Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ÿÿ
7ÿ567
I
"/£)*( ¤$,$0$¥*$ ¦§¨)(/0( ©'0ª$«( ¬).®'«/0 ¦*'§$.1
¯°±²³´ÿ¶°·¸¹ÿ̄º»¼½¾¸¹ÿ¿°²»¸ ÿ
"#$ÿ&'()*(ÿ+,ÿ-'.$ÿ"#$/01
;ÿ3C<5Bÿ ?GB7; ÿMY ÿ
2345ÿ7859:;ÿ<=ÿ785ÿ>:9?5==ÿ9@ÿ49A5B<CDÿ785ÿ=7:375D<?ÿ<C75:3?7<9CÿE57F55Cÿ7F9ÿ9:ÿ49:5ÿ>B3;5:=ÿ<Cÿ3
=<7G37<9Cÿ?9C73<C<CDÿ=57ÿ:GB5=ÿ3CAÿ9G7?945=HÿI8<B5ÿG=5Aÿ<Cÿ3ÿCG4E5:ÿ9@ÿA<=?<>B<C5=JÿD345ÿ7859:;ÿ<=
49=7ÿC973EB;ÿG=5Aÿ3=ÿ3ÿ799BÿF<78<Cÿ785ÿ=7GA;ÿ9@ÿ5?9C94<?=HÿK85ÿ5?9C94<?ÿ3>>B<?37<9Cÿ9@ÿD345
7859:;ÿ?3CÿE5ÿ3ÿL3BG3EB5ÿ799Bÿ79ÿ3<A5ÿ<Cÿ785ÿ@GCA345C73Bÿ3C3B;=<=ÿ9@ÿ<CAG=7:<5=Jÿ=5?79:=ÿ3CAÿ3C;
=7:375D<?ÿ<C75:3?7<9CÿE57F55Cÿ7F9ÿ9:ÿ49:5ÿ@<:4=HÿM5:5JÿF5NBBÿ73O5ÿ3Cÿ<C7:9AG?79:;ÿB99Oÿ37ÿD345
7859:;ÿ3CAÿ785ÿ75:4=ÿ<CL9BL5AJÿ3CAÿ<C7:9AG?5ÿ;9Gÿ79ÿ3ÿ=<4>B5ÿ45789Aÿ9@ÿ=9BL<CDÿD345=Jÿ?3BB5A
E3?OF3:A=ÿ<CAG?7<9CH
PQRSTSUSVTWÿ
YC;ÿ7<45ÿF5ÿÿ83L5ÿ3ÿ=<7G37<9CÿF<78ÿ7F9ÿ9:ÿ49:5ÿ>B3;5:=ÿ7837ÿ<CL9BL5=ÿOC9FCÿ>3;9G7=ÿ9:ÿZG3C7<@<3EB5
?9C=5ZG5C?5=JÿF5ÿ?3CÿG=5ÿD345ÿ7859:;ÿ79ÿ85B>ÿA575:4<C5ÿ785ÿ49=7ÿB<O5B;ÿ9G7?945=Hÿ
[57N=ÿ=73:7ÿ9G7ÿE;ÿA5@<C<CDÿ3ÿ@5Fÿ75:4=ÿ?9449CB;ÿG=5Aÿ<Cÿ785ÿ=7GA;ÿ9@ÿD345ÿ7859:;\ ÿ
]^_`aÿYC;ÿ=57ÿ9@ÿ?<:?G4=73C?5=ÿ7837ÿ83=ÿ3ÿ:5=GB7ÿA5>5CA5C7ÿ9Cÿ785ÿ3?7<9C=ÿ9@ÿ7F9ÿ9@ÿ49:5
A5?<=<9Cÿ43O5:=ÿbc>B3;5:=cd
ef^g`hiaÿYÿ=7:375D<?ÿA5?<=<9Cÿ43O5:ÿF<78<Cÿ785ÿ?9C75j7ÿ9@ÿ785ÿD345
klh^l`mgaÿYÿ?94>B575ÿ>B3Cÿ9@ÿ3?7<9Cÿ3ÿ>B3;5:ÿF<BBÿ73O5ÿD<L5Cÿ785ÿ=57ÿ9@ÿ?<:?G4=73C?5=ÿ7837
4<D87ÿ3:<=5ÿF<78<Cÿ785ÿD345
e^gnoaÿK85ÿ>3;9G7ÿ3ÿ>B3;5:ÿ:5?5<L5=ÿ@:94ÿ3::<L<CDÿ37ÿ3ÿ>3:7<?GB3:ÿ9G7?945HÿK85ÿ>3;9G7ÿ?3CÿE5
<Cÿ3C;ÿZG3C7<@<3EB5ÿ@9:4Jÿ@:94ÿA9BB3:=ÿ79ÿG7<B<7;H
qrsnh_^ltnrÿk`laÿK85ÿ<C@9:437<9Cÿ3L3<B3EB5ÿ37ÿ3ÿD<L5Cÿ>9<C7ÿ<Cÿ785ÿD345HÿK85ÿ75:4ÿ<C@9:437<9C
=57ÿ<=ÿ49=7ÿG=G3BB;ÿ3>>B<5AÿF85Cÿ785ÿD345ÿ83=ÿ3ÿ=5ZG5C7<3Bÿ?94>9C5C7H
uvwtftxhtw_aÿK85ÿ>9<C7ÿ<Cÿ3ÿD345ÿF85:5ÿE978ÿ>B3;5:=ÿ83L5ÿ43A5ÿ785<:ÿA5?<=<9C=ÿ3CAÿ3C
9G7?945ÿ<=ÿ:53?85AH
yWWz{|USVTW
Y=ÿF<78ÿ3C;ÿ?9ÿC?5>7ÿ<Cÿ5?9C94<?=Jÿ785:5ÿ<=ÿ785ÿ3==G4>7<9Cÿ9@ÿ:37<9C3B<7;HÿK85:5ÿ<=ÿ3B=9ÿ3Cÿ3==G4>7<9C MKÿ~~K~
9@ÿ43j<4<}37<9CHÿ~7ÿ<=ÿ3==G45Aÿ7837ÿ>B3;5:=ÿF<78<Cÿ785ÿD345ÿ3:5ÿ:37<9C3Bÿ3CAÿF<BBÿ=7:<L5ÿ79ÿ43j<4<}5
785<:ÿ>3;9=ÿ<Cÿ785ÿD345HÿbK85ÿZG5=7<9Cÿ9@ÿ:37<9C3B<7;ÿ83=ÿE55Cÿ3>>B<5Aÿ79ÿ<CL5=79:ÿE583L<9:ÿ3=ÿF5BBH 3B3C?5ÿ8557
53Aÿr`hil^rtrmÿqr`ilnhÿ`
^tnhÿ79ÿB53:Cÿ49:5Hd :9@<7ÿ 3:D<C
?9C94<5=ÿ@ÿ?3B5
I85Cÿ5j34<C<CDÿD345=ÿ7837ÿ3:5ÿ3B:53A;ÿ=57ÿG>Jÿ<7ÿ<=ÿ3==G45Aÿ9Cÿ;9G:ÿE583B@ÿ7837ÿ785ÿ>3;9G7=ÿB<=75A ¡3=8ÿB9F
<C?BGA5ÿ785ÿ=G4ÿ9@ÿ3BBÿ>3;9=ÿ7837ÿ3:5ÿ3==9?<375AÿF<78ÿ7837ÿ9G7?945HÿK8<=ÿF<BBÿ5j?BGA5ÿ3C;ÿcF837ÿ<@c ZG<7;
ZG5=7<9C=ÿ7837ÿ43;ÿ3:<=5H
3:C<CD=ÿ5:ÿ83:5ÿ¢ÿ
K85ÿCG4E5:ÿ9@ÿ>B3;5:=ÿ<Cÿ3ÿD345ÿ?3Cÿ7859:57<?3BB;ÿE5ÿ<C@<C<75JÿEG7ÿ49=7ÿD345=ÿF<BBÿE5ÿ>G7ÿ<C79ÿ785
?9C75j7ÿ9@ÿ7F9ÿ>B3;5:=HÿC5ÿ9@ÿ785ÿ=<4>B5=7ÿD345=ÿ<=ÿ3ÿ=5ZG5C7<3BÿD345ÿ<CL9BL<CDÿ7F9ÿ>B3;5:=H
VSTÿQzQTUSÿ{QWÿWSTÿW
TzUSVTÿ
5B9Fÿ<=ÿ3ÿ=<4>B5ÿ=5ZG5C7<3BÿD345ÿE57F55Cÿ7F9
>B3;5:=HÿK85ÿB3E5B=ÿF<78ÿB3;5:ÿÿ3CAÿ7F9ÿF<78<Cÿ7854
3:5ÿ785ÿ<C@9:437<9Cÿ=57=ÿ@9:ÿ>B3;5:=ÿ9C5ÿ9:ÿ7F9J
:5=>5?7<L5B;HÿK85ÿCG4E5:=ÿ<Cÿ785ÿ>3:5C785=5=ÿ37ÿ785
E97794ÿ9@ÿ785ÿ7:55ÿ3:5ÿ785ÿ>3;9=ÿ37ÿ53?8ÿ:5=>5?7<L5
>9<C7Jÿ<Cÿ785ÿ@9:437ÿbB3;5:ÿJÿB3;5:ÿdHÿK85ÿD345ÿ<=
3B=9ÿ=5ZG5C7<3BJÿ=9ÿB3;5:ÿÿ43O5=ÿ785ÿ@<:=7ÿA5?<=<9C
bB5ÿ9:ÿ:<D87dÿ3CAÿB3;5:ÿÿ43O5=ÿ<7=ÿA5?<=<9Cÿ35:
B3;5:ÿÿbG>ÿ9:ÿA9FCdH
ÀÁÁÂÿÄÅÆÇÈÉÿÊÇÆËÇÌÍÿÎÏÐÈÿÑÐÅÈÿÒÿÓÐÏÇ
"#$%&'ÿ)
,-./0-&12ÿ#31%.4#536ÿ7#/'ÿ-77ÿ$-8'ÿ49'5&:6ÿ%2'2ÿ49'ÿ-22%8;4#532ÿ5<ÿ&-4#53-7#4:ÿ-31ÿ8-=#8#>-4#536
8'-3#3$ÿ49-4ÿ?7-:'&ÿ*ÿ0#77ÿ8-=#8#>'ÿ9#2ÿ;-:5@ÿ#3ÿ-3:ÿ$#A'3ÿ2#4%-4#53BÿC4ÿ'#49'&ÿ#3<5&8-4#53ÿ2'4ÿ0'
9-A'ÿ405ÿ.95#.'26ÿ<5%&ÿ#3ÿ-77Bÿ,:ÿ'7#8#3-4#3$ÿ49'ÿ.95#.'2ÿ49-4ÿ?7-:'&ÿ*ÿ0#77ÿ354ÿ.9552'6ÿ0'ÿ.-3ÿ3-&&50
1503ÿ5%&ÿ4&''BÿD3ÿ49#2ÿ0-:6ÿ0'ÿ0#77ÿE571ÿ49'ÿ7#3'2ÿ49-4ÿ8-=#8#>'ÿ49'ÿ;7-:'&F2ÿ;-:5@ÿ-4ÿ49'ÿ$#A'3
#3<5&8-4#53ÿ2'4B
H&-1#3$ÿK'34'&
"#$%&'ÿ*
CG'&ÿ49#2ÿ&'1%.4#536ÿ?7-:'&ÿ)ÿ.-3ÿ8-=#8#>'ÿ#42ÿ;-:5@2ÿ350ÿ49-4ÿ?7-:'&ÿ*F2ÿ.95#.'2ÿ-&'ÿ8-1'ÿ/3503B
H9'ÿ&'2%74ÿ#2ÿ-3ÿ'I%#7#E&#%8ÿ<5%31ÿE:ÿE-./0-&12ÿ#31%.4#53ÿ5<ÿ?7-:'&ÿ)ÿ.9552#3$ÿJ&#$94Jÿ-31ÿ?7-:'&ÿ*
.9552#3$ÿJ%;JBÿ,'750ÿ#2ÿ49'ÿ257%4#53ÿ45ÿ49'ÿ$-8'ÿ0#49ÿ49'ÿ'I%#7#E&#%8ÿ;-49ÿE571'1B ?-&43'&ÿO#3/2
"#$%&'ÿ+
"5&ÿ'=-8;7'6ÿ53'ÿ.5%71ÿ'-2#7:ÿ2'4ÿ%;ÿ-ÿ$-8'ÿ2#8#7-&ÿ45ÿ49'ÿ53'ÿ-E5A'ÿ%2#3$ÿ.58;-3#'2ÿ-2ÿ49'
;7-:'&2BÿH9#2ÿ$-8'ÿ.5%71ÿ#3.7%1'ÿ;&51%.4ÿ&'7'-2'ÿ2.'3-4BÿD<ÿK58;-3:ÿ)ÿ0-34'1ÿ45ÿ&'7'-2'ÿ-
;&51%.46ÿ09-4ÿ8#$94ÿK58;-3:ÿ*ÿ15ÿ#3ÿ&'2;532'LÿM#77ÿK58;-3:ÿ*ÿ&'7'-2'ÿ-ÿ2#8#7-&ÿ.58;'4#3$
;&51%.4Lÿ,:ÿ<5&'.-24#3$ÿ2-7'2ÿ5<ÿ49#2ÿ3'0ÿ;&51%.4ÿ#3ÿ1#@'&'34ÿ2.'3-Ȏÿ0'ÿ.-3ÿ2'4ÿ%;ÿ-ÿ$-8'ÿ45
;&'1#.4ÿ950ÿ'A'342ÿ8#$94ÿ%3<571Bÿ,'750ÿ#2ÿ-3ÿ-74'&N'=-8;7'ÿ5<ÿ950ÿ53'ÿ8#$94ÿ851'7ÿ2%.9ÿ-ÿ$-8'B
QRRSÿUVWXYZÿ[XW\X]^ÿ_`aYÿbaVYÿcÿda`X
#$%&'(ÿ*
+,-./&0$,-
ÿ /(ÿ3(56,70ÿ,8ÿ%93(ÿ56(,'2:ÿ;(ÿ.9-ÿ0,/<(ÿ8,'ÿ;695ÿ;,&/7ÿ=(ÿ9ÿ.,-8&0$-%ÿ9''92ÿ,8
12ÿ&0$-%ÿ0$34
,&5.,3(0ÿ$-ÿ9ÿ'(9/>;,'/7ÿ0$5&95$,-?ÿ@0$-%ÿ%93(ÿ56(,'2ÿ90ÿ9ÿ5,,/ÿ8,'ÿ8$-9-.$9/ÿ9-9/20$0ÿ.9-ÿ=(ÿ<('2
6(/48&/ÿ$-ÿ0,'5$-%ÿ,&5ÿ4,5(-5$9//2ÿ3(002ÿ'(9/>;,'/7ÿ0$5&95$,-0:ÿ8',3ÿ3('%('0ÿ5,ÿ4',7&.5ÿ'(/(90(0?
ABCDEBFÿDAEG+CBH
EB+I
I,;ÿE6(ÿJ$7(,ÿK93(ÿG-7&05'2ÿG0ÿ+69-%$-%
J$7(,ÿ%93(ÿ.'(95$,-ÿ690ÿ=(.,3(ÿ$-.'(90$-%/2ÿ.,34/(L:ÿ9-7ÿ56(ÿ.,05ÿ,8ÿ.'(95$-%ÿ9
%93(ÿ5,ÿ'&-ÿ,-ÿ,-(ÿ,8ÿ56(ÿ39M,'ÿ.,-0,/(0ÿ690ÿ'$0(-ÿ;$56ÿ56$0ÿ%'(95('ÿ.,34/(L$52?
HNOPHOABFÿ+OPEBPE
E6(ÿB@ÿ$0ÿ59Q$-%ÿ4('0,-9/ÿ7959ÿ4',5(.5$,-ÿ<('2ÿ0('$,&0/2
1SÿHDH
E6(ÿ,44,'5&-$5$(0ÿ6$77(-ÿ$-ÿ.,3$-%ÿ$-5,ÿ.,34/$9-.(ÿ;$56ÿ56(ÿB@R0ÿ',=&05ÿ-(;
7959ÿ4',5(.5$,-ÿ/9;?
EB+I
D'(ÿ1$%ÿ1&7%(5ÿJ$7(,ÿK93(0ÿF(97T
U,'(ÿ4(,4/(ÿ0((3ÿ5,ÿ=(ÿ%93$-%ÿ,-ÿ59=/(50ÿ9-7ÿ039'546,-(0ÿ,<('ÿ.,-0,/(0:
;6$.6ÿ3(9-0ÿ56$0ÿ.,&/7ÿ=(ÿ56(ÿ(-7ÿ,8ÿ=$%ÿ=&7%(5ÿ.,-0,/(ÿ%93(0?
EB+I
U$.',0,Vÿ5,ÿB-9=/(ÿK93(ÿK$V$-%ÿ$-ÿ56(ÿW=,LÿO-(ÿH5,'(
U$.',0,Vÿ'(<(9/(7ÿ$-ÿ9ÿ5;((5ÿ5695ÿ$5ÿ;$//ÿ0,,-ÿ/(5ÿ.&05,3('0ÿ%$Vÿ%93(0ÿ<$9ÿ56(
W=,LÿO-(ÿH5,'(?
GPJBHEGPK
D/$=9=9ÿN/9-0ÿ5,ÿB-5('ÿ+6$-9X0ÿYZZ1ÿK93(0ÿU9'Q(5
D/$=9=9ÿ$0ÿ7,$-%ÿ9-ÿ9=,&5ÿ89.(ÿ9-7ÿ$0ÿ(-5('$-%ÿ56(ÿ%93(0ÿ39'Q(5ÿ;$56ÿ9ÿ-(;
=&0$-(00ÿ&-$5?
NBAHOPDCÿ#GPDP+B
E6(ÿ1(05>H(//$-%ÿJ$7(,ÿK93(0ÿO8ÿD//ÿE$3(
J$7(,ÿ%93(0ÿ9'(ÿ0(//$-%ÿ=(55('ÿ569-ÿ(<('ÿ=(8,'(:ÿ=&5ÿ6,;ÿ.9-ÿ$-<(05,'0ÿ%(5ÿ$-ÿ,-
56(ÿ9.5$,-T
\]]^ÿ̀abcdeÿfcbgchiÿjkldÿmladÿnÿolkc
(&LM
)J1B*Jÿ%,GA1ÿ)*+Aÿ'*JA4ÿ01ÿNA*26ÿOP9Qÿ,-ÿ789?
$A@ÿDA4A*D26ÿED1+ÿ'HRADS*0*ÿ461@4ÿ.J1B*Jÿ,-0AD*20,FAÿA-0AD0*,-+A-0ÿDAFA-HAÿHR
E1Dÿ06AÿCA*DI
#$%&'(#$)
Tÿ%,GA1ÿ)*+Aÿ'01234ÿ01ÿU1@ADÿHRÿC1HDÿU1D0E1J,1
VA*D-ÿ*B1H0ÿ41+Aÿ1Eÿ06AÿB,..A40ÿRJ*CAD4ÿ,-ÿ06,4ÿ+HJ0,B,JJ,1-ÿG1JJ*Dÿ,-GH40DCW
#$'#)M('
Xÿ5*C4ÿL1+R*-,A4ÿUD1E,0ÿYD1+ÿ%,D0H*Jÿ)11G4
<ÿDAR1D0ÿDAJA*4AGÿ,-ÿJ*0Aÿ7899ÿRDAG,204ÿ06*0ÿ06Aÿ+*D3A0ÿE1DÿF,D0H*Jÿ.11G4ÿ@,JJÿDA*26
O7IPÿB,JJ,1-ÿ06,4ÿCA*DI
#$%&'(#$)
(A-2A-0ÿ#-EA204ÿZI'Iÿ5,06ÿ<GG,20,FAÿ[1B,JAÿ)*+A
L6,-A4Aÿ,-0AD-A0ÿ21+R*-Cÿ(A-2A-0ÿ,+R1D04ÿ*ÿ6,.6JCÿ*GG,20,FAÿ+1B,JAÿ.*+Aÿ01ÿ06A
ZI'Iÿ*-Gÿ&HD1RAI
N&V<(&SÿY<\'
\]ÿ56Cÿ,4ÿ.*+Aÿ06A1DCÿH4AEHJÿ,-ÿBH4,-A44K
^-2Aÿ6*,JAGÿ*4ÿ*ÿDAF1JH0,1-*DCÿ,-0ADG,42,RJ,-*DCÿR6A-1+A-1-=ÿ.*+Aÿ06A1DCÿ,4ÿ*20H*JJCÿ*RRJ,2*BJAÿ,-ÿ01G*C_4
BH4,-A44ÿ@1DJGIÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
\]ÿ56*0ÿ,4ÿ06AÿG,aADA-2AÿBA0@AA-ÿ*ÿG1+,-*-0ÿ40D*0A.Cÿ41JH0,1-ÿ*-Gÿ*ÿ$*46ÿAbH,J,BD,H+ÿIII
S,FAÿ,-01ÿ.*+Aÿ06A1DCÿ*-Gÿ06Aÿ$*46ÿAbH,J,BD,H+=ÿ*-GÿJA*D-ÿ@6Cÿ06Aÿ$*46ÿAbH,J,BD,H+ÿ*44H+R0,1-4ÿ*B1H0
,-E1D+*0,1-ÿ*DAÿJA44ÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
\]ÿ56*0ÿ*DAÿ06Aÿ1GG4ÿ1Eÿ.A00,-.ÿ*ÿRADEA20ÿBD*23A0ÿ,-ÿ5*DDA-ÿQHaA00_4ÿO9ÿB,JJ,1-ÿ[*D26ÿIII
#-ÿ789c=ÿ5*DDA-ÿQHaA00ÿ*--1H-2AGÿ06*0ÿ6Aÿ@1HJGÿ.,FAÿ@61AFADÿ21HJGÿ21DDA20JCÿ.HA44ÿAFADCÿ.*+Aÿ1Eÿ06Aÿ$L<<
+A-_4ÿB*43A0B*JJÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
\]ÿ56*0_4ÿ06AÿG,aADA-2AÿBA0@AA-ÿ*.A-2Cÿ06A1DCÿ*-Gÿ40*3A61JGADÿ06A1DCK
VA*D-ÿ61@ÿ*.A-2Cÿ06A1DCÿ*-Gÿ40*3A61JGADÿ06A1DCÿ*DAÿH4AGÿ,-ÿBH4,-A44ÿ01ÿH-GAD40*-Gÿ21++1-ÿBH4,-A44
21++H-,2*0,1-ÿRD1BJA+4ÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
\]ÿ56*0ÿ,4ÿ06Aÿ26*14ÿ06A1DCK
(6Aÿ26*14ÿ06A1DCÿ,4ÿ*ÿ21+RJ,2*0AGÿ*-GÿG,4RH0AGÿ+*06A+*0,2*Jÿ06A1DCÿ06*0ÿ4AA34ÿ01ÿAdRJ*,-ÿ06AÿAaA20ÿ1Eÿ4AA+,-.JC
,-4,.-,E,2*-0ÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
\]ÿ56*0ÿ,4ÿ.A-AD*JÿAbH,J,BD,H+ÿ06A1DCÿ,-ÿ+*2D1A21-1+,24K
<26,AF,-.ÿAbH,J,BD,H+ÿ1EÿRD,2A4ÿ,-ÿ*ÿ4,-.JAÿ1Dÿ+HJ0,e+*D3A0ÿ4A00,-.ÿ,-F1JFA4ÿ*ÿB,GG,-.ÿRD12A44ÿ06*0ÿ,4ÿ,-E1D+AG
RDA2,4AJCÿIIIÿNA*Gÿ<-4@ADÿ̀`
ghhiÿklmnopÿqnmrnstÿuvwoÿxwloÿyÿzwvn
^__`ÿbcdefgÿhediejkÿlmnfÿoncfÿpÿqnme