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NAME : Hazem Emam Ali

ID : 13P1082

QUIZ 2

BUILDING ENVELOPE
Building Orientation:
- Building long axis should be placed along
the east-west axis to harness sun heat in winter
on the bigger façade.

Building form:
- The building is provided with four towers
to help shade the building.
- The building encloses a shaded cool courtyard.

Thermal Comfort techniques:


- Windows and openings that overlook the courtyard
are well shaded and allow access for cooled air by
the fountain into the building.

- External lower windows are also well shaded in summer


as seen in the picture.

- External upper windows are deep to allow only winter sun


as in the sketch.

- South façade is covered with some climbing plants, to help


Keep the wall cool in the summer.

- Eastern and western facades are shaded also using deciduous


trees, they block intense sunrays in summer, and give access to
winter sun when their leaves fall.

- Walls are thick to absorb daytime heat and provide a thermal mass in
winter that dissipate heat into the inner building space at night.

- Towers in the building allow for good air circulation within


the interior, so the hot air rises and leaves cool air in the room.

- Roof is covered with grass layer (green roof) which acts as


an insulator and provide good thermal resistance.

- Water spraying system can be utilized in the towers to help


moisten the incoming air in dry weather.
Design of a vertical louver:

‫إقليم الدلتا و القاهرة‬ -


‫غرب‬ -
---------- SGR = 0.9
---------- PF = 0.1

B = 0.2 m B w
A = 1.0
PF = W / (A+B)

0.1= W / (1+0.2) ---------------- W = 0.12 m

A
Walls and Roof materials:

R-required from code:


North , South: 1.3 m2K/w
East, West : 1.6 m2K / w
Roof = 3.0 m2K / w

Wall
K (‫ = )طوب طفلي‬1.00 w / m2 k
K(Polysterene) = 0.03 w / m2 k
K(Wood board) = 0.16 w / m2k

R-value = Sum(L/K)
R-value = (0.25/1) + (0.05/0.03) + (0.01/0.16)
= 1.98 m2 K /w > R-required
 Use this wall for all facades. Wall section for all facades

_______________________________

Roof
K(Hordi) = 0.95 w / m2 K
K(grass) = 0.035 w / m2 k

R-value = (0.3/0.95) + (0.1/0.035)


Roof section
= 3.173 > 3.0 m2 K / W
The roof complies with the code and provide
required thermal resistance.
Windows Solutions:

Smart windows can be used effectively in southern façade, and here is how
they work: Normally, when the window is clear lithium ions reside in the
innermost electrode which is made of something like lithium cobalt oxide
(LiCoO2).

When a small voltage is applied to the electrodes, the ions migrate through the
separator to the outermost electrode (the one on the right in this diagram).
When they "soak" into that layer (which is made of something like
polycrystalline tungsten oxide, WO3), they make it reflect light, effectively
turning it opaque. They remain there all by themselves until the voltage is
reversed, causing them to move back so the window turns transparent once
again. No power is needed to maintain electrochromic windows in their clear or
dark state—only to change them from one state to the other.

Concerning Northern façade:

‫ إقليم الدلتا و القاهرة‬------ ‫القاهرة الكبرى‬ •

‫الواجهة الشمالية‬ •

‫مبنى غير مكيف‬ •

%30>‫>ف‬%20 •

SHGC allowable from code tables = 0.71 < ------------

SHGC allowed by code > (openable)SHGC = 0.6 <------ ‫< استخدام زجاج كهربائي (حبيبات عالقة ) فاتح‬-------------

Objectives achieved:
1. Thermal comfort for inhabitants throughout the year by using proper façade construction.
2. Energy efficient building through reducing the use of conditioning systems.
3. Preserving the architectural context in Greater Cairo by giving castle-look to the building.

References:
1 . http://www.explainthatstuff.com/electrochromic-windows.html
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Cairo
3. http://owtdoor.com/garden/en/garden-design-61965

(Drawings are either drafted in AutoCAD or sketched by hand)

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