LP v. Cuomo Bloomberg Brief Part 1

18-0386-cv
Case 18-386, Document 75-1, 09/20/2018, 2393526, Page1 of 80
United States Court of Appeals

for the
Second Circuit
LIBERTARIAN PARTY OF ERIE COUNTY, MICHAEL KUZMA, RICHARD

COOPER, GINNY ROBER, PHILIP M. MAYOR, MICHAEL REBMANN,
EDWARD L. GARRETT, DAVID MONGIELO, JOHN MURTARI,
WILLIAM CUTHBERT,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
– v. –
ANDREW M. CUOMO, as Governor of the State of New York, BARBARA D.
UNDERWOOD, as Attorney General of the State of New York, JOSEPH A.
D’AMICO, as Superintendent of the New York State Police, DENNIS M.
KEHOE, individually and as Wayne County pistol permit licensing officer, M.
WILLIAM BOLLER, individually and as Erie County pistol permit licensing
officer, MATTHEW J. MURPHY, III,
Defendants-Appellees.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE

EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY IN SUPPORT
OF DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES AND AFFIRMANCE
NICOLE GUERON
CLARICK GUERON REISBAUM LLP
220 Fifth Avenue, 14th Floor
New York, New York 10001
(212) 633-4310
Attorneys for Amicus Curiae
CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Amicus Curiae Everytown for Gun Safety has no parent corporations. It has
no stock, and therefore, no publicly held company owns 10% or more of its stock.
/s/ Nicole Gueron

Nicole Gueron
Ashleigh Hunt
New York, New York 10001
(212) 633-4310
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Corporate Disclosure Statement ................................................................................ i
Table of Authorities ................................................................................................. iv
Statement of Interest of Amicus Curiae .....................................................................1
Summary of the Argument.........................................................................................2
Argument....................................................................................................................4
I. The District Court Failed to Conduct the Proper Analysis Under Step
One of This Court’s Second Amendment Analysis, Which Requires
Consideration of a Historical Understanding of the Scope of the Right ....4
II. Proper Step One Historical Analysis Demonstrates That New York’s
Permitting Requirements Do Not “Burden Conduct Protected by the
Second Amendment” ..................................................................................7
A. The History of the Sullivan Act and the Origin of N.Y. Penal
Law § 400.00...............................................................................8
B. Laws Requiring a Showing of Need to Carry a Firearm in

Public are Longstanding and Presumptively Lawful ................11
i. Both Founding-Era England and the American

Colonies Broadly Regulated Public Carry in Populated
Areas ...............................................................................11
ii. In the Early Nineteenth Century, Numerous States

Enacted Laws Generally Prohibiting Public Carrying of
Firearms, With Narrow Exceptions for Those With a
Specific Need for Self Defense ......................................14
iii. Laws Enacted Post-Civil War Continue to Affirm That

Bearing Arms in Public Required “Good Cause” ..........16
iv. In the Early Twentieth Century, Many States Enact Laws

Coupling the Carrying of Concealed Weapons with a
ii
“Good Cause” Requirement ...........................................19
C. The Sullivan Act’s Licensing Requirement to Possess Firearms

is Longstanding and Presumptively Constitutional ..................21
i. After Passage of the Sullivan Act, Other States Began

Passing Laws Requiring a License, or Government
Approval, to Purchase Firearms .....................................21
ii. Analogous Laws Requiring a Waiting Period and

Background Checks are “Close and Longstanding
Cousins” of the Sullivan Act ..........................................24
Conclusion ...............................................................................................................27
iii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Cases
Colo. Outfitters Ass’n. v. Hickenlooper,

823 F.3d 537 (10th Cir. 2016) ...................................................................................1
District of Columbia v. Heller,

554 U.S. 570 (2008) ......................................................................................... passim
Drake v. Filko,
724 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2013)..................................................................................6,26
English v. State,
35 Tex. 473 (1872) ...................................................................................................16
Eslava v. State,
49 Ala. 355 (1873) ...................................................................................................17
Heller v. District of Columbia,

670 F.3d 1244 (D.C. Cir. 2011) ............................................................................7,23
Kachalsky v. Cty. of Westchester,

701 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2012)............................................................................... passim
Libertarian Party of Erie Cty. v. Cuomo,

300 F. Supp. 3d 424 (W.D.N.Y. 2018) ................................................................2,5,6
McDonald v. City of Chicago,

561 U.S. 742 (2010) ...................................................................................................5
N.R.A. v. BATF,
700 F.3d 185 (5th Cir. 2012) .....................................................................................7
New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Beach,

18 Civ. 0134 (N.D.N.Y. 2018)...................................................................................1
New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Cuomo,

804 F.3d 242 (2d Cir. 2015)............................................................................. passim
iv
Peruta v. Cnty. of San Diego,

824 F.3d 919 (9th Cir. 2016) ...................................................................................11
Silvester v. Harris,
843 F.3d 816 (9th Cir. 2016) .....................................................................................1
State v. Barnett,
34 W. Va. 74 (1890).................................................................................................16
State v. Duke,
42 Tex. 455 (1874) ...................................................................................................16
State v. Huntly,
25 N.C. 418, 422 (1843) .................................................................................... 17,18
State v. Smith,
11 La. Ann. 633, 634 (1856) ....................................................................................17
United States v. Booker,

644 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2011) .....................................................................................7,8
United States v. Marzzarella,

614 F.3d 85 (3d Cir. 2010).........................................................................................7
United States v. Skoien,

614 F.3d 638 (7th Cir. 2010) .....................................................................................7
American statutes
N.Y Penal Law § 400.00 .................................................................................. passim

1686 N.J. Laws 289, 289–90, ch. 9.................................................................... 12,13
1694 Mass. Laws 11.................................................................................................13
1699 N.H. Laws 1 ....................................................................................................13
1786 Va. Laws 35, ch. 49 ........................................................................................13
1792 N.C. Laws 60, ch. 3.........................................................................................13
1801 Tenn. Laws 260-261, § 6 ................................................................................13
v
1836 Mass. Laws 748, 750, ch. 134, § 16................................................................14

1838 Wisc. Laws 381, § 16 ......................................................................................15
1841 Me. Laws 709, ch. 169, § 16 ...........................................................................15
1846 Mich. Laws 690, 692, ch. 162, § 16................................................................15
1847 Va. Laws 127, 129, ch. 14, § 16. ....................................................................15
1851 Minn. Laws 526, 528, ch. 112, § 18 ...............................................................15
1853 Or. Laws 218, 220, ch. 16, § 17. .....................................................................15
1861 Pa. Laws 248, 250, § 6.. ..................................................................................15
1869 N.M. Laws 312, ch. 32, § 1.............................................................................18
1870 W. Va. Laws 702, 703, ch. 153, § 8................................................................16
1871 Kentucky Acts 89, ch. 1888 § 2. .....................................................................17
1871 Tenn. Laws 81, ch. 90, § 1. .............................................................................18
1871 Tex. Laws 25, ch. 34 § 1. ................................................................................16
1873 Minn. Laws. 1025, § 17 ..................................................................................15
1876 Wyo. Laws 352, ch. 52 ...................................................................................18
1878 Mississippi 175, ch. 46 § 1..............................................................................17
1881 Ark. Laws 191, 192, ch. 96, § 1-2. .................................................................18
1888 Idaho Laws 23, § 1. .........................................................................................18
1889 Ariz. Laws 16, ch. 13, § 1 ...............................................................................18
1890 Okla. Laws 495, art. 47, §§ 2, 5. .....................................................................18
1903 Okla. Laws 643, ch. 25, art. 45, § 584. ...........................................................18
1911 New York Sess. Laws 442-445.......................................................................10
1913 N.Y. Laws 1627, Ch. 608 .................................................................... 10,11,20
1913 Or. Laws 497, ch. 256 s. 1 ..............................................................................21
1918 Mont. Laws 6, 7 ch. 2 § 3 ...............................................................................22
1918-1919 Del. Laws 55, 55-56 ch. 28 § 1........................................................ 21,22
1919 N.C. Sess. Laws 397, 398 ch. 197, § 3. ..........................................................22
vi
1921 Mo. Laws 691, 692 § 2 ............................................................................. 22,23

1923 Cal. Acts 695, 698-699 ch. 339 § 8 ..................................................... 19,20,25
1923 Conn. Pub. Acts 3707 ch. 252 § 3 ..................................................................25
1923 N.D. Acts 379, 381 ch. 226 § 8................................................................. 19,25
1923 N.H. Laws 138, ch. 118 § 3 ............................................................................25
1925 Haw. Sess. Laws 790, 793, ch. 128 § 2136. ...................................................22
1925 In. 495, 497 ch. 207 § 7 ............................................................................ 20,25
1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473, 473-474, No. 313 § 5. ............................................ 20,25
1925 N.J. Laws 185, 186, ch. 64 § 2........................................................................20
1925 Or. Laws 468, 471 ch. 260 § 8. ................................................................. 19,25
1927 Mich. Pub. Acts 887, 887-88, Act 372 § 2. ....................................................23
1927 N.J. Laws 742, 746 ch. 321 § 9.......................................................................23
1931 Pa. Laws 497, 498-499, Act 158 § 7......................................................... 19,25
1931 Tex. Gen. Laws 447, 448 ch. 267 § 4. ............................................................25
1935 S.D. Sess. Laws 355, 356 ch. 208 § 7 ....................................................... 19,25
1935 Wash. Sess. Laws 599, 600-601 ch. 172 § 7. ........................................... 19,25
1936 Ala. Laws 51, 52 § 7. ................................................................................ 19,25
American municipal ordinances

Checotah, Okla., Ordinance no. 11 (1890) ..............................................................18
Dallas, Tex., Ordinance (1887) ................................................................................18
La Crosse, Wis., Ordinance no. 14, § 15 (1880)......................................................18
Los Angeles, Cal., Ordinance nos. 35–36 (1878) ....................................................18
Nashville, Tenn., Ordinance ch. 108 (1873) ............................................................18
Nebraska City, Neb., Ordinance no. 7 (1872). ........................................................18
New Haven, Conn., Ordinances § 192 (1890). ........................................................18
Rawlins, Wyo., Ordinances art. 7 (1893) ................................................................18
vii
Salina, Kan., Ordinance no. 268 (1879). .................................................................18

San Antonio, Tex., Ordinance ch. 10 (1899). ..........................................................18
Syracuse, N.Y., Ordinances ch. 27 (1885)...............................................................18
Washington, D.C., Ordinance ch. 5 (1857) .............................................................18
Wichita, Kan., Ordinance no. 1641 (1899) ..............................................................18
State Constitutions
Md. Declaration of Rights of 1776, § III .................................................................13
English statutes
1328 2 Edw. III, 258 Statute of Northampton .........................................................11
Books and articles

A Bill for the Office of Coroner and Constable, Mar. 1, 1682 ................................13
Ban Hidden Weapons on Sullivan’s Plea, N.Y. TIMES, May 11, 1911 ...................10
Blackstone, William, 4 COMMENTARIES 149 ...........................................................12
City Intelligence, BOSTON COURIER (Boston, Mass.), Mar. 7, 1853. ......................15
City Items, RICHMOND WHIG (Richmond, Va.), Sept. 25, 1860..............................15
Cornell, Saul, The Right to Carry Firearms Outside of the Home, 39 Fordham Urb.
L.J. 1695 (2012) ....................................................................................................14
Hawkins, William, 1 A TREATISE ON THE PLEAS OF THE CROWN ............................12
Imlay, Charles V., The Uniform Firearms Act,
12 A.B.A. J. 767, 767 (1926) ............................................................................. 19,24
Meltzer, Jonathan S., Open Carry for All, 123 Yale L.J. 1486, 1523 (2014) .........13
Niles, The Connecticut Civil Officer 154 (1833) ....................................................13
Potter, John, THE ANTIQUITIES OF GREECE 182 (4th ed. 1722) ...............................12
Revolver Killings Fast Increasing, N.Y. TIMES, Jan. 30, 1911 ...............................9
viii
Sportsmen Fight Sullivan Law, 23 J. Criminology 665 (1932) ...............................25

Story of Shooting Told by Witnesses, N.Y. TIMES, Aug. 10, 1910 ........................9
Stricter Weapons Law, N.Y. TIMES, May 30, 1911 ..............................................10
Stronger Ban on Pistols, N.Y. TIMES, Feb. 17, 1911 ..........................................9,10
Topics of the Times, N.Y. TIMES, April 27, 1911 .................................................10
Recorders Court, Oregonian (Portland, Or.), Aug. 6, 1867 .....................................15
VERMONT TELEGRAPH, Feb. 7, 1838 ........................................................................13
Weapons Bill Passes, N.Y. TIMES, May 16, 1911 .................................................10
Welch, Richard, KING OF THE BOWERY, BIG TIM SULLIVAN, TAMMANY HALL, AND
NEW YORK CITY FROM THE GILDED AGE TO THE PROGRESSIVE ERA (2008) .............9
When and Where May a Man Go Armed, S.F. BULLETIN, Oct. 26, 1866 ...............18
Winkler, Adam, GUNFIGHT 165 (2011) ......................................................... 18,19
ix
STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE 1
Everytown for Gun Safety is the nation’s largest gun violence prevention
organization, with more than five million members spread across all fifty states,
including hundreds of thousands of New York residents. It was founded in 2014 as
the combined effort of Mayors Against Illegal Guns, a national, bipartisan coalition
of mayors combating illegal guns and gun trafficking, and Moms Demand Action
for Gun Sense in America, an organization formed after the murder of twenty
children and six adults in an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. Currently,
the mayors of 66 New York towns and cities are members of Mayors Against Illegal
Guns. Everytown’s mission includes defending gun laws through the filing of
amicus briefs that provide historical context and doctrinal analysis which might
otherwise be overlooked. Everytown has filed such briefs in several recent cases,
including in cases, like this one, involving challenges to gun licensing laws. See,
e.g., Colo. Outfitters Ass’n v. Hickenlooper, 823 F.3d 537 (10th Cir. 2016); Silvester
v. Harris, 843 F.3d 816 (9th Cir. 2016); N.Y. St. Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Beach, 18 Civ
0134 (N.D.N.Y. 2018).
1
Pursuant to F.R.A.P. 29(a)(4)(E), amicus curiae states that no counsel for a party authored this
amicus brief in whole or in part, and that no party, party’s counsel, or person or entity other than
amicus curiae and its counsel contributed money that was intended to fund preparing or submitting
this amicus brief. All parties consented to the filing of this brief.
1
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
This case presents a fundamental question: is New York State’s firearms
licensing law, N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00, permissible under the Second Amendment
to the United States Constitution? Under Supreme Court precedent, confirmed by
multiple circuit court decisions, the answer is yes.
To evaluate the statute, courts in this Circuit, like most in the country, must
engage in a two-step inquiry. First, the court asks whether the licensing law
“burdens conduct protected by the Second Amendment.” New York State Rifle &
Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Cuomo, 804 F.3d 242, 254 (2d Cir. 2015), citing Kachalsky v.
Cty. of Westchester, 701 F.3d 81, 93 (2d Cir. 2012). If the challenged statute does
not “implicate conduct within the scope of the Second Amendment, [the] analysis
ends[.]” Id. If such conduct is implicated, the court moves to the second step, in
which it must “determine and apply the appropriate level of scrutiny” to the law at
issue. Id.
The District Court erred at the first step of review by determining that New
York’s firearms licensing law burdens conduct protected by the Second
Amendment. Libertarian Party of Erie Cty. v. Cuomo, 300 F. Supp. 3d 424, 441
(W.D.N.Y. 2018). It does not. The District Court misapplied the constitutional
analysis established by Heller, NYSRPA, and Kachalsky—it failed to inquire whether
the challenged law is consistent with the “historical understanding of the scope of
2
the right.” District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570, 625 (2008). Instead, the
District Court erroneously deemed that inquiry “irrelevant” at step one of the
analysis, applying only the ahistorical “common use” test. See, e.g. NYSRPA, 804
F.3d at 255 (applying “common use” and “typical possession” tests to prohibitions
of hardware such as assault weapons and large-capacity magazines). As amicus
curiae will show, this was clear error. Application of the “common use” test to a
licensing law, without an investigation into the longstanding status of the law, is
inconsistent with the two-step test set forth by Heller and its progeny.
New York Penal Law § 400.00 is a longstanding and presumptively
constitutional law regulating both firearms possession and the carrying of firearms
in public. As this brief demonstrates, these firearms regulations easily satisfy the
Second Amendment’s step one inquiry. First, this brief sets out the history of the
Sullivan Act of 1911, the earliest version of N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00. Rather than
being passed for “nefarious” reasons, as Appellants suggest, the Act was passed with
bipartisan and widespread support to address the growing problem of gun violence.
Next, this brief will turn to the longstanding history of similar regulations—both
throughout the United States and in England. Finally, this brief will turn to a
discussion of early-twentieth century regulations on the possession or purchase of
firearms, beginning with the passage of the Sullivan Act. This period includes the
3
passage of many of the regulations adjudged “longstanding” and thus
“presumptively lawful” by the Supreme Court in Heller.
The disputed statute at issue here is a modern version of the Sullivan Act that
reflects our country’s long history of reasonable regulations on the bearing of arms.
Its provisions are the type of longstanding regulations identified in Heller; it does
not burden conduct traditionally considered within the ambit of the Second
Amendment’s protections, and therefore survives the first step of the test enumerated
by this Court in Kachalsky and NYSRPA. This Court should affirm the decision of
the District Court, while correcting the lower court’s step one methodology and
applying the proper constitutional analysis to hold that New York’s firearms
licensing law does not burden conduct protected by the Second Amendment.
ARGUMENT
I. THE DISTRICT COURT FAILED TO CONDUCT THE PROPER

ANALYSIS UNDER STEP ONE OF THIS COURT’S SECOND
AMENDMENT ANALYSIS, WHICH REQUIRES CONSIDERATION
OF A HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SCOPE OF THE
RIGHT
As set forth in NYSRPA, determination of the constitutionality of a statute
regulating firearms “requires a two-step inquiry.” NYSRPA, 804 F.3d at 254. Step
one requires an analysis of whether a challenged licensing regulation burdens
conduct protected by the Second Amendment. Id. To answer this question, courts
must assess whether the law is consistent with the “historical understanding of the
4
scope of the right,” Heller, 554 U.S. at 625, and consider whether the law is one of
the “presumptively lawful regulatory measures” such as “prohibitions on the
possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill, ... laws forbidding the carrying
of firearms in sensitive places such as schools and government buildings, [and] laws
imposing conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of arms.” NYSRPA,
804 F.3d at 253. Such “longstanding” laws, the Supreme Court has explained, are
tradition-based “exceptions” to the scope of the Second Amendment due to their
“historical justifications.” Heller, 554 U.S. at 635; see McDonald v. City of Chicago,
561 U.S. 742, 786 (2010) (reiterating Heller’s assurances that the decision “did not
cast doubt on . . . longstanding regulatory measures”); see also Kachalsky, 701 F.3d
at 91 (upholding New York State law regulating public carry of arms, which has “a
number of close and longstanding cousins,” unlike the law held unconstitutional in
Heller).
The District Court erred by foregoing this historical analysis in favor of the
“common use” and “typical possession” test normally applied in challenges to
prohibitions on types of weapons. See Libertarian Party of Erie Cty., 300 F. Supp.
3d at 441–42. Unlike the Second Circuit in Kachalsky, the District Court engaged
in no analysis of the historical underpinnings of N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00. Compare
Libertarian Party of Erie Cty, 300 F. Supp. 3d at 441-42 with Kachalsky at 84-85,
94-96. Instead, it held that, under the framework outlined in NYSRPA, deciding if
5
New York’s licensing laws were “longstanding” or “presumptively lawful” was
“irrelevant at [step one] of the analysis.” Libertarian Party of Erie Cty, id.
This was clear error. Ignoring the historical underpinning of a challenged
licensing regulation simply does not comport with the framework set out in Heller
and its progeny. Heller, 554 U.S. at 635; see also Drake v. Filko, 724 F.3d 426,
429–30 (3d Cir. 2013) (requirement that applicants demonstrate “justifiable need”
to publicly carry arms qualifies as a “presumptively lawful,” “longstanding”
regulation and does not burden conduct “within the scope of the Second
Amendment’s guarantee”).
In the years since the Second Circuit’s decision in Kachalsky, in which this
Court found the history presented was “highly ambiguous,” and “d[id] not directly
address the specific question before [the Court],” 701 F.3d at 91, historians and legal
scholars have produced a substantial amount of historical research which reinforces
the constitutionality of New York’s public carry law and strongly supports the state’s
permit to purchase requirement. See e.g., Repository of Historical Gun Laws, Duke
University School of Law, https://law.duke.edu/gunlaws/ (archive published in 2017
documenting weapons laws from AD 605 to 1934). This history shows that laws
like New York’s are not regulatory outliers, but rather belong to a centuries-long
historical tradition of regulating firearms. Kachalsky, at 96 (“[u]nderstanding the
6
scope of the constitutional right is the first step in determining the yard stick by
which we measure the state regulation”).
Accordingly, this Court should conclude that the District Court erred in
deeming first-step historical analysis “irrelevant,” and that N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00
passes constitutional muster under the first step of analysis as a “longstanding” and
“presumptively lawful” regulation that does not burden conduct protected by the
Second Amendment.
II. PROPER STEP-ONE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATES

THAT NEW YORK’S PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS DO NOT
“BURDEN CONDUCT PROTECTED BY THE SECOND
AMENDMENT”
What does it mean for a law to be considered “longstanding” under Heller?
It does not require that a law “mirror limits that were on the books in 1791.” United
States v. Skoien, 614 F.3d 638, 641 (7th Cir. 2010) (en banc). Rather, laws may
qualify as longstanding even if they “cannot boast a precise founding-era analogue,”
N.R.A. v. BATF, 700 F.3d 185, 196 (5th Cir. 2012), because a regulation that has
“long been accepted by the public” is “not likely to burden a constitutional right.”
Heller v. D.C., 670 F.3d 1244, 1253 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (“Heller II”); see United States
v. Marzzarella, 614 F.3d 85, 91 (3d Cir. 2010) (“[L]ongstanding limitations are
exceptions to the right to bear arms” and “are presumptively lawful because they
regulate conduct outside the scope of the Second Amendment.”); United States v.
Booker, 644 F.3d 12, 23-24 (1st Cir. 2011) (noting that the Supreme Court in Heller
7
indicated that the “modern federal felony firearm disqualification law” should be
considered sufficiently longstanding even though it is “firmly rooted in the twentieth
century and likely bears little resemblance to laws in effect at the time the Second
Amendment was ratified”).
Like regulations upheld by this and other courts, New York’s requirement that
those seeking to carry firearms in public receive a license after a showing of need is
a longstanding regulation which falls outside the scope of the Second Amendment.
Likewise, the requirement that firearm owners obtain licenses to possess 2 firearms
is a longstanding, presumptively lawful condition on the sale and possession of arms.
Laws like the one challenged here have been widely accepted in the United States
for hundreds of years and have been in effect in New York for over a century. New
York Penal Law § 400.00 is thus longstanding and constitutional under Heller, and
succeeds at the first step of the constitutional analysis required by this Court.
A. The History of the Sullivan Act and the Origin of N.Y. Penal Law
§ 400.00
New York has long regulated the possession and sale of firearms; indeed, as
Kachalsky set forth, New York’s efforts predate the Constitution. 701 F.3d at 84.
New York’s modern system of firearm regulation has its roots at the turn of the
2
Unlike some other states’ licensing regulations, New York’s statute uses the word “possess,”
rather than “purchase.” Amicus treat these terms as highly similar, if not indistinguishable, as both
lead to the same result: a requirement that individuals undergo a background check prior to owning
a firearm.
8
twentieth century, when homicide rates in New York City began to rise. Revolver
Killings Fast Increasing, N.Y. TIMES, January 30, 1911 at 4, ADD239. In response,
New York State Senator Timothy Sullivan announced his intentions to make
carrying concealed firearms a felony during the New York State Democratic
Convention in 1910. Richard Welch, KING OF THE BOWERY, BIG TIM SULLIVAN,
TAMMANY HALL, AND NEW YORK CITY FROM THE GILDED AGE TO THE PROGRESSIVE
ERA, 144 (2008).
While named for Sullivan, the majority of the Act’s provisions originated in
a set of recommendations made to the State Legislature by the New York City
Coroner’s Office, which saw, firsthand, the toll increasing gun violence caused.
Welch, at 145. Specifically, the Coroner’s office proposed that firearms dealers
should be “made to pay a high license,” and “any one desiring to purchase a revolver
should be compelled to go to the police to get a permit.” Revolver Killings Fast
Increasing, 4, ADD239. Once there, he would “have to give his name and address,
and be questioned as to what use he would make of the revolver.” Id.
Widely-publicized shootings—including an assassination attempt on New
York City Mayor William Jay Gaynor—led to widespread support for action to
address gun violence. Stronger Ban on Pistols, N.Y. TIMES, February 17, 1911 at 3,
ADD244; see also Story of Shooting Told by Witnesses, N.Y. TIMES, Aug. 10, 1910
at 3, ADD242. In response to the increase in gun violence, many notable citizens of
9
the city, including anti-Tammany Hall crusader Henry Clews, John D. Rockefeller
Jr., Jacob Schiff, John Wanamaker, firearms innovator Hudson Maxim, and the then-
Republican New York Times Editorial Board supported the bill. Stronger Ban on
Pistols, at 3, ADD244; see also Topics of the Times, N.Y. TIMES, April 27, 1911 at
8, ADD245. Indeed, the New York Times noted that the proposed bill “cannot too
soon become a law.” Id.
On May 10, 1911, the Act passed the New York State Senate with only five
dissenting votes. Ban Hidden Weapons on Sullivan’s Plea, N.Y. TIMES, May 11,
1911 at 3, ADD222. Five days later, the New York State Assembly passed the bill
by an overwhelming and bipartisan 123-7 votes, and on May 29, 1911, Governor
John Alden Dix signed the bill into law, effective September 1, 1911. Weapons Bill
Passes, N.Y. TIMES, May 16, 1911 at 1, ADD247; see also Stricter Weapons Law,
N.Y. TIMES, May 30, 1911 at 1, ADD243.
The Sullivan Act made it unlawful for any person to possess, unlicensed, “any
pistol, revolver, or other firearm of a size which may be concealed upon the person.”
1911 Laws of N.Y., ch. 195, § 1, at 443 (codifying N.Y. Penal Law § 1897, ¶ 3),
ADD66. It was later amended to provide a standard for issuing permits either to
publicly carry or possess weapons: requiring issuance of a permit (1) to carry when
an applicant “is of good moral character and [where] proper cause exists for the
issuance thereof,” and (2) to possess when the licensing magistrate was “satisfied of
10
the good moral character of the applicant and provided that no good cause exists for
the denial of such applicant.” 1913 N.Y. Laws 1627, Ch. 608, ADD73. These
provisions survive to this day, and are challenged on appeal. N.Y. Penal Law §
400.00.
Although the Sullivan Act was passed in the early twentieth century, the
regulations it imposed were not novel. Rather, the Act was an iteration of a
longstanding tradition of laws that have been enacted, accepted, and enforced in
America since colonial times. We turn now to this history. First, we detail the
centuries-long history regulating the public carrying of arms, which is now
embodied in N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(2)(f) (requiring that applicants for public
carry licenses have “good moral character” and that “proper cause exists for the
issuance thereof”). Second, we show that the Sullivan Act’s permitting requirement
to possess firearms was followed by other states’ enactment of similar laws, and
analogous regulations, since deemed “longstanding” under Heller.
B. Laws Requiring a Showing of Need to Carry a Firearm in Public

are Longstanding and Presumptively Lawful
i. Both Founding-Era England and the American Colonies

Broadly Regulated Public Carry in Populated Areas
Because the Second Amendment protects a “right inherited from our English
ancestors,” Peruta v. Cnty. of San Diego, 824 F.3d 919, 927 (9th Cir. 2016) (en
banc), it is appropriate to begin with English history. English regulation on the
11
carrying of arms stretches back to at least 1328, when England enacted the Statute
of Northampton, providing that “no Man great nor small” shall “go nor ride armed
by night nor by day, in Fairs, Markets, nor in the presence of the Justices or other
Ministers, nor in no part elsewhere.” 2 Edw. 3, 258, ch. 3 (1328), ADD219.
In 1716, William Hawkins clarified the scope of this prohibition, stating that
“a Man cannot excuse the wearing of such Armour in Publick by alledging that such
a one threatened him, and that he wears it for the Safety of his Person from his
Assault.” 1 William Hawkins, A Treatise on the Pleas of the Crown, 136.
Blackstone described the crime stating: “The offence of riding or going armed with
dangerous or unusual weapon is a crime against the public peace, by terrifying the
good people of the land,” and compared the English regulation to the Law of Solon
in ancient Athens, which read, “[h]e shall be fined, who is seen to walk the City-
Streets with a sword by his Side, or having about him other Armour, unless in the
case of Exigency.” John Potter, The Antiquities of Greece 182 (4th ed. 1722)
(emphasis added); 4 Blackstone Commentaries 149.
The American colonies adopted England’s tradition of public-carry
regulation. The first iteration was a 1686 New Jersey law that sought to prevent
the “great fear and quarrels” induced by “several persons wearing swords, daggers,
pistols,” and “other unusual or unlawful weapons.” 1686 N.J. Laws 289, 289–90,
ch. 9, ADD1. To combat this “great abuse,” the law provided that no person “shall
12
presume privately to wear any pocket pistol” or “other unusual or unlawful
weapons,” and “no planter shall ride or go armed with sword, pistol, or dagger,”
except for “strangers[] travelling” through. Id. This was only the start of a long
history of regulation “limiting gun use for public safety reasons.” Meltzer, Open
Carry for All, 123 Yale L.J. 1486, 1523 (2014). As against this history, “there are
no examples from the Founding era of anyone espousing the concept of a general
right to carry.” Id.
Many states enacted laws mirroring the Statute of Northampton both before
and after the Constitution’s adoption; eight years after New Jersey’s law,
Massachusetts enacted its own version, authorizing justices of the peace to arrest
anyone who “shall ride or go armed Offensively before any of Their Majesties
Justices, or other [of] Their Officers or Ministers doing their Office, or elsewhere.”
1694 Mass. Laws 11, ADD4; see also 1699 N.H. Laws 1, ADD6; 1786 Va. Laws
35, ch. 49, ADD13; 1792 N.C. Laws 60, ch. 3, ADD14; 1801 Tenn. Laws 260-261,
§ 6, ADD18. Other states continued to enforce the Statute of Northampton through
their common law. 3
3
See A Bill for the Office of Coroner and Constable (Mar. 1, 1682), reprinted in Grants,
Concessions & Original Constitutions 251 (N.J. constable oath) (“I will endeavour to arrest all
such persons, as in my presence, shall ride or go arm’d offensively.”), ADD221; Niles, The
Connecticut Civil Officer 154 (1833) (noting crime of “go[ing] armed offensively,” even without
threatening conduct), ADD235; VERMONT TELEGRAPH, Feb. 7, 1838 (observing that “[t]he laws
of New England” provided a self-defense right “to individuals, but forb[ade] their going armed
for the purpose”), ADD246. Northampton also applied in Maryland. Md. Const. of 1776, art. III,
§ 1, ADD212.
13
ii. In the Early Nineteenth Century, Numerous States Enacted

Laws Generally Prohibiting Public Carrying of Firearms, With
Narrow Exceptions for Those With a Specific Need for Self
Defense
In the early nineteenth century, several states began to enact laws that
functioned much like N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00, which affirmed the prohibition on
the carrying of arms in public, with an exception for those who could show they had
a need to carry. In 1836, Massachusetts amended its public-carry prohibition to
provide a narrow exception for those having “reasonable cause to fear an assault or
other injury, or violence to his person, or to his family or property.” 1836 Mass.
Laws 748, 750, ch. 134, § 16 (emphasis added), ADD20. Without “reasonable
cause,” no person could “go armed with a dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, or other
offensive and dangerous weapon.” Id. The law was understood to restrict carrying
a firearm in public without good cause; as one judge explained in a grand jury charge
appearing in the contemporary press in 1837, there was little doubt at the time that
“no person may go armed… without reasonable cause to apprehend an assault or
violence to his person, family, or property.” Cornell, The Right to Carry Firearms
Outside of the Home, 39 Fordham Urb. L.J. 1695, 1720 & n.134 (2012) (emphasis
added).
14
Within a few decades, many states (all but one outside the slaveholding South)
had adopted nearly identical laws.4 Most copied the Massachusetts law verbatim,
permitting a narrow self-defense exception. See, e.g., 1851 Minn. Laws at 527–28,
§§ 2, 17, 18, ADD27; 1873 Minn. Laws. 1025, § 17 (same after the 14th
Amendment’s ratification), ADD46. At least one state (Virginia) used slightly
different language. 1847 Va. Laws at 129, § 16 (“If any person shall go armed with
any offensive or dangerous weapon, without reasonable cause to fear an assault or
other injury, or violence to his person, or to his family or property, he may be
required to find sureties for keeping the peace.”), ADD26. Semantic differences
aside, these laws were understood, and were enforced, to do the same thing: broadly
restrict the public carrying of firearms, with a limited exception for those who could
show cause to go armed. 5
4
See, e.g., 1838 Wisc. Laws 381, § 16, ADD21; 1841 Me. Laws 709, ch. 169, § 16, ADD22; 1846
Mich. Laws 690, 692, ch. 162, § 16, ADD23; 1847 Va. Laws 127, 129, ch. 14, § 16, ADD26; 1851
Minn. Laws 526, 528, ch. 112, § 18, ADD27; 1853 Or. Laws 218, 220, ch. 16, § 17, ADD29; 1861
Pa. Laws 248, 250, § 6, ADD30.
5
Newspaper articles describe criminal prosecutions under these laws even when the person was
carrying a concealed weapon—a form of public carry that, by itself, does not indicate menacing
conduct beyond bare carry. See, e.g., City Intelligence, BOSTON COURIER (Boston, Mass.), Mar.
7, 1853, at 4 (reporting arrest and charge against person for “carrying a concealed weapon,” a
“loaded pistol”), ADD226; City Items, RICHMOND WHIG (Richmond, Va.), Sept. 25, 1860, at 3
(reporting that person was “arraigned” for “carrying a concealed weapon” and “required [to] give
security”), ADD227; Recorders Court, OREGONIAN (Portland, Or.), Aug. 6, 1867, at 4 (reporting
conviction for “carrying a concealed weapon,” resulting in two-day imprisonment), ADD238.
15
iii. Laws Enacted Post-Civil War Continue to Affirm That

Bearing Arms in Public Required “Good Cause”
Laws enacted after the Civil War continued to affirm that bearing arms
required a demonstration of good cause. In 1871, Texas prohibited public carry with
an exception for good cause—a prohibition enforced with possible jail time, with
narrow exceptions. 1871 Tex. Laws 25, ch. 34 § 1 (prohibiting public carry absent
an “immediate and pressing” self-defense need, while exempting one’s “own
premises” and “place of business, and travelers “carrying arms with their baggage”),
ADD43. The constitutionality of Texas’s good cause requirement was twice
unanimously affirmed by the Texas Supreme Court, first by a court made up entirely
of Republican appointees and then after the end of Reconstruction by a court made
up entirely of Democratic appointees, showing bipartisan agreement on the
constitutionality of good cause laws. See English v. State, 35 Tex. 473 (1872); State
v. Duke, 42 Tex. 455 (1874). Similarly, West Virginia allowed public carry only
upon a showing of “reasonable cause to fear violence to his person, family, or
property.” 1870 W. Va. Laws 702, 703, ch. 153, § 8, ADD35; see also State v.
Barnett, 34 W. Va. 74 (1890) (upholding state’s “good cause” requirement).
Several states also incorporated a necessity element in their regulations on the
carrying of concealed weapons. Kentucky limited the carrying of concealed
weapons to where “the person has reasonable grounds to believe his person, or the
person of some of his family, or his property, is in danger from violence or crime,”
16
or if he was “required by [his] business or occupation to travel during the night.”
1871 Kentucky Acts 89, ch. 1888 § 2, ADD38; see also 1878 Mississippi 175, ch.
46 § 1 (exception to general prohibition on concealed weapons where user had been
threatened with attack, or had “good and sufficient reason” to believe they would be
attacked), ADD50. Alabama had a similar “necessity” requirement, in 1873, the
Alabama Supreme Court held that a defendant, arrested and charged with the
concealed carrying of a pistol, had the right to do so if there was “necessity” due to
the “danger incident” to his travel from his home to his place of business in the city.
Eslava v. State, 49 Ala. 355, 356 (1873). However, that right ended once he reached
the city, and if he continued “to bear [the pistol] concealed about his person,” he was
guilty. Id. While these statutes applied to the concealed carrying of weapons, they
likely functioned in a similar manner to the Northern, Western, Texan, and West
Virginian laws cited supra, because the open carrying of weapons was apparently
rare: the Louisiana Supreme Court, for example, referred to “the extremely unusual
case of the carrying of such weapon in full open view.” State v. Smith, 11 La. Ann.
633, 634 (1856); see also State v. Huntly, 25 N.C. 418, 422 (1843) (“[a] gun is an
“unusual weapon”… no man amongst us carries it about with him, as one of his
every day accoutrements… and never we trust will the day come when any deadly
17
weapon will be worn or wielded in our peace loving and law-abiding State, as an
appendage of manly equipment”). 6
By the mid-to-late nineteenth century, several states adopted laws prohibiting
carrying firearms in populated cities while allowing public carriage in rural areas;7
many cities also imposed local public-carry bans. 8 “A visitor arriving in Wichita,
Kansas, in 1873,” for example, “would have seen signs declaring, ‘LEAVE YOUR
6
Other states limited the method of public carry to ways that would be practical only in a situation
of imminent danger. Tennessee prohibited carrying arms other than “openly in [the user’s] hands.”
1871 Tenn. Laws 81, ch. 90, § 1, ADD41. Arkansas enacted similar restrictions. 1881 Ark. Laws
191, 192, ch. 96, § 1-2 (forbidding carrying of any arms except “such pistols as are used in the
army or navy of the United States,” and requiring that they be worn or carried “uncovered,” and
“in [the user’s] hand”), ADD52.
7
See 1869 N.M. Laws 312, Deadly Weapons Act of 1869, ch. 32, § 1 “making it “unlawful for
any person to carry deadly weapons, either concealed or otherwise, on or about their persons within
any of the settlements of this Territory” while providing a narrow self-defense exception), ADD31;
1876 Wyo. Laws 352, ch. 52, § 1 (prohibiting carrying firearms “concealed or openly” “within the
limits of any city, town or village”), ADD48; 1888 Idaho Laws 23, § 1 (making it unlawful “to
carry, exhibit or flourish any … pistol, gun or other-deadly weapons, within the limits or confines
of any city, town or village or in any public assembly”), ADD55; 1889 Ariz. Laws 16, ch. 13, § 1
(prohibiting “any person within any settlement, town, village or city within this Territory” from
“carry[ing] on or about his person, saddle, or in his saddlebags, any pistol.”), ADD57; 1890 Okla.
Laws 495, art. 47, §§ 2, 5 (crime for anyone “to carry upon or about his person any pistol,
revolver,” or “other offensive” weapon, except for carrying “shotguns or rifles for the purpose of
hunting, having them repaired, or for killing animals,” or to use in “military drills, or while
travelling or removing from one place to another”), ADD59; 1903 Okla. Laws 643, ch. 25, art. 45,
§ 584, ADD64.
8
See, e.g., Washington, D.C., Ordinance ch. 5 (1857), ADD208; Nebraska City, Neb., Ordinance
no. 7 (1872), ADD199; Nashville, Tenn., Ordinance ch. 108 (1873), ADD197; Los Angeles, Cal.,
Ordinance nos. 35–36 (1878), ADD196; Salina, Kan., Ordinance no. 268 (1879), ADD203; La
Crosse, Wis., Ordinance no. 14, § 15 (1880), ADD195; Syracuse, N.Y., Ordinances ch. 27 (1885),
ADD206; Dallas, Tex., Ordinance (1887), ADD194; New Haven, Conn., Ordinances § 192 (1890),
ADD200; Checotah, Okla., Ordinance no. 11 (1890), ADD193; Rawlins, Wyo., Ordinances art. 7
(1893), ADD201; Wichita, Kan., Ordinance no. 1641 (1899), ADD210; San Antonio, Tex.,
Ordinance ch. 10 (1899), ADD204; When and Where May a Man Go Armed, S.F. BULLETIN, Oct.
26, 1866, at 5 (“[San Francisco] ordains that no person can carry deadly weapons”), ADD252.
18
REVOLVERS AT POLICE HEADQUARTERS, AND GET A CHECK.’”
Winkler, Gunfight 165 (2011). Dodge City was no different. A sign read: “THE
CARRYING OF FIREARMS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.” Id.
iv. In the Early Twentieth Century, Many States Enact Laws

Coupling the Carrying of Concealed Weapons With a “Good
Cause” Requirement
In the early twentieth century, the United States Revolver Association drafted
a model law to guide the legislative efforts of other states (the “U.S.R.A. Model
Act”). Among many other regulations, the U.S.R.A. Model Act prohibited carrying
concealed weapons without a permit, the issuance of which required a showing of
necessity. See Charles V. Imlay, The Uniform Firearms Act, 12 A.B.A. J. 767, 767
(1926), ADD229.
Pennsylvania, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Alabama
adopted the U.S.R.A. Model Act and required that an applicant for a concealed carry
license show “good reason to fear an injury to his person or property,” or had “any
other proper reason for carrying a firearm,” and that he was a “suitable person to be
so licensed.” 1931 Pa. Laws 497, 498-499, Act 158 § 7, ADD168; 1923 N.D. Acts
379, 381 ch. 226 § 8, ADD106; 1935 S.D. Sess. Laws 355, 356 ch. 208 § 7,
ADD178; 1935 Wash. Sess. Laws 599, 600-601 ch. 172 § 7, ADD183; 1936 Ala.
Laws 51, 52 § 7, ADD190; 1925 Or. Laws 468, 471 ch. 260 § 8, ADD143; see also
1923 Cal. Acts 695, 698-699 ch. 339 § 8 (requiring that the “person applying therefor
19
is of good moral character, and that good cause exists for the issuance thereof”),
ADD197. Michigan, similarly, required that an applicant for a concealed carry
license show that he or she was a “suitable person” to be granted such a license,”
and that there was “reasonable cause therefor.” 1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473, 473-474,
No. 313 § 5, ADD129. New Jersey would issue concealed carry permits once the
issuing judge was “satisfied of the sufficiency of the application,” and “of the need
of such person carrying concealed upon his person.” 1925 N.J. Laws 185, 186, ch.
64 § 2, ADD135. And Indiana enacted a version of a background check, requiring
that the permit application was “signed by two resident householders and freeholders
of the county in which the applicant live[d],” and also that “the applicant is a suitable
person to be granted a permit under the law.” 1925 Ind. 495, 497 ch. 207 § 7,
ADD122. Despite semantic variants, these laws all required a showing of “cause,”
and the suitability of the license applicant prior to carrying arms in public.
Against this historical backdrop of U.S. states enacting good cause public
carry licensing standards, it is clear that the requirements in the Sullivan Act were
no anomaly. 1913 N.Y. Laws 1627, 1628, Ch. 608, ADD71. Rather, they are
widely-accepted regulations that the states throughout the United States have
historically—through their common law and their legislatures—enacted. Because
New York’s current licensing requirements track this history, the public carry
licensing provisions of N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00 are longstanding and constitutional
20
under Heller, and succeed at the first step of the constitutional analysis required by
this Court.
We now turn to the longstanding history of another provision of the Sullivan
Act challenged on appeal: the licensing requirement for the possession of firearms.
C. The Sullivan Act’s Licensing Requirement to Possess Firearms is

Longstanding and Presumptively Constitutional
i. After Passage of the Sullivan Act, Other States Began Passing

Laws Requiring a License, or Government Approval, to
Purchase Firearms
The Sullivan Act’s requirement that firearm owners obtain a permit only after
showing their good moral character and that “no good cause exists for the denial of
such applicant” is consistent with a longstanding tradition. The Sullivan Act
preceded, and indeed precipitated, the passage of those laws identified as
longstanding in Heller. After the Sullivan Act’s enactment, many states followed
New York’s lead by enacting laws requiring government licensing or approval prior
to purchasing firearms. In 1913, Oregon made it a misdemeanor for “any person,
firm or corporation” to “sell at retail, barter, give away or dispose of” a handgun
unless the recipient had a permit, issued by a government official. 1913 Or. Laws
497, ch. 256 s. 1, ADD76. Such a permit would be issued only if the applicant had
provided “an affidavit from at least two reputable freeholders as to the applicant’s
good moral character.” Id at s. 2. Delaware enacted a similar law in 1918, requiring
persons purchasing firearms be “positively identif[ied]” by “at least two freeholders
21
resident in the County where the sale [wa]s made,” and specifically required that the
arms seller could not act as one of the identifying freeholders. 1918-1919 Del. Laws
55, 55-56 ch. 28 § 1, ADD83.
Other states required that the license issuer—often the sheriff or deputy
sheriff—make the “good moral character” determination, or otherwise decide to
grant the license. See, e.g. 1925 Haw. Sess. Laws 790, 793, ch. 128 § 2136,
ADD115. Montana required persons wishing to “purchase, borrow, or otherwise
acquire possession of any firearm” to obtain a permit from the county sheriff, who
would not issue the same until he was “satisfied” that the applicant was “of good
moral character” and did not “desire such firearm or weapon for any unlawful
purpose.” 1918 Mont. Laws 6, 7 ch. 2 § 3 (spelling modernized), ADD79.
Violations were punishable by a fine of no less than $50.00, imprisonment for not
less than ten days and no more than six months, or both. Id. at 9, § 7. North Carolina
required that clerks of the Superior Courts issue a permit to purchase a pistol only
where they were “fully satisf[ied]” “by affidavits, oral evidence, or otherwise, as to
the good moral character of the applicant,” and, moreover, that the applicant
“require[d] the possession of such weapon… for protection of the home.” 1919 N.C.
Sess. Laws 397, 398 ch. 197, § 3, ADD87. Missouri required that any purchaser of
a “firearm of a size which may be concealed upon the person” obtain a permit issued
by the circuit clerk of the county, who had been satisfied that the person applying
22
was “of good moral character,” “lawful age,” and “that the granting of the same will
not endanger the public safety.” 1921 Mo. Laws 691, 692 § 2, ADD91.
Several more states followed New York’s lead in the late 1920’s. In 1927,
Michigan required that any purchaser of a pistol first obtain a license, which would
be denied to any person not “nineteen years of age or over,” who had not resided in-
state for “six months or more,” and “in no event,” would a permit issue to a felon or
someone “adjudged insane.” 1927 Mich. Pub. Acts 887, 887-88, Act 372 § 2,
ADD149. New Jersey required purchasers of pistols or revolvers to secure a “permit
to purchase or carry,” and provided that such permit would be denied if the applicant
was not a “person of good character” or of “good repute in the community in which
he lives.” 1927 N.J. Laws 742, 746 ch. 321 § 9, ADD161.
States’ enactment across the country of licensing laws similar to New York’s
statute shows that New York was no regulatory outlier. Rather, many other
jurisdictions drafted and passed laws that regulated precisely the same ownership of
arms. Because a regulation that has “long been accepted by the public,” in New
York and elsewhere, is “not likely to burden a constitutional right,” Heller II, 670
F.3d 1253, N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00 falls outside the scope of conduct protected by
the Second Amendment.
23
ii. Analogous Laws Requiring a Waiting Period and Background

Checks Are “Close And Longstanding Cousins” of the Sullivan
Act
Finally, the Court should look to “close and longstanding cousins” of the
Sullivan Act’s license to possess requirement to confirm that it does not burden
conduct protected by the Second Amendment. Kachalsky, 701 F.3d at 91
(distinguishing law regulating public carry of arms, which has “a number of close
and longstanding cousins,” from law held unconstitutional in Heller).
In response to the regulations imposed on firearm owners by the Sullivan Act
and other states’ moves towards a permit-to-purchase system, the United States
Revolver Association drafted the U.S.R.A. Model Act.9 The U.S.R.A. Model Act
introduced several of the regulations identified as “longstanding” in Heller. 554
U.S. 626-627. Among other things, the legislation articulated many of the modern
categories of people prohibited from possessing and purchasing firearms, such as
felons, non-citizens, and minors; required the licensing of firearms dealers; required
sellers to transmit detailed sales records to local law enforcement; created a
registration system for newly purchased arms; and imposed a one day waiting period
between filing the paperwork to purchase a firearm and receipt. See Charles V.
Imlay, The Uniform Firearms Act, 12 A.B.A. J. 767, 767 (1926); ADD229. During
9
See supra at 20-21 for discussion regarding the U.S.R.A. Model Act’s coupling of a necessity
requirement to a license to concealed carry firearms.
24
this mandatory “waiting period” between the time of purchase and delivery of a
firearm, records were collected by the dealer and submitted to law enforcement for
review as part of its background check on the purchaser. See Sportsmen Fight
Sullivan Law, 23 J. Criminology 665 (1932), ADD241. The National Conference of
Commissioners on Uniform State Laws approved a revised version of this law as the
Uniform Firearms Act in 1926. Id. The regulations set forth by the Uniform
Firearms Act were supported by influential firearms organizations, including the
National Rifle Association, which lobbied fiercely for its adoption. Id. Almost
immediately, several states enacted variations of the regulations on prohibited
persons set forth in the U.S.R.A. Model Act.10 New York adopted similar
regulations in its rules, while maintaining the Sullivan Act’s licensing requirement
for the possession of firearms that predated the U.S.R.A. Model Act. See N.Y. Penal
Code § 400.00(c)-(j) (no license shall issue to an applicant “convicted anywhere of
a felony or a serious offense,” who is “a fugitive from justice,” or has been
“involuntarily committed to a facility” under the mental hygiene law). In 2008, the
Supreme Court held that many of the U.S.R.A. Model Act’s regulations—
10
See, e.g., 1923 Cal. Stat. 695, 696-97 § 2 (California), ADD97; 1923 Conn. Pub. Acts 3707 ch.
252 § 3, ADD103; 1923 N.D. Laws 379, 380 ch 266 § 5 (North Dakota), ADD106; 1923 N.H.
Laws 138, ch. 118 § 6 (New Hampshire), ADD112; 1925 Ind. Acts 495, 495-496 ch. 207 § 4
(Indiana), ADD122; 1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473, 474 §§ 6-7 (Michigan), ADD129; 1925 Or. Laws
468 ch. 260 § 2 (Oregon), ADD143; 1931 Tex. Gen. Laws 447, 448 ch. 267 § 4 (Texas), ADD174;
1931 Pa. Laws 497, 499 § 9 (Pennsylvania), ADD168; 1935 S.D. Sess. Laws 355, 356 § 9 (South
Dakota), ADD178; 1935 Wash. Sess. Laws 599, 601 § 9 (Washington), ADD183; 1936 Ala. Laws
51, 53 § 9 (Alabama), ADD190.
25
“prohibitions on the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill,” and “laws
imposing conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of arms,” among the
non-“exhaustive” list—were “longstanding,” and “presumptively lawful” under the
Second Amendment. Heller, 554 U.S. at 626–27. If the regulations imposed by the
U.S.R.A. Model Act are considered sufficiently “longstanding” so as to fall beyond
the scope of the Second Amendment, the license-to-possess requirement of N.Y.
Penal Law § 400.00—which predated the creation of the U.S.R.A Model Act—also
passes this test, and is “presumptively lawful” under Heller.
* * *
A long tradition of laws throughout the United States and in pre-founding
England makes clear that “good moral character” and “good cause” requirements
for firearm carrying, possession, and ownership were historically accepted and
understood as lawful regulations on the right to bear arms. N.Y. Penal Law §
400.00; see Drake, 724 F.3d at 429-430 (requirement that applicants demonstrate
“justifiable need” to publicly carry handgun qualifies as “presumptively lawful,”
“longstanding” regulation not burdening the Second Amendment); Heller, 554
U.S. 570, 626-627 (“longstanding,” “presumptively lawful” regulatory measures
are beyond scope of the Second Amendment). Laws requiring good cause to carry
weapons in public have roots going back to the founding and are clearly outside
the scope of the Second Amendment. Accordingly, a licensing law with such
26
limitations is constitutional and falls beyond the scope of the Second Amendment.
As applied to New York’s firearms possession licensing law, it is clear that the
requirement that permits to possess firearms issue only to those with “good moral
character” for “whom no good cause exists for the denial” fits squarely within our
historical tradition, and does not burden conduct protected by the Second
Amendment. Were it otherwise, the licensing rules, and other, analogous
regulations enacted by a majority of states and many cities by the early twentieth
century, would have been unconstitutional. This Court should apply the proper
step one analysis and hold that New York’s firearms licensing system for both
possession and public carry is longstanding, presumptively lawful, and does not
burden conduct protected by the Second Amendment.
CONCLUSION
For the forgoing reasons this Court should apply the correct step one standard
and affirm the District Court’s decision at both steps of the two-part Second
Amendment analysis.
/s/Nicole Gueron________________
Nicole Gueron
Ashleigh Hunt
New York, N.Y. 10001
Telephone: 212.633.4310
Facsimile: 646.478.9484
Email: ngueron@cgr-law.com
27
Eric Tirschwell
Mark Anthony Frassetto
EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY
132 East 43rd Street #457
New York, NY 10017
Dated: September 20, 2018
28
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
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This brief complies with the typeface requirements of F.R.A.P. 32(a)(5) and
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Roman font.
/s/Nicole Gueron________________
Nicole Gueron
Ashleigh Hunt
New York, N.Y. 10001
Telephone: 212.633.4310
Facsimile: 646.478.9484
Email: ngueron@cgr-law.com
Dated: September 20, 2018
29
ADDENDUM
Table of Contents
American statutes
1686 N.J. Laws 289, 289–90, ch. 9................................................................... ADD1

1694 Mass. Laws 11.......................................................................................... ADD4
1699 N.H. Laws 1 ............................................................................................. ADD6
1786 Va. Laws 35, ch. 49 ............................................................................... ADD13
1792 N.C. Laws 60, ch. 3................................................................................ ADD14
1801 Tenn. Laws 260-261, § 6 ....................................................................... ADD18
1836 Mass. Laws 748, 750, ch. 134, § 16....................................................... ADD20
1838 Wisc. Laws 381, § 16 ............................................................................. ADD21
1841 Me. Laws 709, ch. 169, § 16 .................................................................. ADD22
1846 Mich. Laws 690, 692, ch. 162, § 16....................................................... ADD23
1847 Va. Laws 127, 129, ch. 14, § 16. ........................................................... ADD26
1851 Minn. Laws 526, 528, ch. 112, § 18 ...................................................... ADD27
1853 Or. Laws 218, 220, ch. 16, § 17 ............................................................. ADD29
1861 Pa. Laws 248, 250, § 6 ........................................................................... ADD30
1869 N.M. Laws 312, ch. 32, § 1.................................................................... ADD31
1870 W. Va. Laws 702, 703, ch. 153, § 8....................................................... ADD35
1871 Kentucky Acts 89, ch. 1888 § 2. ............................................................ ADD38
1871 Tenn. Laws 81, ch. 90, § 1. .................................................................... ADD41
1871 Tex. Laws 25, ch. 34 § 1. ....................................................................... ADD43
1873 Minn. Laws. 1025, § 17 ......................................................................... ADD46
1876 Wyo. Laws 352, ch. 52 .......................................................................... ADD48
1878 Mississippi 175, ch. 46 § 1..................................................................... ADD50
1881 Ark. Laws 191, 192, ch. 96, § 1-2. ........................................................ ADD52
1888 Idaho Laws 23, § 1. ................................................................................ ADD55
1889 Ariz. Laws 16, ch. 13, § 1 ...................................................................... ADD57
1890 Okla. Laws 495, art. 47, §§ 2, 5. ............................................................ ADD59
1891 W. VA. Laws 915, ch. 148, § 7. ............................................................ ADD61
1903 Okla. Laws 643, ch. 25, art. 45, § 584 ................................................... ADD64
1911 New York Sess. Laws 442-445.............................................................. ADD66
1913 N.Y. Laws 1627, Ch. 608 ...................................................................... ADD71
1913 Or. Laws 497, ch. 256 s. 1 ..................................................................... ADD76
i
1918 Mont. Laws 6, 7 ch. 2 § 3 ...................................................................... ADD79

1918-1919 Del. Laws 55, 55-56 ch. 28 § 1..................................................... ADD83
1919 N.C. Sess. Laws 397, 398 ch. 197, § 3. ................................................. ADD87
1921 Mo. Laws 691, 692 § 2 .......................................................................... ADD91
1923 Cal. Acts 695, 698-699 ch. 339 § 8 ....................................................... ADD97
1923 Conn. Pub. Acts 3707 ch. 252 § 3 ....................................................... ADD103
1923 N.D. Acts 379, 381 ch. 226 § 8............................................................ ADD106
1923 N.H. Laws 138, ch. 118 § 6 ................................................................. ADD112
1925 Haw. Sess. Laws 790, 793, ch. 128 § 2136. ........................................ ADD115
1925 Ind. 495, 497 ch. 207 § 7 ..................................................................... ADD122
1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473, 473-474, No. 313 § 5 ........................................ ADD129
1925 N.J. Laws 185, 186, ch. 64 § 2............................................................. ADD135
1925 Or. Laws 468, 471 ch. 260 § 8 ............................................................. ADD143
1927 Mich. Pub. Acts 887, 887-88, Act 372 § 2. ......................................... ADD149
1927 N.J. Laws 742, 746 ch. 321 § 9............................................................ ADD161
1931 Pa. Laws 497, 498-499, Act 158 § 7.................................................... ADD168
1931 Tex. Gen. Laws 447, 448 ch. 267 § 4 .................................................. ADD174
1935 S.D. Sess. Laws 355, 356 ch. 208 § 7 .................................................. ADD178
1935 Wash. Sess. Laws 599, 600-601 ch. 172 § 7 ....................................... ADD183
1936 Ala. Laws 51, 52 § 7. ........................................................................... ADD190
American municipal ordinances

Checotah, Okla., Ordinance no. 11 (1890) ................................................... ADD193
Dallas, Tex., Ordinance (1887) ..................................................................... ADD194
La Crosse, Wis., Ordinance no. 14, § 15 (1880)........................................... ADD195
Los Angeles, Cal., Ordinance nos. 35–36 (1878) ......................................... ADD196
Nashville, Tenn., Ordinance ch. 108 (1873) ................................................. ADD197
Nebraska City, Neb., Ordinance no. 7 (1872). ............................................. ADD199
New Haven, Conn., Ordinances § 192 (1890) .............................................. ADD200
Rawlins, Wyo., Ordinances art. 7 (1893) ..................................................... ADD201
Salina, Kan., Ordinance no. 268 (1879). ...................................................... ADD203
San Antonio, Tex., Ordinance ch. 10 (1899) ................................................ ADD204
Syracuse, N.Y., Ordinances ch. 27 (1885).................................................... ADD206
Washington, D.C., Ordinance ch. 5 (1857) .................................................. ADD208
ii
Wichita, Kan., Ordinance no. 1641 (1899) ................................................... ADD210
State Constitutions
Md. Declaration of Rights of 1776, § III ...................................................... ADD212
English statutes
1328 2 Edw. III, 258 Statute of Northampton .............................................. ADD219
Books and articles

A Bill for the Office of Coroner and Constable, Mar. 1, 1682. .................... ADD221
Ban Hidden Weapons on Sullivan’s Plea, N.Y. TIMES, May 11, 1911 ........ ADD222
City Intelligence, BOSTON COURIER (Boston, Mass.), Mar. 7, 1853. ........... ADD226
City Items, RICHMOND WHIG (Richmond, Va.), Sept. 25, 1860................... ADD227
Imlay, Charles V., ABA Journal vol. 12 Issue 11 (1926)............................. ADD229
Niles, The Connecticut Civil Officer 154 (1833) ......................................... ADD235
Recorders Court, OREGONIAN (Portland, Or.), Aug. 6, 1867 ....................... ADD238
Revolver Killings Fast Increasing, N.Y. TIMES, Jan. 30, 1911 .................. ADD239
Sportsmen Fight Sullivan Law, 23 J. Criminology 665 (1932) .................... ADD241
Story of Shooting Told by Witnesses, N.Y. TIMES, Aug. 10, 1910 ........... ADD242
Stricter Weapons Law, N.Y. TIMES, May 30, 1911 ................................... ADD243
Stronger Ban on Pistols, N.Y. TIMES, Feb. 17, 1911 .................................. ADD244
Topics of the Times, N.Y. TIMES, April 27, 1911 ...................................... ADD245
VERMONT TELEGRAPH, Feb. 7, 1838 ............................................................. ADD246
Weapons Bill Passes, N.Y. TIMES, May 16, 1911 ...................................... ADD247
When and Where May a Man Go Armed, S.F. BULLETIN, Oct. 26, 1866 .... ADD252
iii
ADD1
Laws passed in [686. 2S9

ny pPI''''Il~a~ Ih, 'y ~h:tl i think fir. 1101 .. x,· ...·,lill/! "'\'1'11. III
Illakt' ()}'(I,~)'~ frllm ril l1l~ 10 rilll t'. ;0;11('11 a" 111:1,\' Itt' :O-Ilitahlt· amI
b~IIt'lil'ial 1'''1' "I'(,I'Y 1»\1'11. ,·illa."." hamlt'I, »1' Ill'ighbuurhllutl,
fol' l'rt'I'>"lIlill.!!' all l,al'l1ls h.l· "rill". ill lUII'll, 111t'a,low",
pa~tlln" alltl ganl"ll~, in any 1'... ~}l("· I . anti I" impI'''' pt'llal-
lit '., :u"'''l',lillg To Ih .. il' he~ 1 (li'iL' l'el i"Il~.
Chap. \,111.
An Act appollltlllg some new Commis-
sioners of the High\\'ays.
\~llEIIE.\::; IIten' Ira~ all :)('f lIIatl,.. in Ih .. ' 'Hal' w,-;~, fo\'
l' Ih ... ,'ulllll y o( ~["IIII1"lllh. I" "llahlt.. (',,1. [~'wi s ~I tll'l'is,
,J"hll BOUIl'\. alll[ ,1'N'ph 1':11-1;,.0 1'. I" lay "III highwa y." p:Js·
sa""".
, f"IT\"s
.. , alill lila kin!!'" ht-itl ".·~ alll[ Sllt'll likl': Ih"l'e
being: lill'''''' of Iho ...· I"·]',,,n, di"'lIahlell [01' Ih,'I]'II>'I, .. rr"] 'III-
all,'" "I' Ih .. sai>! "·l'ri,'t'.' , I),' if 11,"0;/""" "I/I, d,,/ hy IhH
(; ""·"I'nol'. (,", IIlt'i I and ])"[IIi1i"., 11"11' nlPI and ass"lllhl ,~tl ,
an,[ hy Ihl' alll h" I'iIY ,d' Ill>' ':lIII". llial ,1,,11Il .Froglll,'rlon,
.Johll :-1 o('a III t', :11,,1 XiI'hol:" 111'0'1'11, in Jill" sl"a>! all'[ 1'11011\
of CuI. L"wis ~["I'l'i~, .I,,J111 BUilllIl. alill ,IIISI'I,1I Park, 'r, he
lIl:ltl .. l':Jl'"hlo' alllll""I',·hy illl',·,t",[ with tllP sallH" 1'''1\'('1' to
all illtt'n t~ alll[ JlIII'Jl" ~t'S III th,' ~ai,[ pr"llli,,", a" ih,' af'Il'I! '
~ai([ C.. J. Lewis ~1"l'ri" ,J,,1I11 Buuud. :l1l,1 .I,,,,·ph 1'al'k .. r,
w"l'e hy th," "aid al'ls,
Cilal', 1,\.
An Act against wearing Swords, &c.

l'lTlIEHE,\~ tlIPr... hal]] I.·,·u .~T' ·al ,'oJlll'iailil I,y lil,· in-
tl' haiJilallt, or Ihis ('I'orilll· .... that 'el·~l'alp~I"\ln~ 1I"'al'-
in ,~ SlWI'II:<. Ilaggl'l's, 1,j~lob. <lil'ks, still:ulo,''', ~kf'in('~, 01'
any oth~1' ullusu al or unlaw ful \I',·;il.,n" 1;,1' l'I':J""1 o( wliil'h
SI'I't'11t1 pel',olls in ! hi~ l 'l'm'ill"'" l'I'l'l'ir," gn'al abuse,. anll
pllt ill g,,",,1 fc"" allo! 'l"" l'l'cb, :11,,1 ,'liallt'] Ig-~, malle. 10 th e
!!,I'cat ab",,~ of the i"habilallt~ of thi s l'lm·i"I·.... IIPl'! I/I"/'/!-
j"rt} enacted loy th.· (;UI't'I'II0l·. :1I1t1 eOlllldL and Jh'pllties
now 1Ilf'l in (;"neral ,\ ~semloly, and loy au t huri!~' of t h,' ,a me,
fhat Jll) pel'sun "1' persoll" within this Pn,l'illt'e, )lr" sume
to send allY challenge in writing, by wonl I)f mOllt h,
\!)
ADD2
2<)0 Laws passed in I ()%,
(II' H]f '..:...:n!.!·... It I :tll~· l'l')'~()ll In f i ,~..dlf . HI'lin pain of lu~ jll .!.! Uti·
1" ·j.... ,llll'd dllrill~ l1H' ~ l':H'" :-oix 11111 11111 .... withouT ha il 01'
III'
m:lill) '!'iz,', :llId r"!'f,,il "'11 1," II lid, : :11111 wJI"~"PI'l' !' shnll "X,
(,,',,1 IIr ' 111'\, ( 'I I: III"I1 ~'" alld 11111 .]is('I)I"I'!' lilt' S:llllp to th ..
(;"\'/ 'I'lt l !l ', 1.1' ...... · '111' l'lll di !')\. IlfIi"PI' elr .llf' ]If-':H'I'. ~hall f.tl'fpir
Ih,' -11111 " I' " '11 1",1111.]': 11,0' 1111" Jll lli"ly III' tl,,' ,:ri,1 fo!'f.. illl !'''
f" I II' I,aid 111111 1 !I" . r,·.·a . . !! I·. ')' 1'0)' ,ltl-' l illl l' hl'ill.w'. [01' rllt~
, 'I!1 di ,' II'" of ' )1 1' PI'ur i,!!"', :l w1 th.· dtl11~l' 1IlIli t·t ~· to ~lIdl
I H'),-'llll III' 111. '.... 0\1 .... :1' ... 1,:l1J ,1i'I'orl'l' tli,' :': 11111', :llld HI: t1, l' ]II'IlOI'
11/1'1'1'111' ill :1 11 ," ( ' 0 111 " II I' J't '('I II,d withill t hi ~ PI 'orinl'f'. to hI' I'",
""" '!''''' h,' Ih,' 1I>1 l: ri :,,'li"l1 "f lit-lot. ill :llIy"r til<' s:lil l
1'11111 r... .111,IIH il ,rlldllf,. I Jl flf'/tlJ hy 'lu" allthol' il ~' :tfll l 'f>.
!":tid. Ih:H JIll 111 ".....1111 I I)' I Jl' r ...oll .... :t f ft 'l' plIl tli l'ar ion it l'l·P()f.
,"a ll 11(""'11111" "rir:If"l y III ,,','ar all,l' I" ... k..r pislII!' , k"jw '"
sli ll:rd ,' r-, da!.!"!.!""I" "I' dil'k-;, III' IIth"r 1I1111'lIal III' IInia ll' 1'111
w":q loll": wit hi ll fh i . . P)"od n("l ', llpll ll jU>lI:dt y fill' til,· fil'~t
110 1111 1[:-;, :11\1\ III lip t' I' 11I1Hiffl,d I I,\" :l lly jll ., tit"· or
1111','III',·lh·,·
1111'1"':11"', lii ,- "':IITa II I lo,.j'"r,' wlt lllli ]'1"" '1' 111<'1'1,,01' sliall h,'
Hlad r', w hll b 1It ' I ·! ' h~' illllhllrizf·d 10 rlJltplll'!' of :Iud }H '!)('''''-'.1 ill
IIII' -alii" , :l lI d 1;" "1 ' ill ~1I' lo,l,I' lill hp hatll l,ai<1 Ih .., "rid Iii'"
1"'1111 '1." 1111,' 11 :r1 J' ttl Ih"plIl ,J ir' 11'<':""'1',1' fol' II,P "'" of lid"
I'I'I,rill< "', all.) Ih,' IIII"'I'Ii: d J' III Ih,' illfol'lll"I': . \",1 if Sill'l,
1"'1''' ,I I , h:d l "~,,ill ,,1)" 'lId a~"ill,t thi ' la"", II<' sha ll 100, illlik ..
III;III II ,'\' ,'''l1ll l1ill ,'.) 1111 ,1111 )'1""'1' tlll'I','" f 1>..[111"':1'1," jllstie,' of
t ht' p"at"' t Itl lIlt· ('1I11111l 1111 .!!:IHI. th, ·I'!' to l't'lllain ti l1 th p Ih'xt
="'1 ·........ i.llI ..... ;11111 1I1" ltll ·tlllrir·th,ll rlt"l't·()f hy n·'J·l lier of I\n·lrt'
"1< '11, ,ha ll I"'("' i\",' .i\llkllll '1I1 I" I,,, ill p!'i'''11 "'ix nllllllh,
:111.) I'a,l' 1"11 1'''"11.)' 1'01' th .. II',' af"n',,,id , , l lIf//". it '/lIr-
/!,.,. . " " .1,, /1,,' Iii" alllll"l'il ,' :1 1'' ' I'' ', :ri .), Ihal II" I'I:r II I,'r ,hall
rid,· I I)' !,!.JI :l1')]II·rI \ri lll ~ \\" fll'd. Ili . . I')!. 0)' d:l.1!'.!.!"" l'. npon th,J
}1I·n:dlY or Ii,! · 1ItllI II« I..;. III IH' h,d,·!l ;I"; :l flll'I':-.:lid. ,"xc"plill.!.!;
:I II " iii""!,,,, " i,il :1I1<llIIilil:IJ'I , :111,1 ,,,loI i,·l" wll il.. in :1<'11Ial
,,'ni ,"', " ':11'1' :111 ' 11':ltl l:,'r" t r:II""lIilll! 111'''" tl"'ir 1:111 fill 11( ' ,
(':I..;illll '" 111t'I .· tlli..; Pro' illf" ', h"It:td n .~ ( li f·'lIl:-:!·lrl'S pp:u'pahly ,
ADD3
/0 A,mo ReS"i Quarto OuIielmi S Mar...

n~ ' I "\I" A!; Il limllcr it is EmDcd by the Autholity afUIClbiu, Th~t JII ril1l:~. Penal-
;'::,::I:;<~ ~~ 11('(, :In..! Forfei tures Hiring by ,Cree lnt! virtue of this ACI, jh~1l br, rllI! Ollt!
~ ,n.;lhd'i I bl!" to Their M.1ienie~. towlrd~ d\l~ Support ot the ti l)lJ~ rnnlc nt of this PIO_
'I~~"'::-I:~I "ince, ~1l<.1 the OIlier )·blf 10 him or them (lilt fll1il ml;nm mol tue 'ur Ibc J1rnc
1."lIell.I.,ft!>., ill ,IUY 01 Their Majdb:J Courts of Record wi, hill Ihis PHlviIlC<!.
kl,,,.... .¥ l~ E it further linJttClt It" the AuthoritY;lfolT(lid, That there llc i1 M":lfurcr
~'i~·t':J~. (If .').111, ,Inti Cullrr of I·Jlh in e~cry ~J.-p?ft TO\YII withiu l.h~, Pr?~inc~:, tu be
,,'.
.lrl'''illl~.I. ~u afOrfflid, who being hktw,(c (wum fur the (1II1I1u1 DI(chlrge
"I Ih:ll Office, 1h,1I cull 311 merchanllblc filb, :lnd IIIc;JJure j.I! S;i.lt tlul full
\·c imro'tcJ "lid fold out of Jlly Ship or uther Vdfc1 , ~ml)hlll tu.ve Three-
h,M Pl'U(e lor eVery Hoglhcld of Slit by him 1\1 mufure~nu he p~id, the one
'.h ~ f hy till" Iluyer, .the other IIJlf ~.lY the ~ cl lc, i alJd.()lIe p~I1Y prT Q;1iDral
t(lf ('\'CIY QlilllJi 01 l1\t'rdlanrJu\c bib. by hnn (ulledt to bt paid, (')111: Hllf by
th- UII)'Cr, llld the mher H.:l lfby Ihe S~lIcl.
rh. All All for the Plmijbing of Criminal Offenders.

\.' ."' ~ ' J
" ~ •.: •• ' I·
E il l~nl ..rkd :mc.l Orcbincd by t h~ Gun'mor, Council, .1ud Rcpre(entt-
( " i ; "" i
::t'A c.'''';.
B live, . in GenetJi Loul1 rultnli>!ed, and by the Au:horiry of the fame,
T h:u if ally Verfon or Pcr{oos Ih.ll proJlb:mely S\\'~;r or Cwfe in ,nc
llt uing of Jny Ju(lice uf lite PeJ(C, or null be dlo.:rcof (01lvi8rd by dIe 0ldu
01.' T\\~ J \\' imclres, ur CooftHiun of lite l;:iny, belore JUy Jurlice or Jullices
01 !ill' I\':~CC, C\'l'ry (uch Olfl'r~r fbJI farfeit lnd IU)' unto the V IC of the
Poor of the TO'.lIn whl're thl' UtlCfl(C Ihlll be commim:·d. t~ Slim of Fi\"e
~h i llinss i and if the Ofti:nder be nl>! ~bJe to ply the r~id Sum, then to be fee
in the Stocks. not e~c«ding Two Houn: And if any Perron o.a11 utter more
proJihane O;lrhs or Cude, It che fame rimc, lind in hearil1g of the fAme Perron
or I'erfom. he ilialJ torfejt anJ ply to ·d1l.' Ure alOref.id, the SIQ of Twdve
J~(,I1(e Jin C\'l'ry o;uh or Curle :tfcer the tir:l, or be ret in [lie SlDcks Three
J·rOllr~.
P 1\ 0 f I rn 0, Tim eVl!ry off,met 19linfl thi s bw fhlll be complJineu of,
lUJ pruvcd, :IS :llorcCaid, withtn Thirty l>l1' $ nexI lifter the O~n(e com-
mitted.
ru k"I1i Ell it is En.lllcd by the Authoriry IIforcClid, That enry Pcrron con-
"Wed of Drunkenm:{s by VIC"\Y of :lIly }unlee of I'C3CC, Cunfcffioll tithe Pmy.
nr Ol ths I)f Two Wimelfes, fuch Penon (0 conllicn:d , lh::rll Jerfett. and JDY
unto the VCe of tllC Poor of d~ TOIlo'n WI\lHe (llch Offence is commiurd, the
JUro of Five ShilJing$ for every fucn O~ ; lnd jf the Of!'cndu ·},t unable
top:ty ,he (aid Sum, II') be. {et In the Stock.s,r>Ot ~tted i ns Thlce ,Hou~,ll the
Oikrc tion of the Jullice or Julliw heron: wt... ; 11 the ConviQion {hall be ; An,j
upon :I fecond COnviCtion ofDrunkenncCs, every (uch Olfcndet. ovo" ~nd :lOOtc
rhe Perul!)' lroref~id. fh311 be bound with T \\'o 5uleael in the Slim orTen
Pounds, ",ith Candillon fOr t~ good Ikha'l jour ; .:ltd klr WJ2n of (iJch !turai ~.
Ihl ll be fent to the Comrr.on GOll until hi:: find· the £lme.
p 11.1') V I D~ D. Th3t no Penon ih3ll be impe<lched or RloleOed. for :any Offfna:
'gsinn lilis AEt. " nlds he fttal l be thett of Preftnrtd, Ihdilltd, or·C.onvlllr.d,
tvilhin Six Montbs ~fter the otrence corttmltted., and the .1ufiic(' Dc JulliQt5
'before whom .Cotl\'ia.ioo ci :lny of die .fbreflid OifeDCCl {b,1I be, ,Ire heoeby
inlpowered "1nd , umorizcd ro reftr~in or commit the .O~niel l Wlril t~ fine
Yll"lpofed for fam ~nce be flli~~d; (ff (0 cufe Ihe ·fame to ~ jl!ViM by Di~
flrefs :lnd SJ(e of tbe ulfendl:r's Good ~ , by W;trnnt direded to the O!llfb~Je,
rctUtnHl~
App. 013
ADD4
-
AmlO Reg"; Quarto Guli.ltni & Maria!.
." . ak ..
It
tduruiug liN OVCI'plu£ ( if any be.) Alllixh nnes (0 Le levied within VII\,:
W~d. n(Jtt alier f\l~h COllv/ttiofl, and delivered to the Sd~l-JlIc ll. IJr O~cr.
leers of the Poor, (or tile Uf~ of t'le Pow, ;u ~fQldaid,
I T i~ li.mhcr I:'mltt'tl am! OrJaillcd IIy dll! Au,harh), lfor~r.ucl, Tim who.- TI,';',
(.ICvcr th;]11 {Ic~ll)l' p'lHloill :my MOlley, GooJ~. or Clutleh, ~il\~ Ih\!rcof
(onvitteJ by Confc!lion. or fullicicmt Will1er. ~Ip<l n Q~dl, every fuch Otfenuu
ih~lllodcil trcWe the V:lluc of thl! MOllc),. Goods) or Chaucls fo Auln O{
purloined. Ulll0 til' OWller or Owneu thereof i ;lnu lie (willet jlunilhcd. by
fine or WhiVpinS. 1, the Di/action of die Coun or J UfiKl'S tiLl! II;I\'C Cngni-
L.In(C of fueh OtfCII(C, uot uxu:(dir~ tile SUIn (If HI'e POLUuls, or Twenty
St rire~: And irany (ueh Oifl!l:uer be 1Ilul:.le to Il\:tke }{cfiitution, or p.ly fu..:h
Threelold DJn1:lgcs, fueh Olilmucr fhall be cnjo,'llcd 10 make S:lIi~lil (l i ol1 by
$crvi(e i :lI1d till: I'rofecuto r !llall~, Jnd here by is impol\'cl1:Q to JiIPo!i: of
lite faid Olfentlcr in Service to ~ny of Their MajcAi\:s .s~bi«h, for [ueh Term
113 Ibllt be ~{]ibnd by thc Cnurt or futli ce, Ixfora whom the Prort'cution l\'.iS.
Aud every juJ!kc III the I'e ..(( ill alC COUnty wlierr': fueh Offl':nce is commit·
tl'll, or where the Tllier Dull he ;lppr~hclldeJ, is here!>y ;luthorizcd to htH
ond determine all Ofl~nces ag1inll tins L l W: Provided, Ih:u: the V.mug!! ex-
ceed no: Ihe Sum of Forty SlliUinp. And if ~ ny Pelion !lull commit nut~la ry ~ '''~t.,y;nJ
by brclk.io b lip any DlVdJing~lO\lk, W"n:-houfc , Shop, Mill, Malt-haufe, 11.:<0, ,;-,
UHn,Ollt-hollfe.or lny Ship or o~r Velfd Iyill!,; within Ihe Body (If dlC Coun·
t)', or &.1 11 rob ~I)' Perroll in tile Ficl<l or Hi&h-wJYli, cvery l'eifon fo rnr~lld-
ing: ilIJIl. \lpon Convid ioll, I.n: lmndeJ. on tlte FordK:ad witll t/le l.etter B;
:mu upon a !C(Ql1l! Convi(tion, !lllil be fet upon the Glllow,l for the rp~ce at
Une lWIIr, with, Rope lhotlt hit No.!ck, :til..! Olle End thereof c3{l o~w Iho.!
GollloIV5, Jnd be fcvo.!rcl y WhipI, !lOt e~{(uiing Thirty ltine Suipes; ~lld u!'On
2 third COl1vj(lion of thl: like Offt:llte, lliJIl f\j"~r the Pains of Death, .lsking
Im:urrigibleJ and Hull likewifc, !Ipon tlte 6rfi lnti rC((JIlU COllv itiiollS, PJy
ucbh: llullages (0 the l'my illjureu. ~~ i~ prov ided in (Jfc ofTheft.
A ~ n it h funner I!n~(e{1 by the AlIIlloriry :lfme(.liti. That if lny Mlil "omb::"
t:ommit l~rniCJljnJ) wit.h Jny til-.gle WOn1all, upon due Convidion thereof, they
flull be IineO UIl!O Their .'V!JJcfhl'~, not c):(cctiin!; the S~m of Five Pounds;
or be co:-pt)ro1ily pllllilhed by Whir, pillg, no: c)(cceJilig Ten Stripes ;!piece, ~t
the DifCKtioll 01 the SclIioos of lIe Po.:;w~·, who (lull hal'e CI.l~\\iz;lIl(c of the
OffCIICC' . Ar,,1 he Ifllt is iLCtufed loy illy Woman 10 \.I: tilc Fa,ber {lf a Bllbrd 11'1 , ,,.11',_
Child, bct,'ottell of her .Body, !he (r:om!llui~ con[l,In: ill 'uch A((,ufJ [ ion~ ~jll~. :;;,';,( • u,..
f'l(:lmincd upon OAth, Jltd pm upon tlie Ditl:ovnry 01 the Truth ttl the umc 01
hcr Tr.w"il, i1un be adilJdlled the Repmed Fltttcr of filch Child, nOl\vith-
Ibndinl; hil Denial, 1I.IId UllIG charge4 with tho! M..I.inteiUlICI': th"'[COI~ with tile
At~ILtn" of the Mother, OLS the J"(\ilrS in rile QIIJn<:r-Sdlioni .fb~U order ,
lDJ sivc S.writy to perform the I"jd Order, :lI1d to r.l\'C the Town or Pkcc
.....1\l.1C lucll dlild IS lxun, lio;: from Olarge lor its MJi1llelliuCc ; alll.l IJlJ)' Ile
committed to PriJ.clIl until ilc lind Sureties for the! bme, unlers the PICJS an(:!
l)rov&' nud.; .lJtd produ.ced on the behalf of the M Jn ;lccuff'd, ~lld Otbt!f Cir·
ulmll~ , be fu,11 ,15 rhejWlice • .ib.11t (QC fafon to jud<>e him innocent, :lnd.
u quit hinl lhereof, ~lld olll'twifc dUpefc of Ihl': Chill: ADd every Jufi iGe
of t~ Pe1'e. upon his Difuetion, m~y birxl to thc nt:u QJatt(r-Sdti~
him th.u h clwr&\:J (pi' litfpdl«l 10 ha"c begOlu:n a &nata Child ; ..nd if
the Womm be cO[ then ddi"ered, tbe SeflioDs may ordo- me Cominu.anGe
Of Rt'ntU:JI of Ills Bond, that he may be lunb-<oming when the OUld is
bom.
F u .. rll ! '" it is Ena{lell by the Authority aJor6k.l, T~t every julli'c elf !' ....cs ~" ••
rilC Peu:c in the Co.unIY where the Offence is ,ommiltca. may C;lufe to be k:!~ <II
Ra.id Uld mdled. ill Affc.lyers, fli otels, DiO:llrbets. or DrcUer5 of the Pe3ce,
aad filch ;t~ Hull ride or ISU Hluf:d Offi:nlively bf:forc any ofTi1t:..ir Ma.jdiitlO
judices, or mber Their Officers or MiDiJ1ers doing lhf:ir 06XI':, Of e!fewhett'.
by
App. 014
Digilizcd rrom Ik>I Ccpy A,"ai l.bl;

ADD5
AnNO l~t.'gl1j Quarto Gulidmi f3 Mari:f.

oy Ni~11( or by 1),IY, ill FCJt or Affray of Their M.,jcllic, Licl,;c People; and
lilch OItM:l'S J~ Jh311 lIUI:r ;I1IY Menaces or '1lreJming Spttdlcs; Jod Ilpon
Vic\\' of fud l Junice or 'ul1i(l:~, Confdliun of [he I'my, or O{ltcr 1l'lpl <':on-
dttion (Jf lny (uch Offence. thlll cnnlmit the Offender [(l Prifon, unti l h" fino
!o;uretie~ for the Pelce ;lIld good Beha\'im.lr, and fdu' llltl take aWl)' I[j~ Ar-
muur Or We~l"ons, ~l1d !hall Clufe them 10 he 1pprileJ 1ml lnlivl'red to [h~
[~" ..·',"f ,',· King l~ for(cited: And mly fUI·ther pllnilh the I1rt.I..:1l of Ihe PeJee, ill any
I·,.... PcrI(;1I Ih,lt Ihlll (mite or lirike 1notller, hy Fine 10 Ihe King, nut exceeding
T""t'my Shillings, alit.! rC'1l1ire &111.1 with Suretic~ fur the (i(Jce, or bint! the
Ofl"tntirr (J\'l'" ttl :mfwcr il ~t lhe next Sl'Hinm of the PC;IH', J~ die NJnlrc or
i"" i J,!_ h, . . ( .ircu01ItJnce of Ihe orfl'nre lilly he; :lIld m~y JIllkc EllIllliry ur lilrdble En-
.,J 1..>.,,,,, , lry In,1 Del,liner, lnd clIIfe Ihe (l111C to lIe remoYl'lI, ;lI1J make OUI Iiu~ and
eric) aliI'! Hunaw"y St'IVJm ~ , ThicYe's, and olhcr t:limlll.lls.
I ·. h- , ,,,IIJ . A Nil il is further Emited by the Authority afuldjiJ, "ill;!! if Jily Perron
"~' "'. or I'erfnll' orthc A;;e of DiCereli,," (whidl i) JecOULltcJ l:oLlrlccn YellS, or
HpW.IIJS) !b;11I w!nill~.ly ~ml willingly. make or puhl ith. any Lye or f:,.ibcl,
I t·ndi'~ til rhe Ud.tnlJllnn or D.lmlgl' 01 ,11ly pJlII(ulJr 1'('t1.ln, n1JKe or Il're~d
~ I I)" 1:1l1 ~' NC\\'$ nl~ lkl'\lIIS,. with Intent .to lUUrC ynJ dl,(L" I ~'( odl,·rs, .'~vl'ry
IlIel1 Pel(.)11 or Pcrl0l11 oifl'n,llng iii lny ot th~ P~ t'IICllllr5 uclorc mcntluncd,
.111,\ hf"ill~ llilly conviticd thereof beforc One UI.1lI0IC Juri ice> of the Jl~3ce,
HIJIl be lil;("(l ,lccnrdill~ to Ihe Degree 01 rudl Olicnce, nOI l·K~cdinb the Sum
o(Twt·nty ~hillin~1 Inr the Iirfi COlwio!lioll, and find 5111"0ie.1 (or Ihe ~tlod
Bch:wi()ur: Ami it till' Pmy he uillble IU )'.Iy Ihe IJiJ filil', rlll'n UJ he ll'1 in
Ih,' Sf[l(k .~, n,l! ")1({'cdill;": TiIrN' H nur~, fir 1M' cillptlrllly 11llllilhet! hy Whip_
rlll ~ , 11 lhe DI1i:r('lioll .,1' the JIllli.-e or JuOices Lclore whum the Convilhon
!hJ!t be, .1C(otl!ill~ lS tltc Cil(lUlln,mo:e~ or Nllure of dl(: Olfence !hl1J he;
and die (ai.! Jul1i(e ("(" )I,OiCl'~ 1I1,'Y rdlrJin ~nd cornmi! the OlfenJer \Joti! lie
P~)· Ihe l ~i.1 Fin(', ;md /1.,.t Surf til'S fUf lhe gO(Jd lIeh~violl r, or may C.1\J[c the
l:uH" HI bc: 1eyi,',1 loy Dirln·() ~ 1l~1 ~;l l e ,,(,irc Offcnucr\ GOlhis; Jmi tI,e P3ny
or P.l1'[il'l !;l ie\ctl or injllrrd Ily rl'lfilO o(any ofrhe Otfen(('.~ JIt}f(,r~id, fh;lll
or nuy !:,ke his or their Sui! :'!:j,inO ,lOY fuch 01fcndcr or Offend~rs in ~ny
l.UUrI 01 Ht'cord,
r-.,,,,;. I T is furt lier Enl[led hy the AlllhMilY ~forcf:liJ, ", ·h:ll if ;lny Ptnon or Per-
fno <, upnn his or their own H('1d or IlI1JginJlion, or b)' t:tlfe ConfpirJey ~nd
h.w.! with orllcn. Ihlll wiltingly, (utHillr, ."lnll tJI(dy rorge or n\lk~', or (ub·
tilly CHili-, or wiuin!;;!y ;tffem tt) be loq;cd (,r III;!Ul', Jny fll(e Deed, Come)'·
.\tW', or \\'rIIing fel leJ, cr die Will of ao)' Perfun or Pell~1lI in Writing, 10
Ih ... fment dw the Eft.ltc of Free·holel or InherilJncc, RighI, Titl!', or lmerdk
of :In}' l'~·llon or \lcnllns, of, in, or to 3'J. LandI, Tenl'lllents, or Heret!iu-
ments, IhJII or m~)' be llIo1eOctl, trouble I ddcJleo.i, (ccovl'rcd, or dl.lrgtd,
or IhJlI, :13 il lrordlid, lorbe, OIJke, or Clure or llftnl 10 be Ilude or f(lf~ed,
lll}' ObligJtiun, or DiJI OuligJtory, Lel1~r ()f Attornt"y, ur lily ACGuiuJnce.
Ht'lelfe, or ulhe r Di{dlJrye of" ;my Debt. Account, ACtion, Suit. Dcmlml, or
ochl"r Thing Perf01UI; or ifJny Perron or Pcrlom fhJl/ plOnouncc, publi!h, or
Incl\' forth in Evidence, lr'ly (ueh fJI(c :lnd forged Deed, Con~'e)'lnce, Wri-
line, OuligJtlon, Bilt Obllg,1{ory, LCfler of Allomey, Acquilf1nee, itt/c,l(e, or
Oi7chlr~e, lS truc, koowing Ihe {;amc 10 l>e (Jlfc :lnd fQtged, as i, ~roferaid, 10
Ih.: lr'll. 01 ,1OOI'C fef1lembred, and Ihlll oe thereof convided, eilher upon AGiion
or A!lion5 ot" fOIl;er of IJII~ Deedl fO be founded upon this Ad 11 the Suit ul
Ihe I':my glieved. or rJlhcrwifl! lccording 10 the Ordt'J :lnd du~ Courfe of
L;lW, or upon ~ill or Informltiun, IIIJt then c\'ery fuch Olfender Jh:dl ply
ullin !ll~ PJrry grieved hit double Colli :Inn DJntl!!e5, to be f()\rnti lnd :lifdrcd
in fu~h CUlIrt where the rlid Convilljon {haH be I lnd allo Ih~U be ret IlFOn
Ihe 1lll lnr)' in fome Mlrkcl-Town, ur other open Pllec, Ind Ihere 10 hiveUnc
nf his bn CUI uff, and aHa flu!1 hm: Jm! fulfer Irnpri(or'lm~nt hy the Spm: oi
One wh'Jic YeJfwill/uut IlJil ur :v1Jinprizc ; ;md Ihe 1'arty ur Pmit51!lricved by
reafon
App. 015
Digilized from Ik>I Ccpy A,·ail.b[;

ADD6
LAWS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.
AN ACT FOR ESTABL!SIHNG AND r<EGOL,:"TllfG COURTS OF {'UtlLIC ,,(~.I \~'l'

JUSTICE WITHI:'\' T HtS rROVlt\CI!:.-I'J\~S'D 1 1TH Of IHI. 3.
W l l'H ADDlrIO~AJ. PAHAGRA?fl9 OF OTHEK ACTS RELAT I VE:
TH.ERi!T O.
Whereas the establishing and regulating CO\lrts of justice, doth

'Iery much tend to the honour and digni~y of the crown, and to
the ease and benefit of the Subject:
Br it !Juniforll El!(uttd by Ilu! GOVI!Yl/o!', CO/JIJtit, (11/d RPjJl'umta.

tr,;/'s, iu GI!I/(!Yltl Asum/;/y clJ/r,,£1l1!d, mid by tIll! AIi/hOl-ity of tlu
SIWU:
That every justice of the peace in this province, is hereby au· ]".. ~ ......,
thorized amI impmycr'd, to take cognizance of, hear, try, and de.I!',~~':'~"!"""
termine, allY crim inal olIence agains t ally pellal law not ext.:et:uillg ::";,~~I'h~
the sum of fo rty shillings, and to isslle all necessary process, and G. ' "" .-Ja'l,,,,~
award execution thereo n wi th legal cost; as well as in all oth er :.:!~;:r.,;;,
cases where he is, or s:"lalJ be 50 authorized by part icular lawll. /Ie.
But any person aga ins t whom such sentence shall be given, by one
or morl! justices of the peace, out of the court of general sessions
of the peace, may appeal from the same, t o the next court of ~PI"Io!l ..<IIed.
general sessions of the peace, to be held in and for siid province j
t he appellant recogni 2ing with suretie3, in a reasonable sum, not
e.\:ceeding !i.'"e pounds, for his appearance at the court appealed to,
and prosecuting ~j; appeal there with effect, and for performing
and abiding the order or sentence of said court (hereon, which
shall be final; and in the mean time 10 he of the good behaviour.
T he appellanr in surb cne~ is to observe the same rules in bring-
ing forward the appeal, as is hereafter di:-ected in civil cases, and
to pay the same fee fo r entering such appeal; and to the jury, if it
::illa)1 be: tried by them. as b paill fOI" cases so t ried at t he inferior
court - Pl"'JVitfcd such liberty of appealing shall not be construed 1'",,,,,,"
to extend to such cases as by t he particular laws aforesaid, are •
otherwi~e order'cl"
And every jU5tice of the peace w!thin this province, may cause Juoll¢ •• r,:,"
to be stayed an d alTcstecl, ell afi"rayers, riot ers, disturbers or break· :l'o:;:i *'~~d"
eIS of the peace, or any other who shall go (temed offen3ively, or =~~~~
put his M:tjesty's subjects in fear, by me naces or threatn ing Pf""': bl '";1,""
speeches: And upon ",iew of such Justice, confession of the t~ :.r::~,
ADD7
2 LAWS 01' TRS PnoVINCE
Il:hof W. JII, offender, or legal proof oi any such offence, the justice may COI11·
~,:r~",," mit the offender to pri~fln, until he or she finrl.O;l1ch Slireties ior the
'". peace and good behaviour, as Is required, according to the aggra-
'lat ions of the offence; and cause the arms or weapons so used by
the ofiemier, to be l<tkcll alV<lY. which ~ha!l be forfeited all d sold
for his Majesty's lise. And may al:;o punish Lhe breach of the
peace in any person, who shall sillile, or strike another, hy fine to
the King, not exceeding tWC!lty shill i ng~ ; and I"(quire bond with
sureties for the peact, till the Ilcxt court of general sessions of the
peace, or may bind the offendc:- over to R llS\¥Cr for SiLid offence at
said court, as the nature and circumstances of the offence may
require.
~ ••", rl 'I!",.' That any of said justices, for the preservation of the peace, upon
. ",·~:011:{~:."'1 view 01 the breach thereof, or of aay other tnmsgl"Cuion of the
,0;:<, law proper to his cognizance, done, or committed by any llerson,
or persons wha tsoever, shall, and hereby is, ;mpowere<l, in Ihe ab-
sence or a ~heriff, unller-~ h e riff, or constable, tt. requir~ ,IllY person,
or perscn~, [0 aJlprehend and to bring before 11;111, such offender
or offeuders : And every person, or persons that shall nt!glcct, or
reiuse to obey any justice, or justices, in itJ.lprcht!lI!l ilig ~ud
offender, or offenders, being thereunto required as aforesaid, shall
incur and suffer the like pilin.'> and penalties as is provided for
refu,'ling or ncrlccting to a~ s ist any sheriff, ulldcr-~heriff, or con-
stable, in the dcen!ion oi his office.
, ....... pO"" And every jU31ice of the peace in this province, in the town or
'" <l.~ 0-0. u!
"'",e al ,t.cac' oarish where he dwe:Js, shJ.lI be, and hereby is, authorized :\l1d
I., ","~llo'''J
....."" el i'..... impowercd to t~ke cog:liz.1nee of, hear, try, and determine, any
;nlhlo )IJ'tI';.co, civil action, whetein the demand is for :'Ill}' sum not e....:ceeding
1'"''''' "n.
01 \II , 3d. fOlty shillings, arising \I'ithin ~his pT<winc:e, in which the title of
land, or nny real estate il; not concerned. And to give j'J:lgnlent
for the deht, or (Iamage, according to the natu re of t he ~ctinn,
wi t h the legal cost, and granT execution thereon_And for f h ilt
pllrpose to issue all necessary proce~ses, which with the executioll
D,rWitnoi aiore~1.:d, shall be in the iOl'ms p rescribed by law. All writs issued
~';~.~~~"oI G, by any justice of the peace, shall be din:etec tlJ the ~JlelifI lIf
~=:1~,h.. said proyillec, hi~ 11Ilder-sh~riff or tlt:llll ty, or to <lily Wllstable o[
::'I:t tho li ..,.1 the t01l'1l or parish where the person, 011 wbom a ny such writ is to
be seneci, resides, and shall be executed seven days before t he
day therein appointed for the tria l, and retu rn'd to the justice who
Pm b e.wl .. issued ~he same, at or before the time of t ria l. And all pleas in
:.<~.r::1<!~ '" abatemcnt, and bar, in any s\leh action, shall be ma.de and enter'd,
before any issuable plea is given,
~t4''''UI''''1 And in case any persoll, on whom any writ issued by 0. justice
f.,lf;) ;;'\>O~: oi the pence, has been duly serv'd and retum'd, ~hall not appear
' ne" at the lime of t rial, either by himself or attorney, the justice may
ent er judgment, in the absence of such party, according to t he
natllre of the action and evidence ]ll'odnced by the plaintiff-
And runy nlso give judgment, where any PbinTiff shall hecome
non.~uit, or discontinue his ~lI i f for the defendant, for his legal
cost - Providtd, neverthele.;s, that any party aggrieved at t he
judgment or sentence of any justice of tht: peace, in any of the
cases "foresaid. may appeal from the samt:, to the next inft:rior
ADD8
OF NEW H,U!PSlIIRF. 8
court of common pleas, to be held in and for said province; tht:

pa(ty appealing, giving st:cmity before said justice, in a rea~oJlable
Slllll, to the appellee, t o prosecute his appeal with efleet. and to
answer and pay such coot aud damage, as shall be awar<led against
the appellant thereon, at the said COllrt. And the party so appeal- /i<lw ,~\. <P!'<al
ing, 511al1 observe the same rule in bringing forward his ap? cal, a~ f~:~~t~
is pre~eribed in this act, to appel lants from judgments of the in·
ferior court, nnd hnve the same advantage,
A11d b~ it ftlrtlul' E1Urclcd, That there skU be IJeld and kept, by eo.!, .1 f"-" .'
U:c justices of the peace within th is province, or so many ot t hem ;':'''';:;t·~·v~::.
as shall be limited by the co~mi;sion of t he peace, to make.ll. ~~a~J',r.1W.o~
quorum, ll. court of general seSSIOns of the J:cace nt Portsmouth In .n. n.,I...
sain provinre, qU:lrterly, every year j to hegin on the second Tl!e~- ~~..... ::·~l~~
!lays of March, June, September, and Decemher Who arc herehy 1;'.~t!.~;~~:<I,
im]>Ower'd to hear and determine all mat ters relating to the con- '~""!OT ~lDI:1in'
scrvation of t he IK<lCt:, an d punishment of offenders, a}Jpeals from ~!~:~~: ~''''
the sentences of justice5 in the criminal cascs triablc by them as
aforesaid, and what~ocver is by ~aid court cognizable according to
law; and to givc judgment and Rward exccution therein,
!\nd any pcrson aggrieved at the acutcnce of the jli ~ticcs, in the Llbo"1 ,. '~1".1
court of gcneral sessions of the peace, may a~peal i rom 5uch sen· ~t:b;".r!....
tenee, th e m:l.tter being or igina.lly heard a.nel tncd in the said court, ~;~ ~-aa,:~'!~
unto the next eonrt of assize and general geal delivery, in s:tid c. ",,(.1>1;'1:
provir.ce, t here to be finally iSiued, - P,'(wid(d that no appeal ~.~'~"'.;;:r.
shall be granted, unless it be c!aime<"l at the time of declaring the &0.
sea tence, and the appelbnt enter into recognizllllce, with two Sllre·
t ies within the lip.l lce of two hours next after, in a rellsonahle su m l';,".>!>d<o'f~
for his personal llppe1rllnce;"lt t hl'. court appe:11ed to, and prosecu- ~~••';!,...?".. t
t ion of his appeal there with effect, and to perform and abiue by
the order or sentence of the said COllrt thereon, and to be of good
behaviour ill the meilll time. And the party <lp]JI:<llilig i~ [0 re-
main in the halllis I)r l' e ~luLly of <UI offic.:er, lUllil he ur ~lle shall
have g iven such 5Ccllrity. and the officer not to b ~ allowed above
twehe pe!1(;e an hour for his time and attcildancc.
And 5:1eh appellant shall, at his or hcr own cost, take out and lio" I~' ~"'f'~
prescnt l11110 the court rlJl)Jcn!ed to, an nttc~ted cop)' of the sen- :;~::~t~t ~ ..
tenee, and of all the evidences, \lp;:>n which the same WtlS grollOded: po,l.
and the appellant shall J)o.y t he hke fee, for the entr}' of his :lppeal
in the court :lPlX!aled t o, :lS is by law required for entry of a civil
action, and the li ke fcc to the jury that .hall try the 5<1.me.
A lid be iffiIrIIIL't"l:"":r."ni, That there shall be held and kept at I"!..,,.,....., ...
said Portsmouth, ;,t fOllr terms, an hlferior COl:rt of Cilmmiln plea.~, !.:.~i~N~1oo
by fonr justices, to he !lppointei! nnrl commissinnated thereto, hy '''~o( w. jd.
the Governor or Cnmmamler in ch ief for .the t ime being" any Ti", . W.b ..
three of whom to make a quontrn: The s;ud tenlls to bcglll on 1;lnin~o! .... b
the first Tllesday~ 1)[ March, June, SeptelJl \)I::r. and December, ~;~;'DrC':":.~ ""
annually. Which ~ilitl il1ft:rior COUll ~hall llave cognitance of, "~io ... . 1......
hear. try, and dcLerllliuc, ~ 11 civil actions, matters, and cause5, ::~,=.;\~~';;j
triable at the rommoll law, Df what nature, kind, or <!llillity soever, ~\":'.~~~~,
appeal3 from judgments of jllstic..::s of the peace in civil actions, ~¥",·,," ••I"".
' \ e "oy tbem as a f01'CSfli'd - E .'( ccptmg
trmb 'h t at no achon' for t he";'l<
r,.t ....
in ~ .. '''~
c.y;l
valuc of forty s~illings, a1\d under, shall be commenced at the said ~\~3~O: 13,b
ADD9
rn;e~jor court, unless the title 01 land, or any real estate, is can·
cern'd.
~~r'J:;-: . Ann any party aggrieved at the judgment gi\'en in any inferior
,tt d 1]'\ d w. court 01 common plea~ (tIle matter being originally hea rd M<i tried
:~~~~:,!.g there) may appeai from ~l1cb ju£1gment, t o the neli[ ~uperior r.OI1rt
<...... of judicatwe, to be held wit hin and fnrthis prnl'ince. The appel.
!ant i;;lltcring into a recogl1i~ance with sufficient sureties, to prose-
cute his alJpeai tllcre witll effect, alii] to :l.llswer ami pay all inter-
vening damages occasion'd to the appellee bJ such appeal, with
I, ~Io" OIa,.d additional costs, in case the judgment shall be affirmed. And no
execution shall be awarded or issued, on allY judgment, from which
an appeal is granted. The said. recogn izance shall bc taken beforc
the said inferior COllrl of common pleas whilst sitting, or before
one or more of the justices of the same, with the clerk, out of
nOlImo."k ... ;, court, at any time within seven clays, nc:-;t afte r the j\IClgmcnt
...,be ,,,.... gi\'Cll, jf the appeal is claime(\ in court. But if the secmity for
Ira"'l,1 u", .. p:osecuting sueh apDeal, s~.al! not be so g i"en, the clerk of saId
~!:""'''''''' ... y court m~y IsS\lC e.'(ecHtion ~s he may do, where no appeal is
c\a.imed.
AI'I""I.,".~.n. i\nd the appellant shall produce and gi ve into the COUrt where
i.":::.:"'o. such appeal is to be tried, attested copies of the writ, judgment,
and <dl the evidcm;e filt:u in the illh:rior court of common pl\!aS,
Ami each party 5hall be al~ ow'u the uCllcfiL of any IlCW ilUU farthn
plea or ar~unent, in the trial on the appeal, and also any new evi·
dence.
....... , 01..:, ...
0",,' l! ,100 OJ>'
And in default of prociucing such copies, in t:n.nner and brm
":lIn: , ~.II ~o, aiorc3ll.ici, the appellant shall be non ·~uited, and judgmcllt shall bc
Pf.<l< .. I~ cntcr'd for the appellee, up<ln his producing the copics and cvi·
dence neces~ary for that pllrpose, according to the nature of tIle
case.
~_n.." ...".! Alld be Itjll1'J/JeI' EI/flctuf, That there shall be held and kept at
~4~'!:::i~'!. i'ortsmouth aforesaid, at two terms in every yen, a superior COllrt
~!~,':t"hcral of judicature, court of assize and gener~1 goal delivery, by one
t.~lItl.~<"bil chief justice, ~nd three other justices, to be appointed and com-
<~'=;:: ;~& I mis~ion:'lted t hl'.reto hy thl'. Governor or Cnmmanrler ill chief for
:!~~~c;~";:::. the time being, any three oi whom to make a quorum. The one
~m.a:;h~~~~: of said tenns to begin on the thin] Tuesday of May, and the
,. ,_lnl,,"be olhtr 011 tht 5tcond Tut~day of November, annually. VI.. hieh
<tti«IH.".,.
<01<)''''&'' no tourt ~"a
,- 111la~t: cogmLillJl.:c
. 0[ a11 Jl1tas. real,
, ptr~:ma ,, or mlxt,
. or
~~:.'~:':!... any civil action or ~ause, as vrell between his Majesty a.nd any of
:f,t~(~t,·... his subjects as between one subject and anoth~r; , .. bether the
oj G,o... same do concern the realty, and relatc to any ngbt of frechold
and inheritance, or whethcr the samc do concern tile pcrsonalty,
and relate to matter of debt, contract, damage, or personal injury.
And all IT.iJtt actions, which concern both renlty nnd personalty,
which shall be brought before them, by appeal, review, writ of
error, uTliDra"';, or ill any legal way whatsoever. And all pleas
of the crown, criminal actions, and causes, and whatsoever relates
to the conservation of t he peace, and punishment of offenders,
whether the same be brought illtO said court by appeal, or any
'l~.~, oI'k. original process, accordbg to law. AJ1{l generally "II other mat_
~~.i'oll."k, rers, a~ fully and amply to all intents and purposes whatsnever, a",
ADD10
OF NEW HJ.lIPSlIIRE. 6
the eourt~ of King's Bench, common ]lieu and exchequer, within

his Maje3ty's kingd(lm of England ha.ve, or ought to have. And
are hereby impowered to give judgment therein, and award e>c(!-
cution thereupon.
And any party, aggrieved at the jUdgment give:l in the said Li~'~t:.Io_1
superior court, In any ci"il action, may appeal hom the same, ~~~o;'r'=.
unto the Governor and Council, as a court of appeals, to hear and ~2,~.·.r.t~
determine ~uch c~ses-Pl'Ouidcd the valne appeale(l for, or mat. I
rer in controver~y, exceed the ~nm of one hundred pounds
sterl ing. And that sufficient security be given by rer.ognizance
or otherways, before the said superior courl, to prosecute the s:lid
appeal with effect, anu to Vay all intervening dalllagt;~ a:; afucc-
said. in case the judgment appealed irom, shall be affirmed, with
additional co~ts.
And in civil action~ tried at the said superior court, if the mat· Llt.,,~ 10'1'1"')
ter in controversy excecds the t rue value oi the ~um cf th ree ~~\ ..,r'i~"n~
hundrecl pounds ste~ling, either party to the Sl.lit, n::q (Ifpen1 from :g!'~~~l;;',:".
the judgment of s~ l d court, to hiS Majesty In counci , whether
the said judgment be given on the a.ppea.l, or review at said court.
And such appeals may be made at any time within fourte~n days
after sentence or jUdgmer.t is gi\'en, sufficient security being &"""'1'0100
given by the npllellant, as the court sh;t\l direct, to the appe llee, 5'0' ••
to answer such cost and damn ...e ~~ sh~ll be snstain'd bv the
appeal, in case the judgment aPl~led from fiha\l be affirm'ci.
ANd {It it jlll'tfler Eliact.·d, That all original writs, or writs oi (lriPool"';..
review, for br inging <my d'li! '!CtiOllS or ~Ilih l() trial, in the said "b" .... " ...
inferior C(illrt of cummon jJlcas, ur ~uperiur CDu rt of jlltikatuJe,
.sh,dl be Hlllimons, c"vias or attachme n ~, allli $~l al1 be issued in Wrih_OW .......
the Corm directed in and bvan act ci thi~ province, entituled " An ~'d ~~~,~.
act presclibing forms o[ writ5 in civil causes "j and shall be under G~• •, 0
the ~eaJ, and ~igned by the c~e rk, of the COllrt, to which it shall be
returnable, and shall be executed by the officer to whom it is
directed, fourteen <!ays at least befHe the day of the sitting of
the court to whieh it is t o be returned.
And the justices of t he sever:;.l courts afcoresaid, are hereby Co'~" I'O"'CtIO
authorized to mllke neeessuy rules, fer tbe more orderly practice, ~i~~·\~~:;." I>y
and mar.agement of the busineu of said courts respectively Pro.
vidtd such rules are not r~p\lgnant to the laws of th is !lfO\·ince.
nor to the roles of common law in \\se here.
And :;.l~o as often a; they Rhall judge it necessary and proper, A~~looh, ..
to chu~p. and appoint a clerk, to officiate in such court, and to do :~~,~:7b"'h.
all things belcnging to that office, who shall hI;: under lJelLh, well
and truly to execute and dischargr;: the ~Illr;:.
Ami lit· itfll.rthtT Emf.ted, That in all cases that afe or shall eo. r"p""",ot
Ix: brought for trial ill the 5aid sllpe rior court of judicature, or cIun=J.
inferior COllIt of COllllllon pleas, where thl! forfeiture o[ the pen·
alty of any obligation, with a condition, or pl!nalty tnnexed to
any articles, agreenlent, covenant, contract, charter-party or
other specialty: or the forfeiture ot any estate gran ted on c?n-
ditio;)., exccutS'=d by deed of mortgage, or bargain and sale with
uefeazanee, ~hall be found by verdict of a i'I!)" or by default or
confession of the obligor, mortgager, or vender, the it15tices of
ADD11
, L~ws OF TlJB PMVIN(lE
the said COllrts respectively Ivne t'e the trial is had, are hereby im.
powered, anrl authorilffl, tfl ITI(lrlenUe ~he rigour of the law, and
in cOrlsideration of such cases, according to equity and good con·
science, to chancer such forfeiture. and to enter up judgment for
the just tid!. ilnd d<llllage~. <!llli lu a\¥iud c-,ccutioll a~coldi n gly.
O[lly in rCJ.1 actions, Uj)OIl 1ll01tgage, or bargilill and sale wilh
de[ea~allceJ the judgment to be l;;ondilior11l.1, that the mortgager
or vender, his hcir3, executors, administrators, or assigns, pay to
the plaintiff, such stnn as the court ahall d etermine to he justly
due thereon, within two months, to be oomptltcd from the date
of the jllllgment in ouch case. And in default thereof tbat the
plnintiff recover poSSes;iOIl of the estate sued for, and have i!xe·
cution lor the same accordingly.
J"~«HI.a,h And each of the justices of the superior conTt of judicntllre,
...'" 'q\>0 court of :'I&<;i7.e and general [!Olli nf'.li\lf~ry, lInrl each of the j l l ~tices
of the inff':rior ('oun of CC1mmon pleas, !\hall, hefore t h~i r enter·
ing upon the execution of their respective office~ , take the follow·
ing oath, to be adlllinistred by tlie Governor or Commander ill
\;hid. fur the tillle being, or such as shall be by him tllereunlu
appollltcll.
You ~"car, tha: well .ud trJiy VOli ~h~ll ~ervc anT ~ovefeigl1 Lord
lhe King, aRd his Petl/IIC. in HI(! offi~e of a jll~t.ce of the - _ collrt (If
- - nnd thn . yO\! wi I do .qt~"\: i~\\" art:! c~."ullon of rigl,t, to all people,
poor ~nd rich, .ttcord;ngto the h'.'·'; i~ forre within this proYince, ;u1I1 u~a!,
,.. ithi" the .;ono j and ill ><>:;h '~"''1 a. Ihe law doth ~ped.1U)' pla .hl~ to •
relie·,.d in equity. and good conKie""", ",ithout h.w ing reg.tro to :my p<lr$or.
whaRl>ae\oc1. So help yau Goo.
:?,.,"
',V·I·
Illh 0' A:<; ,leT FOR REGUL,\TING OF T RIALS IN CIVIL CASES.
Be it Ellliaed lJy Hit LieliUlI(lIIl G~'/JerlllJr, CtJlIIllil, alld Refin:.

;(IIlatives, {olivel/cd ill gCIJI:f"(!i aSUIIIOly, alld by tlu (w/hority
oj (fl.c SOIlIe.-
A<lioOl""__ That all actions triable at the common law, for any matter or
:::':',:"..'J~' derr.ancl above forty shillings value, as also t itles of land, shall be
''''''~''''OU''' first brought to the inferior co '~rt of comnlon plcu, (e.'l:ccpting
~'r:~~f.,:'Ki.~ a:1\)' actions or caU5CJ rela:ing to the Crown, which may be tried
;:h~1"':;:""t:..t at either the inferior court of cornman picas, or the $\Iperior
~:::.i·trl'~· court of judicature.) And thnt all writs, processes, declarations,
...
~ ?~.~ indictments, pleas, answers, replications, and entries, in the
.~~~i" ... !:.:.: several courts of justice wit hin this province, shall be in the
........1,....... English tongue, and no other. A nd that no summons, process,
writ, jUdgment, 0:- other proceedings in court, or course of justice,
~i1:'1l1 he ahatetl, or arrf'~tcd, or rever~('fl for any kind of cirl'llm.
st~.ntial error~, or mi~takes, where the person and case may he
rightly understood and intcnderl hy Ihe cmn1:, nor through defect
Dr want of form on ly; and the justices on motion ma,le in court
tully urder amcnc\m(!nt thereof. •
C... ".bo",.~ Alld it i}' jllTlller Entre/crt by tll~ AII(!writy IIjuresaill, Thal if
,d <R "" .....n.. any persoll shall cause proce;. la be seIved upon another on pre-
I ADD12 I
+(,121/,1(
Citation: 1786 35 1786
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ADD13
tis j,
.r"!rie elfel..!erl."""'. 80t~1 ,lOre iJ f.iJ. 3~1 ,h" I,,·oclorn";".l ...:od. ~.• <! ret"n,.", tkey 11,,11 \I. COIL'~.!\ .nJ .i ..
tlr;nted ofl~c. not, ucmb!y, or,rollcaforc(,,,d , Ami moreo,"'; "'" Iuftlc",," Pc.ce Inc"",y cQU~\y ore'''I''''alioo,
.me'" f~ch n~, dl'.O\bly, ,>I loul of P"<'pl. !ball bo mo", In e l r, ,her'ln,b. "'..... i~ th .. , prc~.cc, or if nOll. be
pi~[i;i,'.IHen the JIl~iccl IInlo!;: ~odce.I~.rtOr, .UlIuher ",it~ rl.e fn-rUr•. und:r Ihcriff, Cr f.~",,"~ r.r "'~ r.me
<","MY or .,,,p,ua,,on,1h.I1 010 ue¢ut,O<I d',_"
.,1, .'-err
0•• upon p',nnf lW<1Il1 I"'ulld., ,,, be j ..id ," dLc
Co.'''IT",,,..,,,lth; u often at'leyf!lall bCJOJBd in~cf:wl: ~thce~ •.cu~ion oftl1c bid_ill i "lid on k,oh ,I.(.,ult 01
tiL. j.Ilic:., .<>;IIb<rilf, II.~ !blrii£, or f<rjCuil, a :orrimi{jj"n lb •• g~ f,o~ :thc G.,io,al C""'t .. d" illfia,cc
,,"me ",rty 5"..,04, '<>""'1"''''
:lO "",II of Iho I,,~h of m. ctfe, "ld <>f".
''''C."i ,non", r~, .ho p.r,. cornpbin_
ILM," ofll'~ cIcf.lu.k or .!,h.I,. oflbC bidi.r,; •.,., Ib"ilFi ~,oI<r {".riff: or r...jant, ;n till!< behalf fu~p..(,.,J, to be
dnD:od '" ful&:ient ~nd ;ad;,..,.,.,,1 p<'rf,"1$ .t tit., .. "'n,nOlio~ of oM }~dS" ~ ."d .h. roid i:oonmioli""... prof.rI~y
(t~1 return ;ntc t~e GCIIW.I Co~"fII~ Ir.qu:bIllLI rn"tenlH:(ore diem In 'h:s bdllJftakcn :l.1d ;oond: l.Iu, no
p<n""H~n.;.£l.od flh riot,·..... t,~n~ unlawfuhrr......bly, {b>ll be irn[Mitoneel for f. ol> ofl"e,.... b1 .. 1"" #0< ~~""O of
.i"""han one r.r. r.rfum 1.¥~11 convid<do/" a riot, rou~ QI" unb.wM a.ffi:mbly, OOtcoolf thl!11 the r:I",~er
din:aeel by 1h,s aa, {boll be: puatlhcJ by i"'p,if"'lmCItt L-.d .. mereomont, 1>1. u.... die",,,,,",, of • j.'Y, ~1I<lc:[ tl-."
i:
li... lirnit:llLan.
C H- A P. XLIX.
AI! ACT j~TDidding and Plllljfo"'l! AFFRAYS.
REi:heit 11J~".ti/ I>J tb~
M, ..,n;.. of
G.U/.r~~ Ai,l.II", Th:.t rio 1I\.:!n; ,rell ..or rll1;>lI"o(lWI~t condition Coil'cr~. be, C~te9i
J~no<cIn CII«:u~ns ih< ~ptS "(the co"ru <>f jufi"e"or In '~«lO'LI'g 0"""' of&=., an..!
fuch .... be in ;"'''«'''~'1'll!lli~l!;tt~,,,,!> Dr! fO hor<fy .0 com~ IH:for~ theJ~Ili::~ of~ny MlJrt, 0' '"'th., of Ii";;"
Min,Rel'S of lu~L<.", duirrgdr." "fIi~ w'u ror<~ and..,."..., on I"''''i 10 fori... III:" ."""....~ the Com"""' ..... .J,~,
an<I thoif' bodf.. to ?iroft. at ue pleofure oh nn. ie '!"'" rido I!",.d by nith' nor "-! dn, in foin or'inaruis,
((lilt(;
orin Olker p~n, In \l:fNI'£fll',~ wu",~Ii>'i 1Mb r:Ll><inll am:1k4 IlIIJ <conminw '''pnlOil by auy Junk" ""II,•.
• wn Yi.w, 'i"" P«><Iby otbcn,dlerc I!> obi.h for fG long t time ... ajury, to M (worn for m..t I'~rpt>" b}' ,he !'aid
Juftice, CWJ diretl. inc! i~ like m;uw:r [0 {(I"l1rit It~ zrmOllrlo tllcC"llInDnw<:i!l~'1 but"" ptrf..,lb,1I boi"'pri~
ford r.... (1Idr0lf0JlC. by a lotlg •• fj>O<'l ofli",. tha., 0,.. .ueth.
C H A P. L
All ACT again) CONSPIRATORS;
E it tltd~,d II'" 'NilItti /It tb. G"'lfal1[vnb!y, n~: (I)~fplrlron 'tie the), ,~:rt do tori<:dei'~le ~d billll
B thcitlclvc. b,,,,,th, c_,en,n', or ",".... alli.,..,., tho • • ~"ry o( th,m ,fn. 1l "oIond b'm lb. 00 ... f.II<1,. .m.! ,.,...
1ie;"'ly. 10 more orco<loto Ix: mOVCll any enticerncm otbbmt::tjo:l ar-:irill 3:tcitMr .... m. pu: or ~ (;o"tm~lI _
;'caltir,znoi II"'~ who oR "OIl.iacd tl>crecf at the (~i. J m. ColTWllonw.:.lth, IhoI! b< p."illtod by irnf""iW,vncn •
•nd arnOlcenril:', .1 tho <iibeti"" of. Jury'
"
, C HAP. LI.
~l1'JI)'Illl ~r Mlli"! PRETENSED
. .. r ....
TITLE~ ,
BE !/."J<l,J 6"h. G,m,a/ AIJi"u,IJ. Th.~rio p(t"'~n::o.!l c~n"'r~' =U; o. b.'t~rn lei (0"'"
or t.lkc, 'n}
p"'tfn!e.{ tid, t(l .ny,.,.b Ii. tlnernoncs, u,~tf; d!e pcrf~n cotm~1jn~ cf blrll"inh~ t~ tonw'I, c. rhW under
wt.OIn ~c d.i..-ns n..n ,<
1.. kelt i" p"n,JIi,,~ o£tbc " .. ,,<It
oI'lhr: ",,,,,fiunor ...".. inJu thc,wf"" ... kok f<aJ "<",1
boiOn I ""J he ...~u oII"ct.d:!lh hcroj~ k<lo ... i"~lr,Jh'1l fnrf>illhc wh."" v.be of the bnd. 0, "'""n,"''';
,~ 0,,..
moiety to ~ Clmmonwea!:h, zoo dtc odIC, tU !Ilm "I., .... ~I (~C i:I wcllfor rLi",t<:!f ... f<>r ~oe Comm..""".lrh, I)U\
""Y PO""" Iow~~I,pclf,"odof ",,"oOJ"
,<!I.....,,"> uQ.M .... .".'en o. """.,ntkr
t".",of, m.~y nw"tiwlof. t.>k.
a: bll'tlin 10 c;.4 Lb. pm."i(.d tltk: or any ulltt. pcrro~, 6 r.. :rnd III trr ",,11 ui, m.l.y !m~,m hi, fo.mtr clb..,.
C HAP, LIt
All ACT td prlllijh DR[BERY (I:ui EXTORTION.
HECti_nr.1
ir mwri
r...
h) lhf Gn.r~141R""'''' Tlut DO Trolf,;'.i, Keiper titl\Y ruMIe lbl, GC7oIr,dilot or StI'f,
,h.,C"",,1I<lm¥.J,h, J"'13<,0(I\no''';''•• ,I. ....., p..,,!li['''l'.ci.fKrin the Ge, .., ';') Court, Hi,h C;o, ...
dCh:r""~')'t Cmlt rK AI1't"I .. Cam <II' Admir.lil)'. fir 1",criCli' 1..:"11,1. \;lr:tk t>f ~ 1', :11:<, 5hctilf, \.:Qrntl<r,
I:(d'''''I\Ir, ....,r 'nI un c"" ~ d", C"","onwc.ld~ tI,.I, iu oj",.. 10 ''''''', •.dio, in . u,' fu.',n, ."y ;" •.,nc, of
l!ift,broJt,'gc, cr f<"~ ro,.n"l; I,i. <rJlic", "'~~r th,', j" ~r 1h,'1 I", ,1',,,,,,,1 hi r,,",~:.d- nf t; e",·r:d Af'O,mbly,
ofl;,d :d"a:r dre b.lli,uI:,.., alhc' Com,noll"" .. lrbl 'B"' i. l<J ('" a,i ... 1'10 " ,\,,,"Ih J.,! <If ;,1'rl in ,I" )'OJ' ~f "'"
t wJ, ,1>" "''''Y
1I1 ... ,(:"KI fu ... ,h~rKI .. ~ >lui (.... nlyf"": • .,d I", ,h:o., doth, 1~::III'''~ OJ,,'" ,he lI,.,. ed, ,bo"",bl " v.l;",
t.I It.;U h. h.t:llt\:';ot.d, Il.:U be J~"n:.d ~.;d J."'lifu:.. d;r"tu:~;"'ct'.,,,c(. ju,",."'] 1ll. 11 br:d 1i·)."I\'0... 6"", hi> ul/i,.
rMU"HI ."d~" whn "'ih (..c .. ,Ifi. Srid 'n't'.... Jnoll b . o f"i. U ",oI1f", d" C.. n"",,, ..,,.t\,), •• fo.r hi,nrclt',.,,,,,).o
,~,i:'tl ~.r: "r tho amctCtml1.t.
ADD14
( 60 )
C HAP. VlII.
Nothillg flarl be JoJ:.tJJ for Blfluplrntlrr,
ITE~lt 'WhCrC;\5 rome of the realm hay!: grievoufiy complained, that dley be grievelt
by ~l:l"itlsJ naming themfdvc6 the King's approvets, Wi)ich take money by I.!xton iur\
for BCJuplc:ader, the King will, that the ftatute elf Matle:bridge {hall be obfcrve:d ~U, :
kept in thi., point.
C HAP. XIV.
Notlt Jbtl" {~mmi! A.faifJttlUmCt.
TE.M. Becauie the King ddircth that common right be adminiRered to all perCons,
I ;15 well poor as lith, hI:: corntnanrlelh anti defenJethJ thOlt none of his Coul1fel!ors,
n0 r of his houfc, nor none other of his MiniRers, lIor no great . man of the rcalm ~y
himfelf, nor hy other, by (ending of letters, nor otherwiie, nor none othef in. this land,
great not' fmall, {hall tak:: upon them to mOlintain quarrels nor p.1rties in the country.
to tIle let an~ difturbance of the f;ommon law.
Statutes made at t'orthampton. tribus Septimanis Patch.e, in the

Second Yc"r of the Rei,!;n of Edward the Third, and ill the Ycar
of our Lord 1328.
C HAP. I.
A C'nfirmillion if tht GTtIlI Chart,,. afld th, Charl,,. y the Fcuj1.
['[JllrJt".diu)' to Dt. ;Hftrftd.]
C HAP. Ill. k'/.;.,

N~ !J{~'l /hall (,m~ bdq,.~ the JuJlic(J, ~,. gQ or rid, /1,.mtd.
TEM, It is em.ned, tbat no man great nor fmall, or what condition [ocyer ht: be,
I except the King's fermtlts in hi.1 prefellce l and hi:; Minillcrs in executing of the
King's ptccc:ptS, or of their offic!!:, and {uch as be -in th~ir company afIilting them,
and alfo upon a uy made for arms to keep the peare, ;) nd tbe fame ill fu ch platts where
. futh ads happcn j be Jo hardy La come before t!lC KillS·:;' ]\.II11cI:5, or oth:r of ell\! KinS',
ADD15
( 6[ ...
l\"Iil\i:l~rs doing thc:ir office ,·,ith. force and arms, nor bring 'm fon t ~n :'Ill '\/rl'~. ~ 0; !,~:'I"::"l
no r to go nOT ride ;\rml;.!d by night nor by d. . y, in f~irs , m,lrkets, IIvr ill doc rr,fc;H:C of
the Kin'b't: j uft iccs, or other ll"l.ini!l::ers, nOf iI: no p ~ rt e}fcwhtrc , tlp<:l~l p:'l in to fo\'f~it
their :11 ·· '.~'.· r to th:: Ki ng, alld their bodies to prifo!l at tilt: K i l~ g ' :; pL-af.nt: . I\n ll Ih'lt
th ~ King's Jldlices ill thei,- prefcncc, S tleriffs .md other minin\!r~J in lheir h:, i l iw i(' ~ .5 J
L ords of l'r,1nchif0s, and their bailiffs in t~e f:tme, :rnd Mayors and n.lil iffi of d!ic~ :;:H l
bOfOngfls, within the fot\l1c cities and· boroughs. iltOll bOTOU~ h.h o l ,I ::r5 . c () ,} .t a1.lk5 ,,:: :1
w:m lens of the peace wilhill their wards {hall hove power to'e:s.l'CIltC tl'iJ ·,n. Allli thil t tile
Jllliices afligned, ;! t t11c it. coming down into· the country, Ol;J11 ."IVI.! [OIV::-f to cll l"}uir e
how fueh otflcers "nd lords have cxercifcd their ofnc.c~ in tb i:; (,:1k, "nd to punifh lht:m
whom they find t!lat have not done t.ha~which pertain to th eir o!fu.:c.
~ :
C HAP. V.
'I he Manna ho'w lVril1fl'"'' be dtlivll"d" to the Sf:tri/f I, be ."umtul.
TEM where i~ W:lS ord.l.ined b:, the (ht~~~· ~f \V~ftmjnn('l' the fecono, tImt they which.
I wiJl dt: 1ivli:f their writs to the Shrriff !hall dd i,·r r tliem in the full Cl'UlI IY , or in the
n:rc:" county., and tb:n the Sheri!}" or Unrlcr-.'3.hcriff lhnll thereupon m ake a bill :. it is :lc....
cmllnl :nnl t:fbhlifhcd, that:-lt what rime or place in the county a m:l n doth nelh'er any
W(lt to lhef;hcriffor to tbe Un,ler.Sht:rifr, rhat thc)'"fhall receive the fame writs. and
m akl! 2. h ill "((t:r the (arm co.n taillt:d in tIle { ,IIH: ft:'ltut~, without t:lk:ing :lny thing I·here_
fore. And ifth\:y rdufe to m<lke" hill, o t ~lc r s that be prefcl1t {hall fet to .th<!ir [c al&,.
and if the SheTifF or U'nded-ihcriff d.., n ot r~ tu rt1 tile "(:lid wriis,. they fu:lll be pun ill ,e.d
after· the form cOilt;riiit'd in· tht: (<lid R" '~ f\ I IC. I\ml a1fo tHe Jldlicc:s of Affize fl1all have
power to enquire.l1)('reof:"lt eveTY m;l\l':; {on'rl\lin t, and 10 award damages, as having fer..
pea to the: delay, And to the lofs and peril rh ,!t !night hJppen. ,
C HAl': VI.
J':,1 i ..e'S jltllll.,11'c Pv'1(,(l' fa lmllijb B rtaA~rJ if t/;t Perret,
~s to ~!".e kC;'ni 11g oft!,,; peo.:lc(' in dme to come, it is ordain(d ilnd enacted llilt
I TE'M,
th e fb lntc5 rm~ It- in n ·~~c p ·it. wi.d! t' ,e Il atute ofWinehefier, fllall be oMerveci and
kept in e\'~ry l,oil1t: :1>"(1 WhUl it is cQ;ltainell in IIle end of b id ftatu te of Winchefier,
th:lt the Jl!Ri c{"~" lli ;!nd iLI;l :,;1\'1:: powe r to enqu ire of defaults, "luI to report to the
Kill{! in hi ~ no t ]1 ,tT.i.n)w'H, ~I n tl the Kil1g to remedy it, which no mauhath yet fcenJ the:
{:"ImeJ unicc!I luaU h .tVt~ ll <Jw er to pUlli fll the otl~n.ders 2nd difobeyeIS.
•
ADD16
+(,121/,1(
Citation:
1801 259
Provided by:
J. Michael Goodson Law Library. Duke University School of Law
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ADD17
( 259 )
cnnt!:, deeds, or rncfoe eOllve yallt"Ci not being proycd "od t t'gi!i erea
:*i.hio lb is nat~. i t IhaU and mar be lawful for [,II:h (ledoll 01" perfon.
to prot'~ :lnd rcgificr his, h ~ r I Of tt>eir gro: o(I, deeds or mc:fae (onvey.
3-DCCt,
. Sec. 1. n~ if lnac1d. Th at (iii, aft fUll! O'! in fllrc:e uotil the end of ~
;he Iln.dlaled CdIiIlQ of tne ge!l.~ra l :\frtrobl~.
- C HAl) . XXI. - '
AN I\CT r')alll(.'ri an a!!, ~"lilld, u .1\:\ a ll tel OIr.::rtain tlte b('Ju"thrie.~
. (If l a:1J,&lnd l or p~rl':m'-till~ teflimutly ._;>,uUD IIOVH1IHK 6, lSOI;
Bf:it IJ:ilcf£tlbj' Jh.! Cp;rrt11 J1.J::JJ~h)' 'I I lu Slats ,,' <r,mtl:jU, ThAt all
the privi : .::r.c ~ , b~Il;~ts, aod 'LJvant~r.t! ari/iug Ullntr or i\ccruior, to
others, by vil'tuc of 30 a8, eoti tld, "An a{t to Ilrc<'ruiu the .
bound~rie~ of land, :lnd for perpetuating leOim"ny, pa(fcu at Kno:f'l;Ue
1::1 the l'e ! r 17 99. filall exte.nd [0 th.e cici:r.~m refi(I~llt fourh of Fn'nc:h
Broad and H l,IHoO, and betw~el1 the rivers Hi!} Pi~eon :lnd Tenntlfee,
h o l din~ Qr claiming, or that 013, hold or c!:lim la;')cl by rir:ht of OC;
~Up::lDCy, f(l far a~ m"y rerped their rightJ to, or the condition:!1 Clr
boundary noes of their refp:Etive e!D.iml Or rights of occupancy and
'pre'empriClD in tint t raf/ of conotr7, any thing in the pruvifo to lhe
(nurth [e8ioo of [aid reci,ed ;.tl to tbe c on~rary DO l1Yitbttaodiog.
··C HAP. XXII . ...
"'s . ACT for tb~ ttflrc.inl ci idlt "'iJ difjrd,r/J {It;fo::;.-PA,Uf1
Ni. vtttHP. 13. I B, ' f •
.WHER.RI\S it b::comcs nee.:U ,lry for thc \v:!f.ert of t:, e community,
to Il\prrt.f~ tV"nrlr.rin~, rlifnrder!v l~d idle pcr(ons :
Sc6 ion I. BE ;1 InruttJ h Ihf Gltural .tIm/hl! oj '}.11 SlaJ~ tI/ TilJllr!u ,
That aoy vo:dqu ur p.:r(ons ,,,bo have 00 ;< ppar~nt means of fllb(iUeoce,
01' n~~lctl"'rpl,. i ng thcn:r~lvc' tQ rom~ hood\ call,ng (or th~ fUPplJrt
of them(<=lv~s ~nd hlmil:u, ,ycrr perf-)n fo (){f:ndiog , who fh~1l be: rOllnd
f<lnnteting ahont n~hle{[ i np, his IHllin~f" and c:nde:.norinJ; to tu~int(lin
hi:nfelf by g:Hoing or otlu:t !lodue means. it lllaU Md ma}, be l:twful
fur auy j tdlice 01 \be p:acc of the county wilelciu (uel, pedtlll ro ay bl;
·t\lund, on du~ proof made, to jifuc: his Warr)!:lt for fUch dl'r!Dd lns p':rl{,o,
-2.ud . cJ.ufc him to bt brouflht bdorc (didjuAicc, \~i"l o i$ hereby em pow·
.er ~ d, on cOlwWion, to d~mand fec urity for Iih good bth::tviollr, alld ill
c:1[e of ref ural or llegleB, to commit him to tbe goal or the county , for
all}' term nnt cJ:ccediDg five daYi, at the eli: pir~til)u of ~hich lime he
(hall be r,It:l. t Jiberl)" if !lotbing erimio:;.1 :1ppe:l.I'1 "g::tir.ll h im, Ine f:d~
oll't Odel' paying 2.il chargc:I arihng h om (ilC h im pri fo nment;
and if [uen penon 111:111 be guilty of the like ofIt n.:e from :l nd after the
fp~c: of thirty dnys, he, L1 oifending, Ih illl be deemed a v3grOlDt, :1"00 bt;
fubj e,~ to nne 1O.:lI1th', impri fonm(llt, wirlt all cun s ar.c ruil.lg thereon,
·""hicD if he negleth or refufec to pa" he ml, be continued io pri(oQ
ulIliitbe MIt court oJ the county, whQ mtl)' proceed 10 try t.he (flid
off~nder,a nd if {()uall sUilty b, a verdi6 ()I :t jU t1 of good and Ia.wful
(":len, {aid court m:lf pro:~:d to !tire the olF.:nJcr for aDY fpace 0 1 time
tlo t ~:'(cctding tir mDntht, to rY\:\h latisf;ltlioa !"or all culb, hm if {uch
perfOn o r pcrfryn~ Co (llF!!n~ing, be of ill fam:. Co that he or they C"Doot
'I.!.e hired for the coAs, nur giv~ t llfficient reClIril! fur the COl- mc and his
future go~J beba.viour, in that ca lc it Ih~U llnd may b>: lawful for the
f3.id .c:.ourt to cauf: tht: off:o.<!er [0 l'c,iv.: nut exceeding thirty nicc Jalh.:!,
on' hi; bue bad:.. after which !U~ (lull be fer. :It liberty, :tnd the cof\(!
~ri.l.ill£ thm:oll ~~II bcocn~~ '~ ~~~1lt1 ch"rgc; wDich pua\~ID~nt fila"
Digitized from Be.sl Copy AVfliLable

ADD18
7 iii,, · '
it tatl!Atd '"' often "5 tlu! 'Per rot! fUay b! guilty. a!lowiag tllirtrda'l be.
twern t h~ PllnHhm:ont ':\n~ the ofi',o;::. -
Sec. 2 . S';/t ~ntuterl. T hU it {hall not b·~ I:lwrut for any perron or
Jlerffl n1 nf iUfa 'TI'c or fufpic:inru c:llllraBer, to rem::r,e him or th er:arch'cs
" {~nrn "fit:: C;)\1nty to anothu in thil n atl!, wilhout. fi dl obtaining a Ct'h
t r fj ; :tt~ fauTi f{'m e lnme!! qftbe p!!ace ro,f (.lid cou nty or ~ :\ p ra io of hi3
itl'lr:'\O:tl1,. . Ictt:n(!forTn ni,
inten rioD in rem!)ViflJ!. whether to {ttt le ia
f'aj.l C""I,,'''' 01' irll':t" ~ llil\lZ . to fet for th hi, b'J1iaer. :ond ddi:in:atioo,
""tI iF (11r.'" tr~·1tn ~r 0, '1\1 '" be denroUI tn fby ;n any count)' loQ,t:::cr-
t 1:> 1n fen (h~. h~ t'h -l ll Ar:'l :lpnly tn rnm~ jllfli r.e of f~ jcl C0110lt for
J· ~ , e. Itn-l n'>fl\i" a cerlifica'.1! for 1h'lt nUl'po(e, rcttin~ !Mtn the time or
bh f'lc rm:m'ln. aJ'l,l;r (Ilch p ~ rr{J n fll;l,/I be !ouod loi lc:ric,R in faiel
(:rlttnt'1 ~ ft~r tt,e 'xTljr~tl"r1 of hh oerrnit, or hi l to ob tai n th~ (am_ a.
j':~,=ri'l.b!c tn the trl1 ~ into:nt lind meanj l'l~ (I( this ::t t1:: . fu eh perron Dr PC'(.
{O'1!: (n n/F.. "rfin7 , mn h~ !:mrlr ~ hl'n~l!,l bv ;1.0 \' pfrr"ln or pnfotl1, ~nd
c:t rr;1'1 hefnr~ r: l ," ~ l\1'Hr.e ~r th~ ~'!lee. <:I h" m:1.y enqu:re into hi.
chllP /tco r 71ru1 h[}r.'1cor~ : lnrl fi'\c him l'lt his dircrction, not t':(,et d i D~
t eo " OIl H$ ~ hut if fai ,J tr ltl' tl!~l' fb 11) b, ' ''nod "n u ;!.min!lIi rm , to b~
a p ~rron of ill f;"\m~ . Oln~ there is r:Ol(on t(l ((l(ped h ~ is loiter ing; ia (aid
c:nnn tT Int ~v il o11ronf<!. :HI~m p tin (l' to :Il:q,tir,. a lillinR b., qamb ling. or
a ln":r han 'h'~Elicu. fuch jul\ire n, ,,11 h1'7: p..,·,t'~ r .... r.omrnil any pcrr.1U
~ r lik~ c'l-tar::t'!l !f . nn lil \; fh:l!l finll ~.1O:I an ,J (li ffi cienl (cenritT ror his
sr.,. . ~ I>ef) w inl1l' , r.., .. ::t'1 '" tim' Dot uo:''!ed;!l(! ten aa~s. :to ,l (~ jd , jtl l\,ice
or ttl: !'I ~ ~c ~ ur r.r: Il!'t <I f ' '' ~ C') II .' ! " nl ill !)r" cced 3~ ainn fltc~ ofi'cp.dl:r,
v' ~,,~ r,r,"Il'I"""I~r 71 i, h '!ret<lf ... rr: (lrl'(!'rih ,!rI fi'~ IInr:tr::tnts, '
S~~. 3 Be iI macrl(f. Til ~~ all :'0\(1 '! ":r" k~fp'r Or k~ :? ~n . e::.hihitor
(If ~th i nhor : . nrelthel' of the g3rn ;ng r"h!~ ~ cnmm ',n!v clllled A. B ; C.
or F: O. I nb le_l, or far o b:\ok, or of an ', other ga ming cloth uole •.or
In ,n\- rtf !he (~m~. n r !i\:~ kind, u nder an" dt: nomin;nioT} whatcT:r, thall
be du~ ~d 1nd t re:ued ;u a 'ugr:J!',t , and mMf.avtr it fh nll h~ th!! duty
of :\Tl" ill r1 ~e or junice of the pea ce, h .. Wilrrant IInder his hand, to or·
O~~ rmh p:~ minr. lable or doth t'l be (c i1:~,1 and pllhlir!v burned or de~
l1rQyd; i-aid \"'~rrart\ fh :. 11 b: dir:!b-l to fnm ' ~ '.ne e"'''Ifhhl c within the.
co unt ,. y;rlnfe ':1\1'\' h Ol ,d l b~ , ftlTl ll\vith tn e1.er. ute Il,c f.me: P,-ovU, A,
T h:\t Q o thi n ~ b~re in ,,;ulI::.iiueU, Ola.it be fo confiru(d 3' to exttDd ta
, LiuiarJ ta')!r~
Sec. A . Be iJ tlJactrrl, T hat it {h ';\ 11 not he 1:1'»f111 f or ::.ny hQ\lfe \::~p.
er to hubnr arty idle p::r(or'l .... r th : ciunder a(orefnid. f '1 t 11,0" 1 .1 l\ .t;~r
TiNl:e [h;m is liere !ofor: fp~cifbJ. IlnQer the penJ fty of l'lI~I I I" du li'lr!l
f or ("ery fll en. offtnce, tn be re {'ov~r .. d by w:ttnnt hefore :toy j l1 Aic~ ot
1h~ pea,:~ of th: count \' wl .er.: th~ off:l1ce is cummifte d. .
See ~ He it tl1 llrltd. Th.1t it Ch<lll be t he d nl Y 01 e~eh jl1flic~ of lb~
p ea,ce. 0"\ in fo rmation bd nt:!; made on t'l 'Uh to him or them. that there
i\ ':l p~d:' ll or p!rio n ~ nf the. ~ ro rl!rlitl ddcfiptintl, Inireri nl! in hh nr
. thtir (;otlnt'f. t hen Rnd i:l that ea fe hc or they (h311 ilTue hi, (If their
w arl'a:\f :t1!1;nO: (uch per.fm 0 1' perfons ~qreeabl e to this aD:: ,f1f',r~..
't)Ud , he I')\" t !l'!V Hnll M~I~d or u fu le rol til do, it (halt be decm:d :l
mi r{t ~flI ~ln'r in office. for which h-: ur they (\ull be irn peach lule, usd
on h ~ r"'llnv:d ff'"lm nffice.
t: f l,\ .. iEl;"n .
Sc-: Ej er il trtaa~rI. Tillt if aDr pcrrn1'\ r>r p:r(11nl !hall publicly
!He nr ~n :l.r\:rl'!'Ii tn Ill!! terror of th e pe :'l ?le , or privau:!., hrry :iny
d i>:-\!:, l~r!!:,' h.ir~ . 'PiG!)1 or ~nv otber d~o~ t r llUs weap·.m, to the leat or
tCrt'ilr Of ilfl-r Ik":,f.,.·;'" it nl:t.1l bt: .Nt fl uty (If Olny j 'JUS(; or jllfiicll)' on'bit!
Digitized from Best C?py Av~i l ab l e

ADD19
f ' .61 )
'101 \1111 '1;~Q.I. nr 1It11"1n the i nrnrlTl:ttil\n o~ aoy (pJ.~,.' J'I ~ rf, n on !'l adl, ,to
hind rn~ll !l·rr,n 01" per(:> o, t :') th~i r gnnd h-hni(llJ" ?on,);f he ?r they
f;lil to fi ' l~ reclld·:es. ("o'll:nir ~im Of um';'] Cc, ~oal -::c d it (udl paron m"
p-rf:'ln! {hall continue f:J to f"lti~:'1:1 , he I)r Ihcy /h:1I1 ntlt only f/) rfei~
the:r r;:cn2 ni'l.a::c:!, but b: lii\bk t:J an icdi8"mc llt, ~nd b:: punifhcd 311
f or:l b:'each or
thl!! o!':Ire, o r Tint ~t com-:1on ,~W.
Se e 7 . Rtil e1!Jrfd, That if :tnT oerron. nr n ~;'f;)ns 0'1111 unlawfully
tot nIH or tl if lhlc ~hc t;)n~llt. Pilt nllt ~n en , nit a IInfe. bite or etn off
a l'1'lr~ . car orlip, I)r cOt "If 1)1' difablc :,oy limh nr ovmt,er, or (b.b nny
p~rroil whi1[rocvcr, in do in~ (.', tn maim. ''''')lHld or cli~ ,i tr l1 rc in all)' of
thl' m:m ,,"r; "cfore mCT'I,jonerJ, null l"!rrt1n ai' rcrrnn~ (I) olf~nd i ng .
their crmnrc!h1'~. ?idecs '\nd ""b:ttnrs, k"owin .o;:' nf,3TJtl pri ...., to the of.
fence . tn."''
be and are herehr det!l-l red TO he fdons. and f1l",11 fuff!f a~
b ClI.r! orf!l,.,~,: PrlJviJd r: .~tlu'h<!ldl. he or Ih~1 fb.,11 he er.ticJed to
b~nefi~ nf clerv,y, anr} 0: further Ii~ble to au a(iion Gf c.hru"f::C!'l to tIle
p" .. ty injnred.
Sec S. Be Ir ena{lrJ. That nil f1nc~ inA;r.t,.~ by th:s nll, fh .11l be on.:
haH ((I h i:n that w'i!! ru: (01' tll= fame, Rnd Ihe other half t o th..: u(, of
the COUlltv,
See. 9 Re it tM-fieri T/t:lt aU ,~',V, "n ~l parts o f I"ws, which c:)me
....ithin tbe m¢:lnin .~ ::md ' purvi:w .,f rhi~ aft, a re bereby repcah:d ,
-_. , ' C H n 1', XXIIl:---- -- - -- - -:-
AM ·Ar.T l ~ alJ'''' ~ ri(.!I!,t VfJtl'a! COIIt:IYCM l" f, orp/efIJ a".l 111(lr(er: !(/!i~ T1&
to remit 'I'd ,,,i/i!;.2tr fifltl QlIi r~ '"./d;'''·.·1 In reccg" i: :lIJCU 41 th! rt!'tJ
1nrll';61Ju l-(p\<H'O q'~ 1t~1l 11 rR" \
Sa' BF ;, ,II(I(h'd ", I"~ r; til'!",",' . .J1!·m.Hy "r 1/;( .'i IntA ~I Temufie ' .
.: e Ion 1. Tllat d'r '".:-vcril l Cltllrr, nf p !(" ltj and qll R fUt f- ffil'll '" in thi,
!; fiate, fh,11 h1.Vf pl'lw~r to r~rnl. m mi!ip::J1O:- ~11 tin~\: h ~ Ihen\ ;'lR:aed.
and .dl fn. (,.it\1r,.s on r:cr1l';n;ZlQCcS. prevhlH li"l m·erinj.( fill.l! j.tdwn ~n t
rhl';''!l)n : P rllvili!ri. a m1J ld·" . l)r ;t" v "~lm ll :'" ." , 1:0:(' thaQ lI;nl: of the
j,.I' \i f': !:s nf ra id COUilt)' b'! ?r;j: Flt '•.-11; 0 {uc :~ r~ r-=;:: 'IIIC~ or rnhil1atiu!l
111all hr mlc.l~.
Su 1 . Hi if tI:aU~d, Th ;H fo mll::h of ~T17 other;)~ as COJnc~ witltia
the- purview and m-:'luing of thin all i ~ n". ~by r"!peal(d,C'_ _ _ _ ,
- , , ·_- -- -C ' H n p, XX "I', _.. '- '- -,
I,!.J "' ':'T (~;:ur/1fo1t: tJd~ljllfflraf;')lll ran'~11 'fllI th: ,.1/'''(1 0' t:,h ru
. I.)il/~ h:!o:!lltt". ,b"rd" nI"'III;QI1!1·J . - ( . lI.ulin MOVfMl e p. lo. llbr .)
Wll i~lt2 ' ~ ' 1 h ~ "::lJt , r~ ;!1: cOllrts of pl :a. ~nd <Jl1il~ler f dIi In:>. dur-
iaq , h~ b .~in~ of Ih ~ tcmpJ I':HY g ',vcrnm: n t cilUnl P ,-anklifl. f!J;;!1. t·
ed a ~llTl; ni(lu!i,,"s on th e en" tc"s of perrons who died imefit re, and h ,w e
,/f!led la t ~rI 61 :ul rninillr:uion accordingly. in virtue auJ hY;1IJ :hority .
(If whidl, tlte rerfun, rll
admin i l\eri"~. have proct:etled In adminHla
ilrOn the p,oolls1nd dUtlel,. rights and credits of thdr i.u tdlatea re f.
~. !~F"elV: ;\(HI ~h ~ r.::H it wilt cur.trihlltt: to the pear. ~ and quiet of (".
milic~ , that ~dmin ; nr"tions on fllcb c!\alt" {o 016 afore-faid gra-ntcd, be
c!ecOled and declart:d vllill,
. S:c I. 06 il el1acled ~1 flu GeNeral .ilfnnllr e/ Ih: Sla !1 ~rr'p/ne~~,
That all :l.dminiAradoru granted b., any 0' rhe 1~lid courts ot pl(:u and
~\lll,mr fem.,ns, an(j .Ie~ter' of 3dminil1ntion bV any of th e aloref,j id
~ou rt d[ued, on the efhte or clh.te. of aOl' perron who died inle-fiate ,.
~~d al l p roC"c~tnRs io vir t l1 ~ nf rlll'!h lettt:n nf adminHl.ration had a~d
~Qnc~ ~fJ and ,oD~e~nig,- aDl,fl1cb cn~t~, agreeably ~o, Jud in C;:Dnfoitni.
Digitized (rom 8e.sl ~opy Available

ADD20
7.50 SBeT. 10- 13. tP ART IV.
said, may, on giving tbe security required , appeal to the court of com-
mon ple'as, nexr to ue IIBId ill the same county, or, in the city of
Boston, to the municipal court.
On np pe<LI, S F,C T. 10. T he magistrate, from whose order all ap peal is so
witnesses tu taken, shall require suc h witnesses, as be may think necessary to sup·
Illeognize.
jlort tbe complaint, to l'ecognize for their appearance at the cou rt to
which the appeal is made.
t>rOCM(hngs (In SECT. 11 . Tbe court, before which suc h appeal is prosecuted ,
"lJP",aJ. mllyaffirm the order uf the jmtice, or rlischfl rge the llppellsnt, or
IlUly require the appellant to enter into a !lew I"ccogn iznncc, with suf·
ficient surelies, ill such wm, and for such tinle, as the c o urt shall think
propel', and may also make such order, in relation to the costs of
prosecution, as may be deemed ju~ t and reasonable.
Rec o,!;Ili;;:e.lice, S£CT. 12, lr any party appealing shall fail to prosecute his ap -
when to rema:u peal, his recognizance shall remain in full force and effect, as to any
ill force.
breach of the [:olllli lioJl, without <lI1 "ffin llil tion of the jlJ{l!;II '{~ " t or or-
der of the magistrate, and shall :llso stand as a security for any costs,
wbicb shal! be ordered, by tile coun appealed to, to be paid by the
ap pe!lnnt.
Per;;ons tom· SECT. 18, AllY person, committed lor not finding 311TCtics, or re-
milt",", for nol fus illg to recognize, ;],; required by tile cO ll rt or magistrate, mlly be
i'~~:~~:~~~~~d, discharged by ony j udge or justice of the peace, on giving such se-
cu rity as lI'as requ ired .
RtltQ!·"i~lIrn: es Sr;:CT . 14. E very recognizol1ce, taken pUl'suant to the foregoi ng
'0 be irJ.~5"'it~ Vl'OvisiollS, shall be tl'rl.nsm itteu by the magistrate to the court of COln-
led 10 the courl.
mon ple;.!s ror rilE:! [:OlJlIly, [Jr, ill Ihe city of Roston, III tire InUllif:ipal
COll l't, on or before the fi rst oily of the noxt term) and shall be there
fill:!d uf I'l:!corJ by tile cleric
_ w hen lobe SECT. 15. Et'ery person who shall, in tire presence of ::my mag-
~i~~itoefl ~<:n islrnte mentioned in the first section of tbis chapter, or before any
~o"rtormagi,. court of record, make an affray, or thremel1 l0 kill 01' beat anotber, 01'
I1dl~. to commit ::my violence o r ou trage a?;ainst his person or property , and
ever)' persoll, ·. d lO iu the flrese nce of such court or magistraL!:!, shall
contend witb hot and ang.ry wonls, to the ciisturb::mce or the peace,
may be ordered, without process or any other proor, to recogni:l.c for
k eeping lire pt'<JCt', or lreiJJg!lf good uehli\<iur, ror II tp.rm nol exceed-
ing three months, and in case of refu~ill, m3y be co mmiLLccl, as berore
directed,
r crsollSwho!;'O SECT. I t) . If ary person shall 1;0 armed with :I rlil'k, dagger,
II rm ed mlly be sword, pistol, or' other offensive and dungerous weapon, \Vilbou~ rea-
~:%'ti;:tf~~ ~,~rI sOlla hlp. [';]Ilse to f[:'HI' ,Ill ll~~tmlt or otll ~ r injury, 01' violence 10 bis
?e~.~J &c. persoll: or to his ramil y 01' property, he tn<1)'l on ~'omplaint or sny
179",2fi,§~. personllaving rea sollabll~ cau ~e to real' an injury, or breach of the
peace) be reqLrireu 10 Ilnd sureties fol' keeping the peace; fol' a term
not exceeding six months , with the right of appealing as uerore pro-
vir/ed.
('~WI rna.l: Ill_ SECT, 17. V{henever, upon :) su it brought on any sllch recog-
mil p~r\ 01 p~II'
al",. nizance, the penalty thereof sball be adjudged forfeited \ the court may
7 J\Ia!s. 3Y7 . remit such portion of tile penalty, on the pel ilion oi any de fendant,
11110.00.
as tbe cirCliITIstances of the CClse shall render just and reasonable.
Surety IIlay S£CT_ l B. Any surety in a re cognjz ;j rWt~ tD kel-Op IIH'! pP.:WI'!, ()[
.~rr~llder bi, for good behavior} 01' both , shall hove the same authority and righ t
App. 024
ADD21
STATUTES OF WISCONSIN. 381

\he condition, without an aOirmalion of the judgment. or order of the
magistrate, and shall a lso sland as a security for any costs which
"'.U be ordered by the court appealed to, lo be pa,d by tbe appel-
lant.
~ 13. ~ny pcr80l~ committell for not fiu~iog sureties, or refusing NO!flcog_
to recogmz~ as reql1.1re~ by the COUl't or ma~l:trate, may be discharg- ::!;'~~r:d:
eel by any Jurlge or Justice of tbe peace on glvmg such security as was
reqUIred.
~ .1~. Every recogniza~ce taken in pU,rsuance of the foregoing Rectlgni.
provIsIOns shall be transmltled by the magistrate to the district court ~f:::;aIU
h the county on or before the first day of Ihe nC.l:.t term , and shall coyet_
be lher. filed of record by lhe clerk.
~ 15. Any person who shall, in the presence of any magistrate When r~ -
. d'In 1. he fi rst sectIOn
meotlOne . 0 f t h'lS statute, or belore
t
any court of QUlred.oll
vie... or
record, make an affray, or threaten to kill or beat another, or to com_tOllrt,&e
mit any violence or outrage ~ainst his person or property, and every
person who, in the presence of such court or magistrale, shall COD-
tend, with hot and angry words, to the disturbance of the peace, may
be ordered, without process or any other proof, to recognize for keep-
iug the peaoe and being of good behavior, for a term not exceeding
six, months, aud in c.ase of refusal may be c.ommiued as before di-
rected.
~ 16. If allY person shall go armed with a dirk, dagger, sword, pis- rn~:-~'e~o,~
to! or pistols, or other offensive and dangerous weapon, without rea_l!:iveacc.uri.
souable cause to fear an assault or other injury, or violenc.c to his perty, &e.
100, or to his family, or property, he may, on complaint of any other
person having reasonable cause to fear an injury or breach of the
peace, be required to find sureties for keeping the peace for a term not
. exceeding six: months, with tbe right of appealing as before provided.
~ 17. Whenever upon a suit brought on any such recognizance, l'artofJl~ '
j
the penalty thereof shall be adjudged forfeited, the court may remit :~~~)' remit·
!Uch portion of the penalty on the petition of any defendant, as the
circumstances of the case shall render jl,lSL and reasonable.
~ 18. AllY surety in a recognizance to k~ep the peace or for good :~:::~d~'
behavior or both, shall have the eame authority and right to take and prilleipl.l.
surrender bis principal as if he had been bail for him in a civil cause,
and upon such SUI render shall be discharged and exempt from aU li-
ability for any net of the principal subsequent to such surrender, which
would be a breach of the condition of the recognizance; and the per-
80D so surrendered may recognize i'new, wiLh sufficient sur.etics, be-
fore any justice of the peace for the residue of the lerm, and thereup-
00 shall be discbarged.
AN ACT making general provisions concerning crimes

and punishments.
~ 1 That every person who shall be aiding in the commission of A«e.dor ,
OJ • • I b to felon,. b e·
aDyoffence which shall be a felony either at common awor y any r()re Lhe (.aG1.
statute now' made or which shall be hereafter made, or who shall be ~Ij:'" pUII"h.
llCGessory thereto 'before the fact, ,b y counselling, hi.ring ~r otherwise
procuring such felony to be cO~lIll1tted, shall be. pUnished m the s~m.c
manner as is or shaH be prescnbed for the pUnIshment of the pflncl-
pal (eIOll.
ADD22
TITLE XII.] JljSTICF.5 m' THE PI:,\CE.

700
rdulling to recognize, as reqllired by the court or mo.gistrntc may C 169
be d o
Ise haroe
" d b y any JU
Od ge or Justice
° °
of the peace 0 11 giving, such -. .:".::'.::
Po'-.:.:..:.:o
security , us was required . 'm.~y be tai<~
after COInlnLt.
S ECT_ 14. Every recognizance, tah:en pursuant to tim foreaoin<T molll.
provisio ns, shall be t l"<msllli tll:!u to lhe d istrict court . 011 or bcfor~ recngn·zlnee.
RelYnl of ''lcl!
the fi fst d ay 0 f t I1e next ensuing term, and shall there he file d by
we clerk , 85 of record. -
S ECT. 15. \ Vhoevc r, in the prt.SCnce of any magistrate, men- Wbenm:lgi._
tioned in the second sectioll of t hi s chapter, or . any cou rt of qUill!
before' I.Me may fC ·
Jln.php.,
record, shaII ma'c k any affray or t hreaton to kill or beat a nother or witho~t ... r(Jr-
comm it any \'iolcncc against his person or properly or sbnll c~n- &al complaint,
tend , with hot a ll~ angry words, to t he d i!ll urbance'o f the peace, c.
may be ord ered, without process or m ly o ther proof, to recognize'
for keepi ng the peace, or bei ng of the good behavior fo r a term , not
eJlceeding three mont hs, all d, in case of refus;d , llIay he commi ued
to pril on as before d irected.
SECT. 16 . Any person, going armed with any dirk , Jagger, Pel'!!ons g!'i~g
sword , pistol, or olher offensive a nd d'lnfYe• 0
rous we:apon , wit hout a umed, wLthout
r~"k,,~.ble
reasonable cause to fea r un assault on himself, or all)" of his family eau_c.

or property, may , on the eomplnint of any perso n having cause to I S~ I, 'l(;, ~ l.
fear an injury or breach of the peace, be rcquired to fi nd sureties
for keeping the peace for a te rm, not excceding onc yea r, with the
right of appeal as before p ro" idecl.
SECT. 17. I n a su it, on such recognizance laklm ill fl cril."! "al ~o~~~'{t:-,rl,
caee if a forfeiture is foun d or conicsscd, t he court, on petition, penalty or II rC-
may'remit the pe na lly, or !-; lIcli pa rI of il as Ih l!y may think proper, ~~~,L~~~I!.j.
on such tcrm s as tbey may t hink right.
SI1CT. 18. An y surety ill U ~ecugnizancc ma~ sur:e~ der ~1J~ ~;:~~::~:.rr .
Principel in t he sn me m anm:~ r , as If he ha d I beend IllS b:ul lil a CIV i l ma~ .\)r~u~er
caOge l and, on such surrenucr, s Ila II belse d mrge f rom a 111°1(1 bO
o I' theLl I'n"~II,al"
I II}' a~ in cas. &0'
lor !lny oct 0 1" the pri!lci pal after suc h sur render I which wou ld .be .a ~1~.11 civil ae-
breRl'h of the rt!cogllll.a nce; and, upo n such su rre nder, ~ h c pt lll el-
pal rony recognize a new wi th s u ~eie~ll s urety or SlI rellts for the
residue of lht! term, before a ny Justice of th e peace, and shall
thereupon be discha rged.
CHA.PTER 1 '10.
OF THE POWER AND r rtOCEEDINGS o r JUST ICES (W '['1 [ (; PE,\CE IN
CRI MINA L C.\ SES.
SSCT. I. Jueticc. JOlLy require aid, on vie"', ~h(,·r. 6. Du ty 0: j ustice.", ae 10 ar'''''l:',,,nd
,-,UBllnat.On:l ",10 t'GlOOM, 'c nn·
.... itho~t" ,,""3nt.
2. Their j llriadicti(ln. i....,&c.
7. TriHI an(1 le"t~ncD "ilhin their j'"
:J. W hen .. j ualice .hall iuul! hig \\:Lr·
risdi ..;lioo.
rani. 8. Re'I',,"dent may appeal; bil l re_
4. Esaminatic n, (I n trial, (If Iho party
quired to reeoJ;ni.e.
accused. !l. To carr,. up copiu of the cuc.
!i. Of commiln".:nt o. biDding ove r to
I higher court.
ADD23
692 ARREST &C. OF OFFENDERS.
6iIfih~~: Sec. 15" Ever~ person who. shall, i ~ the presence of any magis-
~ trate meun oned In tbe first section of tblB chapter, or before any cOUJ't.
~rellchof pe~e uf recurd , make an affray, or threaten to kill ai- beat another, or to
:a';:=~~. commit any violence 01' ontrClge against his person or property, and
every person who, in the presence of Buch Court or mag18trate, sha.ll
contend with hot a.nd angry words, to the disturbance of Lhe ,Peace,
may be ordered, without pro cess or any other proof. to recognlz.e for
keeping the peace, for a tenn not exceeding six months, and in case
uf refusal, may b e cummitted as before directed.
Person going SEC. 16. If any pe rRoII gltH.l1 g o a rm c .] with a dirk, dagger, sword,
::=~~I?l~d suo pistol, or other ofiensive and da~g:erou6 w~apon , withC;lIlt l'easonable
pence. cause to fear an assaul t or other Inj ury. or vIOl ence to Ius person, or to
his fami ly or property! he may, on complaint of any person havin g
reasonable cause to fear an injury or breach of the p 'e ace, be required
to find sureties fur keepi ng the p eace, for a term not exeeediDO' six
months, with the right of appealmg as· before provided. 0
Court may remit SEC. 17. Whenever upon a suit brough t on any recognizance e u·
]lA~tnr pf!~fll t!, tered into in pursuance o f this chapter, the penalty th ere of shaH be
7 ',~ •• 39 , . a d'JUd ge d'lonelte
" d ,th e court may remIt 'sue 1 ' 0 f t he pennlty.
1 portIon
on the petition of any defendant, as the circumstances of the case sho.11
relHl eL-j ust and ren.'mnable.
8urll~Y may sur- 8EC. 18. Any surety in fl. recognizance to keep the peare. shall
~~;:l~~~~~t:· have tIle same authority an d right to take and surrend er his principal
surrender. as in other criminal cases , and upon such surl'ender shall be discharg.
ed and exempt from all liability for any act of [he rrincipal subse-
qn ent to such surrender, which would be a breach 0 thM (",ondition of
the Tecognizance; and the p erson BO BUl'ren.de;red may recognize
anew, with sufficient sureties, beforo uny justi ce of the peace or cir-
cuit court oommissioner for [he residue of the term, and shan there-
upon be discharged,
CHAPTER 1r,3.
OF T HE A RR gST AND EXAI\HNATION OF OF FEN DERS, COl'lDfJ1' MEl\'T FOIt
'l ' JUAL AND 'fAK.NCi RAT T,.
SECTION 1. }'or th e apprehension of pel'sons charged ",.1th offencCls,

Wh8.toftieer~ .
may inue pru- exceptmg sue 0 encoa
h ffi as are c?gDlza. bl e b' YJustIces
., 0f tIle pe~~e •.th ~
c~u f~ntbearr~~ tJ·u s ti ces of th e supreme court ludges of the county courts, ClrCllllL
01 oftonder~J &';0. . • ' . f ,,' d II' '
court commISSlOneT~, 'HI 1:ij'or~ allt! Te(~unler8 0 clt1es, an a JustIces
of th e l'eaee , shall have power to issue process and to carry into effoct
th e provisions of tbis chapter. .
. SEC. 2 . ,\Vhenever complaint shall be mad e to any such rnagu;trate,
~O~P~!~~~~te, that a crimina1 offence, not cognizab]e by a justice of ,the peace, baa
b ee n committed, he shaH examine on oath the complamant, and any
witnesses who may be produced by bim. . .
P roceedings if it SEC.~. If it sh~ll app ear f:0m. such examination, that any c.rll;lIfJal
nppp.Ar :hatlW offence not cOQ"Illzable by a Justlce of the p eace, has bt:leu c:o mmltted J
ofrcnce hill! been
c~mm.ittcd.
'
th e macristrate I:': •
shall Issue j'
a.• wa n-aut, (l1'ecte d to t he IS h en'II' or an Y
constalSe of the county, reciting the substance of the accusation, and
App. 027
ADD24
P,cwcntion of Crimes. 127
TITLE III.
0" I'rtOCF!EDlHOH IN CltlNll'fAL CUM.
CIlAI'. 14. or proceedings to prcvcllt thB commission ar crimea.

15. or arrllil and commitment.
10. or coroners' inqllcstll.
J7. or boil ill criminal coscs.
18. or oxamiuing court,.
to. Of grand jurica.
20. or iudlclmcntl!l, IHeacntmcnta nnd inrormaliona, and pro·
eess thereon.
21. Of triol (lnd its incidents.
s!2. or exceptions, writs of error Clnd execution or judgtncnt.
2il. or toution nntlnllowtLllcc of coaUi.
2,1. Of eontempts of court.
2G. Of general provisioD' conoerning proocedings in eriminal
cues.
20. Of eriminnl proceedings ngainlt slaves, freD negroes Rnd
mulaUoes.
CIIAl', XIV,
Ol' pnOCF.EDIN09 TO I'nF.n~NT 'l'1IF. C0311111SSI{)!'f 011 CnUtCH.
8£CTIO:l SEC"I'IOff
1. Officcf'l authorized to keep the 12. R.:cognhlUt('l. "bu to remlin ill
pelloo. foree.
9. COIn[lllillt. holY muce. 13. Pllf'lOnl cnmlnitt(!C1 for not reetIIf·
:I. h rre.t. niling, how di lchn rgcd.
4. l 'rill. Recoghiultcc to leep lhl! 14 . RecogniuRtCI to Ill! tmnlmilled
I) I!Q~· to court.
n. rurty, IVbcm t1ilc!,u,rred. I:;. Rec Ol:l1iIlRCCI, when to bo reqllir.
(j. Refltlin, to rcoognir.c, lo be com- ed on yiow or tbe court or 1R1l'
mitted. gi&trn.to.
1. C(llnllll.inlln\ whon \0 fillY outs. 16, I'ononl who Co 11rInllU lnll, h.
8. l'A1U1cnl of COlli in other ca~. "''luirr.,t to lii'lll lIureti!!. D lhl!
O. Appeal allo"l'c. flCtCI!, \'1:0.
10. On Dpplllll, \,ltneIICI to lCtloanite. 1'7. rU~lIIIB Mlof lIClOtl J'"me to "iva
11. r,ocuallinr lIlI 1l1'11l.'U.1. lIuety for good belnviotu.
1. Tho judges or tile suprcmo court or apPcli3, thc jUtlll'C3 or 11,0 ommuutbg-
gelleral c.ourl lhlOll~llOlit the commonwealth, 011 jUlSticcs of tim pence r~':~~"D kt!l'plb~
and commil;sionclI III chancery within their respectiyo jurisdictiolt',
milan hn'e (lower to C.CllJSC III In\\'s mode for the preservation of the
pulJt ic pelco, (0 be kept, Ilnd in the C}l;cculion of Lhat power, mn)' re- 1~1I\'f:r t n R'I!'rtI
quiro persolls to giYO seeurilJ to Iteep the (lenec, or for Iheir good be. ;j::~lf..... 1111_
htl~iour, or botb, in tho mllmer hereinofter pro~idod.
2. Whonover complaint tihlll be mado to nlly stich tnllgialrQlo thalclIl."l., llIIhcl\·
there is gOOtl OlU90 for fCtll that any pcrson intends to commit rut of. tud l'.
fenco Qg.1inst tho person or property of QUotller, the In.1giltrQtc shnU
etaminc tho complQillllllt Dnd Iny witllC:8se5 who mlly be Ilrcduccd on
oiltb, nnd reduce sueh comploint to writing, nlld callSC Ihe somA to be
lubscribod by tho complainont.
3. IF upon oKtlminattoo, it ahlill nppenr thnt there is just COUSCI to Altell.
feQr lhat any sucb olTcneo may be commitlcd, tlto mogistrale silOll is.
IUO tI warrant under his hnnd, reciting tho luUutl1l1eO or llie c.omploint,
o.ne! requiring tho officer to wboln it IOny be direoted, forlh\Tilh to 1l11-
prohond the pcreon complained of, lind bring him before such magis-
Into, or some otiter mngistrate bulng juriSdiction or Ihe co.lJS().
ADD25
128 Prtlvention. of Grime"

"'1-" 4, When the pari)' complnined of ill Inought beforo die mngislute,
)It,to,nluRUlta ho ahall bo honrd in hi_ defenco, and ho ml' bl) roquircd to cmler into
""1\ puu. II recognizAnce, with aufficienL aureties, in 8uth lIum aa Iho mlgi,.
trale shall direct, to keep the poocc towardl all the: people or thi!
commonwcahh, and cSI,ocinlly towllrd. tho pOTIon molting tho com.
plaint, for 8ueh term til the mngi5trlllo rnlly ortlef, not clCcccdilll
twelve monlh5, ""' tihill Itot be !"ouud o\'or to the ne:tl court, unlCBJ
110 illll,o elltrgcd "illl som~ olher olTcneo, for which he ought to !xl
heM 10 onswor .1 8\lch cOllrl. •
I'IuI, wileR dl,· 6. Ur,0n complying with tho order of the magistrate, tho pan!
clllfJ04:· compln ncd of IIbali be dischnrged.
R.ofll.l, t. roo 6. If 1110 person 80 ordered to recognize elutll refuso or nog!ccllo
e"llIln. \IJ bel
co.nullue4:. comply with :luch order, tho m"llistratc ~hall commit him to the j8il
tluring the period for which hll wn! requited to siva security, or unlil
he lihall to rccogni'Xe, stilling in the wllrrant the ClIISO of cOlnmitmcnt,
with tho sum nnd tllo time (or \"hich lecuril! WM rcquired.
nor."n'lVbm 7. If upon cxnuliliOtiOO it 6110.11 not 8ppl'Or thnt liu:!rc is just cnUl1!
. lac:ll lfl:cd. to fear that any lIucll o(l'onco \"iII be committed by lhtl parl1 com·
pll!.inoo or, he Bhall bo forl1n, ith disoharged j ud if the mnl:istro.tc
.....
CO.I['lnl~i\l1l
l1'hlln 10 1"'Y shnll deom the camplnint unfounded, friyoloull or maliciou" he mly
oruer tho eompTnin:mt to I)I\Y tho eosts of tho prosecution, and thero.
upon nward execution ngainst him for tho IInIM.
r~mQ.l .. t ~o>h 8. Whcn no order rcapccting the COSt8 ill mltde hI dlo mngistratc,
In olherCIlCl!. theyahall be nllo\,cJ IIlId pnid in the limo mlluner 18 coslsbdore
justice. in erimin.1 prosecutions i but in ni l CIISCS whero II. person i.
rcquire:d to givosccl.lrity for tbe pcttec. nr for hi. gooll bch""iol.lr, lb.
court or mllgi!trlltc moy (hrLhcr ord!!r that the co",t!!! of rmscculion,
or rlny pnrt theroof, !h"n lie Ilnid by such pcraon, \,110 ahnll Ilnlld
eommitlcd until ouch costs nro paill, or lie ia othcr\viac legally dis-
charged.
Appel'.II1~ I..... D. Any p~rson nggrieyed by the order of ony justice of tho peace
. :~:~~~rcc.,nl~' requiring him to recognize 08 aforesaid, mn" on giYing tho SCCUlilJ
. rcquir'C(f, appeal to tho cOllnly or eorpon.tion courlllcxllo Le holden
for tile nid county or corporation.
Ollllll[l~al.\,.n. 10. The mlgi.trllte rrom whoso arder on oppenl ~ taken, allal! ft-
~i:~' IQlo<:n;. qlliro aueh witnc3ses ns he hlU)' thillk lIecc!"'-r)' to flupporL the (Olll<
(llnint, to recognize for their nppenronce nt the court to wllich I.e
nrrna1 hi m"t!c.
I'fOI:~d lnCI lin J 1. The court beforo whicb auoh oppelll is prO!ccuted, may nairlll
",~pcII.
the order of tho jUlltico, or di5C)lilrgC the .ppellant, or mny rCfluife
hilD to cnter into a now rceogni'unce, "hh aufficient 8urotie!!, in
slJch sum, tlnd for such timo, u tho oourl shnl! tMnk prO(ler ; RIId
mny I1lso mnkc .uoh ordcr in rellltion to Iho coslll of prosecution u;
may bo deemcc.l just mal rensonn.1l10.
ntoocn bl\nr~ I~
b!I .. dld unh.. , 12. If lilly pnnr npllonlilllJ shnll foil to proeecule bi6 appeal, h~
fl[1(IC11 'IQ:>C~II' rccogniznncc shill rcmo.iu In full forco enti olfcct, .8 to nny brcacb
lc" . of tho condition, without ou, nffirmntion of the order of tho magis-
tratt, nnd sb:dl 0.190 sllnJ a9 0. security for Gny costs wbich IIbllll be
oflk:rcd by the court oppcalod to, to be poidb1lhc IIppCl!lIllL
rtnMllcnlllcl ll. 13. Any person conunittoo (or not flnc.ling securitie" or refusing 10
lei! ("'II'~ ......:D;. rocoglli20 u required by tho court or mngil trQtC" mny be disoharged
IIltln!:,IItI" dl •• I.
cloNlc4- l.Iy auy Ju ' .1
... gc or' Jusllce
"
0r t 110 pencc on glYlng
.. lue' I I 60mmty
. as ,us
required, or by tho cOUllly court, on luch terms 09 tllO court mly
deem rcuonllhlc.
RlltfIt,ft,lftnfU . '1. Eyery reoogoilllllncc t.ken punrunol to tho (orcnoing Ilro" isiollt.
«'''nle I .. CO'Ilf. 810 1 II bC lrnutlmlltcd . by llc
l runglslralc
' " tbe county (Il
to tho court of
or hoforo the fint day of the 1l0xt lorm Ulereof, nnd .htlll bo there
filod of rocord by tho clerk.
ADD26
jrrut and OotnmflJlJiml. 129

1&. Ever), person \Yho S1111.1I, in tho presence of nny mngi!lrlllc,llec"rnltAltcl
mentioned in the Ilrst seotion of Ihbl act, or iJefore nn)' court of re- r:~~!~el~~~~r.
cord, make 11.11 affro)" or thronten to kill or bent another, or to com. tUtG or mnal ..
mil. allY VIO
. Ience or outrage '1(01119
• • h'la person or prClrertJ, nn d ev"rl Irlllo .... ~~rl.
perlon \fho, hi the prOllouco of aucl. cOuri or mllgiatrnte, 6h,1I can·
tend with hot nnd fll1gt' word!!, to tile dislllrlUtnCe of Ihe r~lIce, Play
be ordered wilhout proCCSI or Rn, other proof, to reco!'rlli;r;e for
keeping Iho poacc, or beitlg of good bchllyiour, for a. lefl~l not ex-
coeding 1Iri:c: months, and in COISC of rcfuill mOl be committed III be-
fore directed.
10. If 0111 peraon sholl go nrmed lVith lUly offensiyo or dll.n~erClu, 1'cn!f'lII"'IIlI",,,
wenron, witholll rellsonublo CRII80 to folt nn u~ll\uh or oilier IIIjUfY, :':!~:r:: to IInJ
or violellce 10 Ilis ponon, or 10 his fnmil)' or properly, he may tJe re. .
quired (0 lint.! sureties for kccllillg (lao reneo for n term not excced-
iug twelve month" with the rig It of npllcnling lUI Lefore [lrovicletl. "rrml .,lI'J\\,.::I.
17. Sneh persoll! RS nro tlot or good fame m.y be required to give I'rorrnM ~nt nt
IUflieicnt surely of thcir good bohllyiour for such term, 1I0t clCceed_::~~:~· ln l"' I \'C
illg twclfe mOQlhs, ruJ tho magi,tlote requiring it may order.
CIIAI'. XV.
OF ARRF.ST AND COllm'nI&:iT.
SECTIOIt Sf:GTIOff
I. OUiccr. CIlI(IO\'I'ctcd Lo oct. When pfillOn(,l'to bl) dill!hlr~d.
11.
.e. COIllI,llints, warritnll and sum· HI. W ll1.1n to be blliled "r
elllnrlllUod •
lIIonlOl. IIJ. Jr pUly cntill!!d to ul.lllinlllion,
3. Olfl:!neo cOlnu'IiUl'tI in 100tilet .'te.
t;nu·nly. 20. J( noe. 'I) entitled, arul trl.o.bJe on
... In \1'1'11 cOIntl wun.nt mill lK! ia,li(:l.Inf'nt, I~C •
u('cuted. 21. Irlluty c ),ar(Ct! bo rree
nerro, &c.
G. I'lilouer, wilen 10 be brought be. 22. Dilly or m',::lItratc, &c.
fore IlIngilll'll.lO on IUte.t. !n Wit.ncwsc. If! recogniao.
G. l\h:illrltc 1 ir btl tl:\ko hl.a, to re- 9.1. \vilneftt'., ",lIOn te I'l!cognho Ivilll
111m rellll1n itQncol &0. 'IIrclit...
1. Olllerr, how to I'roee(!u ir (lrisnner 21i. Rc!cf!unillnc('. (I( rnlntlN, ,"~o.
net b:.ik!d. 00. Wltne ..e. rcllJ11lna to n.'flcvnllo.
8. I'rllollcr. wlum to lie carried 10 27. i\lllgistro.w lI1u.y rLIIIIftciu.te oi.hen.
couoty wheucCl wartallt iuuc.'d. 12tl. Priloner br whom let ,,, bllil.
9. SIIIIte .ubjcct. 2!l. IteeOJ{nillnce', &0. to be ~hltncd.
10. Nagi,lrllte milt ldjourn examin.- 30. Commitments. &0. \Vllen to be
tien. diull:lrgcd.
II. JII CIlIlO orderll.~l, rcco,::nizAneo to ~
k curlified. lon"" """r".
,~W to bo , .... " ,.
12. l'l'OCt'lltlin!(. ,,"en party /hll. to n Proceedings on !brl'eltcd ft'coC'nl.
m:ognlte. 34. uucc ••
~!: ll\h.!lncr or condQclinJl' ro.
c.tllmina- :lG. ni~bt or Illlcty t.a aurronclcr pritt-
16.5 ' '<In. clPll.
IG. TCltimony to 00 n:ducod tl) lui· 37. To WhOUl to 110 Ilnrondcrcd.
tinlf· 38. Whon to tllO Murt.
I. For tllG npprohenBion of penon!il elmrged witll orrcnccs, tho rMrf.~. II> IImIIII
judges of tho g:cncrnl OOtut, find nil jU9tioC5 of the I)caoe in ",olllion !'h::~~~1
IS well ns ill term time, nte nlilholi~ed to iuue proGo" to Mrry into
effect tbe provision. of thil act.
2. Upon oomplaint made to IIllyauell mlgistrnto th:!t 0. eriminnl Etun lll.llttft II.
offence I1II been c<oPlluilted, lie 81111.11 elllmiue on ooth the tonlrJail!- (lIIIIpllll1l.
Int nnd any wilnene!l produecd by him, and &hllll reduce tho com·
plnint to writiag, o.ud COU8(J Iho lime to be subscribod by tho com-
ploinnat; and if it 8hnll nppcar thnt I\n)' !luch offence hilS been com-
17
ADD27
528 PROCBF.DTNGS TO PRF.YF.XT C'RIME.
deem the complaillt unfounded, fri\'olous, or malic lOlls, be shull unler

the complainant 10 pay the costs of pI'Os~cution, who shall thel'eU?OIl be
answerable to the mllgistl-ate and the officer fOI' their fees as fOl' his
own debt.
SEC. 10. When no order respecting the co~ts is ·malle Ily the mag~
istr:ltp , they $hall be allow PIt and paid in the same manner as costs be-
fore justices in crimin::tl prosecutions j but ill all cases whel'e a person
is required to give security for the pe.."Ice or for his good bcha\·ior. the
JJllIgistratc may furthe r order the costs of l)roSf;CHtioll or any part thl"re_
ofl0 be paid by such person,' who shall stand committed until such
costs arc pnid l or he is otherwise Icgal ly di~ehnrged .
Appnl
i uwoJ.
wll~~ ~ l SEC . 1]. Any person aggrie,'cd by the orde}· of any jusii<.:c or
tile
pence requiring him to recognize:ls. aforesaid, m~y, 011 giving the se-
curity required, appeal to the district eOllrt next to be holden in the
same county, or that county to which said cpunly is attached for judi-
cial purjJu~t;.'i.
When m""I.(roie Sr:o. 12. The magi;;trate from who~e 01'(1er nn n.ppenl h "'0 1n.ken,
rna) ",, !,lIf e .. It-
np,o I" r4'cu:nlu. shall require sueh witnesses as he m.'l.y think necessary to mpport the
complaint, to recognize for their <t.ppearnnce at the court to which ap-
pEal is made .
Dl'trlc~ court how SEC.· 13. The court before which slleh appefl.l is pro!':e(llllerl, may
to p,'or ... d "f>~"
.. nc b a.pP'/I]. affirm thc ordcr of the justice or discharge the appellmt, or m:1.y r e-
quire the appellant to enter into a :lew recognizance, with sufficient
sureties: in such Sllm [lnd for such time as the court shall tllillk proper,
:llld may aho make such order in relation to the costs cf proseCllliml :IS
he lllay deem just (1.1\(1 reasonable.
Wit ... "Ilpdl<lnl SEC. 14. H any pru.-ty appealing , shall fail to pr05ecute his a.ppcai,
r~Ui 10 l ) r o~ec Ule
.Pl'Ul, '.CUR"I- his l'eeognb:ance shaH rem::lin in rllll force n.nd effect as \0 allY ureadl 01'
un <~ u'\"'lll r~ rcc . tile condition, without :m affirm:ltion of the judgment or order of the
mogistrntc, ll.nd shall 0.150 sland ns a security for o.ny costs which . shall
be ordered Ly the court appealed to, to be paid by the Dvpellant.
.... ner COInI1lII"'~"I,
h o\v (l~f , ·~,I .'nt mR)'
Rr.r:. l~. Any p~rson commit1ed for llot fi~rlillg sureties, o~ ndu~jn~
" 0 dbcll . rsc<l . to recogntz e a~ re(lulreJ by the court or maglstr:lte, may be duchargeo
by any judge or justice of the pC:lCC on giving such seoUl'ity as waq re-
(luir~ll.
Jlec'SIlI~a~ Cl) 10 be Sr.e. 16. Foverv recognizance taken in pursu.lllce of tlle f'u regoillg
'Tluljn,llto<1 ' " <1i~ _
t,l el CUi,,.(· provision, shall be ir:ln~mitted by the mngistrate to the district court for
the county, on 0 1' bei'ore t he first d~y of the next term, and shall be
lilere filed lIf re(;orc1 by the clerk.
Wh." Il~""'l m"y
b . . . rd_r..:J \" r~_
S.£c. 17. Any pel':;on who ~hall in lilt: prest'llce or any magistrate
co~"I~" n'ltho111 mentioned in the first section of this chupter, or before ally court of rec-
,,'II<rom. m·d make an affray, 01' threaten to kill 01' bcat another: or to commit any
violence Qr outrage <lgainst his person or ,PropcrlY, and every ~e1'5011,
who, in the pre.:;enee or slleh conrt or Hmglstale, sh .. J1 contend with .hot
and ang-r)' words, to the disturbance of the penet·, may he ordereu wllh-
out process or any other proof, to recognizo .fo"!" ~eeping the pea~e , ann
ur
bt:illg goud Lehayior, f01~ a term !lot. exce?clmg SIX lnontbs) and )n C:l.sC
of {\ refusal, may be I"!Ommlt1ed as ue/(Jre aIn~~tcd, .
t".. ,..." rIJ <:lrryln ~
".,..,,£1 •• "'~ '))O h'
SE C , 18. If :l!1y persoll shall go arm~rl wIth a (hrk, dagser, !)word,
\j ~ ~' ~u"I'lloN, pistol or pi5iols, or other ofi'cnsiyc and (~al~gcrolu ,~eapon, Wl t ~Oltt rf'ns-
onil.hlp. r.1l.1I"'P. to fear un a~8ault or other l11Jury or vlOlence to hIS person,
or to his fam ily, or property, IIp. may, on <':ulJlplaint 01' any othel' person
having reasonablc C!l.USC to fe:lr an injury or br~ach of lhe peace, be :e-
qui red to find sureties f or keeping t.he peace,. lor n. tel.'1Il not exeeedlllg
~ix months, with tile right or Ol)Jpeahng a~ belo\'e pro\'lded, .
S~ll l .rollllh l ml re-
SEC. 19. Whenever lIpon a suil brought on any such l'ec()gll!~anceg,
...
~ tn" ,,\ c~, the pcn{\lt~' thereof shall be :tdjudge<l forfeited , the cot1rt may remit such
ADD28
+(,121/,1(
Citation: 1853 220 1853

Sun Oct 12 01:26:18 2014


ADD29
220 .A.nnusTS.
OnA.l'.l1. cll:l.rgcd by any judge or justice of t.he ~ on SivinS sucb 'seeu.
rie., tl3 was required.
fIIl •• ",I",,· SEC. 15. Every recognizance takeD in pursuance of the forc-
eel
h~
wilen
ItI •.10 .
I- gomg • •
provIsIOns, sb 3.II c_ . '
(Ie tTflnsmltte d by t1le mnglstr:l.te
' to· t he d'Ig·
mltl<;d, triet court for the county! on or before t.he first da.y of the next
term, oDd shnll bs there filed or record by tho clerk.
Orte, III TIl' SEC. 16. Any person, who shall, in tho presence of any magis-
~:1~~rr~~: tro..te mentioned in the first section of this chnp'w, or before any
court of record, mnkc 11.0 affray, or threaten to Inll, or bentnnotber,
or to eommi~ a.ny violence or outrage o.go.lnst his person or prop-
er~YI and every person, who, in the prestlnce of liuch court or mn.·
gistmte, shall contend with bot and nngry word~ to the dh,. turbnnco
of the peace, J.Ilay be oroered, "itbout process or :my othe.f oroo~
to recognize for kcepin~ the pcnce, nnd being of good bohn'ilor for
a. term not excceding ~x: mont~ and in cnsc of tI. rcfu~nl 1 mny"bo
committed as before directed,
Mme. p..... SEo. 17. I f nnypcl'Eon shalt gonrmod with n dirk dagger, s"oro,
~~"e;h~: pistol, or o\hcr oft'cD9iTcnnd dangcroU3 ,,.CApoD, witboutrcnsonnble
1\ruI .... ,IH. cause to fear nn D.fSUuI~ injury, or o~her violence: to his per&lll, to or
l1 i8 family or property, he may, on complaillt of any other person,
hnving rensonnble cnus-'l to fenr an injury, or brench of tbe pence,
be required to find sureties for keeoing tho PCtlCC for 110 term not
exceeding six months, with the right of nppealillg ns befdre pro·
vided. .
~'I t ~. _ 18. Whenever on a suit brought on nny such rccognizance,
SiO.
oosd...,ce. the pencHy thereof sbllU be ndjudged forfeited, the court moy roo
mit~ueh portion of the peo:l.Hy on the petition of ony defendant,
dIe cil·ellmst.'l.DC".s of the cnse shnll render just and reasonable.
3..<:
l!uretr!MV SEC. HI. Any 81..:01y iu n recogniznnee to keep the pence, o!.'
~;:i;:' for good bchnvLOf, or both, shall have the snme nutflority n.od right
to take nnd surrender his pri.ncipal, ns if he had been bail for him
in n civil onse, lLnd upon such surrender, shn1l be aischnrged oml
exempted from ::t111iabili~y for any net of the principnl, subsequent
to SUCll surrender, which would be 0. brench of ~hc condition 01' t bo
recognizance: i nnd thc person ~o surrendcr,cel l ml.y recogniz.e anew
with sufficient sureties, before nny justico of the pence for the resi·
due oftbe term l nnd thereupon shn.ll be discharged.
CHAPTER XVII.
AruU!81'S.
8£0. 1. Arrest d1":60oo.

2, .Arroa~ how ami 0,. whOfll mIce.
a, Bvcr7POr.lOll Wlusl ~Id ohr in mnki~1i o.~rGi~ Ir llXluired.
ol. AlT1ISt for rO[C1Rl nnd mildomOll!lor, 'When 1'11111 bit midI!.
I). All to wll;~cu"sli ulle. arrest. ,
G, Offiecr mal pur~l:e fugil[Yo 1111.0 ol.lm counties.
1. WhGIllin oftlctr or ?ri.,Alo person may IIrrNt without. wnrrlDt.
S, .ArrQJt, how Wlndo In Bach ('1\$0.
9, H:IC~po and <»pluro of prilmllcr.
AlfUl, SEC::. 1. Arrest i~ tho taking 0. person in~ custody, thnt he mny
•
be held to answer for a public offence.
ADD30
250 (!trfmfltill Ut'!Icebure:.

,npp:>ud tt> tion. uf !l,e crime of bo rgla-T.11 robhE'IT or lnrceny, " nd the ~nid mn.g~str(ltc Gil lll! haTe
"" 6101.n, i~sued Lls WI1ITI\Il~ to npprehclld .<neh J!er~on VI" pcr.~OI)~ , or to F.ciH'eh lor 611(:11 gouda as
~~"~nl~b[l\'e beel) de~cr i bcJ, on unth 01: llffil'lllllti"n, to h[\"6 heen ~tulen fS:)od~, if 1m)' shull be
o~. _,,>Cd. fO l.llld in the ~1l6t.ody or posses~lun tlf s,wh p.erllO,!ll or pers::ms, or III the Cll S~ .... dy or pos-
seuion of an y other person or pe ,"",:,,!'!, (,)I' IllS, her or .hell' usc, and t h~r c IS pl"Obil ' ll~
Cfl I.lOO, su pported \.1J Mlh or :tffirmfl.~[()II, \0 ~u~pelit t hl\.!. other goo J ~, \'fhll.:h mfly be d i ~.
oovcred Oil such se:trch, :tTe st ulen, it shall an d mn)' be ]a.wfui for the se,id lI1:lgistrnte Ie
d irect the snid good.~ til he ~eizcd, !Lnd til secure t litl SRllle ill his own custody. u n\('ss the
peNon in \I'hose pos~essioll the same "'tlr~ wund shall gil'tl s uffi ciellt 8UTI:lLy to produce
tn~"'t~rl'. t ho same:..l th e (lOle of his 01' her t:·io1. Aud the sflid mllgietrate shall fOl'tlmith calise
rm inv,~TltOry tv be t(l.k!:!n of lhe ~Hiu good~, aud 5hall file the ~arne with the clerk of .hlll
court in "' hich lhe a~(.u~ed per.wn i3 iuteuded to be pr08ecuied, and ehnll give public
llU tice in the ll ~'np(j,per~, or otherwise by ud\'~rtisiug the same ill three or .morc public
1!lmJ1l3 ill the CltJ or coun ty where tho otrell(le lS charged to have been oommltted, i)ef"re
the lime of tri l\ l, oo~ing in aueh adve r tise~lieut the S!\id in 'l1'wtory, :he person eb r.rgcd
}l.a<iluUoo. und ti me of trial. A nd if, on such tria!, th nccused party shnll be :LCquitled, a od 01:
otheL' oln.im(l.nt sh[l.ll appeal' or 6uit b~ oommeDeed, thcD, at the ex pir ation of th ree
IO Cll1th$, SUM goods shoJI be deliveped to the pflrt.y :lc r. ll~P.I1. Ilnrl 111<, ~hl!. fir t helshall be
d i~eh!lrg~d, a11d the CO'lnty 1'of' lin11le to t he cosUl of prusee utiou; but if he hI! oonl'i~ '1'Id
of larceD)' 0111y, and, !1.ftp.r restitution maLle LO the owner aDd the sentilllO::9 of the co urt
being fully complied with, slmll cl;~illl IL right in the rc~ idu e of Lhe ~~I id guod9, and nc
Cltller shall l!.J!pear or claiUl t he 5aid good~, or louy p:o.r~ of . hem, then I~ 15hall be h .wfui.
notwithstandlug n il:: o::iaim of the s ~id par ty accused, tI> detain 5uch good~ for the tcrlll
of fli ne 11lOIl~hs, to the end tbll.\ nil persona haviu;:; any cloim th61C1<) IDay bf\'I'o flli .
opportlln ity to come, ;1.n(1 to the 3fLtisf",ctioD of the court, pr ove t heir property iD t hem'
(In whic b proof the s[\id owner 0:' OWDors, respectively. shall reclJive the s(l.id good[, oj
the \·(t.\ue thercllf, if from their puisha ble nn.ture it shall have been fouud np'e6ssnry to
IIlflke 89.IB thereof, lIpan paying the reflsoml.ble char ges incurred l:Iy the securing the $lid
gUilds l\lld e-stalolishillg their pl'()perly in the same; "but if 110 sneh claim shall be brough t
and du ly ~ Ilpparted, then th e per~(Jn!lO convicted sha.ll bl'l entitled to the remainder (,f
the said goods. or l_hA valli" rtlereof, in case the same shall ha ve been sold agreeably t(
Wh.n t... be tbe or igin:}.1 inventory. llu ~ if, upon lin attainder of h llrglu ry or t'oubi!ry, tlw COU1·t ~hall,
~di .......j to aft~ r UUI: ilJl.{uiry, 1.)1: uf upilli\1l1 thaL the &Lid ~oods WCl'e not tbe n roper~y of sucb bllrg:hlr
:~'~~~n='or rubber, lhey ~hal l be dd ivel'ed, together WIth IL certified copy 'or tho said irmmtorJ, 10
the conlmi~~ioner3 of the C(lun~J, who 810;) 11 ind()Tse a receipt therefur on the origin a;
inventory, r"'l!;i~ter the 9.... id iO\'entorv in a. book, and also anuse the eame to be publicl)
n.d ve rtisod, :;I\' in~ notice to nil pereollS elnim iog the snid goode to prove their prl)perty
tt.erein to the ~:\id eomlll is~ioners; (Hld u o le~e 6ueh proof shall be ulnde wi:hin thre(
months from til e d:\te of illCh nd.\'el·tiscment, the $aid gOl)ds shall be publicly sold, I\nd
the net moneys !\rising fl'Om su ch sale shall he pnid into the county trea ~urJ fl)r the use
Dispo.:!iOll of t.ill'! (l,lm mnml'l!alth: PI'QlJid~d ol!rra.y.~, That If allY c1a.im:lllt Rhnll appear '(I'ithin one
"cP·O<>IIoot.. ye;lr, !\Dd profe his nr her property in the said goods to the 6alisfnction of the commi;s.
sioners. 01' i[l the C(ll:'e of d isp ute, shall obtain thlO v91'dict of n,iury iu fa.-I'DI' of ~ uch claiLu,
the said claiman t ~hall be entitled to recover, (lnd r eceive froo\ t.be o:>a.id (omul is3ioners,
Clr treasurer, the De~ amiJlln t of the money3 paid !\5 afore6a.id iuta the haoda of the sai,j
commi5~i oner5. or by them paid into the trea3urV of this eo m ul onwea.lth.( a)
s..re\l' ofth~ 5. If nny p<:rson sbr.ll threatcn th e pcrSOTl or
n.oothef to wou nd, kill or destr.>y him,
pea;:.. cr to do h im (lny herm iu 1)E!I'son Or 93tat9,(b) aud the person t hn:..tcned shoJt ap pe&:
b~fi:,re !1. just:ce of the 1)E!(\~e, nlld attest, en
oath or nffirma ti oD, thot be believes thoU by
such thre(lteIl J n ~ he is In da nger of beiug hu rt in bodJ aT est:l.te, sllch llf:r~1l1l ~e th reat-
ening (\S (\ fOrCsnld. ihllll be bound over. wit h one suffieieDt sllrety, to fl.ppear (It the ll c..1
8e~siun~.(c) accord ing 10 Jill,\" and in the meantime tD be of his good behavior, ~Ild
kecp the pellce towa.rd all citizens of this cODlmoDI'\'cll.lth.(d) If llll)" perSon, Dot bemg
a u offiCl;Jr 011 uo.;ty iu lhe lIl ilit:uJ ur uuv(ll servi(;e uf ll.lt: t; t..1.ll:l u" of til e enited StlLIClI
IIhall go armed with>l dil·k, dngger, sword or p istol, aT other o£l'ellsh'e or dWlgeL'O~S
weap,oD, wi,hou~ reasonable. c;~u ~e to fear nu M5l1ult or other i'ljury or 'l'iolenee to hl~
famIly, pe r~on orrropcrty , he llIa.v. on eonlplnint of any per501l hnYing r ensona l.l!e C~llS 8
to ,feo.r n brcach 0 th o PCl!.CC thcrefrom, be r equ ired to find Burety of the peaee IlS .'l.iuI'e'
8Iud. {e)
7 In 9.11 e9.~es the pllrty neellsCld, on odh or aftirmfL tion, of lLfIy el'ime OJ' mi~deDl e llllOT
ag",i nst the l:lw9, shall be a.dmltted to bail by one or more su ffwient su rl!tles, to Le inken
hilfOl'o liny j lldge, j ll.'!tice, mnl'O?, recoruer or nldermfln whel'e Ihe I)lfellC~ chllrged h ili
been ~f1mlllilte::l, e!!;cept Sll~ti penons as are preciluled frum beiIl g bailed uJ th~ con·
sti'lltion ofthib commollwettltll :(0) Pl'ovilkd also, Tha.t pel'SOulS a ecu5ed o.~ Ilfcrcsnld, of
II. .... 1111... ' I . , \6. P. l. . .... T. nl~" l.
(~)'th;" ~d!"" ;s t~k<D fc~m t~. 10lh ...".I~1l ~f Ib~ ac~ 2311
Set>t"IIIU~... l'~!,~ S~II. ,\~. Hel""OII tha 1" '''01 (JoJ<1e;l\l.
i~) S".-. ty '" th. ""~ .... 10 ~,,,,,""d.b!.or ci!thl by "")' 11I,1!-
~j ~nl ",b<> 1<,11 ,,~,:.. lit • ." ·,,,...'111'1 ""'h. I 1I . 10~. u. 8," l
Aiil. U. :I I'. 4:i~.
(c) A oom>Dillin!!, "·~gi.tTtl' ~ h ... .,0 B\"h~c;l. to ";~d ~ r ....
,.,,, Lu b"~ til" ), .....:". '" r~r IIi. ~,,;l\I I.o.:~"'·l,jr, IQ " g~r Ituu
th o II,,", I"'DI nf th" M"rt_ ~ I' ~~q
(d) Su,tty for ,oed todJ"";<>'- " .., bo 01'11 .",t! by ,~.~ rour\,
lit ..... Ill. "'''lG1t,,,1 of ~ ~r,.""~r. In such SIID1. IIn~ klr ~1I('b
t ~.gtll of .i oo~, tI U", pubU. la r.ly ""I .. iz-... ~~ . 43;, l() Bu r
App. 030
ADD31
::n2 MTSCELLANEOUS.
sh:lll be responsible for t he payment of the expenses of

h is reten tion in jail.
R ewards /01' the AZJjJ7"c7tension qf Escaped P1"isoners.

Act 1/' FebT1,ary 1, 1800.
SEC'l'ION 1. ' ¥hen a ny pel'son sha.1l make his esoape
f rom any ~ol1nt? of this Territory after having been
senr.8nced b.V the court to suffer any penalty, i t shall be
t.he dnty o·f the cou rt to i nform immediately t~ h e governor
thereof, giving a description of su ch fugitive.
§ 2. The governor is hereby authorized to offel' U
T€'warcl, to be paid out of the f und s of the Teni Lory, to
Hny p erson who shall tind a.nd del iver SllC il "(ngitive :
P ro/Ji(Z,.,d, [.hat. ~lIch rewul'll s h all ue a~ the will of thij
gove rnor.
Rauxt1"li for Accused Pm·sons. ~1. ot if 1874, OIt. 12.

SECTfOX 1. In cases of mnrder ot' o['her felony, when
t he person 01' persons accused of the crime shall be at
l:ll'g-e, t.he go"erTI or, when in his judgment it ~ba.ll be
necessary to secure the apprehension of" the accused, shall
he au t.horizecl to issue his proolamation offering n Tcward,
not exceeding five li ll llllreu dullars, fur t he appreh ension
and delivery of the accllseCl to the pl'oper office.
§ 2, Tbe auditor of public flcconnts is hereby au t.hol"
ized to dra.w a wanan t on th e treasur y o f t.he 'rel'ritory,
jn fn VOl' of the person entitled to a l'OWlll'd, undm' the
provi sions of the preceL1ing' section, f Ql' th e a lIl{J u I I [, t h R.'eo f,
upon t,ile presentation I)y sllch p er;30 n of his account
certified a nd approved by the governor.
Dwdly Weapons. Act qj"1869, Ok. 32

SECTIO I'i" 1. It shall be unlawful for a n y pel'so n to
carry d eadly weapon8, eit her concealed or othe r wisp., on
0[' about thei r p ersons within any of the sett/lements of
this Territory, except it be in the lawtll l defense of them-
seh'e.~, their families or their property, and th e sa me
being then a nd there t hreatened wi th danger, or by ordeJ'
of legal n.nthority, or on their OWTI la nded propedy, or
ill ~xecn tjo n of an order of court.
§ ~, D eadly weapons, in ~be me3.uin a of this act: s hall
be constl'ued to mean a.1l In nels and classes of plstols,
ADD32
MISCELLANEOUS. 313
whe ther t he same be .1. reyolver, ll erl'i llg13l', l'epeatCl' or

an y ot il E' l' kind 01' 0\;1$$ of pi:stol i uuy an d all {.;:inds' of
buwie knin"s, dng!:;t'i"S, pOlli:mls. bu tcher knives, dirk
ku h'es ilnd all snell \\\.'apvns with which cuts call be O"iven
Ol' by whi<.:h \\'oLUllls l':tll bE' iutlictetl by tlullsting! inCOlud-
jn('f ~w ..)rLl cand null :snell t'h;ll'p-pointelll'anes wi Lit w!1ich
dt'~llll.Y Ihl'1l 5t5 C~II~ lw given, ,Hid :1.11 kinds of SlUllg-:; hot8.
:Lmi al lY utileI' kmtls of ,leadly lI'e:1lJU!1, by wlJatl::!rel'
llame i t l1u,y lw r:1l1el1. b,\' whic h n dnllg"l'OL13 wound C..l11
be infi il'red.
~ 3. Th e peui11ty fol' rile y iuhltlOll (.f the preuedill g:
~t'cri o ns o[ [iJis :It'l slmll uu t be less than te n dollars 1101.'
mOle tll<lll lifty tl ll Uars for ea('h offense, or ]1(l t less than.
l en (lays' illlprisunlll~lH l lGI' mOl'e t uan IUty d:1Ys' j[lJPl'is-
unment in t be CI)llo ty juiJ, or b o th; sndl lint: a 1111 ttl!·
pl'ison nwnr in tile- discretion of th e jury try ing [Il e casco
§ 4. .-\.ny person who ,sh all dnlw a lleadJy weapon 0 11
3.11otuel', or w 110 shall bandl e a deadly \yeil pon in a t hl'ear·
enillg lIlallllE"l' :It Ul· to\\'anls <lno Ll1er, ill any par~ of thi s
'1't"l'I'i[o[·~·. tlxcept in the hlwfnl defensf;) of !limself, hi ~
family,01· bis pl'opel't)', 01: by 01'(11;'1' of legni authurl lY,
npnll cOlwicrion th e reof bE'f()l'~ cue propel' tdbunal, :'.i hnll ,
fOl' earl! utfense, bt;! tined ill a s nm no t less tha n twenty-
tin" dolln rl'i nm' mure than s~ n"nty . li ve dollars, or by im-
plisonmf:lnr ill the con nry jail roJ':1. [e l'm of not less than
I Wflnry (lny::; or mor~ t han sixr,y days, 01' l1t: pl1nish~d by
hoth silch line find imprison ment, in the discretion of tbe
jnrj I ryi ng th e e<luse.
~.s . ..loy person who shall drn.\V 01' IlSC nny d endly
weapon ill any ball. dance, 0 1' ot her publ ic gat her ing or
tile people, 01' near where any elecr.iou authorized by Jaw
is ht!i ng held in :.ll1Y p:11't of the TeniLOl'Y, except. i t be iu
the J.nvfnl dt:fense of him self, hid fa mil y, UI' Ills property,
or in ObBdiPJ)ce to legal authorit~-. shall; upon co ndction
l)dor~ the prn[lt' I· tl' ihun:ll , be pu nished by a line not less
{ ilall fifty u.oilal's nor mOI'e than one hUI1(hec1 d oll a l's for
each offense, or by imp riso nment in r,lle county jail for a
t"l'm of no r les8 than one mont h 1101' mOl'e than three
lUOlllh." for I~a ch oife n:se. I)), by bo tll s li ell line ..\lid im·
jJL"isunmen r. ill the discret ion of I he j ury tryi ng the cuuse.
§ 6. .Ju srices oE tLe peace, as \vell as eb e District Con rt,
phall have jnrisdiction lIf all offenses un uer "be pl'ececiing
~ections of this act; a nLl ju all cases of p ro:;ecuLion und er
t,bi~ act" in wb ich a plealJE guilty s llall be en tered. t,he
court s hall TU'(lcec(l to II CUl' 'Lnu. determine tile eas€', a nd
,
ADD33
31-1 :MISCELLAN EOUS.
sha ll assess the p enally, upon COI1ViCmOD, withou~ the

lnt.p. rvention of a J ury, unless t he accnsed shall demand
a tl'iol by jnr)'. [As amoueled, 1876, Ch. 35.]
§ 7. A cOllviclioo of allY perSOll under this act shall
no L be a uar to a p rDSecnlioll and convic tion of the sallie
1)91"S0 I1 fo r nn assault nnd battery, aggl'avntccl ussallit
a ssau lt willt a d eadly weapon, assuult \v1th intent to t~ill'
0[' l1Iurder, mElllslaugh ter, 01' uther Grime, and where th~
'\"orcls " weapons " 01' H deaelly weupons" are lIsed in thi3
a ct, s uch wo rd Ot' words s !wll be cons trued to 1l1l!<11l tho
wen pons described ill section two of this act.
§ 8. It shall not be Ilt~ce:ssul'y , ill the ~l'iill of any caUSe
~lJ' i s ing uncleI' t he lJl'ov isi ons of tllis act, to 111'ove that the
person charged was not in di e lawful defen81J of himsolf,
Iiifi family or hit. property; b ut Lhe accnsed mn8/. 'prove
to !,11e sa tisfllc tion of lhe jUl'y tbat the act ohal'ged was
done in th e lawftll d e reu.'Se of himsel f, h iMfamily, or his
p ropel'ty, befo re the jUl'Y cun aoquit.
§ 9. Any 1awful voter of che Territory llIa.y witho ut
;\ warnlllt arl"eS~ pal·ties who may violate the prece'din-g
sec ti ons of t!1i.s al:t, und tak e such p ersons before a jus·
I.ice of t.h e peace o C the county in wh ich Lh e oITen:se wag
commi tted, fo r comp ia jnt .lnd trial, and s uch trial shall
be uad as soon as possible, giving due tim€; for summon·
ing '.yitnessf!s.
~ 10. All fines collected by virtue of the preceding sec-
tions uf' this a ct shall go, one· thhd to the 'felTitu.r y, nne-
t.li ircl to tile (;onnty in which the offen se was committed,
and one-thit'a to elle persall or attol'ney ""ho, on the par~
o f the 'rflclTit.ory , procnrpd the co nvict-lO ll.
§ n. P el'solls trav eling may be permitted to cany
arm s wlt bill settle me nts or towns of this Territ.ory, for
one hour after nrrivinO' in such settlements or tawIl, and
while {To inrr on t of suell towns Ot' settlemen ts; ancl sheriff.:!
:lnd c(~st [1bl es of the various counties 01 this 'renitol'Y
and th.e ir law [ull y appoin ced depnties may Cil!l'Y weap~ns
in t.LI:! legal disu ltuL'ge u£ the duties o-{ thelr.res.pcctlve
office, wh en the ~a m e may be necessary, but It sLmll be
·rOI' th e jury to <.1ecide from th~ ev i.ul:!uce whe~her i.H~ch
, C"'IT)r
,, {>" of Wfla[10nS \V',
in ;:) <
IS nece:ss'lry 01' not, and for anfIiun -
p r oper carry ing 0 1' n~ illg J.e..'1.dly weapons .by :.l.ny 0 C(}~
wentioned in Ll.lis se ut ion, he :-;hall be pllrllslled il;S othel
persons are lJLlHis hed for a dolation of the preced Ing sec-
tion.s of t his act.
§ 12. It sh a ll be the dnty of t he keel>~r or eacb and
ADD34
702 PREYENTIl:\G TUD COl'lDU.s.sION OF CanIES. [Os. 153.
for the like offense, he shall bo sentenced to be confined in the peni-

tentiary for one year.
ld. l!!8. 26. When 3.oy person is convicted of two ot' more oifEmses, before
1 Va.. cu.:m-2.
sentence is pronounced for either, the confi nement to which he may
be sentenced upon the second, or :toy subsequent conviction, sb:\ll
commence at the termination of the pre vi OilS te rros of confinement.
Ccd6Va., p. m, 27. 'Vben a perso n is convicted of selli ng, or offering or exposing
tJ~t!\tt.75S. for I!l.I.le, aL reLail, t.iJli ril.Lllllls 1illUUI'S, \Yiu~, put'ler, :t.J~, o r b~r, or
drink of 1ike 1l1l1.1Ire, awl it. is all egecl in l.hlj imli cl.rn ellt or present-
ment. 011 which he is clJ llvict.ed, fond admitted, 01' by 1.1Jt:l jury fuuo d,
tha.t he ha;;; hrlp.1l herorp. r:on victed or thEl li ke ()m~IJS~, lIe shall be
fine d as provided in the third section of chapter thi rty-two, and mllY,
at the discreti on of tIle court, be confined in jail not. exc.eeding six-
months.
Atts .. r ms, p, 28. No criminal prosecution fo r any felony or misdemeanor shall
l~ ch H!I,} 1. b . . ed m ' t he courts 0 f t b'IS sta.te agamst . , any
e mamtam any person lor
act done in the suppressio n of the late rebellion j and it l!hall be a.
sliffic ien t defcose t o such prosccution, to show thatsucb nct wru: done
in obedience to the orders, or by the authority, of any civil 01' mili-
tary officer of this state, or of the re-organized governm ent of Vir-
ginia, 01' of the governme!lt of the United Sla.tes j or tha.t said act
was done in aid of tbe pu rposes and policy of said authoritieJ:', in
retard ing, checking, and suppressing the said rebellion_
CHAPTER CLIll.
s~c.
FOR PREV E~ Tr~O
...
'r 'llll: COIDll!;!sION OF' CRDfE3,
1_ Con ••.,·.. tor8 of tll~ r,n",,; l'0 .... cr 10 bmd !O 8. J'cr!lOn ,olna' n~Il"l ~ d willI de~(II.r wcarCll,
f!OO~ lch",·;or. ... bon rO'l "lrad IQ ghe rOCOSU''''LIICO, etc.
2_ 1 Uuly or, On eomJllil.int that " crime is Ill' IL ).tfrr.)" etc .. In Lho pt"tllllll CO ~r oonBu.~lo.
S. j wut.l ..-u. 10_ 111 l'"",,,,"ooo( J II~tl<»; duty ofjn.t iao whoro
4. Pr~e~di n", when nl'Cllsetl 31'l'UNI. l,er~on brou"bL I.o:lfon blm.lltc.
5. Jl lght of ,,-ocu,ea 10 8pJlcnl. 11. P fO""O.\lOQll ~h~1"iI Fo.ton au' poetw or un-
6. 1 .'0"'.' oE ("'-u·! upon ~"eh npflul, ~n(l \.hCn 1'''lul rc\lLllhlll: or ~lllrlLUOu.il il!tU(lrs.
7. J (hIJU:CU.eUl'CO)'llUilt0<i.
_r_.
eM or v~~ p. L Every justice and constable shall be a. conservato r of Ole
t~~J.~rt 7. f o. l)c:..ce, within his COU!lty. As slich conservator, every justice shaH
~I,ch:U2,il. bave power to require fmlll persons uot of good lame, secunty lor
their good beha'lior for a. tp.rlll not ~x,:eeJiug oue year.
, .-
CodoVa_, ". 817, 2. If co:nplnint be malle to Mny justice, as such conscn"ator, that
i ,. there is good cause to fea.r t.hat a. per::iuu iUleods to commit an offcnse
agaiost the person or proper ty of another, he shall examine on oath
the complainant, tlllO any lVitoesses who may be produced, reduce
the complaint to writ-iug, and ca.use it to be signed by t.he com-
11\aiuauL "
Id · fl ,S I~ ,i3.
3. If it appear proper, sllc h justico shall issue a warrant, ril?lclDg
M\llIr,HS.
tLil t::OllljJlaint. and requiring the pcrEou oomplained o~ fO~I,bwlth to
be apprehended and brought before h illl or some other JustiCe.
ADD35
CB. 153.J P REV1!::ST JNG TBE CoMMISSION OF CRIMES. . 703

4. When such person appea rs, it' the j ustice, on h earil) g the par. CodG "11., p. 818,
ties, COD sider tliftL Liu-!re is not good cause for the complaint, be shnIl t 4.
discharge the s(l i ll P(·~r.-;{HI , :wrl may give j udgment in his favor
against the complaina nt fo r hi s eost.'!. If he consider that there is
good ca.use therefor, he ma.y require !~ recogniZ!LDCe of the person
against whom i t is, and give judgment ngaiust. him for the costs of
th e prosecution, or any pa.rt thereof; and, unte.cos such l'ecogu izu ll t!1:!
be given, he shall commit bim to jail, by flo wanant., statilJg th e sum
and tim e in and for which thc recognizance is d irected. The j ustice
gi ving judgmen t und er this aection tor costa mn.y issue a writ of fieri
fa.cias thereon, if an appeal be not allo wed; aDd p roceedings there·
upon mlLy be o.cco l'di ng to the two hundrccl nod twenty-seyenth sec·
t ion of chapter fifty.
5. A pcrso n from whom such recognizance is required ma.y, on Id.f~.
giv: ng it, nppeal to the circuit court ot'the countv; and ill such
9
case t he officer from whose judgment the npp€l\.l is ta ken shall J'ecog-
[I ize s udl o f the \\' i lfless~ It!'! he thi ll kl. p rop!:!!".
G. TlIe court. lUa.y J.iSllliss lhe clJllll'Iain L, or affirlll the j udgwelJL, Id.I/).
and make what order it sees fi t as to the costs. If it awn.rd CQ~ts
against the appellant, the recognizance which hc may have given shall
:stand as 11. security th erefor. When there is a. fail ure to pl"o~ecute the
appeal, such recogn izance ~hall r emai n in force, although t here be
no order of affirmance. 011 nny appeal the court n.tlly requi re of tho
appellant n n cw rccognizo.noc, if it :lea fit.
7. Any peraon comm itted to jail under this chapter may be dis· ltLp.
charged by the circuit court, or the judge thereof in vacation, upon
such terms as may be deemed reasonable.
8. I f an y person go a rmed with n. delully Clr Il:mgerol1!'1 wen.po n, T,LtS.
without reasonn.ble C.'Ulse til fFmr '1 inlencfI to his perSOIl, family, (IT
proper ty, he may be req uired to give a l'ccognizance, wit.h t.he right
of Rppeal, a.~ before provided, aud like proceedings sha.ll be had on
snch a ppeal .
9. I f anv person shall , in the pre3encc of n constablc and within ItL it.
h IS COWl ty,. rnn'c
· k an 8. ffiray, or t h re:l.ten &0 b CIl t I woun d ,or k·ll I J.d. IOf 1S63. P.
:l:H-~,f1.
another, or &0 commit violence agaillst his person or property; Of
contend with angry wo rd s to the disturbaoce of the peace; or i m-
properly or iudcccntly expose hig personi or appear iu a stnte of
gross intoxication in a public place; such const!1.b le, as such conser-
vator, rna,y, without warrant or other process, or fmther proof,
:~.l'rest such offenuiog pel·.;on and carry him before somB j ustice of the
township in which iuch offense is cO lllmiLLed, who, u pon bearillg the
te.itimollY of such constahle a nd other witnesse:s, if any are then and
there p rod uced, if, ill hili opinion the offense charged be proved, shall
requ ire the offt-;tHJer Lu give n. bond or rccogniZ:lln ce, with security, to
keep the peace and be of good behavior tor a term not exceed ing
one yror.
10. If a lly offense cnumemted in the prcccaing section bc com· ]~.ll. 2S~, f i.
ADD36
704 INQUESTS UPON DEA.D Eom1!& (CH. 154.

mitted in tho pl'eflellCe of a. justice within his county, or the offender
being brought bcforc him, the commission thereof be proved to his
satisfaction, he may, besides requiring n. bond or l'ccogu iza.ncc with
security, as provided in the preceding section, impose a. fine upon the
offen der not exceeding- five dollars. If fi llCh bond or recognizance
be not then a.nd there given, or such fine be Dot then und there paid,
the said justice shall commit the offender to the jail of llis county.
there to )'em ain until such bond or recogniza.nce be given, a.nd such
fine be paid; but no imprisonment under this section shall continue
more than tell d3)'S, at the end of which the sheriff or jailor shall
discharge the prisoner, unless he has been commat;lded by sufficient
authority to detain hi m for some other cause.
Oode of
IIl8. ~ 10.
V•., p. 11. Tf !Lny j ll sl. i~p. .'1I1SPp.ct "lny Iler.~ol1 of selling, by retai l, wine,
Acll <If lse~, p. 0 1' al·dent spiri ts, or :l. mixture thereof, contra ry to la.\\,; or of sell-
M,~.~I. .
ing, or offeriug or exposing fur sale, any intoxicatillg liquor, OJ"
keeping open any disti llery, bar, office, stall, or rao Ul iu his l)OSS~
sian, or under hi:: control, at which such liquor had theretofore
usua.lly been /loId, or permitting auy person to drink any iotoxica.·
t.illg liquor at the same, on the dn.y of an election, and ·w ithin two
miles of the place of such election, or during the night ~uccee di ng
such da.y, contrary to the eleveuth sectio n of chapter fiv e, such jus-
tice shall summon the pcr30n suspected of slIch offense, and slIch
witnesses as he may think proper, to appear before hiro; and upon
the person 60 6uspected appeariog, or failing to appCIl!, if the justice,
on examining the witnesses under oa.th, find sufficient cause, he shall
direct the prosecuting a ttorney for the county to inetitute a prosecu-
tion against the person so suspected, and shall recognize the material
witoesses, or cnuse t.hem to be summoned, to appear at the ne::l>:t term
of the circuit court of the county. Such jm;tice may also require
the person suspected to enter into recogniz:tllce to keep the :re!lf~
a.nd be of good behavior for a time not exceeding one yea.r. If
recognizance be given by the person so sUlipp.dell, the oondiLiou
thereof sh all he deemed to be broken, it durin g the time for which
it rs g iven, snch person shall sell, hy reta.il, wine,oI' ardent spirits, or
It. mixture thereof, contrary to lalV, ot' violate in any particular the
eleventh section of chapter 6ve.
ORA PTETI OLIVo

OF lNQ.UESTS UPON DEAD DODIES.
~...:.
1. Duty"r ju.lice upon lJeiug l)otifi~<1 or w,nlh 8~~·Jll"I;O. tu iu ne "II'&rr~nt f.w fhe !trres' or !&C.
Ly .i ole ne .. , etc. cused Ir Jlul I" clt3Iod,r.
:2. W,.,·",nt nod ~um mon", how C:O<CClltll<l 8. Wil e». daoelUiC(\ It ~ t,.",nter, body to be lJ ~ritJ,J .
:J .Tnr}· ,,,rme.!; II' pir n.lh. c(c.; C<lIIt~. how l,aloJ.
~. l.Iu,,· "i\IJ""'c~ CO~'I..elleol 10 u(ttu<1; lJ(lw 0. .Jus tice ma" r~'l~iN l'hysieianR to 3lt~nd lu·
~Yld.uClI t:tlwu. 'lues,.
II. IUllui.iliuu. 10. l'eunlly on Jndic. for Doglect of 'Itlty.
6. JU 'Jul .itl():>, " .. idoll"'!, ek., re!"rn9>.!; WII.- 11. IU'lu~ t mil)' ~e IlIke .. uJl ::UDday.
lIe~.jed '\o':ugnil<.~d.
ADD37
+(,121/,1(
Citation: 1871 vol. I 89 1871

Thu Aug 21 15:36:59 2014



LP v. Cuomo Bloomberg Brief Part 1

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18-0386-cv

Case 18-386, Document 75-1, 09/20/2018, 2393526, Page1 of 80

United States Court of Appeals

LIBERTARIAN PARTY OF ERIE COUNTY, MICHAEL KUZMA, RICHARD

BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE

CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

/s/ Nicole Gueron

Corporate Disclosure Statement ................................................................................ i

Table of Authorities ................................................................................................. iv

Statement of Interest of Amicus Curiae .....................................................................1

Summary of the Argument.........................................................................................2

B. Laws Requiring a Showing of Need to Carry a Firearm in

i. Both Founding-Era England and the American

ii. In the Early Nineteenth Century, Numerous States

iii. Laws Enacted Post-Civil War Continue to Affirm That

iv. In the Early Twentieth Century, Many States Enact Laws

“Good Cause” Requirement ...........................................19

C. The Sullivan Act’s Licensing Requirement to Possess Firearms

i. After Passage of the Sullivan Act, Other States Began

ii. Analogous Laws Requiring a Waiting Period and

Colo. Outfitters Ass’n. v. Hickenlooper,

District of Columbia v. Heller,

Heller v. District of Columbia,

Kachalsky v. Cty. of Westchester,

Libertarian Party of Erie Cty. v. Cuomo,

McDonald v. City of Chicago,

New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Beach,

New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Cuomo,

Peruta v. Cnty. of San Diego,

United States v. Booker,

United States v. Marzzarella,

United States v. Skoien,

N.Y Penal Law § 400.00 .................................................................................. passim

1836 Mass. Laws 748, 750, ch. 134, § 16................................................................14

1921 Mo. Laws 691, 692 § 2 ............................................................................. 22,23

American municipal ordinances

Salina, Kan., Ordinance no. 268 (1879). .................................................................18

Books and articles

Sportsmen Fight Sullivan Law, 23 J. Criminology 665 (1932) ...............................25

STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE 1

including hundreds of thousands of New York residents. It was founded in 2014 as

children and six adults in an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. Currently,

0134 (N.D.N.Y. 2018).

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

This case presents a fundamental question: is New York State’s firearms

to the United States Constitution? Under Supreme Court precedent, confirmed by

multiple circuit court decisions, the answer is yes.

York’s firearms licensing law burdens conduct protected by the Second

analysis established by Heller, NYSRPA, and Kachalsky—it failed to inquire whether

of hardware such as assault weapons and large-capacity magazines). As amicus

New York Penal Law § 400.00 is a longstanding and presumptively

discussion of early-twentieth century regulations on the possession or purchase of

passage of many of the regulations adjudged “longstanding” and thus

“presumptively lawful” by the Supreme Court in Heller.

I. THE DISTRICT COURT FAILED TO CONDUCT THE PROPER

As set forth in NYSRPA, determination of the constitutionality of a statute

one requires an analysis of whether a challenged licensing regulation burdens

the “presumptively lawful regulatory measures” such as “prohibitions on the

imposing conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of arms.” NYSRPA,

tradition-based “exceptions” to the scope of the Second Amendment due to their

“common use” and “typical possession” test normally applied in challenges to

in no analysis of the historical underpinnings of N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00. Compare

New York’s licensing laws were “longstanding” or “presumptively lawful” was