ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

ABAQUS Implicit Workshop

1. Static Load on Beam

Create 3D Part
Typ e:‘ abaquscae’atthecommand prompt or select abaqus V6.9-1 from the start menu.
Select: ‘cr
ea t
emo deldat
aba se
’ors
elec t‘
fi
le ne w’.
Select: ‘Part(f
romtopme n u) Cr eat
e,namePa rt,i.
e.‘beam_3D’
Select: 3D Deformable Solid Extrusion, approx size = 300, click
Continue.

Within Sketcher:
Cr eat
er ectangle(e .
g.50mmx2 0mm) ,us inge ithert he‘ con n
ect
edl ine’ort he‘ rectangle
’
icon option*.
Add dimension (click icon*) select line, press return.
Edit dimension (icon), if necessary, select Done.
Give a depth of 300mm, click ok.
* Tip: move your mouse over an icon to reveal its function!
You should now have a ‘ grey’Pa rt
!
Save your model: File Save.
Part manipulation: Select: View Toolbars Views. Also, you can rotate and
translat
ea nd‘ auto-fi
t’aPa r
tus ingi consf r omt hei cont opme nu.

Modify 3D Part
Select: Feature Edit (from top menu), click on your Part (should turn red), select
‘EditSk et
ch’.
Insk etcher,se le
ct‘
Edi tDi me nsion’icon, s electy ourdi me nsi
ona ndmodi fy,se lectDone.
Use: Feature Edit to return your Part to the original dimensions.
Rena meMo de lto‘
Be am_ 3D’ .Us e:Mod e l Rename.
Save your Model.

Create ne w‘ Mode ls’wi thdi ff

er entcross sections:
Select‘ Mo d el’ Create, give name = Cylinder
Create Part = Circle
Create a solid cylinder in Sketcher, diameter = 25mm, Length = 500mm
Select‘ Mo d el’ Create, give name = Hexagon
Create Part = Hexagon
Create a solid Hexagon 250mm long with 10mm equal sides using the connected line
option in Sketcher. Tip: use dimensions to modify side length.

Creating and Applying Properties

Sel
ect:Mo del‘Bea
m_ 3D’
Sel
ect:‘Prop er
ty’f
rom the Module drop down menu.
Sel
ect:‘Ma t
eri
al’(
fromt opme nu) Create
,givename
,i.
e.‘
Ste
el’
Sel
ect:‘Me c
hanica
l’ ’
Elasticity
’ ‘Elas
ti
c ’

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Yo ung ’sMo dul

us=2 10 000, Poiss
onsrati
o=0. 3, clickok.
Sele ct
:‘Se cti
on’(fromt opme nu) Create, give name,i.
e.‘
Be a
m’.
Sele ct
:‘Solid’ ‘Homog ene o
us’,c
lickcont inu e
, cli
ckok.
Sele ct
:‘As sign’ ‘Sect i
on’,cli
ckonPa rt,c li
ckd one,(Sect
ion=‘be
am’
),c
lic
kok.
Part should now turn green!
Save your model.

Creating an Assembly
Select:‘
As sembly ’f
romtheModuledropdownme nu.
Select:‘
Instanc
e ’ Creat
e,s
electPar
t,t
oggl
e‘Inde
pend
ent
’,c
lic
kok
.
Yous houldn owha v
ea‘blue
’asse
mbl e
dInsta
nce.
Save your model.

Create and position another Instance

Se lect:‘
As sembl y ’fromt heMod uledr o pdownmenu.
Se lect:‘
I ns
tanc e’ Crea t
e ,selectPa rt
,tog gl
e‘ I
nd epe
nd e nt’a ndtic k‘
aut
o-of
fse
t’,
click ok.
Se lect:‘
I ns
tanc e’ Translate, select Instance in viewport, click ok.
‘Se l
ec tas t
artpo int’ pick any point on the instance.
‘Se l
ec tane ndp oint ’ pick any point on the instance, click ok.
Try different positions/methods!

Delete second Instance.

N.B. Ifyouwa nttodelet ea
nIns
tan
ce,
sel
ect‘
Fea
tur
e’ Delete.

Defining Steps and Applying Loads & Boundary Conditions

Create Step
Se l
ec t:‘Step’fromt heMod uledropdownme nu.
Se l
ec t:‘Step’ Cr eate,givena me ,i.
e. ‘
Fi r
st’,select
:‘ St
at i
c,Ge ne r
al’,cl i
ckCont i
nue
.
Write brief description in box, Time period = 1, Nlgeom = off, click ok.
Save your model.
Create Load
Se l
ec t:‘Loa d’fr
omt heModule drop down menu.
Se l
ec t:‘Loa d’ Cre ate,givena me,i.e.
,‘ vert
_loa d’,Step=f irst Category =
Mechanical Type = Concentrated force, click Continue.
Se l
ec tth et
wot opf acec or n
e rpoi
nt s(use‘sh if
t’k eya ndh ol
d) ,cl
ickDone .
Insert numeric values in boxes as: CF1: = 0, CF2: = -200, CF3: = 0, click ok.
Cr eat eBC’ s
Se l
ec t:‘BC’ Cr eate,givena me :‘encas t
re’,Step=f irst Category =
Mechanical Type = Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre, click Continue.
Rot ateI nst
an cean ds electthe‘ ba
c kface ’
,c li
ck Done.
Tog gl e:‘ENCASTRE’ , clickok.
Save your model.

Meshing
Se
lect
: ‘
Mes
h’f
romt
heMo
dul
edr
opd
ownme
nu.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Model should now be green!

Select:‘
Se ed’ Instance, approximate size = 20, click ok, click done.
Seeding ok?
Select:‘
Se ed’ Instance, approximate size = 5, click ok, click done.
Select:‘
Me s h’ Instance, click Yes.
You should now have a nice uniform mesh.
Save your model.
Select:‘
Me s h’ Verify, c
licko nIns ta
nce,clickDo ne,Se lec t‘Highl i
ght
’.How
many elements are there?

Job
Select:‘Job’fromt heMo duledr opd ownme nu
Select:‘Cre a
teJ ob’t oc reateaj obf ormod el‘Be am_3D’,giveana me‘ Job-Be
am’
,
Source: Model, Beam_3D. Click Continue.
Click OK.
The nclick‘ JobMa nage r’
,Sub mitjo b.
Yo uc anus e‘Moni tor’to view the analysis process.
Visualization
To see the results in different way you want in Visualization Module.

2. Contact Analysis
Typ e:‘a baquscae’atthec omma ndpr omptors electa baqusV6.
9-1 from the start menu.
Select:‘c r
eatemo deldata base’orselect‘
fil
e ne w’.
Right click ‘
Model-1’on your model tree on the left.
Select ‘
Rename’ , change the name to ‘
Beamcontact’ , click ‘
OK’
.

Part module
Select: ‘Par
tModule (from context bar) Create, namePa r
t, i
.e. ‘
be am’
Select: 3D Deformable Solid Extrusion, approx size = 200, click
Continue.

Within Sketch:
Cr eaterectangle(e .g.50mmx2 0mm) ,usingt he‘re ctang le
’icono ption*.
In the prompt area, enter the starting corner coordinates ‘-25,-10’, press ‘
enter’button on
your keyboard.
Then enter the opposite corner coordinates ’ 25,10 ’, press ‘
enter’button on your
keyboard.
Add dimension (click icon*).
Edit dimension (icon), if necessary
Click done.
When the ‘ Edit Base Extrusion’dialog windows appears, give a depth of 300. Click OK
Right now you should see a 3 dimensional beam appearing.
Create a 7.5mm diameter hole in the beam

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

The hole centre is 25 mm far from one of the 50 mm edge. And 25 mm to the 300 mm
edge.
In the part module, select ‘ create cut: extrude’
.
According to the prompt information in prompt area, select top surface and top edge on
right side. Then you will enter the Sketch automatically.
Create and dimension the hole in Sketch, then click done when finished.
Select ‘through all’, click ok.
Save your model: File Save.
Create a pin with a circular cross section.
(7.5 mm diameter and 75mm long)
In part module, Se lec t
:‘Pa rtModule (from context bar) Create, name Part, i.e.
‘Pin’.
Select: 3D Deformable Solid Extrusion, approx size = 20, click Continue.
Within Sketch:
Create circle and dimension it (e.g. 7.5mm diameter ).
Click OK when finished. The extrude depth is 75 mm

Property Module
Creating and applying properties
Se l
ect: ‘Prop er
t y’fromt heMod uledr opsd ownme nu.
Se l
ect: ‘Ma teri
a l’(fromleft toolbox) Create, givena me,i.
e.‘
Ste
e l’
Se l
ect: ‘Me cha nica l
’ ’Elasti
city’ ‘El a
sti
c ’
Yo ung ’sMo dul us=2 10 000MPa, Poissons ratio = 0.3, click ok.
Select: ‘Section’(from left toolbox) creates section, name ‘
beam’, choose ‘
Solid’
and ‘Homogeneous’ . Click continue
In Edit section, select ‘steel’for material box. Click OK.
In context toolbar, change the part to ‘ beam’ .

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Select: ‘Assign Section’(from left toolbox) select the beam as the target to assign
section according to the prompt information at the bottom prompt area. Click Done.
Then select ‘beam’section in the coming dialog box. Click OK. The beam colour
becomes green.
In the similar way, assign the section to pin.
In context toolbar, change the part to ‘ pin’.
Select: ‘Assign Section’(from left toolbox) select the pin as the target to assign
section according to the prompt information at the bottom prompt area. Click Done.
Select ‘beam’section in the coming dialog box, because we use the steel material for
both beam and pin. Click OK. The pin colour becomes green.

Assembly Module
Select : ‘
Instance part’icon, choose both beam and pin as dependant instance, click ok.
Select :’Rotate instance’icon. Pick the pin. Click done
The start point is ‘
0.0,0.0,0.0’ , enter
The end point is ‘ 1.0,0.0,0.0’, enter’
Angle of rotation is 90 degree, enter
Click ok; you will see the pin has been rotated.
Select: create constraint: coaxial (from left toolbox).
Select the cylindrical pin surface as the movable surface
Select the cylindrical hole surface as the fixed surface.
Click ok
Select: create constraint: face to face (from left toolbox).
Select the planar pin surface as the movable surface
Select the planar beam surface as the fixed surface.
Click ok

Step Module
Select: ‘
create step’, name it as ‘hor
izo
nta
lforce’
. Choose ‘
Static, General’procedure.
click continue.
Toggle Nlgeom ‘ On’ , click OK.

Interaction Module
Select: Interaction Create, give name ‘ Int-contact’, step = horizontal force, type =
‘surfacet os urfac e’
, cl
ickc o nti
nue .
Select: external surfaces of pin for ma st
ers urface,s el
e ct‘ surface’fors lavea nds el
ect
hole surfaces.
In ‘Editi nteraction’b ox,click the ‘create’button on the left of ‘contact interaction
property’ .
Name the interaction property as ‘ IntProp-contact’. Choose Type ‘ contact’ , click continue.
Select: Mechanical Ta nge ntialbehav iour,selectf riction‘Pe nalt
y ’,g iveva lue0.4,
click ok and Ok. Thus finish the interaction definition.

Load Module
Select: Create Load from the left toolbox. Give a name ‘ load-contact’
. Choose
‘mechanical’and ‘ concentrated force’ , click continue.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Pick up the point on the top surface of pin. Click done.

Give a CF3 value 50 N.
Select: create boundary condition. Name it as ‘ BC-contact’
Choose ‘ Mechanical’and ‘ Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre’ , click done,
Select: pin to fix the dof of that surface. Click ok.
Selectt hebot tomofpi n, appl y‘ pin’bo u nda r
yc on di
ti
on.

Mesh Module
Select: “
Seed part instance”to give different mesh density to the pin part and beam part.
Click ‘mesh part instance’, click yes to mesh part instance.

Job Module
Click ’
Create Job’ , in the dialog, give the name ‘contact’. Click continue and OK.
Click ‘
Job manager’ , submit and monitor your job.
When your job is finished successfully, click ‘results’in ‘job manager’to enter
‘Visualization’module to view and require results.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

3. Metal Forming
Problem:

Dimensions, in m,

Part Module: in this module, we will create four parts. One deformable part represents
the blank and three rigid parts represent the tools.

Deformable part: two-dimensional, deformable solid part with a planar shell base
feature. Approximate part size is 0.25, and name is Blank.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Create a two-dimensional planar, analytical rigid part with a wire base feature to
represent the rigid punch. Use an approximate part size of 0.25, and name the part Punch.
Repeat the above process to create the other two rigid bodies named Holder and Die.
Return to Part module, select Tools Reference Point. In the viewport, select the point
at the center of the arc as the rigid body reference point for each rigid body.

Be sure to create a reference point at the center of the arc on each part.

Material and section properties

Create a material named Steel

The blank is made from a high-strength steel (elastic modulus of 210.0 × 109 Pa, = 0.3).

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Yield stress–
plastic strain data.

Yield stress (Pa) Plastic strain

400.0E6 0.0
420.0E6 2.0E–
2
500.0E6 20.0E–2
600.0E6 50.0E–2

Create a homogeneous solid section named BlankSection that refers to the material
Steel. Assign the section to the blank.

create a rectangular datum coordinate system using the Create Datum CSYS: 3 Points
tool. From the main menu bar of the Property module, select Assign Material
Orientation. Select the blank as the region to which the local material orientation will be
assigned, and pick the datum coordinate system in the viewport as the CSYS (select Axis
1 and accept None for the additional rotation options).

Assembling the parts

According to the relationship in the above figure, using Constraint Edge to Edge to
position different parts into an Assemble.

Six sets should be created: one at each rigid body reference point, one at the symmetry
plane of the blank, and one at each end of the blank midplane. The last two sets require
that a vertex first exist at these locations; an edge partition can be performed to satisfy
this requirement.

RefPunch at the punch rigid body reference point.

RefHolder at the holder rigid body reference point.
RefDie at the die rigid body reference point.
Center at the left vertical edge (symmetry plane) of the blank.
MidLeft at the left midplane vertex of the blank.
MidRight at the right midplane vertex of the blank.

Defining steps and output requests

The simulation consists of five steps

Step 1 create a static, general step named Establish contact I

Set the initial time increment and the total time to be equal (for example, 1.0). To limit
the amount of output, write the preselected field output only at the end of the step. In

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

addition, you can delete the history output request for this step. Write contact diagnostics
to the message file (Output Diagnostic Print).

Step 2. create a static, general step. Name the second step Remove right constraint

Set the initial time increment and the total time to be equal e.g.1.0. The field output
request specified in the previous step will be propagated to this step. Request contact
diagnostic output for Step 2 as well.

Step 3

Create a third static, general step named Holder force. Set the initial time increment to
be equal to the total time period. Request contact diagnostic output for this step.

Step 4

Create a fourth static, general step named Establish contact II. Set the initial time
increment to 10% of the total time since the contact condition may be harder to establish
in this step. Request contact diagnostic output for Step 4. In addition, request that the
vertical reaction force and displacement (RF2 and U2) at the punch reference point
(geometry set RefPunch) be written every increment as history data.

Step 5

Create a fifth static, general step named Move punch. Set the maximum number of
increments to a large value e.g. 1000. Set the initial time increment to 0.0001, the total
time period to 1.0, and the minimum time increment to 1e–06. Specify that the
preselected field output be written every 20 increments for this step. Your history output
request for the punch reaction forces from the previous step will be propagated to this
step. Remember to specify the contact diagnostics output request as well. In addition,
request that the restart file be written every 200 increments for Step 5.

Interactions

Define the following surfaces:

BlankTop on the top edge of the blank;

BlankBot on the bottom edge of the blank;

DieSurf on the side of the die that faces the blank;

HolderSurf on the side of the holder that faces the blank;

and PunchSurf on the side of the punch that faces the blank.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Define two contact interaction properties.

Name the first one NoFric: accept the default property settings (frictionless) for the
tangential behavior (select Mechanical Tangential Behavior in the Edit Contact
Property dialog box).

The second property should be named Fric. For this property use the Penalty friction
formulation with a friction coefficient of 0.1.

Using the default finite-sliding formulation (Surface-to-surface contact (Standard)) in

interactions module define three pairs contact in the initial step.

Boundary Conditions

In Step 1,

BC Name Geometry Set BCs

CenterBC Center XSYMM
RefDieBC RefDie U1 = UR3 = 0.0, U2 = 1.E–
08
RefHolderBC RefHolder U1 = UR3 = 0.0, U2 = –
1.E–08
RefPunchBC RefPunch U1 = U2 = UR3 = 0.0
MidLeftBC MidLeft U2 = 0.0
MidRightBC MidRight U2 = 0.0

In Step 2, open the Boundary Condition Manager and click the cell under Remove
right constraint in the row for boundary condition MidRightBC. Click Deactivate on
the right side of the dialog box.

In Step 3, Using the Boundary Condition Manager, edit the RefHolderBC boundary
condition in Step 3 to remove the constraint on U2.
Create a mechanical concentrated force in this step named RefHolderForce. Apply the
load to set RefHolder in step Holder force. Specify a magnitude of –440.E3 for CF2.

In Step 4, Using the Boundary Condition Manager, deactivate the MidLeftBC

boundary condition in Step 4 and change the RefPunchBC boundary condition to specify
a value of –0.001 for U2.

Create a mechanical pressure load named Small pressure. Apply the load to the surface
BlankTop in step Establish contact II. Specify a magnitude of -1000.0.

In Step 5, Using the Load Manager, deactivate the Small pressure load in this step.
Using the Boundary Condition Manager, edit the RefPunchBC boundary condition to
specify a value of –0.031 for U2. This represents the total displacement of the punch,
accounting for the initial offset of 0.001 m.

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 ABAQUS/CAE Implicit Workshop_Xiaoguang Yang

Mesh Module
Mesh the blank using either the sweep or structured mesh techniques with CPE4R
elements using enhanced hourglass control.
Specify 100 elements along the horizontal edges of the blank and 4 elements along the
vertical edges of the blank

Job Module
Create a job named Channel. Submit it and Monitor the analysis processing.
Visualization Module
Check results according to your requirement.

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