Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A visual check will be carried out on all electrical equipment, internally and
externally, to determine that no transit/erection damage has occurred (or where this
has happened that satisfactory rectification work has been done). All control and
relay panels, local control panels, Switchgear and electrical devices will be
internally checked for compliance with the approved drawings and approved
connection wiring diagrams.
The tests carried out in order to satisfy the above will be: -
All relays will be visually checked to see that there is no packing, dirt, metal swarf,
etc., present in the magnet gaps or on the contacts. All connections will be checked
for tightness on the relays and at all other wiring terminations including the terminal
blocks.
All devices shall be checked to see that they are clearly numbered/identified in
accordance with the general arrangement drawings and that the phases are marked
where appropriate.
2- Earthing
An earth survey is carried out for each substation at the beginning of the contract
in order to obtain a value for the site earth resistivity which is required as part of the
Earthing design brief. This should be witnessed and signed by Owner.
Standard earthing tests are carried out during the erection stage by the erection
staff. On completion of these tests, a copy of the results obtained must be
submitted to the PCE for his approval and retention.
These tests will be repeated during the acceptance testing stage by the erection
staff in liaison with a commissioning team member, when they will be witnessed by
the client. www.sayedsaad.com
3- Bus Wiring
All inter-panel bus wiring will be tested and checked in accordance with the
appropriate termination diagrams.
Insulation checks will be made using a 500V Megger on each bus wire to earth and
from each bus wire to all others. These checks should be carried out with all
individual fuses, links, miniature Circuit Breakers, etc., open or removed at a) the
source of supply and b) all incoming and outgoing circuit panels and Switchgear.
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4- Multi-Core Cables
All multi-core cables will be tested and checked in accordance with the
appropriate termination diagrams.
The insulation resistance will be measured using a 1000V megger after all
the multi-core cables have been connected to the erected equipment.
(These tests on the multi-core cables although done at the pre-
commissioning stage to sort out any obvious problems will be repeated
during the acceptance testing stage).
The batteries and chargers will be checked to see that they have been
erected / assembled correctly in accordance with the manufacturers
recommended procedures.
The tests that are carried out at this stage will be to determine that the
batteries and chargers are functioning correctly, within the recom-
mended tolerances, so that their performance can be relied upon during
the commissioning of the rest of the substation equipment.
The responsibility for carrying out the above will be taken by a SCE. The
actual acceptance tests, including the time-consuming discharge tests, to
be witnessed by the client, are carried out towards the end of the
commissioning programme.
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These tests are carried out in accordance with the format of the Works
Site Test Report. The tests conducted are:
1. Bus-Bar and Connections - Conductivity Tests
2. Circuit Breaker - Contact Resistance Checks
3. Circuit Breaker - Contact Timing Tests
4. Mechanical and Local Electrical Operational Checks
5. Air and Gas Leakage Tests
6. SF6 Gas Pressure Switch Setting Check
7. Compressed Air System Sequence Checks
The Transformers are inspected and tested in accordance with the factory
check sheets for Transformer installation. As well as detailed inspection
this also includes oil testing.
8- Shunt Reactor
These tests are carried out in accordance with the format of the Works Site
Test Report. The tests conducted are:-
Primary current shall be passed through each CT to prove its ratio and polarity
with reference to other CTs in its group. All relays and instruments will be proved
to be wired in the correct phases.
All current "test terminals" will be checked for correct phasing, CT shorting
Switches will be proved and any withdrawable relays should have their shorting
contacts checked.
Earth fault relays shall be checked for spill Current when injecting phase to
phase and minimum operation.
Transformer biased differential protection. The two groups of CTs, (one on the
132 kV side and one on the 11kV side of the Transformer) should each be proved
for ratio and polarity, and the differential relay proved to operate for phase-phase,
and phase-earth fault injection on each side of the Transformer. When the
Transformer is energies, on load tests will be used to prove stability.
Bus zone protection. The group of CT's of each circuit shall be checked for
correct ratio and polarity. Each group of CT's should then be checked against
the bus section/coupler CT's of the same zone of protection for out of zone
stability by measuring spill currents.
Directional Over current Protection Operation of the protection will be tested by
primary injection of current and voltage simulating the fault direction. Reversal
of the current polarity proves the stability of the protection.
For inverse time relays, the minimum starting current for which the relay will close
its contacts with a maximum time dial setting shall be recorded. The resetting time
of the disc shall be recorded, and the time of operation for a current injection of
twice, five times and ten times setting current. These results should be carried out
on the relays service setting (or nominal setting if service not known). The results
should be compared with the relay curve supplied by the manufacturer. Also the
time setting multiplier characteristics will be checked at 2 points (setting point + 1
other point).
For instantaneous relays the operating current or voltage and the drop
off value shall be recorded.
For all relays fitted with a mechanical flag, the flag should operate just
before the contacts make and the flag mechanism should not interfere with
the operation of the relay.
Differential Relays (e.g. Transformer biased differential or pilot wire relays
will require "on-load" checks to prove their stability) in addition to secondary
injection tests.
Distance protection relays will require current and voltage of varying
magnitude injected into them to simulate different values of fault impedance
and "on-load" checks will be required to. prove the directional feature of the
relay.
1. Local and Remote Operations of all Isolators, Earth Switches and Circuit
Breakers
2. Local and Remote Indications of above
3. Electrical Interlocks of above
4. Synchronizing Sequence Tests (including secondary injection of voltage
selection scheme)
5. Gas Monitoring Sequence Tests
6. Alarm Sequence Tests
7. Tripping Tests
Sequence tests will be carried out to prove all electrical circuits are operating
correctly as shown in the schematic diagrams.
The control circuits will be tested by the manual operation of all close-trip Switches
from all positions, for all Circuit Breakers, disconnecting Switches (line Switches),
ground Switches (earth Switches), and other devices in accordance with the
schematic diagrams.
The operation of all protection circuits will be proved to be in accordance with the
protective gear schematic diagrams.
The tests will be conducted by manually making every main relay contact or
initiating device at source and observing Circuit Breaker tripping, auxiliary relay
operation, lock-out relay operation and any others. Tripping initiated by each relay
in a protection scheme will be tested with the appropriate trip link in and out to
prove that the link is connected and labeled correctly.
Operation tests of the alarm circuit will be by operating, at source, each alarm
initiating relay, where possible, or otherwise by simulation.
Load drop compensation and winding temperature CTs mounted in the trans-
former should be proved to be in the correct phase and have the correct ratio
where practicable.
Buchholz relays: the alarm and trip initiation shall be proved by means of
the test button, if provided, or by shorting the appropriate terminals at the
relay.
Winding temperature tripping and alarms shall be proved by operating the
appropriate initiating Switches. The cooler control ON and OFF shall be
proved when three phase 'A.C.' supplies are available by operating the
ON/OFF Switch and the appropriate temperature indicating initiating
Switches. The direction of the fan rotation must be checked in accordance
with the mark.
2. Only the Transformer under test shall be energized and shall have been
on soak for at least 24 hours prior to measurement. The tests shall be
carried
out at rated voltage with all normal fans running at no load conditions.
3. The audible sound level of each Transformer in turn will be measured
at a number of points 30 meters from the substation.
4. The average value of the noise measurements for each Transformer
shall be taken and this value checked to ensure it does not exceed 50dBA.
7- 11/0.433kV 250kVA Transformer Tests
These tests are carried out in accordance with the format of the Works Site
Test Report. The tests conducted are:-
a) Winding Insulation Level
b) Ratio Test www.sayedsaad.com
c) Vector Group
These tests will be carried out in accordance with the Works Site Test
Reports.
The magnitude and duration of the test voltage is given in Table below. An
opportunity to check VT calibration will be taken during these tests.
Test
Equipment Test Voltage KV
Duration
132 GIS 115 10 min.
11 KV 24 1 min
Flick tests will be done on all CT's in a group to prove that they are connected to
the protection in the same polarity. These tests will also be done on CT's mounted
in Transformer bushings. The flick test results should be compared with those
expected from the schematic diagrams.
All CT's will have the dc secondary loop resistance and individual secondary
winding resistances measured. www.sayedsaad.com
The saturation tests will be carried out to prove there are no shorted turns
associated with the CT and to establish the knee point voltage of the CT's The
magnetization curve will be plotted for each CT or superimposed on the factory
curves in order to determine that the correct CT is installed.
Primary current shall be passed through each CT to prove its ratio and polarity
with reference to other CTs in its group. All relays and instruments will be proved to
be wired in the correct phases.www.sayedsaad.com
All current "test terminals" will be checked for correct phasing, CT shorting
Switches will be proved and any withdrawable relays should have their shorting
contacts checked.
Inverse time relays shall be made to "creep' on minimum setting.
Transformer biased differential protection. The group of CTs should be proved for
ratio and polarity, and the differential relay proved to operate for phase-phase, and
phase-earth fault injection.
The secondary injection tests will be made to prove the relays, transducers and
meters are operating a n d measuring correctly.
Secondary injection tests will consist of 'a.c.' injection into the relay coils to prove
that the relay calibration is correct
A record of the relay type, serial number, and its setting range shall be
recorded. -
The secondary current injection shall take place from the point at which the primary
injection checks were made on the CTs.
For inverse time relays, the minimum starting current for which the relay will close
its contacts with a maximum time dial setting shall be recorded. The resetting time
of the disc shall b_ recorded, and the time of operation for a current injection of
twice, five times and ten times setting current. These results should be carried out
on the relays service setting (or nominal setting if service not known). The results
should be compared with the relay curve supplied by the manufacturer. Also the
time setting multiplier characteristics will be checked at 2 points (setting point +1
other point).
For all relays fitted with a mechanical flag, the flag should operate just before the
contacts make and the flag mechanism should not interfere with the operation of the
relay.
The calibration of all instruments and transducers will be checked at scale and full
scale by current and/or voltage injection as appropriate.