******************************************************

In this Guide you will learn how to:

* Use telnet from Windows
* Download web pages via telnet
* Get finger information via telnet
* Telnet from the DOS command-line
* Use netcat
* Break into Windows Computers from the Internet
Protecting Yourself
What can they do
The command-line approach
The GUI approach
Final Words
************************************************************
How to Use Telnet on a Windows Computer
Telnet is great little program for doing a couple of interesting things. In fact
, if you want to call yourself a hacker, you absolutely MUST be able to telnet!
In this lesson you will find out a few of the cool things a hacker can do with t
elnet.
If you are using Win95, you can find telnet in the c:\windows directory, and on
NT, in the c:\winnt\system32 directory. There isn't a lot of online help concern
ing the usage of the program, so my goal is to provide some information for new
users.
First off, telnet isn't so much an application as it is a protocol. Telnet is pr
otocol that runs over TCP/IP, and was used for connecting to remote computers. I
t provides a login interface, and you can run command-line programs by typing th
e commands on your keyboard, and the programs use the resources of the remote ma
chine. The results are displayed in the terminal window on your machine, but the
memory and CPU cycles consumed by the program are located on the remote machine
. Therefore, telnet functions as a terminal emulation program, emulating a termi
nal on the remote machine.
Now, telnet runs on your Win95 box as a GUI application...that is to say that yo
u can type "telnet" at the command prompt (in Windows 95 this is the MS-DOS prom
pt), and assuming that your PATH is set correctly, a window titled "telnet" will
open. This differs from your ftp program in that all commands are entered in th
e DOS window.
Let's begin by opening telnet. Simply open a DOS window by clicking "start", the
n "programs", then "MS-DOS", and at the command prompt, type:
c:\telnet
The window for telnet will open, and you can browse the features of the program
from the menu bar.
***************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: In this text file, I am referring only to the telnet
program that ships with Win95/NT. If you type "telnet" at the
command prompt and you don't get the telnet window, make sure
that the program is on your hard drive using the Start -> Find ->
Files or Folders command. Also make sure that your path statement includes the W
indows directory. There are many other programs available that provide similar f
unctionality, with a lot of other bells and whistles, from any number of softwar
e sites.
*************************************************
To learn a bit more about telnet, choose Help -> Contents, or
Help -> Search for help on... from the menu bar. Read through
the files in order to find more detailed explanations of things
you may wish to do. For example, in this explanation, I will
primarily be covering how to use the application and what it can
be used for, but now how to customize the colors for the application.
Now, if you choose Connect -> Remote System, you will be presented with a dialog
window that will ask you for the remote host, the port and the terminal type.
****************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: For most purposes, you can leave the terminal type on
VT100.
****************************************************
In the Connect dialog box, you can enter in the host to which
you wish to connect, and there is a list box of several ports
you can connect to:
daytime: May give you the current time on the server.
echo: May echo back whatever you type in, and will tell you that the computer yo
u have connected to is alive nd running on the Internet. qotd: May provide you w
ith a quote of the day.
chargen: May display a continuous stream of characters, useful for spotting netw
ork problems, but may crash your telnet program.
telnet: May present you with a login screen.
These will only work if the server to which you are trying to connect is running
these services. However, you are not limited to just those ports...you can type
in any port number you wish. (For more on fun ports, see the GTMHH, "Port Surf'
s Up.") You will only successfully connect to the port if the service in questio
n is available. What occurs after you connect depends upon the protocol for that
particular service.
When you are using telnet to connect to the telnet service on a server, you will
(in most cases) be presented with a banner and a login prompt.
[Note from Carolyn Meinel: Many people have written saying their telnet program
fails to connect no matter what host they try to reach. Here's a way to fix your
problem. First -- make sure you are already connected to the Internet. If your
telnet program still cannot connect to anything, here's how to fix your problem.
Click "start" then "settings" then "control panel." Then click "Internet" then
"connection." This screen will have two boxes that may or may not be checked. Th
e top one says "connect to the Internet as needed." If that box is checked, unch
eck it -- but only uncheck it if you already have been having problems connectin
g. The bottom box says "connect through a proxy server." If that box is checked,
you probably are on a local area network and your systems administrator doesn't
allow you to use telnet.]
*********************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: It's not a good idea to connect to a host on which you don't have a
valid account. In your attempts to guess a username and password, all you will
do is fill the log files on that host. From there, you can very easily be traced
, and your online service provider will probably cancel your account.
**********************************************
Now, you can also use telnet to connect to other ports, such as
ftp (21), smtp (25), pop3 (110), and even http (80). When you
connect to ftp, smtp, and pop3, you will be presented with a
banner, or a line of text that displays some information about the
service. This will give you a clue as to the operating system
running on the host computer, or it may come right out and tell
you what the operating system is...for instance, AIX, Linux,
Solaris, or NT. If you successfully connect to port 80, you will
see a blank screen. This indicates, again, that you have successfully completed
the TCP negotiation and you have a connection.
Now, what you do from there is up to you. You can simply disconnect with the kno
wledge that, yes, there is a service running on port 80, or you can use your kno
wledge of the HTTP protocol to retrieve the HTML source for web pages on the ser
ver.
How to Download Web Pages Via Telnet
To retrieve a web page for a server using telnet, you need to connect to that se
rver on port 80, generally. Some servers may use a different port number, such a
s 8080, but most web servers run on port 80. The first thing you need to do is c
lick on Terminal -> Preferences and make sure that there is a check in the Local
Echo box. Then, since most web pages will generally take up more than a single
screen, enable logging by clicking Terminal -> Start Logging... and select a loc
ation and filename. Keep in mind that as long as logging is on, and the same fil
e is being logged to, all new information will be appended to the file, rather t
han overwriting the
original file. This is useful if you want to record several sessions, and edit o
ut the extraneous information using Notepad.
Now, connect the remote host, and if your connection is successful, type in:
GET / HTTP/1.0
and hit enter twice.
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NEWBIE NOTE: Make sure that you hit enter twice...this is part
of the HTTP protocol. The single / after GET tells the server
to return the default index file, which is generally "index.html".
However, you can enter other filenames, as well.
*************************************************
You should have seen a bunch of text scroll by on the screen. Now you can open t
he log file in Notepad, and you will see the HTML
code for the page, just as though you had chosen the View Source
option from your web browser. You will also get some additional
information...the headers for the file will contain some information
about the server. For example:
HTTP/1.0 200 Document follows
Date: Thu, 04 Jun 1998 14:46:46 GMT
Server: NCSA/1.5.2
Last-modified: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 17:44:13 GMT
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 3196
One particularly interesting piece of information is the server
name. This refers to the web server software that is running
and serving web pages. You may see other names in this field,
such as versions of Microsoft IIS, Purveyor, WebSite, etc.
This will give you a clue as to the underlying operating system
running on the server.
*************************************************
SYSADMIN NOTE: This technique, used in conjunction with a
database of exploits on web servers, can be particularly annoying.
Make sure you keep up on exploits and the appropriate security
patches from your web server and operating system vendors.
*************************************************
*************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: This technique of gathering web pages is perfectly legal. You aren'
t attempting to compromise the target system, you are simply doing by hand what
your web browser does for you automatically. Of course, this technique will not
load images and Java applets for you.
************************************************
Getting Finger Information Via Telnet
By now, you've probably heard or read a lot about finger. It doesn't seem like a
very useful service, and many sysadmins disable the service because it provides
information on a particular user, information an evil hacker can take advantage
of. Win95 doesn't ship with a finger client, but NT does. You can download fing
er clients for Win95 from any number of software sites. But why do that when you
have a readily available client in telnet?
The finger daemon or server runs on port 79, so connect to a remote host on that
port. If the service is running, you will be presented with a blank screen.
****************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: NT doesn't ship with a finger daemon (A daemon is a program on the
remote computer which waits for people like you to connect to it), so generally
speaking, and server that you find running finger will be a Unix box. I say "gen
erally" because there are third-party finger daemons available and someone may w
ant to run one on their NT computer.
****************************************************
The blank screen indicates that the finger daemon is waiting for input. If you h
ave a particular user that you are interested in, type in the username and hit e
nter. A response will be provided, and the daemon will disconnect the client. If
you don't know a particular username, you can start by simply hitting enter. In
some cases, you may get a response such as "No one logged on." Or you may get i
nformation of all currently logged on users. It all depends on whether or not th
e sysadmin has chosen to enable certain features of the daemon. You can also try
other names, such as "root", "daemon", "ftp", "bin", etc.
Another neat trick to try out is something that I have seen referred to as "fing
er forwarding". To try this out, you need two hosts that run finger. Connect to
the first host, host1.com, and enter the username that you are interested in. Th
en go to the second host, and enter:
user@host1.com
You should see the same information! Again, this all depends upon
the configuration of the finger daemon.
Using Telnet from the Command Line
Now, if you want to show your friends that you a "real man" because "real men do
n't need no stinkin' GUIs", well just open up a DOS window and type:
c:\>telnet <host> <port>
and the program will automatically attempt to connect to the host
on the designated port for you.
Using Netcat
Let me start by giving a mighty big thanks to Weld Pond from L0pht for producing
the netcat program for Windows NT. To get a copy of this program, which comes w
ith source code, simply go to:
http://www.l0pht.com/~weld
NOTE: The first character of "l0pht: is the letter "l". The second character is
a zero, not an "o".
I know that the program is supposed to run on NT, but I have
seen it run on Win95. It's a great little program that can be used
to do some of the same things as telnet. However, there are
advantages to using netcat...for one, it's a command-line program,
and it can be included in a batch file. In fact, you can automate
multiple calls to netcat in a batch file, saving the results to
a text file.
**************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: For more information on batch files, see previous versions of the G
uide To (mostly) Harmless Hacking, Getting Serious with Windows series ...one of
them dealt with basic batch file programming.
**************************************************
Before using netcat, take a look at the readme.txt file provided in
the zipped archive you downloaded. It goes over the instructions
on how to download web pages using netcat, similar to what I
described earlier using telnet.
There are two ways to go about getting finger information using
netcat. The first is in interactive mode. Simply type:
c:\>nc <host> 79
If the daemon is running, you won't get a command prompt back. If this is the ca
se, type in the username and hit enter. Or use the automatic mode by first creat
ing a text file containing the username of interest. For example, I typed:
c:\>edit root
and entered the username "root", without the quotes. Then from
the command prompt, type:
c:\>nc <host> 79 < root
and the response will appear on your screen. You can save the
output to a file by adding the appropriate redirection operator
to the end of the file:
c:\>nc <host> 79 < root > nc.log
to create the file nc.log, or:
c:\>nc <host> 79 < root >> nc.log
to append the response to the end of nc.log. NOTE: Make sure
that you use spaces between the redirection operators.
How to Break into a Windows 95 machine Connected to the Internet
Disclaimer
The intent of this file is NOT to provide a step-by-step guide to accessing a Wi
n95 computer while it is connected to the Internet. The intent is show you how t
o protect yourself.
There are no special tools needed to access a remote Win95 machine...everything
you need is right there on your Win95 system! Two methods will be described...th
e command-line approach and the GUI approach.
Protecting Yourself
First, the method of protecting yourself needs to be made perfectly clear. DON'T
SHARE FILES!! I can't stress that enough. If you are a home user, and you are c
onnecting a Win95 computer to the Internet via some dial-up method, disable shar
ing. If you must share, use a strong password...8 characters minimum, a mix of u
pper and lower case letters and numbers, change the password every now and again
. If you need to transmit the
password to someone, do so over the phone or by written letter. To disable shari
ng, click on My Computer -> Control Panel -> Network -> File and Print Sharing.
In the dialog box that appears, uncheck both boxes. It's that easy.
What Can They Do?
What can someone do? Well, lots of stuff, but it largely depends on what shares
are available. If someone is able to share a printer from your machine, they can
send you annoying letters and messages. This consumes time, your printer ink/to
ner, and your paper. If they are able to share a disk share, what they can do la
rgely depends upon what's in that share. The share appears as another directory
on the attacker's machine, so any programs they run will be consuming their own
resources...memory, cpu cycles, etc. But if the attacker has read and write acce
ss to those disk shares, then you're in trouble. If you take work home, your fil
es may be vulnerable. Initialization and configuration files can be searched for
passwords. Files can be modified and deleted. A particularly nasty thing to do
is adding a line to your autoexec.bat file so that the next time your computer i
s booted, the hard drive is formatted without any prompting from the user. Bad j
u-ju, indeed.
** The command-line approach **
Okay, now for the part that should probably be titled "How they do it". All that
is needed is the IP address of the remote machine. Now open up a DOS window, an
d at the command prompt, type:
c:\>nbtstat -A [ip_addr]
If the remote machine is connected to the Internet and the ports used for sharin
g are not blocked, you should see something like:
NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table
Name Type Status
---------------------------------------------
NAME <00> UNIQUE Registered
DOMAIN <00> GROUP Registered
NAME <03> UNIQUE Registered
USERNAME <03> UNIQUE Registered
MAC Address = 00-00-00-00-00-00
This machine name table shows the machine and domain names, a logged-on username
, and the address of the Ethernet adapter (the information has been obfuscated f
or instructional purposes).
**Note: This machine, if unpatched and not protected with a firewall or packet-f
ilter router, may be vulnerable to a range of denial of service attacks, which s
eem to be fairly popular, largely because they require no skill or knowledge to
perpetrate.
The key piece of information that you are looking for is in the Type column. A m
achine that has sharing enabled will have a hex code of "<20>".
**Note: With the right tools, it is fairly simple for a sysadmin to write a batc
h file that combs a subnet or her entire network, looking for client machines wi
th sharing enabled. This batch file can then be run at specific times...every da
y at 2:00 am, only on Friday evenings or weekends, etc.
If you find a machine with sharing enabled, the next thing to do is type the fol
lowing command:
c:\>net view \\[ip_addr]
Now, your response may be varied. You may find that there are no shares on the l
ist, or that there are several shares available. Choose which share you would li
ke to connect to, and type the command:
c:\>net use g: \\[ip_addr]\[share_name]
You will likely get a response that the command was completed successfully. If t
hat is the case, type:
c:\>cd g:
or which ever device name you decided to use. You can now view what exists on th
at share using the dir commands, etc.
Now, you may be presented with a password prompt when you ssue the above command
. If that is the case, typical "hacker" (I shudder at that term) methods may be
used.
** The GUI approach **
After issuing the nbtstat command, you can opt for the GUI approach to accessing
the shares on that machine. To do so, make sure that you leave the DOS window o
pen, or minimized...don't close it. Now, use Notepad to open this file:
c:\windows\lmhosts.sam
Read over the file, and then open create another file in Notepad, called simply
"Lmhosts", without an extension. The file should contain the IP address of the h
ost, the NetBIOS name of the host (from the nbtstat command), and #PRE, separate
d by tabs. Once you have added this information, save it, and minimize the windo
w. In the DOS command window, type:
c:\>nbtstat -R
This command reloads the cache from the Lmhosts file you just created.
Now, click on Start -> Find -> Computer, and type in the NetBIOS name of the com
puter...the same one you added to the lmhosts file. If your attempt to connect t
o the machine is successful, you should be presented with a window containing th
e available shares. You may be presented with a password prompt window, but agai
n, typical "hacker" (again, that term grates on me like fingernails on a chalk b
oard, but today, it seems that it's all folks understand) techniques may be used
to break the password.
************************************************
Note from Carolyn Meinel: Want to try this stuff without winding up in jail or g
etting expelled from school? Get a friend to give you permission to try to break
in.
First, you will need his or her IP address. Usually this will be different every
time your friend logs on. You friend can learn his or her IP address by going t
o the DOS prompt while online and giving the command "netstat -r". Something lik
e this should show up:
C:\WINDOWS>netstat -r
Route Table
Active Routes:
Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 198.999.176.84 198.999.176.84 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
198.999.176.0 255.255.255.0 198.999.176.84 198.999.176.84 1
198.999.176.84 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
198.999.176.255 255.255.255.255 198.999.176.84 198.999.176.84 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 198.999.176.84 198.999.176.84 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 198.999.176.84 0.0.0.0 1
Your friend's IP address should be under "Gateway Address." Ignore the 127.0.0.1
as this will show up for everyone and simply means "locahost" or "my own comput
er." If in doubt, break the Internet connection and then get online again. The n
umber that changes is the IP address of your friend's computer.
***************************************************
**************************************************
Evil Genius tip: Here is something really scary. In your shell account give the
"netstat" command. If your ISP allows you to use it, you might be able to get th
e dynamically assigned IP addresses of people from all over the world -- everyon
e who is browsing a Web site hosted by your ISP, everyone using ftp, spammers yo
u might catch red-handed in the act of forging email on your ISP, guys up at 2AM
playing on multiuser dungeons, IRC users, in fact you will see everyone who is
connected to your ISP!
****************************************************
***************************************************
YOU CAN GO TO JAIL WARNING: If you find a Windows 95 box on the Internet with fi
le sharing enabled and no password protection, you can still get in big trouble
for exploiting it. It's just like finding a house whose owner forgot to lock the
door -- you still are in trouble if someone catches you inside. Tell temptation
to take a hike!
************************************************
Final Words
Please remember that this Guide is for instructional purposes only and is meant
to educate the sysadmin and user alike. If someone uses this information to gain
access to a system which they have no permission or business messing with, I (k
eydet) cannot be responsible for the outcome. If you are intending to try this i
nformation out, do so with the consent and permission of a friend.
If there are questions, comments, or corrections, please feel free to email me a
t keydet89@yahoo.com.
_________________
greetz,
WXBot