 10 mL
 Volume of NaOH (1) = 19,6 mL
 Volume of NaOH (2) = 19,6 mL
 Average volume of NaOH = 19,6 mL
(COONa)2 + 2H2O  2NaOH + (COOH)2
(N.V) oxalic acid = (N.V)NaOH
0,2 . 10 = N . 19,6
2
NNaOH = 19,6

= 0,1 N

3. Determination of the concentration of HCl using secondary standard solution of NaOH

 Volume of HCl = 10 mL
 Volume of NaOH (1) = 9 mL
 Volume of NaOH (2) = 8,9 mL
 Volume of average NaOH = 8,95 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

VHCl . NHCl = VNaOH . NNaOH

10 . NHCl = 8,95 . 0,1 . 1
0,895
NHCl = 10
NHCl = 0,0895
NHCl = 0,01 N
4. Making titration curve
1) NaOH-HCl
Molarity of HCl = 0,1 M
Volume of HCl = 10 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
 Eqiuivalence point at pH = 7 (theoritical)

12

10

8
pH

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 1. Titraion 0,1 M HCl by 0,1 NaOH

2) NaOH-CH3COOH
Molarity of CH3COOH = 0,1 M
Volume of CH3COOH = 10 mL
Molarity of NaOH = 0,1 M
Ka CH3COOH = 1,8 . 10-5

VCH3COOH . NCH3COOH = VNaOH . NNaOH

10 . 0,1 . 1 = VNaOH . 1 . 0,1
VNaOH = 10 mL

n NaOH = (M .V) NaOH

= 0,1 . 10
= 1 mmole

n CH3COOH = (M .V)CH3COOH
= 0,1 . 10
= 1 mmole

NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH (aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m 1 mmole 1 mmole - -
r 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole
s 0 0 1 mmole 1 mmole
 𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]

10−14
= √1,8 .10−5 [0,1]

= 5,5 . 10-6

pOH = - log [OH-]  pH = 14 – pOH

= - log 5,5 . 10-6 = 14 – 5,26
= 6 – log 5,5 = 8,74 (theoritical)
= 5,26

12

10

8
pH

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 2. Titration 0,1 M CH3COOH by 0,1 M NaOH

6+10
 Eqiuivalence point at pH = = 8 (practice)
2

G. Discussion
1. Determine primary standard solution of H2C2O4(COOH)2.2H2O
To determine the concentration of an acid-base, we need a standard solution. A standard
solution is a solution that known its concentration. In this experment, it will determined
concentration of base using acidic primary standard, We use 1.2607 gram oxalic acid crystal and
dissolved it with distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric flask until reaching mark. In the
experiment we get calculation result the normality of primary standard solution is 0,2 N.

2. Determine the concentration of NaOH using primary standard solution

NaOH as the secondary standard solution determined using acidic primary standard that
have we know before. The secondary standard solution will be used to determine the
concentration of other acid solution. The reaction is : (COONa)2 + 2H2O  2NaOH + (COOH)2.
Based on the experimental results it can be seen that there has been acid-base reaction
between oxalic acid (a weak acid) and NaOH (as a strong base). In the manufacture of standard
solution of sodium hydroxide indicators used are fenophtalein (indicator PP). Fenophtalein
indicators used in these experiments because fenophtalein colorless with a pH between 8.3 to 10.0
will facilitate the practitioner to know that the process has reached the equivalence point. Changes
that occur in this penitrasian process is transformed into a constant pink color from the color of
 clear origin. This color change occurs because it has been the achievement of the equivalence
point. The volume of NaOH required to titrate as many as 19,6 calculated from the average of two
tries. And the determination of the concentration of NaOH, normality obtained by 0.1 N.

3. Determination of the concentration of HCl using secondary standard solution of NaOH

The standardization of NaOH solution to the aqueous HCl used were phenolphthalein
indicator, when indicator is inserted color of the solution remains clear, after titrated with 10 mL
of 0.1 M NaOH solution changes to pink. The color change in the solution caused by the electrons
resonance isomers. Some indicators have different ionization constants, so indicating the color at
different pH range. on experiments with indicator PP reads the volume of NaOH which average is
8.95 mL in order to obtain the concentration of HCl 0.1 N. In the experiments we perform titration
with 0.1 M NaOH, solution of HCl + indicator PP before has clear color to be pink after titrated
with NaOH solution.

4. Making titration curve

1) NaOH-HCl
In this experiment, the volume of NaOH were put into a buret until the volume was on a
scale of zero, a solution of HCl 10 mL to be put into erlenmeyer and drops 3 phenolphthalein
indicator last drops of NaOH solution of burette little by little until the color changed to pink. For
a strong acid – strong base, the theoritical end point occurs at pH = 7 . But our results do not
correspond with the theory, as should the addition of NaOH does not have exactly 1 mL. When
nearing the point of the addition of NaOH equivalent should be adjusted so that the result does not
exceed the equivalent point. In addition, the experiments we did only 12 times should be done 15
times
2) NaOH- CH3COOH
A strong base and weak acid titration, the equivalence point falls in >7. In this experiment,
the volume of NaOH were put into a buret until the volume was on a scale of zero, a solution of
CH3COOH 10 mL to be put into erlenmeyer and drops 3 phenolphthalein indicator last drops of
NaOH solution of burette little by little until the color changed to pink. The theoritical end point
occurs at pH = 8,74 accordance with the caalculation above. But our practice pH results do not
correspond with the theory that show 8, this is due as should the addition of NaOH does not have
exactly 1 mL. When nearing the point of the addition of NaOH equivalent should be adjusted so
that the result does not exceed the equivalent point. In addition, the experiments we did only 12
times should be done 15 times.

H. Conclusion
1. The experiment produce oxalic acid 0,2 N as primary standard solution.
2. The experiment produce NaOH 0,1 N as secondary standard solution. It’s determined by
titration using oxalic acid solution as the primary standard solution.
3. The experiment produce HCl 0,1 N solution. It’s determined by titration using NaOH solution
as the secondary standard solution.
4. Equivalent point is the point where the acid concentration equal to the concentration of base
(completely reacted) or the point where the amount of base added is equal to the amount of
acid neutralized with a color change indicator. For the titration HCl-NaOH the theoritical end
point occurs at pH = 7. While the titration NaOH- CH3COOH the theoritical end point occurs
at pH = 8,74 and for the practice result is 8. This is due as should the addition of NaOH does
not have exactly 1 mL. When nearing the point of the addition of NaOH equivalent should be
 adjusted so that the result does not exceed the equivalent point. In addition, the experiments
we did only 12 times should be done 15 times.

I. References
Anon, Basics of Titration.
Chang, R., CHEMISTRY.
Lower, S.K., Acid-base Equilibria and Calculations. , pp.1–48.
R, A., C hapter 5. , pp.159–205.

J. Appendiks
1) Problems
a. Determine the molarity of Oxalc acid as primary standard solution
 Mass of oxalic acid = 1.2610 gram
 Volume of solution = 100 mL
𝑚 1000
M oxalic acid = 𝑀𝑟 x 𝑉

1,2610 1000
= 126,070 x 10
= 0,1 M
b. Determine molarity NaOH solution
 Volume of Oxalic acid = 10 mL
 Volume of NaOH (1) = 19,6 mL
 Volume of NaOH (2) = 19,6 mL
 Average volume of NaOH = 19,6 mL
(COONa)2 + 2H2O  2NaOH + (COOH)2
(N.V) oxalic acid = (N.V)NaOH
0,2 . 10 = N . 19,6
2
NNaOH = 19,6

= 0,1 N
𝑀
M NaOH = 𝑎
0,1
= 1
= 0,1 M
c. Determine molarity HCl solution
 Volume of HCl = 10 mL
 Volume of NaOH (1) = 9 mL
 Volume of NaOH (2) = 8,9 mL
 Volume of average NaOH = 8,95 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

VHCl . NHCl = VNaOH . NNaOH

10 . NHCl = 8,95 . 0,1 . 1
0,895
NHCl = 10
NHCl = 0,0895
NHCl = 0,01 N
 𝑀
M HCl = 𝑎
0,01
=
1
= 0,01 M
d. Based on the data d above, draw a titration curve on graph paper by plotting pH and volume
of NaOH added
12

10

8
pH

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 3. Titraion 0,1 M HCl by 0,1 NaOH

12

10

8
pH

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 4. Titration 0,1 M CH3COOH by 0,1 M NaOH

e. Determine the pH of the mixture in the equivalent point by (i) theoretical, (ii) the titration
curve
1) NaOH-HCl
Molarity of HCl = 0,1 M
Volume of HCl = 10 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
 Eqiuivalence point at pH = 7 (theoritical)
 12

10

pH 6

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 5. Titraion 0,1 M HCl by 0,1 NaOH

2) NaOH-CH3COOH
Molarity of CH3COOH = 0,1 M
Volume of CH3COOH = 10 mL
Molarity of NaOH = 0,1 M
Ka CH3COOH = 1,8 . 10-5

VCH3COOH . NCH3COOH = VNaOH . NNaOH

10 . 0,1 . 1 = VNaOH . 1 . 0,1
VNaOH = 10 mL

n NaOH = (M .V) NaOH

= 0,1 . 10
= 1 mmole

n CH3COOH = (M .V)CH3COOH
= 0,1 . 10
= 1 mmole

NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH (aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m 1 mmole 1 mmole - -
r 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole
s 0 0 1 mmole 1 mmole

𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]

10−14
= √1,8 .10−5 [0,1]

= 5,5 . 10-6
 pOH = - log [OH-]  pH = 14 – pOH
= - log 5,5 . 10-6 = 14 – 5,26
= 6 – log 5,5 = 8,74 (theoritical)
= 5,26

12

10

8
pH

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 6. Titration 0,1 M CH3COOH by 0,1 M NaOH

6+10
 Eqiuivalence point at pH = = 8 (practice)
2
f. From the titration curve of acetic acid-NaOH, determine Ka of acetic acid

NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH (aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m 1 mmole 1 mmole - -
r 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole
s 0 0 1 mmole 1 mmole

pH =8
pOH = 6
[OH-] = 10-6

𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]

10−14
10-6 =√ [0,1]
𝐾𝑎
−14
= 10
10-12 [0,1]
𝐾𝑎
Ka = 10-3
g. What is the approximate pH of the mixture of CH3COOH-NaOH in the equivalent point
12

10

8
pH
6

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M

curve 7. Titration 0,1 M CH3COOH by 0,1 M NaOH

6+10
 Eqiuivalence point at pH = = 8 (practice)
2
h. What is the pH of the equivalence mixture of CH3COOH-NaOH if Ka CH3COOH
= 1,8 . 10−5
NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH (aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m 1 mmole 1 mmole - -
r 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole
s 0 0 1 mmole 1 mmole

𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]

10−14
= √1,8 .10−5 [0,1]

= 5,5 . 10-6

pOH = - log [OH-]

= - log 5,5 . 10-6
= 6 – log 5,5
= 5,26
 pH = 14 – pOH
= 14 – 5,26
= 8,74 (theoritical)
 2. Documentation
a. Preparation of primary standard solution of H2C2O4(COOH)2.2H2O

picture 1. Weigh accurately 1.2610 g.oxalic acid crystal

picture 3. until reaching mark

picture 2. distilled waer in a 100 mL volumetric flask

b. Determine the concentration of NaOH

picture 4. 0,1 M NaOH solutin

 picture 7. the color changes from the colorless to pink

picture 5. Add 3 drops of indicator PP to oxalic acid

standard solution

picture 6. Drop down NaOH solution in the buret,

shake at the same times

c. Determination of the concentration of HCl using secondary standard solution

picture 8. 0,1 M HCl solution

picture 10. Drop down NaOH solution in the buret,

picture 9. Add 3 drops of indicator PP at HCl solution

picture 11. the color changes from the colorless to pink

d. Making titration curve

picture 12. HCl solution

picture 13. CH3COOH solution

picture 16. CH3COOH pH curve

picture 14. Add 1 mL NaOH dropwise

picture 17. HCl pH curve

picture 15. shake at the same times