HAZARDS AND RISK IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EIM STUDENTS

A Quantitative Research Submitted to the Faculty of

Kidapawan City National High School
Senior High School Department
Kidapawan City

In Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Inquiry, Investigation & Immersion
And Practical Research 2

Submitted to:
Jade Jireh Delight P. Panolino
Cathy O. Laraño

Researchers:
Demetrio S. Panerio Jr.
Michael Melendrez
Junar John Silverio
Felix Alagaban Jr.
Richard Lutang
Ternette Royze Paraon
Poly Mondano
John Marco Piamonte
Brian Aries Subillaga

March 2018
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Electricity is used in many ways such as lighting, cooling, heating and it is

use to power or drive electrical equipment and machines. Electricity helps to

facilitate economic development and it is a well-known fact that electricity is

essential to everyday life, without it life will be boring both at home and at the

work place. Electricity passes more easily through some materials than others.

Some substances such as metals generally offer very low resistance to the flow

of electric current and such materials are called “conductors.” Another conductor

which is usually overlooked is the surface or subsurface of the earth. While

insulator materials offer high resistance to the flow of electric current among the

examples are rubber, dry wood, plastic and clothing (Bakshi, and Bakshi, 2009).

Electricity normally travels in closed circuits, through a conductor, but

sometimes a person’s body which is an efficient conductor of electricity

mistakenly becomes part of the electric circuit. This can lead to an electrical

shock. Electric shocks occur when a person’s body completes the current path

having both wires of an electric circuit, one wire of an energized circuit, the

ground and a metal part that accidentally becomes energized due to a break in

its insulation or another “conductor” that is carrying a current (Floyd, Rogers, and

Uzoka, 2008). Circuit protection is very important in any electrical installation as it

prevent fire hazards. Circuit protection limit or stop the passage of current

automatically in the event of an overload, ground fault, or short circuit in the

wiring system. Grounding in an electrical system means intentionally providing a

low-resistance path that connects to the earth. This prevents the accumulation of

voltages that could cause an electrical accident in an installation. Grounding is

normally a secondary protective measure to protect against electric shock and it

does not completely guarantee the person from a shock or be injured or killed by

an electrical current (Seip, 2000).

Despite the important of electricity in day to day life, Electricity is often

referred to as a “silent killer” because it cannot be tasted, seen, heard, or

smelled. It is essentially invisible. It is a destroyer of properties if not handle with

respect. Electricity is invisible in nature and it is long recognized as a serious

hazard at residential, commercial areas, institutions of learning and other places.

Cadick, Capelli-Schellpferffer and Neitzel (2006) said that in the late 1800s,

hotels had to place signs assuring their guests that electricity is harmless, but by

late 1900s, signs had to be hung to remind people that electricity is a hazard.

MacKinnon, (2010) said that the presence of electricity is increasing in modern

live and we ought to know that more electricity usage means more potential

electrical hazards.

Thus, the researchers are motivated to study the effect of hazards and

risks in EIM students’ performance in Kidapawan City National High School.

Statement of the Problem

The goal of this study is to determine the effects of hazards and risks in

electrical installation and maintenance in the performance of EIM students in

Kidapawan City National High School.

Specifically it strives to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students when analyzed by:

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Age; and

1.3 Section?

2. What are the effect of the hazards and risks in students’ performance

when analyzed by:

2.1 Confidence;

2.2 Academic?

3. Is there a significant difference between the effects of hazards and risks in

students’ performance?

Hypothesis of the Study

There is no significant difference between the effects of hazards

and risks in students’ performance.

Conceptual Framework

Students Performance
Hazards and Risks in EIM  Confidence
 Academic

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile
 Gender
 Age
 And Section

Mediated Variable

Figure 1 showing the interplay between Dependent Variable and Independent

Variable.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the hazards

and risks in the students’ performance. The study considers the students

personal information such as their name, gender, and age.

The researcher limits the study to 50 EIM students only here in Kidapawan

City National High School of school year 2017-2018. Each of the students is

given a questionnaire to answer. The respondents are selected from students in

EIM to prevent bias and get objective perception.

Significance of the Study

The study is to expect to be beneficial of the following:

Students- the result of this study will be a great help to the students for them to

know the hazards and risks to improve their skills.

Teacher- the result of this study will be a great advantage to the teachers, it

enable them to help the students determine hazards and risks in doing their

performances.

Research- the result of the study will be a great opportunity to the researchers

for them to be knowledgeable enough about hazards and risks.

Thus, this is considered that this study would contribute useful information

to mitigate the problem of students in performing installation.

Definition of Terms

Academic- is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved

their short or long-term educational goals.

Confidence- as a state of being certain either that a hypothesis or prediction is

correct or that a chosen course of action is the best or most effective.

Electrical- operated by electricity and providing electricity

Electrician- is a tradesperson specializing in electrical wiring of building,

stationary machines, and related equipment

Hazards- are an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable

target

Installation- a ceremony in which someone is put in an official or important job

and something that’s is put together and made ready for use

Maintenance- maintaining a electrical tools

Performance- in terms of student achievement using a variety of measure, both

status and growth related

Risk- is a risk to a person of death, shock or. Other injury caused directly or

indirectly by electricity
 Chapter II

Review Related Literature

Safety in any operation works best if the person or people in charge take a

leading role in managing safety and health. Many business enterprises have

proven that good safety management leads to increased productivity, and the

same works for farms. By having a good safety management program, you can

avoid not only farm injuries, but also other incidents that are costly, time

consuming, stressful and inconvenient. This makes good economic sense. In the

performance of the EIM students’ they’ve learn a lot about the electrical safety in

workplace.

Training, with regard to the proper interaction and for foreseeable

inappropriate interaction with the electrical system, must be completed. The

intent of the training is to ensure that all affected personnel are able to

understand when and how hazardous situations can arise and how to best

reduce the risk associated with those situations. Typically, training for individuals

interacting with electrical systems will include technical information regarding

hazards, hazardous situations, or both as well as information related to potential

failure modes that could affect risk. This type of training generally will be provided

by a trainer who has an in-depth understanding of electrical system design, as

well as experience in the field of adult education. Less technical training content

could be appropriate in situations in which only awareness of electrical hazards is

needed to ensure that unqualified personnel do not interact with the electrical
system. The electrical system must be analyzed in order to determine the

appropriate PPE. Once the appropriate PPE has been determined, personnel

must maintain and use it as required in order to ensure that residual risk remains

at the desired level. PPE is the last line of defense.

(https://www.lanl.gov/safety/electrical/docs/arc_flash_safety.pdf)

In 2003, ConocoPhillips Marine conducted a study demonstrating a large

difference in the ratio of serious accidents and near misses. This study was built

on the original work of H.W. Heinrich back in 1931. The Conoco study found that

for every single fatality there are at least 300,000 at-risk behaviors, defined as

activities that are not consistent with safety programs, training and components

on machinery. These behaviors may include bypassing safety components on

machinery or eliminating a safety step in the production process that slows down

the operator. With effective machine safeguarding and training, at-risk behaviors

and near misses can be diminished. This also reduces the chance of the fatality

occurring, since there is a lower frequency of at-risk behaviors.

Electricity flows more easily through some materials than others. Some

substances such as metals generally offer very little resistance to the flow of

electric current and are called “conductors.” A common but perhaps overlooked

conductor is the surface or subsurface of the earth. Glass, plastic, porcelain,

clay, pottery, dry wood, and similar substances generally slow or stop the flow of

electricity. They are called “insulators.” Even air, normally an insulator, can

become a conductor, as occurs during an arc or lightning stroke.

 Pure water is a poor conductor. But small amounts of impurities in water

like salt, acid, solvents, or other materials can turn water itself and substances

that generally act as insulators into conductors or better conductors? Dry wood,

for example, generally slows or stops the flow of electricity. But when saturated

with water, wood turns into a conductor. The same is true of human skin. Dry

skin has a fairly high resistance to electric current. But when skin is moist or wet,

it acts as a conductor. This means that anyone working with electricity in a damp

or wet environment needs to exercise extra caution to prevent electrical hazards.

Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor. But

sometimes a person’s body an efficient conductor of electricity mistakenly

becomes part of the 6 electric circuit. This can cause an electrical shock. Shocks

occur when a person’s body completes the current path with: • both wires of an

electric circuit; • one wire of an energized circuit and the ground; • a metal part

that accidentally becomes energized due, for example, to a break in its

insulation; or • another “conductor” that is carrying a current. When a person

receives a shock, electricity flows between parts of the body or through the body

to a ground or the earth.

An electric shock can result in anything from a slight tingling sensation to

immediate cardiac arrest. The severity depends on the following: • the amount of

current flowing through the body, the current’s path through the body, the length

of time the body remains in the circuit, and the current’s frequency. (W.B.
Kouwenhoven, “Human Safety and Electric Shock,” Electrical Safety Practices,

Monograph, 112, Instrument Society of America, p. 93. November 1968).

Burns are the most common shock-related injury. An electrical accident

can result in an electrical burn, arc burn, thermal contact burn, or a combination

of burns. Electrical burns are among the most serious burns and require

immediate medical attention. They occur when electric current flows through

tissues or bone, generating heat that causes tissue damage. Arc or flash burns

result from high temperatures caused by an electric arc or explosion near the

body. These burns should be treated promptly. Thermal contact burns are

caused when the skin touches hot surfaces of overheated electric conductors,

conduits, or other energized equipment. Thermal burns also can be caused when

clothing catches on fire, as may occur when an electric arc is produced. In

addition to shock and burn hazards, electricity poses other dangers. For

example, arcs that result from short circuits can cause injury or start a fire.

Extremely high-energy arcs can damage equipment, causing fragmented metal

to fly in all directions. Even low-energy arcs can cause violent explosions in

atmospheres that contain flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dusts.

When a person receives an electrical shock, sometimes the electrical

stimulation causes the muscles to contract. This “freezing” effect makes the

person unable to pull free of the circuit. It is extremely dangerous because it

increases the length of exposure to electricity and because the current causes

blisters, which reduce the body’s resistance and increases the current. 9 The
longer the exposure, the greater the risk of serious injury. Longer exposures at

even relatively low voltages can be just as dangerous as short exposures at

higher voltages. Low voltage does not imply low hazard. In addition to muscle

contractions that cause “freezing,” electrical shocks also can cause involuntary

muscle reactions. These reactions can result in a wide range of other injuries

from collisions or falls, including bruises, bone fractures, and even death.

If a person is “frozen” to a live electrical contact, shut off the current

immediately. If this is not possible, use boards, poles, or sticks made of wood or

any other no conducting materials and safely push or pull the person away from

the contact. It’s important to act quickly, but remember to protect yourself as well

from electrocution or shock.

A severe shock can cause considerably more damage than meets the

eye. A victim may suffer internal hemorrhages and destruction of tissues, nerves,

and muscles that aren’t readily visible. Renal damage also can occur. If you or a

coworker receives a shock, seek emergency medical help immediately.

(Occupational Safety and Health Administration John L. Henshaw, Assistant

Secretary, 2002).

Electricity is widely recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing

employees to electric shock, burns, fires, and explosions. According to the

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 250 employees were killed by contact with electric

current in 2006. Other employees have been killed or injured in fires and

explosions caused by electricity. It is well known that the human body will
conduct electricity. If direct body contact is made with an electrically energized

part while a similar contact is made simultaneously with another conductive

surface that is maintained at a different electrical potential, a current will flow,

entering the body at one contact point, traversing the body, and then exiting at

the other contact point, usually the ground. Each year many employees suffer

pain, injuries, and death from such electric shocks. Current through the body,

even at levels as low as 3 mill amperes, can also cause injuries of an indirect or

secondary injuries in which involuntary muscular reaction from the electric shock

can cause bruises, bone fractures and even death resulting from collisions or

falls.

Burns suffered in electrical accidents can be very serious. These burns

may be of three basic types: electrical burns, arc burns, and thermal contact

burns. Electrical burns are the result of the electric current flowing in the tissues,

and may be either skin deep or may affect deeper layers (such as muscles and

bones) or both. Tissue damage is caused by the heat generated from the current

flow; if the energy delivered by the electric shock is high, the body cannot

dissipate the heat, and the tissue is burned. Typically, such electrical burns are

slow to heal. Arc burns are the result of high temperatures produced by electric

arcs or by explosions close to the body. Finally, thermal contact burns are those

normally experienced from the skin contacting hot surfaces of overheated electric

conductors, conduits, or other energized equipment. In some circumstances, all

three types of burns may be produced simultaneously. If the current involved is

great enough, electric arcs can start a fire. Fires can also be created by
overheating equipment or by conductors carrying too much current. Extremely

high energy arcs can damage equipment, causing fragmented metal to fly in all

directions. In atmospheres that contain explosive gases or vapors or combustible

dusts, even low-energy arcs can cause violent explosions.

(https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy09/sh-18794-

09/electrical_safety_manual.pdf)

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, between 1992 and 2006,

an average of 283 employees died per year from contact with electric current.

This downward trend (See page 18) is due, in major part, to 30 years of highly

protective OSHA regulation in the area of electrical installation, based on the

NEC and NFPA 70E standards. The final standard carries forward most of the

existing requirements for electrical installations, with the new and revised

requirements intended as fine tuning, introducing new technology along with

other improvements in safety. By complying with the final standard, employers

will prevent unsafe electrical conditions from occurring. While the number of

deaths and injuries associated with electrical hazards has declined, contact with

electric current still poses a significant risk to employees in the workplace, as

evidenced by the numbers of deaths and serious injuries still occurring due to

contact with electric current. This final rule will help further reduce the number of

deaths and injuries associated with electrical hazards by providing additional

requirements for installation safety and by recognizing alternative means of

compliance.
 Each year many employees suffer electric shocks while using portable

electric tools and equipment. The nature of the injuries ranges from minor burns

to electrocution. Electric shocks produced by alternating currents (ac) at power

line frequency passing through the body of an average adult from hand to foot for

1 second can cause various effects, starting from a condition of being barely

perceptible at 1 mill ampere to loss of voluntary muscular control for currents

from 9 to 25 mill amperes. The passage of still higher currents, from 75 mill

amperes to 4 amperes, can produce ventricular fibrillation of the heart; and,

finally, immediate cardiac arrest at over 4 amperes. These injuries occur when

employees contact electrically energized parts. Typically, the frame of a tool

becomes accidentally energized because of an electrical fault (known as a

ground fault) that provides a conductive path to the tool casing. For instance, with

a grounded electric supply system, when the employee contacts the tool casing,

the fault current takes a path through the employee to an electrically grounded

object. The amount of current that flows through an employee depends, primarily,

upon the resistance of the fault path within the tool, the resistance of the path

through the employee's body, and the resistance of the paths, both line side and

ground side, from the employee back to the electric power supply. Moisture in the

atmosphere can contribute to the electrical fault by enhancing both the

conductive path within the tool and the external ground path back to the electric

power supply. Dry skin can have a resistance range of anywhere from about 500

to 500,000 ohms and wet skin can have a resistance range of about 200 to

20,000, depending on several factors, such as the physical characteristics and

mass of the employee. More current will flow if the employee is perspiring or

becomes wet because of environmental conditions. If the current is high enough,

the employee will suffer a ground-fault electrocution. (Sunderland Place, NW

Washington, November 14, 2006).

People can never be too young to start learning to use electricity safely.

He makes an estimation that 53,000 electrical fires occur in homes each year.

Most of these can be avoided by taking simple safety precautions. Electricity is a

powerful and versatile energy but can be dangerous if it is not used properly.

Most of the accidents that occur are due either to carelessness or to a lack of

awareness of some basic rules that should be observed when using electricity

(Networks, n.d). The use of electricity is something taken for granted, but using it

safely is very important. By understanding how electricity works and where it is

found, we can each do our part in preventing electrical dangers no matter where

we are (MacKinnon, 2010). Hazard can be defined as any potential or actual

threat to the wellbeing of people, equipment, machinery or environment. Hazard

can also be seen as something that can be identified as measured of potential

source of danger such as naked electricity wires, electricity gadgets which are

not switched off, unsafe acts, unprotected installation, over load socket outlet and

many others (Cadick, Capelli-Schellpferffer and Neitzel 2006). The electric shock

may likely occur when the body becomes part of an electric circuit and there are

three ways or path that may lead to electric shocks such as: A person may have

contact with both conductors in a circuit; A person may provide a way between

an ungrounded conductor and the ground.; A person may provide a way between
the ground and a conducting material that is in contact with an ungrounded

conductor. Taylor, Easter and Hegney (2004) observed that, the degree of shock

an individual may receive is dependent on several factors, including skin

resistance. Skin resistance is greatly reduced when the skin is wet or moist, and

so the degree of shock will be greater. Other factors include the: The amount of

current that is conducted through the body; the path of the current through the

body; the duration of time a person is subjected to the current and status of the

individual. The effect of electric shocks ranges from stop of the heart or the

breathing muscles, or both, burns, bleeding, neurological damage and ventricular

fibrillation. Electricity always follows the shortest circuit path of least resistance. If

a human body creates a path to follow, electricity will flow to the ground or

complete a circuit through the body.

Electricity plays important role to mankind and national development, it is

usually referred to as bad master when used wrongly. Electricity is no respecter

of persons; it will injure or kill a custodian, manager, rich, poor, president, or

office worker just as fast as it will injure or kill an electrician. The is no record of

electric hazards causality by gender that is to say if male do become victim of

electrical hazards such shock, electrocution and other hazards than there female

counterpart in their household? It is also not certain who among the male and

female are more educated on electrical hazards and safety but observations

shows many female do not want to touch electrical equipment and appliances.

Although electrical accident has been causing serious looses such as economic

and social, for instance injuries, losses of lives and valuable properties among
electrical energy users. It is quite unfortunate that this electricity which is

essential to lives constitute a major hazard to man and property. Whenever you

work with power tools or on electrical circuits there is a risk, especially electric

shock. Anyone can be exposed to these hazards at home or at work. Electricity

can be dangerous and should be approached with caution; any forms of energy,

when not properly controlled or harnessed can result in serious danger to those

who use it (Kolak, 2007). In view of the relevance of electricity to man, effort

should be made to educate everyone on the use of electricity to meet human

needs because electrical hazard pose a significant risk of death and injuries to

individuals. Therefore, attention to safety is the necessary first step in any

environmental set up. More than onethird of electrical fatalities, death and

injuries, losses of valuable properties are due to electricity (OSHA, 2009).

According to Jarnick (2008) fires that occur in the home, market, offices and

other places as a result of electricity are initiated as a result of improper and

careless use of electrical equipment and improper protection of installation. Due

to the danger electricity poses to the existence of biological lives, efforts are

made to assess the level of electrical hazards and safety measures awareness

among electricity users.

 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the research methodology of the study. This will

describe the subject of the study, specifically, the research locale, research

design, respondent of the study (that includes the sample and sampling

procedure) research instruments, general procedure (research procedure and

data collection procedure) and the descriptive of how the data will be analyzed.

Research Design

As it has been indicated earlier, the main purpose of this research is to

know the main purpose of this research is to know the hazards and risks in (EIM)

Electrical Installation and Maintenance students in Kidapawan City National High

School. So, to attain the intended objectives, descriptive design is chosen as the

research questions contain quantitative nature.

On top of this, it is believed that mixed methods provide better information

to understand a particular phenomenon under investigation than a single method,

as the failure of one method could be compensated by the other.

Since the present study is intendent to respond to research questions of

quantitative and qualitative research, data collection and analysis techniques

from both methodologies will be implemented. Hence, descriptive research

design is chosen as it enables the researcher to describe the current situation of

the study area.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Kidapawan City National High School

located at Roxas St. Poblacion, Kidapawan City. The school offers secondary

education, junior and senior high. The study focuses on the senior high school

Grade 11-12 students under TVL tracks specially the EIM students.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the selected 50 grade 11-12 in TVL-EIM

from simple random sampling. Students evaluators are informed through a letter

their rights to confidentiality and anonymity. Their written consent is also

facilitated and acknowledges, indicating their willingness to take part of the study.

General Procedure

The procedure in the gathering of the data pertinent to this study includes

the following:

1. Permission to conduct the study. The permission to conduct the study will

be sought form then adviser and subject teacher of the respondents. An initial

communication was sent to explain the research and aim of the study.

2. Identifying the Respondents. The respondents of the study are the selected

fifty (50) grade 11-12 EIM Students who know the hazards and risk in the

students’ performance.
3. Evaluating the Questionnaires. The answered questionnaires will be

checked by the inquiry investigation and immersion and practical research II

teachers.

4. Distribution of Questionnaires. Self-base assessment questionnaires are

given to the selected 50 grade 11-12 EIM students who know the hazards and

risks in the students’ performance.

5. Receiving Questionnaires. The answered questionnaires will be collected

and checked whether the respondents have misunderstood the questions.

6. Gathering of Data. The information will be arranged in major and minor

categories, such thoughts were labeled, identified, recognized numerically and

thematically with respect to the original respondents. This will be tailed based on

the data provided by the respondents and analyzed basis of the result of the

study.

7. Interpretation of Questionnaires. With the students who are present during

the interpretation of questionnaires in this manner. The respondents are informed

whether the researcher have misinterpreted the details.

Research Instruments

Modified survey questionnaires will be used in conducting the research

study. The questionnaires composed of 10 items which the respondents will

identify the frequency of the use of Facebook through the scale of 1 as strongly

disagree and 5 as strongly agree.

Data Analysis

According to Moore and McCabe (2005) this is the type of research

whereby data gathered is categorized in themes, so as to be able to be

comparable. A main advantage of content analysis is that it helps in data

collected being reduced and simplified while at the same time producing results

that may measure using quantitative techniques.

 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with presentation, analysis and interpretation of data on

the hazards and risks in electrical installation and maintenance.

Table 1.1 Age Distribution of Respondents

Age Range Frequency Percentage

16 2 4

17 19 38

18 22 44

19 1 2

20 4 8

21 1 2

22 1 2

Total 50 100

Table 1.1 presents the age distribution of the respondents. It shows that

out of 50 respondents, 22 or 44% are 18 years old, 19 or 38% are 17 years old, 4

or 8% are 20 years old, 2 or 4% are 16 years old, 1 or 2% are 19, 21, 22 years

old.

Also; it shows that the majority of the respondents are 18 years old.
Table 1.2 Gender Distribution of Respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 50 100

Total 50 100

Table 1.2 presents gender of respondents. It shows that all of the

respondents are male.

Table 2. Hazards and Risk in Electrical Installation and Maintenance on the

Performance of EIM students.
Statement Weight Mean Descriptive
Equivalent
1. It is important to know the hazards 5.00 Strongly Agree
and risks in electrical installation
2. Hazardous materials can cause 4.55 Strongly Agree
major injury
3. Hazardous materials must be 4.48 Strongly Agree
handled carefully
4. Wear proper attire when doing 4.50 Strongly Agree
electrical installation
5. Study how to install in safe way 4.58 Strongly Agree

6. There should be a caution in working 4.58 Strongly Agree

place
7. It is important to have caution or 4.00 Agree
warning signs to avoid hazardous and
risky thing
8. Use the right tools and equipment in 4.1 Strongly Agree
a right job
9. Falling debris is a hazardous thing 4.7 Strongly Agree

10. Wiring plan before doing wiring 4.5 Strongly Agree

installation
Over-all mean 4.50 Strongly Agree
Legend Weighted Mean Descriptive Equivalen

`
1-2 Strongly Disagree
2.1 – 3.00 Disagree
3.1 – 4.00 Agree
4.1 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 2.1 presents the details in hazards and risks in electrical installation

and maintenance. It shows that the highest mean is on statement 1, “it is

important to know the hazard and risk in electrical installation”, which describes

as strongly agree; statement 2, “cause of injury if you are a victim in hazardous

and risky thing”; statement 3, “how to present this hazardous and risky thing”;

statement 4, “proper attire when doing electrical installation”; statement 5, “how

to install in safe way”; statement 6, “there should be a caution in working place”;

statement 8, “use the right tools and equipment in a right job”; statement 9,

“falling debris is a hazardous thing”; statement 10, “wiring plan before doing

wiring installation also describes as strongly agree and statement 7, “it Is

important to have caution or warning signs to avoid hazardous and risky thing”

which describes as agree.

The overall mean is 4.50 which have a descriptive equivalent of strongly

agree. The means that they agree with the importance of knowing the hazards

and risks in electrical installation and maintenance. “Electricity is widely

recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electric

shock, burns, fire and explosion. Other employees have been killed or injured in

fires and explosions cause by electricity. It is well known that the human body will

conduct electricity.
 Table 3. Correlation Analysis between Demographic Profile and Hazards

and Risks in Electrical Installation and Maintenance

Variables r- Value Description Decision Interpretation

Age vs. 0.7891213154 Strong Reject Ho Significant

Hazards and positive
Risks on EIM correlation
Gender vs. 1 Perfect Reject Ho Significant
Hazards and correlation
Risks

Table 3 presents on finding out the significant relationship on the impact of

hazards and risks on Electrical Installation and Maintenance and their

demographic profile. Utilizing the Pearson R correlation, table 3 shows that r-

Value between age and hazards and risks is 0.7891213154 which has strong

positive correlation. Rejecting the claim of the hypothesis implies that there is

significant relationship age and hazards and risks on Electrical Installation and

Maintenance.

The R- Value between gender and hazards and risks is 1 which has

perfect correlation rejecting the claim of the hypothesis implies that there is a

significant relationship between gender and hazard and risks on Electrical

Installation and Maintenance.

 Chapter V

Summary of Finding, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings conclusion and

recommendations drawn from the results of the study.

Summary of findings

The study revealed that on age distribution the highest percentage is on

the age of 17-18 years old. Moreover, all of the EIM students are male. While in

Table 2.1 the highest number of yes that’s it is important to know the hazards

and risks in electrical installation

The overall mean rating is 4.50 which describes as strongly agree.

Conclusion

The following conclusions were defined from the significant findings:

1. Age, gender and section distributions are all male and the majority of the

respondent are 18 years old also all of the respondent are all EIM

students.

2. It the confidence it can lack the students confidence while installing

electrical installation and the academic it bothered the academic

performance of the students by doing it and practiced or analyzing the

hazards and risks and also if they are a victim on it. It can affect the

performance of the students if they can’t concentrate on class activity.

 3. There is no significance difference between the effect of hazards and risks

in student’ performance.

Recommendations

The following are the recommendations based on the findings of the

study:

1. Researchers recommend that all of EIM students must study the hazard

and risks in Electrical Installation and Maintenance because it a necessity

in their field.

2. The researchers recommend that all of EIM students must wear proper

protective equipment during installation.

3. The researchers recommend the future researchers to further study the

important details about hazard and risk for the incoming EIM students.
 REFERENCES

Western Sydney University (2015). Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and

Control Procedure.

W.B. Kouwenhoven (1968). “Human Safety and Electric Shock” Electrical Safety

practices, Monograph 112, Instrument Society of America.

John L. Henshaw (2002). Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Ms. Joanne B. Linlard (2006).OSHA requirements for warning signs and

protection form electric hazards, ORC Worldwide 1910 Sunderland Place, NW

Washington, DC 20036

Elaine Fraser (2007). Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29 CFR

Part 1910; Electrical Standard; Final Rule

Ralph H. Lee (1971). “The Other Hazard Electric Arc Blast Burns" Lee Electrical

Engineering

Cadick, Capelli-Schellpferffer and Neitzel (2006) the effects of electric shocks are

severe the amount of current and its effect on human body

Floyd, L., Rogers, M., and UzoKa, U (2008). Home electricity safety retrieved on

July, 15 2013 from http:/www.safeelectricity.org/new/news.room

Kolak, J. (2007). Electrical Safety: Elements of an effective program.

Professional Safety. 52(2):18-24.

Taylor G., Easter, K., and Hegney, R. (2004). Enhancing occupational safety and

health. London, Elservier Butterworth Henemann Ltd