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Notes on the essays

Advantages and Disadvantages


[1] topic:……[2]many:……[3] Therefore, the following composition is to present the most important
advantages and disadvantages of the issue presented. (using mobile phones)
-the mobile phone = mobile phones
-We will get harmful/negative effects on our health because of using mobile phones for a long time.
(*affect to = A will cause/create negative effects/impacts/influences on B)

PIE CHARTS
Introduction
[1] The presented pie chart…………
[2]main trend: (the biggest portion)
(the majority of/the most popular/the most common/
the dominating portion)
(most of …)
e.g. Overall, the dominating portion of the results was
Pass.
e.g. Overall, most of the students passed the
examination.
e.g. The most popular results were passed.

Comparisons
Sentence 1: conjunction + the highest figure (illustration)
(conjunctions: In particular, = Especially, = In details, =
Specifically,)
(the highest figure surveyed was [for/of/in/on] for Pass
(passed students), illustrated by 38 per cent.
(illustrated by = proved by = demonstrated by = visualized at =
estimated at) (accounting for = holding a share of = taking up
…)
Sentence 2: conjunction + the lowest figure (illustration)
(conjunctions: On the contrary, = In contrast, = However, =
Whereas,)
On the contrary, the lowest of the total was for Fail (students
who failed), accounting for only 8 per cent.
Sentences 3,4,5, etc. comparisons (higher, lower)
A (64 %) >B (53%)
+the figure for A was exactly 11 per cent higher than that
for B, proved by 64 per cent over 53 per cent, respectively.
+the gap between the figure for A over/and that for B was
(minimal, modest, moderate, considerable, marked,
huge, wide, enormous), estimated at 11 per cent.
+there was an exceed of 11 per cent in the figure for A
over that for B.
+e.g. There were more students who passed than those
who failed, illustrated by…
MULTI PIE CHARTS (slide 42)
Introduction
[1] The presented pie charts indicate ….during/over two
years, 1971 and 2001.
[2] main trend: (conjunctions) + overview
(conjunctions: Generally, = As an overall trend, = Overall)
Overview: (the highest of both/ the highest of each)
e.g. Overall, people in UK spent mostly on Food and Cars
over the dates presented.
Overall, the most popular expenses for people in UK
were Food and Cars over the dates presented.
---
Overall, in 1971, people in UK spent mostly on Food;
however, in 2001, they spent chiefly on Cars.
Comparisons
Paragraph 1
(full details of the first pie)
In particular, in 1971, the highest figure was on Food,
proved by 44 per cent. On the contrary, the lowest of the
total was on…. (*)
Paragraph 2
(changes: higher/lower) [rising/falling]
On the contrary, in 2001, the figure on Food dramatically
plunged to 14 per cent while that on Cars rose significantly
to 43 per cent.
*[=] the figures on A remained unchanged over both of the
dates at… per cent.
…the figures on A in 1971 and in 2001 were
(equal/balanced) at … per cent.

In conclusion, people in Britain spent more on Cars in 2001


than they did in 1971.

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