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E D IA MONDSHAPEELASTOMERIC
BEARINGPADS
IN KUALA LIPISBRIDGE
ElastomericBridge Bearings/SkewedBridges/BridgeRehabiIitation
l r . W ong W ai Ching
Pr o j e c tMa n a g e me nU
t n i t (E d u cation)Building
, Br anch,PublicW or ks Depar t m ent
Headquarter,Malaysia
Dr . Ng See King
Bridge Unit, Roads Branch, Public Works Department Headquarter,Malaysia
lr. Leow Choon Heng is currentlyan AssistantDirectorof the BridgeUnit, Roads Brancn,
PublicWorksDepartment(PWD)Headquarter. He obtainedhis BSc in CivilEngineering
from
U n i v e r s i t yo f Mi a mi ,C o ra l Ga b l e s,Flor idain 1985 and MSc with Distinctionin C onc r ete
Technology,Construction and Management from the Universityof Dundee,Scotlandin 1g97.
He specializesin concretedurability,assessmentand repair evaluationof deteriorated
reinforcedconcretebridgestructuresand in the testingof materials.He has over 15 yearsof
workingexperiencein thisfield.
lr. Wong Wai Chinggraduatedfrom the Universityof Malayain 1976.He obtainedhis Master
of Engineering(Transportation) from Asian lnstituteof TechnologyBangkokin 1990.He has
held various positionswith the Public Works DepartmentMalaysiasince 1g76 and has
extensive experience in the design and constructionof rural roads, highway and
transportation
engineering,bridgeengineeringand projectmanagement.Presently,he is the
ProjectDirectorresponsiblefor educationalprojects.
Dr. Ng See King has worked for PWD Malaysia since graduationin 1980 in different
capacities.Spentmost of his careerwith the BridgeUnit and have been responsiblefor the
draftingof JKR BridgeLoadingSpecification,creationof JKR's in-housecomputerised Bridge
ManagementSystemand many bridgerelatedstudies.CurrentlySeniorAssistantDirectorin
chargeof bridgeassessment,inspectionand maintenance. His researchinterestsare bridge
inspection, maintenance and assessmentespeciallyin use of new toolssuch as, GlS, neural
networks,structuralreliability
theoryetc.
1. BA C K GR OU N D
1.1 TheBridge
This bridgeservedas a vital link acrossLipis Riverto TanjungLipis.For the road adjoining
TanjungLipisto Kerambitat the Jerantutborder,the constructionof the new roadworksonly
commencedin early1995and was completedin December1998.The bridgewas traversedby
heavyvehiculartraffic
in early 1995with the mobilisation
of heavyconstruction equipmentand
transportation
of materialsfor the roadworksconstruction.Presently,the trafficvolume is low
eventhough the roadworkshad beencompletedsince1gg8.
1 . 2 T h e Pr o b l e m
a:iE=;?E=:
;ifi,:;*tr::t
Leqend : -
A Fixed End tL BearingPad Position
@ FreeEnd | 'walked'Bearing pad
% .'Qon
.'oo'
5*
o'b
tP0XrMCRIAR \ )rt
I ORrctNAt
P05TtoN
I
DIRTC-IONOF TRAFFIC
<i>-
'r1
!a
PIER
'WALKtD
!IARiNGPAD
2 . 1 Observations
PROPERTY REQUIREMENT
OBSERVED
855400 (1983)
TensileStrength,MPa I t.c 1 5 . 5m i n i m u m
Elongation at Break,% 430 450min i m um
H a r d n e s sI ,R H D 54 55
Compression Set, (22hft1oC), %o 18 30 m axi m um
BondStrength,N/mm 19.1R;17.3R 7 minimum
20.6R; 19.8R
OzoneResistance No Cracks No Cracks
(2lpphml20%strain/96h/3Oo C)
Propertiesafter acceleratedage ng in air, 7 days at 70uC
Changein TensileStrength,% -16 1 5m a x i m u m
Changein Elongation at Break,% -o 20 maximum
C h a n g ei n H a r d n e s sI ,R H D 4 10maximum
Rotational
Movement
Traffic DeformationDue to
Temperature
DeformationUnderVertical
\ Load
Component
of Rotational
Force
3. I N ST AL L A T ION
OF N E W B E ARINGS
- 4 0 0 x 2 5 0 x 5 6 m mT H I C K
L A M I N A TRELDB B EERi A R I N G
PADVULCANIZED V/I-HPLATI
,'
/ I,IORTAR
EPOX
o
G\
3.1 JackingSystem
As the precast beams for each span are connectedby diaphragmbeams, these 65 tons
hydrauliccapacityjacks shallbe placeddirectlyunderneaththe end Oiaphragm beam at close
proximityto the precastbeams.ln total, 12 numbersof 65 tons capacityhydraulicjacks were
used.The liftingoperationwas conductedby simultaneous jackingof 12 cylinders
with G pumps
to synchronizethe jackingoperation.Each jack was attachedwith an individualcontroivalve
and pressuregauge.With this arrangement, jackswas possible.This
adjustmentto individual
was importantbecauselocalizedadjustmentwould be necessaryto levelup the precastbeams
that might have tilted.The possibleoccurrenceof overstressin the bridgeduring the jacking
operationwouldbe negligible.
3.2 PrecautionaryMeasures
The replacement worksbeganwithjackingand liftingup the end of each span of the bridgedeck
superstructureto relievethe existingbearingsfrom the dead and live loads action.The work
sequencethat followedconsistedof :
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
l0
This phenomenonis also observedin anotherskewed bridgeover Jegor River in the state of
Kelantan(Sani,1998).The bridge,skewedat 400,was foundto haverotatedand displaced. On
the otherhand,existingliterature(Park,1984;TRB, 1977)reportsthat elastomericbearingpads
tend to movefor extremelyskewedbridgedecks.Accordingto these reports,it is the geometry
of the bridgedeck ratherthan the shape of the bearingpad that has causedthe belrinqs to
move. From PWD experience,out of 22 bridgeswith skews of over 400 and installedwith
rectangular elastomericbearings,none of them has any problemof walked bearings.This
showsthat in the KualaLipisBridge,the diamondshapeof the bearingshasactuallycausedthe
dislocationof the bearingpads.Basedon this observation,
the MalaysianStandardCommittee
on ElastomericBearing had thus expresslyconfinedthe draft new standardto rectangular
bearings.
5.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
References:
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