xc

g Proj: Admin
Ref :
Tel:d Date: 14/08/17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pad base bearing and stability subject to axial loading (EN1997-1:2004 and EN1992-1-1:2004)

Pad Foundation properties:

Foundation length l = 4m
Foundation width b = 3m
Depth of foundation h = 2m
1
Depth of soil over foundation h = 1m
2
Level of water (above base) h = 0m
Density of concrete  = 25 kN/m3
conc
Density of water  = 9.8 kN/m3
water

Column properties:
Length of column Cl = 1.5 m
Width of column Cb = 1.5 m
Eccentricity in x-axis = 0m
Eccentricity in y-axis = 0m
Position in x-axis (relative to foundation edge) x = 2m
pos
Position in y-axis (relative to foundation edge) y = 1.5 m
pos

Soil properties:
Density of soil  = 18 kN/m3
soil
Angle of friction  = 25 Degrees
k
Effective Cohesion c' = 0 kN/m2
k
Angle of shear resistance ' = 35 Degrees
k

Loads:
Permanent load in z V = 100 kN
Gz

Note: load and moment variables are denoted by a label in the format X , where;
Yz
X - Represents load direction or moment. 'H', 'V' and 'M' represent Horizontal, Vertical and Moment respectively
Y - Represents load or moment type. 'G' and 'Q' represent Permanent and Variable respectively
z - Represents the axis
Moments:
No Moments added

Partial Factors (EC7-1 Annex A)

(1) Partial Factors on Actions ( ) or the Effects of Actions ( ), based on Table A-3 of EC7-1 Annex A
F E
Action Set
Duration Condition Symbol A1 A2

Permanent Unfavourable  1.35 1.0

G
Favourable  1.0 1.0
Gf
Variable Unfavourable  1.5 1.3
Q
Favourable  0 0
Qf

(2) Partial Factors on Soil Parameters ( ), based on Table A-4 of EC7-1 Annex A
M
Material Property Symbol Set
M1 M2
Angle of Shearing Resistance (tan')  1.0 1.25
'
Effective Cohesion  1.0 1.25
c'
Undrained shear strength  1.0 1.4
cu
Weight Density  1.0 1.0


(3) Partial ResistanceFactors ( ) for shallow foundations, based on Table A-5 of EC7-1 Annex A
R
Resistance Symbol Set
R1 R2 R3
Bearing Capacity  1.0 1.4 1.0
R:v
Sliding Resistance  1.0 1.1 1.0
R:h

Note - Calculating design actions

1.Horizontal action

Design horizontal action is calculated as the maximum action from applying all 4 combinations of favourable and unfavourable
PSF on permanent and variable horizontal actions.

2.Axial action and moments on foundation

a) If both the actions (permanent and variable) are negative value, then favourable PSF is considered.
b) If both the actions (permanent and variable) are positive value, then unfavourable PSF is considered.
c) If the (permanent action is positive and variable action is negative) or (vice versa), then favourable PSF is considered for
negative value and unfavourable PSF is considered for positive value.

3.Sliding resistance

Axial action is considered in calculating the resistance for sliding of foundation. We consider unfavourable PSF for negative
and favourable PSF for positive axial action.

For Design approach 2:

Use A1 + M1 + R2 (Action and Resistance Factor approach)

Bearing resistance
Clause 6.3.2

Area of foundation
A = l*b
= 4*3
= 12 m2

Self weight per m2 of foundation and soil at the underside of base

Weight of foundation per metre squared
W = (h * )
found 1 conc
= (2*25)
= 50 kN/m2

Weight of soil per metre squared

W = (h * )
soil 2 soil
= (1*18)
= 18 kN/m2

Design actions (forces) on foundation:

Action in x-axis
H = 0
x

Action in y-axis
H = 0
y

in Z-axis
V =  *(A*(W +W )+V )+ *V
z G found soil Gz Qf Qz
= 1.35*(12*(50+18)+100)+0*0
= 1236.6 kN

Moments on foundation:
Moment in x-dir (about y-axis)
M =  *(A*(W +W )*(l)/2+V *(x ))+ *M + *V *(x )+ *M +( *H + *H )*(h )
x G found soil Gz pos G Gx Q Qz pos Q Qx G Gx Q Qx 1
= 1.35*(12*(50+18)*(4)/2+100*(2))+1.35*0+1.5*0*(2)+1.5*0+(1.35*0+1.5*0)*(2)
= 2473.2 kNm
Moment in y-dir (about x-axis)
M =  *(A*(W +W )*(b)/2+V *(y ))+ *M + *V *(y )+ *M +( *H + *H )*(h )
y G found soil Gz pos G Gy Q Qz pos Q Qy G Gy Q Qy 1
= 1.35*(12*(50+18)*(3)/2+100*(1.5))+1.35*0+1.5*0*(1.5)+1.5*0+(1.35*0+1.5*0)*(2)
= 1854.9 kNm

Eccentricity of base reaction:

Eccentricity in x-axis
e = (M /V -(l)/2)
x x z
= (2473.2/1236.6-(4)/2)
=0m

Eccentricity in y-axis
e = (M /V -(b)/2)
y y z
= (1854.9/1236.6-(3)/2)
= 2.22E-16 m

Effective base area:

Effective length
l' = l-2*e
x
= 4-2*0
=4m

Effective width
b' = b-2*e
y
= 3-2*(2.22*10-16)
=3m

Effective area
A' = l'*b'
= 4*3
= 12 m2

Bearing pressure:
A known bearing pressure has been entered:
Bearing pressure
q =q
Ed Ed
= 200 kN/m2

Net Ultimate bearing capacity under drained conditions

(Annex D.4)

Design angle of shearing resistance

' = (atan(tan((' *PI)/180)/ ))*(180/PI)
d k '
= (atan(tan((35*3.14)/180)/1))*(180/3.14)
= 35 deg

Design effective cohesion

c' = c' /
d k c'
= 0/1
= 0 kNm2

Overburden pressure (Effective)

q = ((h +h )* - *h)
1 2 soil water
= ((2+1)*18-9.8*0)
= 54 kN/m2

Design effective overburden pressure

q' = q/

= 54/1
= 54 kN/m2

Bearing resistance factors

N = exp(PI*(tan(' *PI/180)))*(tan((45+' /2)*PI/180))2
q d d
= exp(3.14*(tan(35*3.14/180)))*(tan((45+35/2)*3.14/180)) 2
= 33.3
N = (N -1)*cot(' *PI/180)
c q d
= (33.3-1)*cot(35*3.14/180)
= 46.12
N = 2*(N -1)*tan(' *PI/180)
 q d
= 2*(33.3-1)*tan(35*3.14/180)
= 45.23

Foundation shape factors

s = 1+(b'/l')*sin(' *PI/180)
q d
= 1+(3/4)*sin(35*3.14/180)
= 1.43
s = 1-0.3*(b'/l')

= 1-0.3*(3/4)
= 0.78
s = (s *N -1)/(N -1)
c q q q
= (1.43*33.3-1)/(33.3-1)
= 1.44

Load inclination factors

H = (H 2+H 2)0.5
x y
= ((0)2+(0)2)0.5
= 0 kN
m = (2+(b'/l'))/(1+(b'/l'))
y
= (2+(3/4))/(1+(3/4))
= 1.57
m = (2+(l'/b'))/(1+(l'/b'))
x
= (2+(4/3))/(1+(4/3))
 = 1.43
m =m
x
= 1.43
i = (1-H/(V +A'*c' *cot(' *PI/180)))(m)
q z d d
= (1-0/(1236.6+12*0*cot(35*3.14/180)))(1.43)
=1
i = (1-H/(V +A'*c' *cot(' *PI/180)))(m+1)
 z d d
= (1-0/(1236.6+12*0*cot(35*3.14/180)))(1.43+1)
=1
i = i -(1-i )/(N *tan(' *PI/180))
c q q c d
= 1-(1-1)/(46.12*tan(35*3.14/180))
=1

Net ultimate bearing capacity

q = c' *N *s *i +q'*N *s *i +0.5*( )*(b')*N *s *i
Rd d c c c q q q soil   
= 0*46.12*1.44*1+54*33.3*1.43*1+0.5*(18)*(3)*45.23*0.78*1
= 3517.85 kN/m2

Verification of bearing capacity

Eurocode 7 requires that the design vertical action q acting on the foundation is less than or equal to the design bearing
Ed
pressure q beneath it (This equation is simply a re-statement of the inequality V <= R ).
Rd d d

check = q /q
Ed Rd
= 200/3517.85
= 0.057

q <= q Foundation Passes (Bearing capacity is larger than base pressure)

Ed Rd

Strength Check (EN1992-1-1:2004)

Clause 12.9.3

In the absence of more detailed data, axially loaded pad footings may be designed and constructed as plain concrete,
provided that:
(0.85*h )/a >= SQR(9* /f )
F gd ctd

Where:
h = Depth of the foundation
f
a = Projection from column face
 = Design value of ground pressure
gd
f = Design value of the concrete tensile strength
ctd

Material details
Concrete strength class
fck = 30 N/mm2

Mean value of axial tensile strength

f = 0.3*(fck)(2/3)
ctm
= 0.3*(30)(2/3)
= 2.9 N/mm2

5% fractile of axial tensile strength

f = 0.7*f
ctk,0,05 ctm
= 0.7*2.9
= 2.03 N/mm2

Coefficent
 = 1
ct
Partial Factors for materials for ultimate limit states (Table 2.1N)
Design Situations  for concrete
c

Persistent & Transient 1.5

Accidental 1.2

The design situation is assumed to be Persistent and Transient in this calculation, thus;
 = 1.5
C

Design tensile strength

f = ( *f / )*1000
ctd ct ctk,0,05 C
= (1*2.03/1.5)*1000
= 1351.69 kN/m2

check1 = (0.85*h )/a

F
= (0.85*2)/1.25
= 1.36
check2 = SQR(9* /f )
gd ctd
= SQR(9*200/1351.69)
= 1.15

(0.85*h )/a >= SQR(9* /f ) Foundation Passes - The footing is structurally adequate for mass concrete base design.
F gd ctd

Verification of Serviceability (EN1997-1:2004)

Clause 6.6.2(16)

For conventional structures founded on clays, Eurocode 7 requires settlements to be calculated explicitly whenever the ratio of
the characteristic bearing capacity to the applied Serviceability loads is less than 3.

q <= q /
Ed Rd R,SLS

where q = the characteristic effects of actions, q = the characteristic resistance to those actions, and  = a partial
Ed Rd R,SLS
resistance factor >= 3

check = q /(q / )
Ed Rd R,SLS
= 200/(3517.85/3)
= 0.17

q <= q / Foundation Passes - The verification of settlement is satisfied for clays.

Ed Rd R,SLS

Designed in accordance with the Eurocode.

Note: Any design must be built in accordance with Eurocode execution standards.