Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL (R) Test, 3/E

Test 1 Structure Answer Key

Copyright (c) 2002 by Cambridge University Press

1. ANSWER: fly
EXPLANATION: A verb in the simple present tense, "fly," is needed to complete the
sentence.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Not all birds fly.

2. ANSWER: disturbing
EXPLANATION: The nouns "predators" and "pollution" are used as subjects.
Therefore, the word "disturbing" needs to be in the noun form "disturbances" to be a
part of the parallel structure.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Natural predators, disturbances from tourists, and
pollution have all contributed to the decline of the California condor.

3. ANSWER: fitted together

EXPLANATION: The adjective clause "that can be" is incomplete. A verb, "fitted,"
can complete the clause. "Together" tells how the parts fit.
CORRECT SENTENCE: A construction kit consists of parts that can be fitted
together.

4. ANSWER: old
EXPLANATION: The superlative form "oldest" should be used because Soay sheep
are being compared to all other breeds of sheep.
CORRECT SENTENCE: The Soay sheep, the oldest breed of sheep in existence,
has changed little since 3500 B.C.E.

5. ANSWER: Alfred B. Nobel left money to be awarded

EXPLANATION: A verb is needed to complete the independent clause. "Alfred B.
Nobel" identifies the Swedish scientist who "left money to be awarded."
CORRECT SENTENCE: The Swedish scientist Alfred B. Nobel left money to be
awarded to people who have done something important to help humankind.

6. ANSWER: the village

EXPLANATION: The plural noun "villages" should be used. "Some" indicates that
there is more than one village.
CORRECT SENTENCE: A traveler can reach some of the villages along the
Amazon only by riverboat.

7. ANSWER: does
EXPLANATION: An aux-word (auxiliary verb), "does," is needed to complete the
sentence.
CORRECT SENTENCE: The western part of Oregon generally receives more rain
than does the eastern part.

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8. ANSWER: is important
EXPLANATION: An article is needed in the noun phrase "important element." The
article "an" should be used because it precedes a vowel sound.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Fiber is an important element in nutrition, and it aids in
protecting the digestive tract as well.

9. ANSWER: Like
EXPLANATION: "Like," meaning "similar to," is a preposition that indicates a
comparison. Here there is a comparison between "porpoises and dolphins" and
"whales."
CORRECT SENTENCE: Like porpoises and dolphins, whales are mammals.

10. ANSWER: settlement

EXPLANATION: "Settlement" is a noun that refers to a place. The noun form
"settlers" is used for people.
CORRECT SENTENCE: The first European settlers of Australia left the city of
Portsmouth in May 1787.

11. ANSWER: Although founded many centuries earlier

EXPLANATION: The independent clause is complete, indicating that a clause or
phrase is needed to fill in the blank. "Although" introduces the reduced adverb
clause "founded many centuries earlier."
CORRECT SENTENCE: Although founded many centuries earlier, Luxor did not
reach preeminence until about 2000 B.C.E.

12. ANSWER: them

EXPLANATION: "Which" is the object of the adjective clause and refers to
"nutrients." The pronoun "them" cannot be used to fill the same position and
therefore must be removed for the sentence to be correct.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Starches provide people with important nutrients which
they need.

13. ANSWER: It was while

EXPLANATION: A subject and verb are needed to complete the sentence. The
word "it" fills the subject position, and the verb "was" fills the verb position. An
adverb, "while," is needed to introduce the adverb phrase "living in Birmingham,
England."
CORRECT SENTENCE: It was while living in Birmingham, England, that the
American writer Washington Irving wrote Rip Van Winkle.

14. ANSWER: their

EXPLANATION: The possessive adjective "its" should be used instead of "their"
because it refers to "Bactrian camel," which is used in the singular form indicating a
class of animal.
CORRECT SENTENCE: The Bactrian, or Asian, camel can be identified by its two
humps.

15. ANSWER: Who built the stone circle

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EXPLANATION: The verb in the passive voice "has never been determined" needs
a subject that indicates what hasn't yet been determined. "Who built the stone
circle" fills that position.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Who built the stone circle known as "Stonehenge" has
never been determined.

16. ANSWER: outsider

EXPLANATION: The noun "outsider" should be in the plural form, "outsiders." The
article "an" would have been included if there had been only one outsider who ruled
Catalonia.
CORRECT SENTENCE: A trade center since antiquity, Catalonia itself has often
been ruled by outsiders.

17. ANSWER: indicating the location of their discovery

EXPLANATION: An adjective clause or adjective phrase is needed to modify the
noun "terms." The phrase "indicating the location of their discovery" describes what
kind of terms.
CORRECT SENTENCE: Certain Paleolithic artifacts are given special terms
indicating the location of their discovery.

18. ANSWER: in the air

EXPLANATION: The phrase "in the air" is redundant because "in the air" means the
same as the word "aloft." The sentence should read, "Early balloonists remained
aloft for relatively short periods."
CORRECT SENTENCE: Early balloonists remained aloft for relatively short periods.

19. ANSWER: how remarkable it seems

EXPLANATION: An adverb clause is needed to complete the sentence. The word
order for an adverb clause introduced by the clause marker "how" is: "how" +
adjective + subject + verb.
CORRECT SENTENCE: No matter how remarkable it seems, Mozart was an
accomplished composer while still a child.

20. ANSWER: but

EXPLANATION: "Simulations" is not being contrasted with "training." Therefore, the
two nouns should be joined by the word "and."
CORRECT SENTENCE: At space camp, youngsters go through concentrated
astronaut training and shuttle simulations.

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