PC37.122.4™/D Draft Guide For Application and User Guide For Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 KV and Above

APPROVED DRAFT
PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

Draft Guide for Application and User Guide for Gas-insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and
AbovePC37.122.4/DJ, January 2014
Draft Guide for Application and User Guide for Gas-insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above
1 PC37.122.4™/DKJ
2 Draft Guide for Application and User
3 Guide for Gas-insulated Transmission
4 Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above
5 Sponsor
6
7 Substations Committee
8 of the
9 IEEE Power and Energy Society
10
11
12 Approved <Date Approved>
13
14 IEEE-SA Standards Board
15
16 Copyright © 20152014 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
17 Three Park Avenue
18 New York, New York 10016-5997, USA
19 All rights reserved.
20 This document is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEEE Standard. As such, this document is subject to
21 change. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! Because this is an unapproved draft, this document must not be
22 utilized for any conformance/compliance purposes. Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards
23 Committee participants to reproduce this document for purposes of standardization consideration. Prior to
24 adoption of this document, in whole or in part, by another standards development organization, permission
25 must first be obtained from the IEEE Standards Activities Department (stds.ipr@ieee.org). Other entities
26 seeking permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, must also obtain permission from the
27 IEEE Standards Activities Department.
28 IEEE Standards Activities Department
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Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Ottawa. Downloaded on September 16,2016 at 00:04:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Abstract: This project will provide guidance for the planning, permitting, design, equipment
2 specification, installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of gas insulated
3 transmission lines. The guide will address technical aspects only. Commercial and legal issues
4 associated with gas insulated transmission lines are not considered. This guide applies to AC
5 transmission lines rated for maximum operating voltage of 72.5 kV and higher.This is similar to
6 the Scope.
7 Keywords: GIL, Gas Insulated Transmission Line, GIB, Gas Insulated Bus, Gas Insulated Line,
8 GIS, Gas Insulated Switchgear, Gas Insulated Substation, Gas Insulated Cable GICStandard,
9 IEEE draft template
10
11 x
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v
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Participants
2 At the time this draft guide was completed, the Gas Insulated Substations K5 Working Group had the
3 following membership:
4 Patrick Fitzgerald, Chair

5 Darin Penner, Vice Chair
6
7 Arun Arora 12 Arnaud Ficheux 17 Hermann Koch
8 George Becker 13 Noboru Fujimoto 18 Richard Jones
9 Roberto Benato 14 David Giegel 19 Devki Sharma
10 Philip Bolin 15 Jack Gustin 20 Dave Solhtalab
11 Markus Etter 16 Charles L. Hand 21 Ryan Stone
22
23 The following members of the <individual/entity> balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may
24 have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
25 [To be supplied by IEEE]
26 Balloter1 29 Balloter4 32 Balloter7

35
36 When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on <Date Approved>, it had the following
37 membership:
38 [To be supplied by IEEE]
39 <Name>, Chair
40 <Name>, Vice Chair
41 <Name>, Past Chair
42 <Name>, Secretary
43 SBMember1 46 SBMember4 49 SBMember7

52 *Member Emeritus
53
54 Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
55 <Name>, DOE Representative

56 <Name>, NIST Representative
57
58 <Name>
59 IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development
60
61 <Name>
62 IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development
63
vi
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1 Introduction
2 This introduction is not part of PC37.122.4/DKJ, Draft Guide for Application and User Guide for Gas-insulated
3 Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above.
4 GIL has been manufactured starting in the early 1970s when the first gas-insulated substations were
5 introduced. IEEE has not had any standard to address any manufacturing of GIL. To address IEEE policy
6 that IEEE standards should be harmonized with international standards whenever possible a study was
7 conducted by a joint task force of the Substations Committee and IEC. This included creating an IEEE
8 Standard that generally aligned with the IEC GIL standards.
vii
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1 Contents
2
viii
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Draft Guide for Application and User

2 Guide for Gas-insulated Transmission
3 Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above
4 IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or
5 environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks.
6 Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all
7 appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all
8 applicable laws and regulations.
9 This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers.
10 These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may
11 be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers
12 Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
13 http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
14 1. Overview
15 The purpose of this guide is to provide technical assistance for the selection, application and project
16 management for a Gas Insulated Line (GIL) transmission project from initial planning through
17 decommissioning and retirement. It is not within the scope of this guide to address contractual or
18 commercial questions related to GIL projects.
19 The document included tables, flowcharts and other aids that maybe of use in a typical GIL project. While
20 not required, a certain minimum knowledge of GIL is advantageous in order to utilize the benefits of this
21 technology. The relevant information for accurate system planning using GIL is also included in this
22 document along with operations and maintenance information.
23 This guide includes equipment with the following specifications or characteristics: rated voltage 72.5 kV
24 and above, alternating current, single-phase, rigid (solid aluminum) enclosure, installed above ground, in a
25 trench, directly buried or in tunnel, laid horizontally, vertically at any angle and using pure SF 6 or a
26 mixture of SF6 with nitrogen as the insulating medium.
27 1.1 Scope
28 This project will provide guidance for the planning, permitting, design, equipment specification,
29 installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of gas insulated transmission lines. The guide will
1
APPROVED DRAFT

1 address technical aspects only. Commercial and legal issues associated with gas insulated transmission
2 lines are not considered. This guide applies to AC transmission lines rated for maximum operating voltage
3 of 72.5 kV and higher.
4 1.2 Purpose
5 There is currently no complete guide covering planning, design, installation, and operation of gas insulated
6 transmission lines. The guide produced by this project will fill this void and become a useful reference for
7 electric power engineers considering the installation of gas insulated lines.
8
9 2. Normative references
10 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
11 be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is
12 explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
13 the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
14 IEEE Std C37.122 TM, IEEE Standard for Gas-Insulated Substations
15 IEEE C37.122.1TM. IEEE Guide for Gas Insulated Substation
16 IEEE Std C37.017 TM, IEEE Standard for Bushings for High-Voltage [over 1000 V (ac)] Circuit Breakers
17 and Gas-Insulated Switchgear
18 IEEE Std 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding
19 IEEE Std 693, IEEE Recommended Practice of Seismic Design of Substations
20 IEEE Std C37.123TM, IEEE Specification for GIS Electric Power Substation Equipment
21 IEEE Std C37.122.5, Guide for Moisture Measurement and Control in SF6 Gas-Insulated Equipment
22 IEC 62271-204, HV gas-insulated transmission lines for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and above
23 IEC 62271-303, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 303: Use and handling of sulphur
24 hexafluoride (SF6)
25 IEC 60376, Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for use in electrical equipment
26 IEC 60480, Guidelines for the checking and treatment of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) taken from electrical
27 equipment and specification for its re-use
28 CIGRE 218, Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) (Brochure)
29 ASTM D2472, Standard Specification for Sulfur Hexafluoride
30 ASTM D1933, Standard specification for Nitrogen Gas as an Electrical Insulating Material
31 CIGRE 276, SF6Gas Handling Guide (Brochure)
32 32 IEEE Std C37.122.3TM, IEEE SF6Gas Handling Guide
2
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1 CIGRE 360. Insulation Co-Ordination related to 1 Internal Insulation of Gas Insulated Systems with SF6
2 and N2/SF6 Gas Mixtures under AC Condition (Brochure)
3 IEEE Std C37.122.6TM, Recommended Practice for the Interface of New Gas-Insulated Equipment in
4 Existing Gas-Insulated Substations Rated Above 52kV
5 3. Definitions
6 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards
7 Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause. 1 Users should reference IEEE
8 Std C37.122 for most definitions.
9 Support insulators: Composite cast resin material that is used to hold the conductor concentric to the
10 enclosure
11 Gas Zone: A section of the GIL which may consist of one or several gas compartments which have a Formatted: Font: Bold
12 common gas monitoring system
13 Compartment (GIL): A section of the GIL assembly that is enclosed, except for openings necessary for Formatted: Font: Bold
14 interconnection, providing insulating gas isolation from other compartments
15 Partition (GIL): Part of an assembly separating one compartment from other compartments. It provides Formatted: Font: Bold
16 gas isolation and support for the conductor (gas barrier insulator).
17 4. Technical Details of GIL

18 CIGRE 218 provides comprehensive information about GIL [B1]. The following sections provide a short
19 overview of GIL features to familiarize the reader with the characteristics of GIL.
20 4.1 Description
21 The technology of GIL is similar to gas-insulated substations (GIS), where a high voltage conductor
22 supported by insulators is positioned within a grounded enclosure and the remaining space between is filled
23 with a pressurized gas for electrical insulation. The support insulators are composed of composite cast resin
24 material. The conductor of each phase is located within an aluminum enclosure. Sliding contacts provide
25 compensation for thermal expansion of the conductor. The enclosure expansion (i.e. in tunnel or trench
26 installations) is compensated for by bellows assemblies. The GIL is divided along its length into separate
27 gas compartments. GIL dimensions are determined by the dielectric, thermal and mechanical design
28 requirements. Conductor and enclosure diameters and thicknesses, and gas composition and pressure may
29 be varied according to the application to provide an optimum solution. In typical standard applications,
30 dielectric considerations will determine the enclosure dimensions. For high current rated circuits, thermal
31 considerations may require larger dimensions in order to maintain temperatures within acceptable limits.
1
IEEE Standards Dictionary Online subscription is available at:
http://www.ieee.org/portal/innovate/products/standard/standards_dictionary.html.
3
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1
2 Figure 1 —General design of GIL
3 4.2 Typical Installations
4 The GIL installation is generally, defined by the transmission system or application requirements. The GIL
5 is usually installed using different methods: in a tunnel, duct, or trench, on steel structures above ground or
6 directly buried in the ground.
7 The above ground installation is most commonly found in electrical switchyards, installed on steel
8 structures above ground and/or in concrete trenches or walls. In a switchyard application GIL connects the
9 GIS with other remote equipment like transformers, overhead lines, or other sections of an existing
10 substation. This application is also the most economical since minimal excavation is required for the
11 structural supports. An above ground installation can also be provided in public access areas; however
12 physical security should be considered including fences, climbing deterrents, and gas density monitor
13 covers etc.
14 Directly buried installations are used inside or outside substations where the GIL is used to connect remote
15 equipment or switchyards. In this case, GIS is typically covered with a minimum of 1 m soil and provided
16 with cathodic (corrosion) protection. The cathodic protection that can be used is either a traditional system,
17 or a coating that is applied to the enclosure. If a concealed installation is required for either security or
18 aesthetic purposes, a buried installation should also be considered. In any case, the GIL route should be
19 carefully investigated for interferences above and below grade. Buried installation may also require a
20 larger trench width “foot print” since the phases are usually arranged in a flat configuration.
21 A tunnel is widely used for underground installations in cities or other areas with limited space and
22 obstacles along the route. These tunnels are either drilled very deep, typically 20 to 40 m below the surface,
23 or close to the surface built using an open trench, and then backfilling to create a tunnel. A tunnel of 3 m in
24 diameter is sufficient for incorporating a two circuit GIL system. A GIL tunnel installation is often found
25 in conjunction with hydroelectric or pump storage power plants where the electric power generation is in a
26 mountain cavern and the GIL is used to transmit the electrical energy to the transmission grid at the surface.
27 Examples of typical GIL installations are shown in Annex A.
4
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1 4.3 GIL Application Information
2 GIL has multiple features that may help the application engineer address specific problems, these include:
3 a) Overall transmission losses are low compared to overhead lines, because of large conductor cross
4 sections
5 b) There are no significant dielectric losses
6 c) Ratings of 2000MVA and more at 420-550 kV are available with directly buried GIL without
7 auxiliary cooling
8 d) Significantly greater than 2000MVA are available for outdoor installations in air (dependent chiefly
9 on ambient temperature)
10 e) GIL capacitance is several times greater than the capacitance of an equivalent overhead line but
11 several times less than the capacitance of an XLPE cable
12 f) The high voltage components of GIL are not exposed to environmental conditions like snow, ice,
13 wind, pollution, contamination
14 g) GIL lacks any significant aging phenomena, as reported by CIGRE on Gas-Insulated equipment
15 [B1], [B29]
16 h) Lengths of lines, in the range of 60-80 km, are possible without reactive compensation
17 i) Greater flexibility in routing the line, as any angle is possible
18 Some of the environmental features include:

19 a) Less visual impact than overhead lines
20 b) Low external electromagnetic field levels
21 c) No increased risk of fire as the enclosure, conductor, and insulation materials are made of materials
22 that do not readily burn
23 High degree of gas tightness, especially in welded design, some economic considerations include:
24 a) Lower transmission losses over the life of the GIL installation compared to overhead lines
25 b) Higher availability due to minimal maintenance and established reliability
26
27 Pure SF6 is used in switching elements of GIS and high voltage circuit breakers mainly because of its
28 excellent arc quenching characteristics. To meet only electrical insulation requirements (non-switching) a
29 gas mixture of 90-80% of Nitrogen (N2) and 10-20% by volume of SF6 is adequate. This reduces the
30 amount of SF6 required.
31 Annex B provides a detailed comparison between OHL, Cable, and GIL.
32 4.4 Influence of GIL on the Transmission Network
33 Due to the special characteristics of GIL, the following influences on the transmission network might
34 occur. The individual influences must be determined using network studies (see D.2 and D.5 in Annex D)
35 Due to its lower inductance, the GIL will tend to carry a greater share of the transmitted power
36 when connected parallel to existing OHL or cables.
5
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1 A requirement for line compensation should be studied. However, for very long GIL ( greater than
2 60-80 km), reactive compensation may be needed, depending on the inductive power already
3 available in the network. See CIGRE Brochure 351 for further explanation.
4 The high transmission capability of GIL (2000 MVA per system) may provide the same capacity in
5 a direct buried installation as that of an overhead line circuit.
6 The GIL/Overhead line hybrid system allows auto-reclosure as the probability that the fault is in
7 the GIL section is very low. If the fault is in the GIL portion, the additional damage resulting from
8 the reclosure will not normally cause damage beyond the faulted section of GIL, or result in loss of
9 gas. This allows the system to operate without major changes in operation and protection schemes.
10 4.5 Temperature Design Criteria
11 IEEE Std C37.122 should be followed with regards to the temperature limits, with the following additions:
12 For tunnel installation, the maximum enclosure temperature should not exceed 70°C. For outdoor (open
13 air) installations, the maximal enclosure temperature should not exceed 80°C. For direct buried
14 installations the maximum enclosure temperature should be limited to avoid soil drying, typically between
15 50°C and 60°C.
16 4.6 Seismic Aspects
17 Seismic analysis should be performed as stated in IEEE Std 693.
18 The seismic behavior of GIL is similar to pipelines. Welded tubes are very flexible and usually withstand
19 earthquakes without any damage, as long as there is no significant settlement or gap in the ground. Special
20 attention has to be paid to external elements that the GIL may pass through that modify the support
21 characteristics of the GIL (e.g. crossing bridge abutments or expansion joints and building entries) as well
22 as special laying areas, with poor soil stability (e.g. sands and shale formations)
23 Seismic performance studies analyzing the line under the required seismic conditions shall be performed by
24 the manufacturer or an independent consultant and form part of the order documentation. The specific
25 requirements shall be defined in the request for proposal documents.
26 4.7 Terminations
27 4.7.1 SF6/Air Bushings
28 SF6 gas bushings are used to transition from GIL to air insulated equipment. The bushings can be ceramic
29 or composite by design.
30 All Bushings should be designed and tested in accordance with IEEE Std C37.017.
6
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1 4.7.2 GIS Interfaces
2 A GIS/GIL connection typically occurs inside a switchyard. This connection, if done between different
3 manufacturers or technologies, should be done in accordance with IEEE Std C37.122.6.
4 4.8 Installation Criteria
5 As noted earlier, GIL can be installed in various arrangements: above ground, in a duct, in a tunnel or
6 trench, or directly buried, from horizontal or vertical arrangement, with tight bend radii and any required
7 angle. With this flexibility however, there are some limitations that should be considered.
8 4.8.1 Bending
9 Field bending of GIL is possible down to a bending radius of approximately 400 m without special elbow
10 sections for all voltage classes. Smaller bending radii are possible for lower voltage class GIL. This GIL
11 radius flexibility simplifies installations along most cross-country routes and in drilled tunnels. Smaller
12 bending radii are possible with special design of elbow elements to accommodate angles between 0 and
13 180 degrees.
14 4.8.2 Gas Compartmentalization
15 Long runs of GILs are segregated into multiple gas zones that simplify the gas management. In some cases,
16 these gas zones are further segregated into gas compartments. This can be seen in Figure 2 below. The
17 size of the zones compartment will impact the time required to process the gas zonecompartment, and
18 complete leak tests, evacuation and filling. Multiple gas compartments also provide convenient gas
19 volumes for handling purposes should the gas need to be removed. In the event of a failure, smaller gas
20 compartments also limit the contamination and impacts on the effort required to repair and return to service
21 and limit the amount of gas that can escape to atmosphere. In general, the size of the gas zones & gas
22 compartments isare a design parameters to be considered in view of the owner’s operational and
23 maintenance requirements, such as theas the effects of tightness, resistance to arc faults and differential
24 pressure across compartmentsbarrier insulators.
25 Separation of gas compartments is done using a partition insulator and generally the position is marked by
26 external means. The number of gas compartments that form a gas zone can be determined by mutual
27 agreement between the user and manufacturer.
28 The maximum volume of the gas compartments vary with the owners gas handling equipment capabilities
29 provided for evacuation, storage and filling. Typical gas compartments should be sized to allow removal of
30 the gas from any three adjacent compartments into the storage systems provided. In Figure 2, if work
31 needs to be done in Gas Compartment Zone 2 (Gas Compartment 2A), gas needs to be evacuated from Gas
32 Compartment 1B (Part of Gas Zone 1-Bypass needs to be closed), Gas Compartment 2 (Gas Zone 2), and
33 Gas Compartment 3 (Gas Zone 3A) for safety reasons. The handling cart should have enough storage to
34 accommodate this.
7
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1
2 Commented [PJF1]: Change Zone to Compartment
3 Figure 2 —Gas Compartment Arrangement

4 The GIL gas monitoring system uses a temperature compensated gas density monitor mounted directly on
5 the bus enclosure. A gas density monitor is supplied on each single-phase gas compartment. The gas
6 density monitor is normally supplied with two alarm contacts, one at generally 5-10% below rated filling
7 pressure and the other at minimum functional pressure. Additional alarm contacts can be provided for
8 special applications on the same density monitor. These alarm contacts should be wired into a local control
9 cubicle for annunciation of the different alarm levels. Upon receiving an alarm, the system should be
10 scheduled for any required maintenance.
11 Each of the gas compartments should be evacuated and filled individually.
12 4.8.3 Pre-Construction Material Storage
13 The installation is more efficient if the user provides sufficient space for storage, assembly, and installation
14 of the GIL.
15 4.8.4 Shipping Assemblies
16 Depending on the manufacturer’s design, there are two different types of shipping assemblies. One type
17 ships the enclosure, conductor, and insulators as separate components. The other type ships factory
18 assembled sections
19 4.9 Testing Criteria
20 IEEE C37.122 and IEC 62271-204 have recommendations regarding design tests (type tests), routine tests,
21 and site commissioning tests (field tests).
8
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1 4.10 Environmental Aspects
2 4.10.1 Low Electromagnetic Fields
3 The conductor current induces in the enclosure a reverse current of approximately the same magnitude, so
4 that the electromagnetic field outside the GIL is negligible. Values of below 10 μT (micro Tesla) can be
5 reached at rated current levels close to the GIL. Therefore no special shielding is required even in areas
6 which are critical with respect to EMF, e.g. airports or computer centers. In order to further understand the
7 shielding effectiveness of GIL, a GIL directly buried to a depth equal to 1.3 meters below the surface to the
8 GIL axis and with a current of 3150A will create a magnetic field of 2 μT at the GIL axis and a magnetic
9 field of 0.5 μT at a distance of 5 meters from the GIL axis. For the magnetic field produced by a GIL
10 installed in a tunnel, refer to [B28].
11 4.10.2 Minimized Losses
12 The resistive losses are very low (See Table B.1— Electrical Characteristics for 400 kV GIL, Overhead
13 Lines, and CableTable B.1— Electrical Characteristics for 400 kV GIL, Overhead Lines, and CableTable
14 B.1— Electrical Characteristics for 400 kV GIL, Overhead Lines, and Cable), and the dielectric losses are
15 negligible. No reactive power compensation and sophisticated cooling systems are needed for lengths less
16 than 60-80 km. This reduces the operation costs significantly, contributing financial savings as well as
17 reducing impact on environment
18 4.11 Technical Data to be given in the Request for Proposal
19 Annex C provides a detailed fill in form that has the minimum required information for a manufacturer to
20 choose a suitable GIL design.
21 4.11.1 Other Information Required
22 The following user supplied information will help the GIL manufacturer to provide the user with the most
23 effective solution for the GIL system:
24 a) Accurate plans of the route, showing all existing roads, buildings, other obstacles, all other
25 underground installations, available assembly areas including use of steel structures, existing
26 grounding system, dimensions of tunnels or shafts, approximate dimensions of existing right of
27 way or street trench
28 b) Vehicle or other access limitations to or on the site including temporary roadways and wetlands
29 c) Maximum transport dimensions and weights allowed for transport
30 d) Any building access limitations on site (doors, deck openings, hatches)
31 e) Weight limitations at site (floors, ramps, lifting gear, etc.)
32 f) Local working conditions and any restrictions that may apply (e.g., safety equipment, normal
33 working hours, union requirements for local erection crew coordination, etc.)
34 g) Health and Safety regulations that must be adhered to
35 h) Specific pressure vessel rules and procedures that may apply during installation and commissioning
36 tests
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1 i) Other local regulations having any influence on the work to be performed at site (e.g. noise
2 limitations, traffic limitations, specific backfill requirements or waste/ground water handling, etc.)
3 j) In-service conditions or operating restrictions of other equipment close to the installation site that
4 must be respected
5 k) Detailed scope of work description including electrical one-line diagram, and GIL interconnection
6 types
7 l) The vertical height of the proposed GIL installation needs to be established and its affect on gas
8 pressure, slenderness ratio, and buckling
9 5. Detailed Project Implementation and Service
10 5.1 Construction Aspects
11 The route should be investigated for environmental impacts including archeological, hazardous waste, and
12 endangered species habitat. If historical activity is documented or suspected, consideration should be given
13 to having access (on-call) to an archeologist during the construction.
14 If the GIL route involves public property, permits including roadway openings, traffic control, bridge or
15 street weight limitations should be investigated as part of the preliminary engineering. Projects may be
16 required to use specific procedures and practices mandated by local or state regulations. Construction
17 work times, equipment placement along the route, trench excavation techniques (Shoring) may require
18 additional approvals. An initial meeting to review the route with the local governing authority is
19 recommended.
20 The route selection and evaluation process should also identify and examine interferences including major
21 highway or street crossings, stream or other water body crossings, public parks or recreation areas. Legal
22 easement requirements should also be identified as part of the preliminary engineering process.
23 Material storage or lay down areas, marshalling sites for construction equipment, should also be
24 incorporated in the initial planning. Dependent upon the project location, consideration should be given to
25 physical security of materials and equipment (e.g. fencing, locked storage containers). If the project
26 requires excavation, removed soil may require removal from site. In urban or “brown field” sites, soil
27 should be tested for contaminants before removal for contaminants.
28 All parties (owner, manufacturer, and installation company) in the project should participate in the schedule
29 development and provide regular updates.
30 5.2 Transportation and Storage
31 5.2.1 General
32 All the various parties involved in transport of the equipment between the manufacturer’s plant and the
33 final user’s site should be included in the project planning. These parties may include: Manufacturer(s),
34 general and subcontractors, freight/transportation companies, state or government transportation agencies,
35 insurance companies, and customs agent/brokers; all of whom have different requirements, limitations,
36 priorities, and specialties. Requirements from any of these parties could affect the material delivery
37 schedule and project in service date.
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1 5.2.2 Supplier Transportation Responsibilities
2 The manufacturer's shipping methodology is generally finalized during the detailed design phase of the
3 project, dependent on the choice of sub-suppliers and logistics needs. The manufacturer will customize
4 each shipment to ensure the safe arrival of the materials at a user's site, taking into consideration:
5 a) The optimized transport size of the shipping assemblies, depending on system design, transport and
6 access limitations and with a consideration toward reducing the assembly work
7 b) Special handling or packaging requirements for sensitive components (e.g. insulators or monitor
8 equipment), to cover potential rough handling or off-road transport
9 c) Size of delivered lots limitations. The shipping assemblies and other hardware needed for a GIL
10 project is usually delivered in several lots. The size of the lots depends on storage facilities at or
11 near the site
12 d) The packing depends on transportation and storage facilities (outdoor or indoor). The shipping
13 assemblies could be delivered in bundled lots or protected in a more sophisticated manner against
14 contamination for ocean transport.
15 5.2.3 Shipping Insurance and Customs
16 A clear demarcation of responsibility associated with all shipments should be established during the
17 ordering process. International standards (e.g. INCOTERMS) offer clear definitions of all options to meet a
18 specific user requests. Overlapping or open areas of responsibility should be avoided and at each
19 responsibility interface, both parties concerned should check the condition of the hardware. All appropriate
20 documentation as stated in the contract (e.g. packing lists) required for clearing of the equipment through
21 customs must be exchanged properly and in sufficient time between all parties.
22 5.2.4 Storage
23 The storage method utilized (i.e. indoors, outdoors, covered, etc.) should be consistent with the storage
24 method specified by the user and designed by the manufacturer. The equipment should have periodic
25 inspections as recommended by the manufacturer.
26 The temporary storage of GIL on-site will be defined by the manufacturer depending on his installation
27 procedures. The actual GIL components are transported to and stored at the installation area in a logical
28 manner, conducive to the installation sequence. A site storage area of sufficient size helps to optimize the
29 installation process and reduce installation time.
30 5.3 GIL Installation (On Site Welded Assembly)
31 5.3.1 Laying Process
32 There are two methods used to install GIL: Prefabricated segments and onsite assembled. This guide will
33 focus on the on-site assembled since the prefabricated and tested sections are typical of GIS installations.
34 The onsite assembled GIL is built of minimal components which are delivered directly from the sub-
35 supplier to site, where they are prepared for final assembly. This reduces the risk of transport damages, but
36 also requires more temporary/lay down space close to the installation site. The laying is usually done in
37 parallel with the civil works, i.e. GIL will be installed directly after a section of the tunnel or trench is
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1 completed, while the civil works continues at the next section. With this procedure, the installation requires
2 continuous coordination between civil works and GIL installation crew.
3 5.3.2 Installation Crew
4 The installation of GIL requires specially trained skilled workers for material preparation, assembly,
5 welding and final installation. The specialists may be supported by local labor, either from the user or from
6 other local contractors.
7 The overall site management is defined by the contractual agreements between the parties; however the
8 manufacturer’s representative should provide the required direction and be continuously consulted during
9 the installation.
10 Before starting the work, each contractor, work crew and other pertinent individuals should be provided
11 training in the project health and safety requirements and the installation specific criteria (cleanliness
12 requirements).
13 5.3.3 Equipment and Tool Requirements
14 During installation, manufacturers use specialized welding tools and equipment (e.g. welding machines) for
15 joining the tubes to maximize efficiencies and provide high quality and productivity. This equipment is
16 only required for the initial installation, and there is no requirement for the user to purchase it. If
17 specialized welding equipment for future maintenance access is required, the requirements should be
18 discussed with the manufacturer and may be addressed under a service agreement.
19 Two sets of any other required tools should be supplied by the manufacturer once the installation is
20 complete.
21 5.3.4 Environmental Considerations
22 The project schedule should allocate time for adverse weather conditions that may influence the project
23 completion time and/or the costs. For example, an installation of a directly buried GIL in winter or during
24 the rainy season might require extra protection against water or frost. Postponement of the project to a more
25 favorable timeframe and season might be more effective.
26 5.3.5 Work Procedure
27 The installation of GIL involves the coordination of multiple parties and compliance with various rules and
28 regulations. Generally, the installation is often divided into three phases: prefabrication, assembly and
29 laying.
30 Prefabrication is where the components are unpacked and prepared for assembly; typically the tubes are
31 prepared for joining and components are cleaned.
32 The assembly process includes the insertion of conductor tubes into the enclosures and aligning the
33 insulators.
34 Laying includes placing the GIL in its final position, and welding the joint to the previous section.
35 Dependent on the project situation and manufacturers design and practices, the work phases may vary. If
36 the user has not decided to run the project on a turn-key basis, the manufacturer should as part of the supply
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1 contract describe the installation work procedure. This will enable the user to identify and resolve possible
2 conflicts in early stages of the project.
3 5.4 Testing and Commissioning
4 IEEE Std C37.122 and IEC 62271-204 define three types of tests for GIL: Type (design) Tests, Routine
5 tests, and Commissioning tests.
6 5.4.1 Type Tests
7 The type or design tests are for the purpose of proving the characteristics of the system. They are made on a
8 given design, to prove compliance with the various engineering standards.
9 The manufacturer must be able to demonstrate that all the type tests have been performed on subassemblies
10 of the same design supplied to the user. Type tests are not part of a quality assurance system applicable to
11 each supply consignment and are typically performed only once for a given design.
12 In addition to the type test of short GIL samples, a long-term test should be performed at a typical direct
13 buried GIL arrangement. Details of the test procedure are given in IEC 62271-204. The long term test goal
14 is to establish the reliability of all components and to test the on-site mounting procedure. These long term
15 tests performed at a voltage higher than the nominal system voltage and lasting thousands of hours are
16 intended to represent aging over the equipment life expectancy. The long term test provides a unique
17 opportunity to apply a voltage stress in conjunction with other stresses affecting equipment life(e.g thermal
18 limits due to current cycles, mechanical stresses associated with the enclosure thermal expansion). Once
19 performed successfully on a GIL basic design, all GIL based on the same basic design, are expected to
20 present similar long term behaviors.
21 5.4.2 Routine Tests
22 Routine tests are a part of the quality assurance process. They are carried out during manufacturing on each
23 item of equipment, with the purpose of revealing faults in material or construction. When the GIL is
24 assembled on site, the routine tests are limited to prefabrication tests of some elements, like pressure tests
25 on cast housings or partial discharge tests on the insulators. On the factory assembled sub-sections where
26 the conductors and insulators are factory installed, all of these tests may be done at the factory before
27 shipping.
28 5.4.3 Commissioning Tests
29 For GIL, the tests during and after erection on site are the most important ones. They are carried out in
30 order to detect possible damage suffered during transportation, storage, exposure to the environment, or
31 final assembly. It is important to point out that on-site testing is not a repetition of the type tests or the
32 routine tests. The aim is to prove the integrity of the system before it is energized. It is the final step in the
33 process of quality control and quality assurance.
34 Particular attention must be paid to dielectric tests. Depending on the length of the line, the testing of GIL
35 in separate sections might be required.
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1 5.4.3.1 Basic On Site Test Requirements
2 The GIL may be completely assembled on-site with sub supplies delivered directly on-site. The on-site
3 testing and commissioning is performed on completely assembled sections. There may also be additional
4 tests in case of factory assembled elements that might also be necessary on-site.
5 The tests carried out after installation is completed are:
6 a) Pressure Test, if required

7 b) High Voltage Test
8 c) Leak Check
9 d) Contact Resistance Test
10 e) Visual inspection of grounding and bonding connections
11 f) Density Monitor Test
12 g) Secondary wiring check
13 h) Acoustic Partial Discharge Test
14 i) Gas moisture content and composition
15 5.4.3.2 High Voltage Test
16 The on-site HV testing and commissioning of GIL installations is very similar to the procedures used for
17 GIS. The differences are related to the longer lengths of conductor, which has several implications:
18 a) Test equipment must be capable of high test currents for long test sections, In general, variable
19 inductance resonant test sets (available today) are capable of testing approx 10-20 nF of load
20 (~200-400m of 550 kV GIL) . Variable frequency test systems are capable of much higher loads
21 (up to ~1600 nF) but at much lower voltages (260 kV max) In some cases, combinations of 2 or
22 more test systems can be used to achieve higher test capability.
23 b) Larger test loads imply that more energy would be dissipated in the event of a testing flashover.
24 c) In order to achieve testability in a practical sense, a GIL may be sectionalized and intermediate test
25 points introduced. The logistics of testing needs to be considered at the design stage
26 The following tests are recommended:

27 a) AC conditioning of the line prior to testing with long time sequences for each voltage step, up to
28 the test voltage.
29 b) AC Power Frequency at 80% of the type test voltage.
30 c) Partial discharge test per IEEE Std C37.122 or IEC 62271-203. Discharge (PD) testing using
31 sensitive UHF method or acoustic detection.
32 5.4.3.3 Partial Discharge Testing
33 The most common ‘defect’ found in GIL are metallic particles introduced during the assembly
34 process. The conditioning phase of the test will cause many of these particles to migrate to low-field
35 regions (“particle traps’) where they become harmless. However, some form of particle or partial
36 discharge detection is recommended to ensure that no particles remain in high stress areas. The
37 procedure for partial discharge detection and interpretation shall be provided by manufacturer and
38 agreed between user and manufacturer. In this way, the chances of detecting particles can be
39 maximized as some particles could be ‘activated’ by the high voltage.
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1 Acoustic PD detection can be easily done using portable instruments. However, modern partial
2 discharge testing is also capable of detecting particles (moving particles will also exhibit electrical
3 discharges) Partial discharge testing may also detect other forms of defects at the expense of added
4 testing complexity.
5 Partial discharge testing is recommended during commissioning process. The experience with gas insulated
6 systems like GIL shows that after the system is commissioned, a continuous measurement of the partial
7 discharge intensity may not be necessary.
8 In summary, the antennas provided for PD sensing will remain in the GIL and may be used at any time
9 later. In the same way acoustic particle detection can be re-applied (at system voltage) whenever
10 required.
11 5.5 Secondary Equipment
12 5.5.1 Density Monitoring
13 The density of the insulated gas is important for the dielectric strength of the high voltage system. GIL is
14 usually divided into several gas compartments. The density in every gas compartment is monitored
15 individually. The monitoring can be done either by standard density monitors with alarm levels, indicating
16 if the density drops to critical values, or by modern microprocessor-controlled systems. Density monitors
17 are economical for short GIL installations, while microprocessor-controlled systems offer advantages for
18 longer GIL, especially if there are a significant number of sensors along the line reporting to a local and/or
19 remote monitoring center (PC or workstation). The microprocessor control system also can measure
20 temperature and pressure separately and calculates the density.
21 5.5.2 Arc Location System
22 If a flashover to ground occurs, its precise location may not be immediately apparent, because the internal
23 fault has no external impact. Sometimes, a flashover with low energy might even be self-restoring.
24 Although insulation faults on GIL are unlikely, some users and manufacturers equip GIL with fault location
25 devices to assist in the identification of the precise fault location to reduce the outage time. Such devices
26 can utilize various technologies like optical, electromagnetic, overpressure, acoustic and chemical sensors
27 or temperature-sensitive paint.
28 The accuracy of such a system should be in the range of +/- 10 m, independent of the GIL length, because
29 usually only some 10 m of GIL are impacted after an internal fault and need to be replaced.
30 5.5.3 Appropriate Auxiliary Wiring Practices
31 There are usually different kinds of auxiliary wires to be installed, such as fiber-optics, copper control
32 wires, auxiliary service power and telecommunication cables, etc. In a tunnel, these wires are usually laid
33 in an open or a closed cable tray. At a buried GIL, these wires should be installed in a separate ductwork
34 that has been installed either along with the GIL or after laying the main system.
35 The wiring installation generally depends on the individual project and manufacturer’s practices.
36 As wireless data transmission becomes more and more common, the data transmission of the GIL
37 monitoring system might in the future be handled by this technique and eliminates the installation of the
38 long auxiliary wiring.
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1 5.5.4 Auxiliary Power Supply
2 For the auxiliary power supply along the transmission line different solutions can be chosen:
3 Direct supply from the local distribution system

4 Parallel aux. power cable installation (AC or DC, 400 V – 6 kV)
5 Solar panels with batteries
6 Wind generator with battery
7 The choice of the best auxiliary power supply is dependent on the Users requirements and site conditions
8 along the route.
9 5.5.5 Cathodic Protection
10 Cathodic protection needs to be carefully looked at for directly buried GIL systems only. At a minimum, a
11 protective coating should be applied to the GIL enclosure. Other cathodic protection schemes may be used
12 in addition to this. A complete study should be looked at when a direct buried GIL is installed.
13 5.6 GIL Grounding
14 GIL typically follows the practice of a solidly grounded system. At each accessible place, the GIL is
15 grounded, and at the ends, the GIL enclosure is connected to the ground grid of the substation. In the case
16 of a tunnel installation, it is worth remembering that the enclosures should be systematically bonded
17 together and bonded to the tunnel steel reinforcement at regular intervals. This would insure that the
18 voltage difference between the tunnel wall and the GIL enclosures is minimal and would constitute a good
19 distributed grounding system. In this way the touch potentials inside the gallery are within acceptable
20 parameters even during a single-phase fault to assure complete safety for operators employed in GIL
21 inspection or other persons inside the gallery at the moment of fault occurrence.
22 5.7 Seismic Requirements
23 5.7.1 Earthquake Evaluation Method
24 The seismic design of GIL requires evaluation of the mechanical stresses. The stresses are generated in
25 various parts of a GIL by deformation of the body of GIL, which is caused by earthquake vibrations, and
26 the stresses applied to the body of GIL by deformation of a tunnel.
27 Seismic analysis should be done in accordance with IEEE Std 693.
28 5.7.2 Evaluation of GIL Natural Frequencies
29 Based on the conductor support span (intervals between the support by spacers on the conductor) and the
30 GIL support span (intervals between the support by racks on GIL), analysis is made on the natural
31 frequencies of GIL. The number of dominant frequencies of an earthquake is around 0.5Hz through 10Hz.
32 To avoid resonance phenomenon, the number of natural frequencies of GIL needs to be outside the range of
33 such dominant frequencies.
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1 5.7.3 Study of Seismic Force
2 Seismic waves used for evaluation are three sine waves, artificial earthquake waves and real earthquake
3 waves. To be on the safe side, the three sine waves are used for the calculation using the GIL resonance
4 frequencies. The evaluation by three sine waves is relatively easy to perform. Artificial earthquake waves
5 and real earthquake waves are used for the evaluation of several vibration modes.
6 5.7.4 Analytical Method
7 Static analysis and dynamic analysis are available. By the static analysis which requires simple techniques,
8 we obtain the value by multiplying the GIL weight by the amplification factor which has already been
9 found from the experiment on the full-scale machine. By using this value as the inertial force applied to
10 GIL during an earthquake, we evaluate the stress and displacement generated to GIL. By the dynamic
11 analysis, we evaluate and calculate on the computer the time-to-time changes in the stress and displacement
12 generated in various parts of GIL when seismic waves are applied to GIL.
13 5.7.5 Testing
14 The GIL as a whole is too large to be tested on a shaking table, but elements as sliding contacts and
15 insulators need to be approved. Representative set-ups with all the elements of the GIL can be used on
16 tables.
17 5.8 Repair Techniques
18 The supplier shall provide with the proposal a repair plan, the necessary training and the recommended
19 spare parts. Preferably the efficiency of this concept shall be proven by a simulated repair under site
20 conditions.
21 6. Gas Handling of Gas Mixtures

22 Gas handling standards and guides exist, IEC 62271-303, IEEE Std 1712, and CIGRE Brochure 276, and
23 should be followed.
24 6.1 Pure SF6 and N2/SF6 Gas Mixture
25 GIL may be operated with pure SF6 or a gas-mixture of SF6 and Nitrogen (N2). The advantage of using a
26 SF6/N2 gas mixture is the reduction of the amount of SF 6. The GIL offers this opportunity because there are
27 no switching or breaking capability needed, only insulation, and therefore an N 2 percentage of 80 % or
28 more is possible with the remaining being SF6 at an absolute pressure of the gas mixture of 0.8 MPa
29 (approximately 100 psig) as an example.
30 6.2 Gas Handling Equipment
31 Most of the gas handling equipment is the same as the gas handling equipment used for GIS. The following
32 devices are required: vacuum pump, mixing/filling device, filtration system, suction pump, pressure control
33 and monitoring equipment. All of these components are typically installed on a prefabricated “gas cart”.
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1 As noted earlier, the storage of the gas cart should be selected based upon the largest gas zone plus
2 reducing pressure in the two adjacent zones.
4 CAUTION
5 Liquid filling is not recommended. Please consult with the equipment manufacturer if liquid filling is
6 desired.
7 6.3 Filling With SF6 or SF6/N2 Gas Mixture
8 Before filling the GIL with the insulation gas, the GIL shall be evacuated. The vacuum shall be kept for a
9 certain period of time as specified by the manufacturer. This ensures that the humidity inside the GIL is
10 removed by using dry air and humidity filters. This dry air will be pumped in a cycle until the dry stage is
11 reached with a dew point of -20 °C.
12 The SF6 and N2 gas for the initial filling is usually supplied separately and has to be mixed in the required
13 ratio at site. It is recommended to use a special mixing device, which produces the gas mixture in a defined
14 mixture ratio prior to filling into the GIL. These high accuracy mixing devices work on a continuous basis
15 while filling the GIL.
16 Before checking the final mixture ratio and the final humidity, the gas should be in the GIL for minimum of
17 3 days to allow complete homogenization. Longer time may be needed with larger zones. The
18 manufacturer of the equipment will have a required time frame to perform the final check of the mixture.
19 6.4 Removal of SF6 or SF6/N2 Gas Mixture
20 In the case of removal of the insulation gas, either for maintenance or a failure, the mixture should be
21 stored in its mixed condition in high pressure bottles. The filling pressure of the storage depends on the
22 design of the bottles. During removal and refilling, the gas should flow through particle and humidity filters
23 to remove any potential contamination or moisture from the storage bottles.
24 Before checking the final mixture ratio and the final humidity, the gas should be in the GIL for a minimum
25 of 3 days to allow complete re-mixture and homogenization.
26 IEC 60480 defines the standards for the reuse of SF 6, and IEC 60376 defines the standard for new SF 6. IEC
27 62271-303 contains information on handling SF6/N2 mixtures.
28 7. Maintenance and Inspections

29 Once the GIL is filled with gas and energized, no maintenance is required to operate the GIL. The GIL has
30 a gas tightness which lasts 50 years or longer.
31 In case of directly buried GIL the corrosion protection needs to be checked periodically as it is done with
32 other types of directly buried cables.
33 In case of tunnel laid GIL visual checks should be carried out periodically to check the condition of the
34 tunnel, e. g. water leaks.
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1 Monitoring equipment shall be checked periodically as recommended by the manufacturer.
2 8. Training
3 The manufacturer’s initial training should cover configuration, operation, maintenance, SF6 gas handling
4 and monitoring, and trouble shooting. New members to a crew should also be provided the same training
5 along with periodic refresher sessions for the work force.
6 9. Decommissioning
7 The GIL is easy to disassemble into its component parts: gas or gas mixture, insulators, aluminum pipes of
8 conductor and enclosure and the auxiliary components can be fully recycled.
9 9.1 Removal of SF6 or SF6/N2 Gas Mixture
10 Refer to 6.4.
11 9.2 Dismantling of the GIL
12 After de-energizing and removal of the gas, the line is either cut into pieces and the components separated
13 for a welded system, or unbolted for a flanged system. The design of the GIL should permit all materials to
14 be separated as easily as possible.
15 Recycling firms can then cut, divide or segregate the aluminum alloys (conductor, enclosures), cast epoxy
16 resin (all types of insulators) and electronic devices and control wiring (monitoring system) so all materials
17 are re-used. In case of a buried GIL, the anti-corrosion protection coating of the enclosures must be
18 stripped off. This is a standard procedure well defined from other pipeline projects.
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1 Annex A
2 (Informative)
3 Typical Installations
4 A.1 Installations in a Tunnel
5 A.1.1 Schluchee, Gernamy
6 Design Ratings:
Ur 420 kV
Ir 2500 A
UBIL 1640 kV
Is 53 kA
5
3,5 m
4
2,8
7
1 600 MVA Transformer
2 Encapsulated Surge Arresters
3 Transfer Switching units
4 GIL Connection
5 Open Air Surge Arrester
6 Overhead Line
8 Features:
9 The installation connects a peak loading hydro power plant to the 420 kV transmission system. The GIL is
10 installed in a tunnel that was laid thru a mountain, and operated at rated currents during pumping and peak
11 load generation operations. The GIL has been in continuous, reliable operation since 1976.
12
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1 A.1.2 Shinmeika-Tokai-Line, Japan
2 Design Ratings:
Ur 275 kV
Ir 6300 A
UBIL 1050 kV
Rated Gas Pressure 0.34 Mpa
Transmission Capacity 2,850 MW/circuit
3
Conductor (Aluminum) Outer Diameter 170 mm
Thickness 20 mm
Enclosure (Aluminum) Outer Diameter 460 mm
Thickness 10 mm
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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1 A.1.3 PALEXPO, Switzerland
2 Design Ratings:
Ur 300 kV
Ir 2000 A
UBIL 850 kV
Is 50 kA
3
4 In this application, two Circuits, totaling 3680 meters were installed using an SF 6/N2 gas mixture. The GIL
5 has a bending radius of 700 meters, accomplished using no elbows, and connects to an overhead line at the
6 Geneva Airport. The GIL was installed in 2001, and remains in service today. This GIL was installed
7 using a prefabrication tent at site.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 Commented [PJF2]: Remove Siemens from Tent
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1 Draft Guide for Application and User Guide for Gas-insulated Transmission Lines (GIL), Rated 72.5 kV and Above
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1 A.1.4 Laxiwa Hydro Electric Power Plant, China
2 Design Ratings:
Ur 800 kV
Ir 4000 A
UBIL 2100 kV
Is 63 kA
3
4 This application was installed inside a mountain for a hydroelectric power plant to reach the 800 kV
5 transmission system. It consisted of a 200 meter vertical shaft, as well as a 300 meter horizontal tunnel.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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1 A.2 Above Ground
2 A.2.1 Baxter Wilson Power Plant, Mississippi, USA
Ur 550 kV
Ir 4500 A
UBIL 1550 kV
Is 63 kA
3
4 This application consists of a single circuit GIL with SF6 to air bushing at each end of the line. Total length
5 is 1250 meters. This was installed in 2001, and was decommissioned in 2009. The bus was sent back to
6 the factory and reconditioned for use at a different site by the owner.
7 Several existing 550 kV and 242 kV lines crossed the required right of way for a new line. Elevating an air
8 insulated conductor and travelling over the existing 550 kV lines was not possible due to reliability
9 concerns. GIL below the existing lines was identified as an economical solution and helped meet the
10 continuous current duty of 4,000 amps at 500kV.
11 The application also included a portion of the circuit passing through a water retention area which floods to
12 several feet in the spring. GIL supported by pylons to keep it above the high water line addressed the need.
13 Expansion flexibility is achieved with mitered elbows and the bushings on the south end of the circuit are
14 allowed to slide +/- 6 inches on the fixed support structure, eliminating the need for bellows assemblies.
15
16
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1
2 A.2.2 Power Plant #9, Saudi Arabia
3 Design Ratings:
Ur 420 kV
Ir 1200 A at 55 °C
UBIL 1425 kV
Is 63 kA
4
5 GIL was selected in this application for high reliability in a demanding environment, high power transfer
6 capability, low losses and simplified installation requirements. The GIL is about 17km and connects eight
7 separate lines between the step-up power transformers and the plant’s 420kV GIS. The GIL is installed at
8 heights between 7 and 9 meters on steel supports.
9 The GIL design features include: extruded aluminum alloy tubes with welded flanges for bolted
10 connections, conical insulators with long creepage distances for conductors support and compartment
11 partitioning, and rollers fixed on steel supports to allow the free movements of the enclosures when
12 exposed to thermal variations. An outdoor moveable tent allowed the enclosures to be assembled in a
13 manner that avoided airborne contamination in dusty and windy conditions.
14
15
16
26
APPROVED DRAFT

1 A.2.3 Hams Hall, England
2 Design Ratings:
Ur 420 kV
Ir 4000 A
UBIL 1425 kV
Is 63 kA
3
4 This GIL connection is through an existing AIS 420-275kV substation, and is partly above ground (within
5 the substation) in a vertical formation and partly in covered concrete trenches (outside the substation).
6 Features of this design include: Low wear contacts, use of particle traps around contacts and in the
7 enclosures, conical insulators with long creepage distance, connection between enclosures by welding on
8 site, gas monitoring by electronic system using digital serial connections measurement and UHF sensors for
9 partial discharge measurement.
10
11
12
13
27
APPROVED DRAFT

1 A.3 Direct Burried
2 A.3.1 Hudson Switching Station
3 Design Requirements:
Ur 145 kV
Ir 2000 A
UBIL 650 kV
Is 63 kA/3 s
4
5 There are two GIL circuits totaling 1640 meters in length. Multiple elevation changes and odd angle bends
6 are used to follow the contours of the site. This allows optimized routings and minimized trenching
7 requirements.
8 Cathodic protection protects the aluminum enclosure from corrosion with polarization cells on each end of
9 the circuits to isolate the enclosure from ground and generate the correct corrosion potential voltage. Also,
10 the entire enclosure had a corrosion protection coating applied to the enclosure prior to leaving the factory.
11 After the welds joining the sections were completed, a corrosion protection tape was applied. This entire
12 coating was then checked in the field, and repairs were made prior to backfilling the GIL.
13 Extreme care needs to be taken whenever corrosion cathodic protection is used on an aluminum pipe or
14 equipment. Impressed current, magnesium anodes, etc., even zinc anodes can cause severe damage to the
15 aluminum. It is recommended to consult a corrosion expert or organization, such as the National
16 Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), before installing, or operating a corrosion protection scheme
17 for aluminum pipes or equipment.
18 The single phase GIL enclosure is solidly bonded at both ends to permit enclosure currents and minimal
19 external magnetic fields.
20 Each shipping section was 18 meters in length to comply with roadway transportation requirements. Field
21 welded connections are used on all direct buried connections.
22
28
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Annex B
2 (Informative)
3 Comparison of GIL, OHL, and XLPE Cable
4 The purpose of this Annex is to provide a comparison of the technical characteristics of GIL, overhead
5 lines and underground XLPE cable. Table B.1 shows typical values for the electrical characteristics of a
6 400 kV and 50 Hz GIL with a continuous thermal rating of 2000 MVA. Figure B.1 shows the differences
7 in losses between Overhead Lines, Cable, and GIL.
GIL OHL XLPE CABLE (2

PER PHASE)
Current Rating (A) 3000 3000 3000
Transmissible Power 2000 2000 2000
(MVA)
Resistive Losses 180 540 166
(W/m) @ 3000A
Dielectric Losses - 2.4 15
(W/m)
Total Losses (W/m) 180 542.4 181
AC Resistance (μ 6.7 20 6.0
Ω/m)
Inductance (nH/m) 162 892 189
Capacitance (pF/m) 68.6 13 426
Surge impedance (Ω) 48.6 263 21
8 Table B.1— Electrical Characteristics for 400 kV GIL, Overhead Lines, and Cable
9
W/m Comparison of GIL, Overhead Line and Cable

600
OHL
500 4 Cables
240mm2 cross section
With a 4/0 Steel Runner
400 Per Cable
300
200 XLPE Cable

2x1600 mm2
100
GIL
6000 mm2
0
Amps
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
MVA 350 700 1000 1400 1800
10
11 Figure B.1—Comparison of Losses of a 400 kV Overhead Line, XLPE Cable, and GIL
12 The single-phase GIL is solidly bonded at both ends and at intermediate points. The skin and proximity
13 effects are negligible. The basic insulation levels are according to IEEE Std C37.122 and IEC 62271-204.
29
APPROVED DRAFT

1 B.1.1 OHL, Cable and GIL Technical Points
2 Any planning study comparing the three technologies must first identify the basic requirements i.e. rated
3 voltage and current for the new line, reactive power compensation for cable installations and other points
4 identified below as the needs of the new application dictate.
5 Are there any limitations in the Right-of-way? OHL need a larger Right-of-way, than GIL or
6 cables. GIL and cables may require street opening permits and sigificant traffic congestions.
7 Which environmental aspects are important (aesthetic, EMF, severe external influences like storms,
8 ice, and vandalism)? GIL and cables are protected against most kinds of external influences.
9 Furthermore GIL has the lowest external magnetic field of any other kind of transmission line due
10 to the strong shielding effect of enclosure opposing current phasors. GIL may be an acceptable
11 solution when there is strong local opposition to a new transmission line since GIL significantly
12 reduces the environmental and magnetic impacts and hence it permits the transmission line to pass
13 through or near protected sites such as schools or through congested urban areas.
14 Which approval processes are necessary for the different systems and how long is the expected
15 duration for approval. A long approval process often causes higher project costs.
16 Are there any operational aspects to be considered, e.g. an underground section in line with OHL
17 may use auto-reclosure operation.
18 Depending on the installed length and the available short circuit current, a cable may require
19 reactive power compensation equipment [25]
20 Especially in tunnel installations and in other areas close to public access safety aspects can be of
21 importance, e.g. the risk of fire or explosion in case of a failure. In fact, there are many GIL
22 features which make GIL compatible with tunnel installations [24]
23 Electrodynamic forces during phase-to-enclosure faults are self-centering inside and negligible
24 outside the enclosure, hence any harmful effects to personnel or structures near the GIL are greatly
25 minimized.
26 Enclosure shielding during phase-to-enclosure faults is very effective, thus electromagnetic
27 interference with neighboring metallic structures or communications, signaling, or power supply
28 systems (e.g. railway supply systems) is avoided.
29 GIL can be considered incombustible because it is a closed gas system which has exclusively
30 metallic external surfaces.
31 GIL is designed to minimize external damage caused by high fault currents
30
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Annex C
2 (Informative)
3 Proposal Fill-in Data Table
4 The following table includes “fill-in” information that a user should supply to a manufacturer as part of the
5 initial bid.
Electrical Ratings User Request Manufacturer Supplied Units

Maximum Continuous Voltage kV
Frequency Hz
Rated Insulation Levels (BIL/SIL) kV
Rated Continuous Current A
Rated Momentary Withstand Current kA
Rated Short Circuit Current and Duration kA/S
Rated Control Voltage VAC/VDC
Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature Range (high/low) F (C)
Solar Radiations (peak/average) W/ft2 (W/m2)
Elevation Ft (m)
Maximum Wind Load MPH (KPH)
Maximum Ice Load Inch (mm)
Maximum Seismic Load Gg
System Configuration
User Provided
Plan, Profile & Route of GIL
Drawings
Length of GIL Ft (m)Foot
(Meter)
Bushing,
Direct
GIL Termination Type Transformer,
Direct Cables,
GIS Flange
6 Table C.1—Minumum Required Information for all Applications
Tunnels & Shafts User Request Manufacturer Supplied Units
Required Tunnel Cross Section (>3m Ft (m)
diameter)
Ventilation Shaft size and location Ft (m)
Air Temp at inlet (peak, daily average, F (C)
seasonal average)
Maximum Seismic Load Gg
Maximum Elevation change Ft (m)
Civil Conditions of the shaft
Size of Opening Ft (m)
Access and lift Support Systems
7 Table C.2—Required Information for Tunnel and Shaft Installations
31
APPROVED DRAFT

Direct Buried User Request Manufacturer Supplied Units
Soil Temperature (seasonal Average) F (C)
Required minimum laying depth Ft (m)
Thermal Soil Resistivity m-C/Watt
Core Boring Data Ft (m)
Depth of Water Table Ft (m)
Kind of Soil (sand, rock)
Mechanical soil Characteristics
Required loads after laying Lbs (N)
(agricultural/traffic)
Maximum Seismic Load gG
1 Table C.3—Required Information for Direct Buried Installations
Trench User Request Manufacturer Supplied Units
Required Trench Dimensions Iinches (mm)
Kind of Ventilation (Natural, Forced)
Air Temperature at inlet (peak, daily F (C)
average, seasonal average)
Maximum Seismic load Gg
Maximum Elevation Change Ft (m)
Civil Conditions
Drainage
Access and life support systems
2 Table C.4—Required Information for Trench Installations
32
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Annex D
2 (Informative)
3 Execution of a GIL Project-Planning and Engineering Process
4 The following flow-chart shows the different phases of a typical GIL project. Depending on the individual
5 project conditions variations in the different phases may occur. However, it is generally recommended to
6 contact the GIL manufacturers as early as possible in order to discuss the project and learn as much as
7 possible on potential solutions. It is generally more economic to discuss the work and technologies before
8 fixing the final route, since routing significantly influences the project costs.
33
APPROVED DRAFT

Initiation of a Project
Preliminary System Studies Needs Assessment
Routing
Pre Proposal Stage
Further Studies
Approval of Right of Way (ROW)
Preparation for Request for Proposal (RFQ)
Evaluation of Proposal
Project Implimentation
Detailed Design Phase With Approval
Manufacturing Phase
Installation Phase
Testing & Commissioning
Turnover to User
1
2 Figure D.1— Flowchart: Execution of GIL-Projects
34
APPROVED DRAFT

1 D.1 Initiation of a Project
2 The main reason for a project is the requirement for a new transmission line, e.g. the connection of new
3 load centers or new power plants to the grid or a new interconnection link due to load flow requirements.
4 Other reasons becoming more common today are a GIL substitution of an existing overhead line (OHL)
5 because of environmental considerations and the substitution of GIL an existing cable to upgrade the
6 existing connection while still using the existing corridor or right-of-way. In this initiation phase many
7 basic decisions are made. New power transmission lines approaches like using railroad tunnels, or traffic
8 tunnels with GIL should be explored at this time. In Europe, for instance, there are several proposals to
9 integrate GIL and railway or highway projects [21, 22, and 23] or to integrate GIL with natural features
10 [24] within the same corridor to optimize the rights-of-way needed for public services.
11 D.2 Preliminary System Studies / Need Assessment
12 The initial project concept is usually followed by a transmission network study. This study should indicate
13 the basic requirements of the new line. Important technical data will be finalized in this step including
14 ratings for transmission voltage, normal and maximum current, impedance of the line and its influence to
15 the existing network, short circuit rating and availability. Based on the actual load flow with and without
16 the new line under consideration, stability aspects, and the long term forecast, the basic requirements for
17 the new line should be determined
18 D.3 Routing
19 The general routing is given by the location of the new line. However, when discussing the detailed
20 routing, it is required to know the type of system to be installed because each type requires special
21 considerations, e.g. an OHL needs a large right of way, a cable needs a large bending radius, and a GIL
22 needs accessibility. A preliminary route should thus be chosen under consideration of the special
23 requirements of the chosen system.
24 D.4 Pre-Proposal Stage
25 Manufacturers can provide information that could help optimize the routing and the installation procedure.
26 The routing has a strong influence on the price, and often some minor changes in the route can significantly
27 decrease or increase the price. A pre-proposal ienquiry to different manufacturers with submission of all
28 information known at this stage enables the manufacturers to comment before decisions are made which
29 could result in unnecessary cost increases.
30 D.5 Further studies
31 Once the preliminary decision for the type of transmission system is made, the approximate route is fixed,
32 and the comments of different manufacturers have been received, then all of this project information is used
33 to finalize the studies.
34 With knowledge of the actual line length and line parameters, detailed transmission system studies of load
35 flow, compensation requirements and transient network behavior/insulation co-ordination can be
36 performed. These studies give the rating requirements for the new line.
37 It is important to know that the requirement of higher ratings (current and voltage) does not increase the
38 system costs of a GIL significantly. So, with respect to the future use of the GIL with its lifetime of 50
35
APPROVED DRAFT

1 years or more, it is recommended to consider the expected long-term load growth for the definition of the
2 required transmission capability.
3 Other studies or investigations that may be required include:
4 EMF requirements
5 Grounding parameters (soil resistance etc.)
6 Soil parameters of the route (Civil and Thermal)
7 Other important civil engineering aspects
8 Seismic studies
9 Enviornmental Impact Studies
10 D.6 Approval of the Right-of-way
11 In addition to the studies, the permit process to acquire the necessary Right-of-way should proceed. It is
12 recommended that the various manufacturers involved in the project confirm the route is satisfactory and
13 suitable for the installation and operation of their system.
14 D.7 Preparation of a Request for Proposal
15 When all necessary preliminary studies and pre-proposal discussions have been performed and all basic
16 data are conclusive, this information will form the foundation of the technical part of the request for
17 proposal. Details of information to be given with the proposal are given in Annex C and Section 4.4.
18 At this stage the question of the project implementation should be addressed. The project organization
19 depends on whether the user has an experienced engineering staff, a consulting company may be involved,
20 and a GIL manufacturer turn-key installation or a contracting company is the best approach. In any of the
21 approaches close cooperation between civil works and electrical works is essential for an economical and
22 efficient GIL project; so a turn-key installation including the civil works offers certain advantages.
23 When sending out the final request for proposal, all information and requirements (electrical, mechanical,
24 thermal and EMF) necessary for submission of firm quotations should be defined. This objective is reached
25 by conducting preliminary investigations, including pre-proposal discussions with manufacturers. The final
26 proposal should be limited to one technique (GIL, cable or OHL) to optimize civil works. If the user
27 decides to open the proposal for Cable and GIL, all relevant cost factors, technical advantages, and
28 environmental impacts should be considered during evaluation.
29 The commercial part of the request for proposal should include the evaluation parameters for all relevant
30 cost factors, not only the investment costs for the line. This is especially important when the aim is for an
31 economical comparison between different types of transmission technologies. An accurate economic
32 assessment must consider the overall costs and not only the initial investment. All expected operational
33 costs over the life span of the line should be taken into account [B26] [B27].
34 The following costs should be considered:
35 Initial costs: Transmission system including installation and commissioning, civil works, real estate and
36 cost for the right-of-way, additional equipment for cooling, reactive power compensation, fire fighting,
37 ventilation, EMF shielding, monitoring equipment
38 Operational costs: should evaluate cost of losses for life time, life time (Maintenance) cost of equipment,
39 risk of failures, and calculated expense for outages / repairs depending on expected availability figures.
36
APPROVED DRAFT

1 D.8 Evaluation of Proposals
2 The potential manufacturers have now presented their proposals on how to meet the requirements specified
3 by the user and they have provided their cost proposals. If the addition of relevant additional costs, results
4 in an overall project price increase further negotiations are in order.
5 Due to the nature of GIL there should be detailed discussions between user and manufacturers to ensure Formatted: Not Highlight
6 that each manufacturer fully understands the user's requirements and at the end of such discussions and
7 final evaluations the user will invite manufacturers for final contract negotiations ending up with the
8 signing of a contract.
9 The contract must include the following items:
10 a detailed description of the scope of supplies and services

11 a detailed description of all interfaces to others (civil works, secondary equipment, other equipment
12 suppliers, etc.) with a clear definition of the related responsibilities
13 an outline description of the installation requirements and procedure (available space, accessibility,
14 etc...), because these factors are of major importance for the installation costs and time.
15 a project time schedule
16 a detailed description of all required regulatory approvals and a clear definition as to which party is
17 responsible for obtaining each regulatory approval.
18 The clear definition of the responsibilities and the time schedule is of major importance because of the
19 strong dependence of GIL installation on progress and quality of the civil works.
20 D.9 Project implementation
21 D.9.1 Detailed design phase with approval procedure
22 When the order is placed and other possible contract conditions have been fulfilled, the manufacturer starts
23 the detailed engineering of the installation.
24 During this activity all related parties (electrical, civil, consultants etc.) should perform one or more
25 "Design Reviews", to ensure that all items are covered and addressed according to the original Formatted: Not Highlight
26 requirements. At this stage an organization chart incorporating all responsible parties and identifying all
27 individuals working on the project should be published.
28 The final design is to be approved by the user. The user and manufacturer should ensure continuity of Formatted: Not Highlight
29 technical agreements reached before and during contract negotiations.
30 So as not to delay the progress of the project, it is important to also establish efficient approval procedures
31 including firm deadlines for submission and approval of information subject to acceptance by the user.
32 The design work concerning arrangement of equipment and grounding systems should be completed before
33 the commencement of civil works.
34 D.9.2 Manufacturing Phase
35 GIL consists mainly of inner conductor, outer enclosure and insulators and usually only a few other special
36 elements. The manufacturing for the tubes is limited to preparation for assembly, so this work is often done
37
APPROVED DRAFT

1 directly at site in parallel with the assembly. An alternative approach to site assembly is factory assembly
2 and testing of complete GIL sections. This alternative approach is often used for shorter GIL’s.
3 Environmental protection (e.g. ISO 14000 series) and quality assurance at the site is of major importance
4 for the quality of the installation. An inspection and test plan according to a Quality Assurance Plan (e. g.
5 ISO 9000 series), showing all the checks and tests of various parts performed on the GIL should therefore
6 be agreed upon by the user.
7 D.9.3 Installation Phase
8 In order to reduce the overall project time, the installation of GIL usually starts before the civil works are
9 ended. Close co-operation between civil works and GIL installation at site is essential in this step. The
10 better the project schedule and responsibilities are defined during contract phase and followed by the
11 involved parties, the better the project will proceed.
12 The GIL installation is typically completed by the manufacturer because experience and special skills are
13 necessary. The manufacturer often has special tools available (e.g. mechanized welding equipment), which
14 helps reduce the installation time to a minimum. However, if the user wants to reduce the installation costs
15 his personnel under the guidance or a manufacturer’s representative is another approach.
16 D.9.4 Testing and commissioning
17 Recommendations for testing and commissioning are given in IEC 61640. However, depending on
18 manufacturers experience and practice, equivalent tests might be suggested and performed.
19 D.9.5 Operation
20 With formal acceptance, the user takes responsibility for the installation. Before formal acceptance the final
21 “as-built” documentation shall be provided to the user.
22 The documentation shall consist: An operation and maintenance manual, a set of as-built-drawings of the
23 line and the QA-documentation (test certificates and confirmations) including gas tests and high voltage
24 test results. The supplier shall also provide a detailed description of the warranty including any negotiated
25 extended provisions.
38
APPROVED DRAFT

1 Annex E
2 (Informative)
3 Bibliography
4 Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be
5 understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use
6 only.
7 [B1] H. Koch: "Underground gas insulated cables show promise", Siemens AG Power Transmission &
8 Distribution Group, MPS REVIEW, May 1997, pp.21-24.
9 [B2] IEC 61640 “Rigid high-voltage, gas-insulated transmission lines for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and
10 above"
11 [B3] CIGRE WG 23.02, Task Force 01, "Guide for SF6 gas mixtures (application and handling in
12 electrical power equipment)", CIGRE Brochure 163, 2000.
13 [B4] D. Feldmann, Y. Maugain, M. Bourdet, M. Hopkins, P.M. Lanquetin: "Development of a directly
14 buried 400 kV Gas Insulated Line technology", CIGRE Session 2000, Report 21/23/33-02
15 [B5] CIGRE Brochure 351 “Application of Long High Capacity Gas-Insulated Lines in Structures “
16 [B6] P. O'Connell and all (CIGRE WG23.02), "SF6 in the Electric Industry, Status 2000", Electra n°200,
17 February 2002, pp16-25
18 [B7] H. Koch, A. Schütte: “Review of gas insulated transmission lines for high power transmission over
19 long distances”, IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Berlin, 06/97
20 [B8] A. Chakir, H. Koch: “Numerical solution for a turbulent natural convection in cylindrical horizontal
21 annuli”, ASME-Journal 2000
22 [B9] H. Koch, “Optimized pipeline for electricity,” Power Today, pp. 6–9,2001
23 [B10] O. Völcker, H. Koch: “Insulation co-ordination for gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL)”, IEEE
24 Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 1, January 2001, PE-102 PRD
25 [B11] C. Henningsen, G. Kaul, H. Koch, A. Schütte, R. Plath: “Electrical and Mechanical Long-Time
26 Behaviour of Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines”, CIGRE Session 2000, Paris
27 [B12] A. Chakir, H. Koch: “Thermal Calculation for Buried Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) and
28 XLPE-Cable”, IEEE Winter Power Meeting 2001, Columbus
29 [B13] A. Chakir, H. Koch: “Long Term Test of Buried Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)”, IEEE
30 WPM 2002, New York
31 [B14] A. Chakir, H. Koch: “Turbulent Natural Convection and Thermal Behaviour of Cylindrical Gas-
32 Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)”, IEEE PES Summer Meeting, Vancouver 2001
33 [B15] A. Chakir, H. Koch: “Corrosion Protection for Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines”, IEEE Summer
34 Meeting, Chicago, 2002
35 [B16] J. Alter, M. Ammann, W. Boeck, W. Degen, A. Diessner, H. Koch, F. Renaud, S. Pöhler: “N2/SF6
36 gas-insulated line of a new GIL generation in service”, CIGRE Session 2002, Paris
37 [B17] H. Koch, G. Schoeffner: “Gas-Insulated Transmission Line - To Solve Transmission Tasks of the
38 Future”, IPEC Conference 2003, Singapore
39 [B18] H. Koch: “Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL)” , IEEE General Meeting 2003, Toronto
39
APPROVED DRAFT

1 [B19] R. Benato, E. M. Carlini, C. Di Mario, L. Fellin, A. Paolucci, R. Turri: "Gas Insulated Transmission
2 Lines in Railway Galleries", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, Issue 2, April 2005, pp. 704-709.
3 [B20] R. Benato, E. M. Carlini, C. Di Mario, L. Fellin, G. Knollseisen, M. Laußegger, M. Muhr, H. Wörle,
4 R. Woschitz: "Gas Insulated Transmission Lines in Railway Galleries – Part II", Proceedings of IEEE St.
5 Petersburg Power Tech'05 Conference, 27-30 June 2005, S. Petersburgh, Russia.
6 [B21] R. Benato, P. Brunello, E.M. Carlini, C. Di Mario, L. Fellin, G. Knollseisen, M. Laußegger, M.
7 Muhr, A. Paolucci, W. Stroppa, H. Wörle, R. Woschitz: Italy-Austria GIL in the new planned railway
8 galleries Fortezza-Innsbruck under Brenner Pass, CIGRE Session 2006, PAPER B1-304, Paris.
9 [B22] R. Benato, C. Di Mario, H. Koch: "High capability applications of Long Gas Insulated Lines in
10 Structures", Proceedings of IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, May 2006, Dallas; also
11 accepted for publication in IEEE. Trans. on Power Delivery.
12 [B23] R. Benato, A. Paolucci: Operating Capability of Long AC EHV Transmission Cables, Electric
13 Power Systems Research, Vol. 75/1, July 2005, pp. 17-27.
14 [B24] R. Benato, D. Capra, R. Conti, M. Gatto, A. Lorenzoni, M. Marazzi, G. Paris, F. Sala:
15 Methodologies to assess the interaction of network, environment and territory in planning transmission
16 lines, CIGRE Session 2006, PAPER C3-208, Paris.
17 [B25] R. Benato, M. Del Brenna, C. Di Mario, A. Lorenzoni, E. Zaccone: A New Procedure to Compare
18 the Social Costs of EHV-HV Overhead Lines and Underground XLPE Cables, CIGRE Session 2006,
19 PAPER B1-301, Paris.
20 [B26] R. Benato, F. Dughiero, M. Forzan, A. Paolucci: "Proximity Effect and Magnetic Field Calculation
21 in GIL and in Isolated Phase Bus Ducts", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol.38, No2, Mar. 2002, pp.
22 781–784.
23 [B27] R. Benato, F. Dughiero: "Solution of Coupled Electromagnetic and Thermal Problems in Gas
24 Insulated Transmission Lines", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol.39, No3, May 2003, pp. 1741 – 1744.
25 [B28] R. Benato, L. Fellin: “Magnetic field computation for gas insulated lines installed in gallery",
26 Proceedings of 39th Universities' Power Engineering Conference – UPEC 2004. Bristol, UK, September 6-
27 8, 2004; Vol. I pp.6-10.
28 [B29] CIGRE Brochure 150 “Report on the 2nd international survey on high voltage gas insulated
29 substations (GIS) service experience.”
30 [B30] .L. Hand, K. Tieszen: “Gas-Insulated Conductor Used in Unique 1000-ft Vertical Granite Shaft"
31 Transmission and Distribution, March 1991
32 [B31] IEEE C37.122.1TM. IEEE Guide for Gas Insulated Substation Formatted: IEEEStds Bibliographic Entry
33 [B32] IEEE Std 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding
34 [B33] IEEE Std C37.123TM, IEEE Specification for GIS Electric Power Substation Equipment
35 [B34] IEEE Std C37.122.5, Guide for Moisture Measurement and Control in SF6 Gas-Insulated Equipment
36 [B35] ASTM D2472, Standard Specification for Sulfur Hexafluoride
37 [B36] IEEE Std C37.122.3TM, IEEE SF6Gas Handling Guide
38 [B37] CIGRE 360. Insulation Co-Ordination related to 1 Internal Insulation of Gas Insulated Systems with
39 SF6 and N2/SF6 Gas Mixtures under AC Condition (Brochure)
40 [B30] Formatted: No bullets or numbering
40

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PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Copyright © 20152014 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

PDF: ISBN 978-0-XXXX-XXXX-X STDXXXXX

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PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

43 Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address:

44 Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

2 Laws and regulations

14 Updating of IEEE documents

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

4 Patrick Fitzgerald, Chair

25 [To be supplied by IEEE]

26 Balloter1 29 Balloter4 32 Balloter7

38 [To be supplied by IEEE]

43 SBMember1 46 SBMember4 49 SBMember7

55 <Name>, DOE Representative

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

1 Draft Guide for Application and User

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

14 IEEE Std C37.122 TM, IEEE Standard for Gas-Insulated Substations

15 IEEE C37.122.1TM. IEEE Guide for Gas Insulated Substation

18 IEEE Std 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding

19 IEEE Std 693, IEEE Recommended Practice of Seismic Design of Substations

28 CIGRE 218, Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) (Brochure)

29 ASTM D2472, Standard Specification for Sulfur Hexafluoride

31 CIGRE 276, SF6Gas Handling Guide (Brochure)

32 32 IEEE Std C37.122.3TM, IEEE SF6Gas Handling Guide

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

17 4. Technical Details of GIL

PC37.122.4/DK, December 2015

3 4.2 Typical Installations

27 Examples of typical GIL installations are shown in Annex A.

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18 Some of the environmental features include:

32 4.4 Influence of GIL on the Transmission Network

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10 4.5 Temperature Design Criteria

16 4.6 Seismic Aspects

17 Seismic analysis should be performed as stated in IEEE Std 693.

27 4.7.1 SF6/Air Bushings

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4 4.8 Installation Criteria

14 4.8.2 Gas Compartmentalization

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3 Figure 2 —Gas Compartment Arrangement

11 Each of the gas compartments should be evacuated and filled individually.

12 4.8.3 Pre-Construction Material Storage

15 4.8.4 Shipping Assemblies

19 4.9 Testing Criteria

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2 4.10.1 Low Electromagnetic Fields

11 4.10.2 Minimized Losses

18 4.11 Technical Data to be given in the Request for Proposal

21 4.11.1 Other Information Required

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9 5. Detailed Project Implementation and Service

3 Direct supply from the local distribution system