ME 2200

Materials and Design

Ratna Kumar Annabattula
208, Machine Design Section
Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT Madras http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nicknsmatthews/Materials_Science_Tetrahedron

email: ratna@iitm.ac.in
 Dr. Ratna Kumar Annabattula
Ph. D., University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
044-2257-4719; ratna@iitm.ac.in
http://home.iitm.ac.in/ratna

Major Areas of Research

•  Thermo-mechanics of Granular Materials
•  Nuclear fusion, Li-Ion batteries, Thermal energy storage, Granular Dampers
•  Mechanics of Thin Films
• Nature Inspired Microsystem Design
•  Multi-Scale Modeling of Materials

Spontaneous formation of three Development of novel meso-scale

Micromomechanics of granular dimensional micro structures from computational techniques to bridge
materials for nuclear fusion pre-stressed thin films the micro and continuum length
scales
Computational Solid Mechanics for Sustainable Energy and Microsystem Design
 Courses Taught at IITM
❖ Undergraduate Level
❖ Materials and Design (Core)
❖ Applied Mechanics of Materials (Elective)
❖ Graduate Level
❖ Computational Methods in Engineering (Core)
❖ Optimisation Methods for Mechanical Design (Elective)
❖ Design of Transmission Elements (Elective)
❖ Mechanics of Thin Films for Microsystem Design (Elective)
❖ Introduction to Research (Core for Research Scholars)
 Course Organisation
Instructors
Dr. Ratna Kumar Annabattula (MSB-242)
Dr. Sundararajan Natarajan (MSB-243)

Lecture Schedule In this class

Tuesday 11:00 - 11:50
Wednesday 10:00 - 10:50 DD Students (MSB-242)
Thursday 8:00 - 8:50
Friday 16:50 - 17:40
 Grading Policy
• Quiz 1 - 15%
• Quiz 2 - 15%
• Assignments - 20%
• Surprise Quizzes - 10%
• End Semester - 40%
 Teaching Assistants

• Amrita Francis,
me15d014@smail.iitm.ac.in
• Chintan Jansari
me16s012@smail.iitm.ac.in
• Shaima
me16d002@smail.iitm.ac.in
 Assignment & Tutorials
• Friday afternoon class will be a tutorial class.
• All the assignment questions should be solved in groups
(group of 2).
• At the end of the tutorial class, all the answers should be
submitted.
• Each member of the group takes equal load share.
• Tutorial questions will be uploaded in moodle on the
evening of Thursday.
• The tutorials should be solved in the class only!
 Attendance guidelines

• Attendance will be strictly enforced. 85% attendance is a

must for you to write the end semester exam!
• The maximum buffer time to enter the class is 10 minutes.
• No requests for attendance makeup will be entertained.
 Books for the course
• Text book for the most part

• Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction by William D Callister, Jr.

• For Failure Theories

• Machine Design, Robert L. Norton

• For Phase Diagrams

• Introduction to Physical Metallurgy by Sidney H Avener

• Additional Reading for enthusiastic students (all of you?)

• Mechanical Metallurgy by George E. Dieter

• Engineering Materials (1 & 2), Michael F. Ashby and David R H Jones, B-H
(2013)
 What will you learn in this course?
• Structure-Property correlation and its evolution in engineering
materials.
• Crystal Structure
• Defects in Materials
• Mechanical Behaviour of Engineering Materials
• Tensile, Compression, Torsion, Bending, Hardness, Impact, Fracture,
Fatigue, and Creep.
• Measurement of Mechanical Properties.
• Design for Static and Dynamic Loading - Failure Theories, Fracture,
Fatigue, Impact and Creep.
• Phase Diagrams
• Heat Treatment of Steels
 “Why” and “How” Questions

❖ Why should I know about Materials?

❖ How does it help,
❖ if I continue to be a mechanical engineer ?
❖ if I choose to do something else ?
 If I choose something else?

❖ Key factors in selecting a material for a purpose

❖ Price and availability
❖ Read chapter 2 of Engineering Materials 1 by Michael F
Ashby.
❖ Huge potential for speculative studies on materials and
their procurement for engineering applications.
What were your seniors’ opinions on this course?
What do your seniors think?
Though this looks (sounds) like a metrology course
which requires a lot of mugging, this course is where you
will learn the basics about what is the most money-
spinning field related to mechanical engineering, namely
materials. This course will teach you how materials
behave and how we can make them behave the way we
want. It is also very important from the perspective that
many of your future courses (like Design of Machine
Elements) will require strong basics taught in MAD. So it
will be a fun experience with materials but the course can
become really painful if you don't follow it regularly.
- Aarkesh Venkataraman
What do your seniors think?

The course Materials and Design would definitely be one

of the most interesting courses I have done so far.
The material might give you the impression that a lot of
rote learning is required, but the course is structured
such that just the concepts are tested.
The material is voluminous and there is a lot to read. Do
listen in class to figure out which topics are most
important.
-Vedant Agrawal
What do your seniors think?
This course covers a wide range of topics with well-
justified emphasis on failure theories and phase
diagrams.
Towards the end of the course , one gets a deep
appreciation of the myriad micro structures in everyday
materials and the complexities involved in designing
simple components against failure.
There is a substantial overlap between MAD , ManTech
and KDoM. So, it pays to do well here. Solving the
tutorials completely is the easiest way to grasp all the
concepts.
-Anonymous Student
What do your seniors think?

Materials science is an area in which new ideas and

innovations are cropping up every day. This course
introduced me to fundamental concepts with which I
was able to follow and appreciate the latest
developments in materials research in a more informed
and refined way.
Hope you guys have fun learning the subject!

-Anonymous Student
What do your seniors think?

This course actually gave an idea of what a mechanical

engineer does in the aspects of design. The course laid
the basis for further courses like Design Of Machine
Elements. I felt that if this course is neglected a student
can forget about anything related to design. The course
was very interesting and if classes are followed then
scoring is very easy.
-Kota Sri Harsha
What do your seniors think?
Course forms the basis to understand behaviour of any
type of material though this course deals mainly with
engineering materials. Course is very interesting,
important especially for those inclined towards design
but at the same time it carries large content so it is wise to
be regular. It is also advisable to brush up "Strength of
materials"(Full course),"Engineering mechanics-(quickly
making drawing of BMD,SFD)" concepts. Attend every
class.

-Tejas Tamboli
What do your seniors think?

For me materials (and) design was a very intriguing

course (one of best I have attended). What I liked about
the course the most was that the course begins with very
elementary concepts /fundamentals and
materials are very crucial as of today because of the
degradation we have caused to our planet. If somehow
we can design materials which are compatible with the
nature it would be of enormous consequences.
-Sanjay Jatav
 What do your seniors think?

- LEARN MOHR'S CIRCLE!

- Score in quizzes, end sems will be crazy difficult!
- Don't miss classes especially during phase diagrams.
- Solve the tutorials individually ( though it'll probably be team work)
- Manage time wisely since there are four important PMT courses
this sem."

-Vivek Venkataraman
 What do your seniors think?

It is one of those courses which would be like cake walk if you follow
classes regularly and are also regular in revising lectures. It does not
involve rote learning as such but has a good deal of concepts. But
again if you are sincere these will be on your tips. Especially topics
like failure should be followed regularly from the beginning itself.

-Ayush
 What do your seniors think?

Don't have any prejudices at the beginning. One might think that a
lot of mugging is required. On the contrary, the course contents are
logical, and conceptual understanding is tested more than anything.
Pay attention in class and spend at least 2-3 hours a week on the
course material. The course gets very interesting after Quiz 1,
(spoiler alert!) where you'll learn failure theory, phase diagrams and
heat treatment.
Good luck and have fun!
-Joel Martis
 What do your seniors think?

This is a course that brushes up our strength of materials concepts.

Attending classes regularly is a must . Just reading books before the
exam might not be that effective .
-Kranti Chaitanya
 What do your seniors think?

The course is an interesting course. It may seem like one of the dry
and you-can't-pass-without-cramming-up-tons-of-details type
courses, but the course involves your deep-thinking and eventually
you will fall in love with the subject(especially during the mid-sem
period). It is advisable to constantly go through the reading
materials( including ref. books) as after a time, simply listening to
classes won't help. This is something which I didn't do and a poor
grade was inevitable. Engaging in classes is one thing, but self-
learning is also mandatory for good grades.
-Anonymous student
Human Civilization through Materials
❖ Stone Age
❖ Bronze Age
❖ Iron Age
❖ Modern Materials Age
❖ Plastic Age
❖ Silicon Age (What’s next?)
❖ Designed Materials
❖ Molecular Self-Assembly
❖ Hierarchical structures
❖ Metamaterials
Molecular Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly
Hierarchical Structures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_setae
 Materials that Changed the History
❖ Wood
❖ Ceramics
❖ Fiber & Cloth
❖ Bronze
❖ Iron & Steel
❖ Glass
❖ Paper
❖ Plastic & Rubber
❖ Aluminum
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/materials-changed-history.html
❖ Semiconductors
Materials Science vs Materials Engineering

❖ Material Science: Deals with Structure-Property Correlations

❖ Materials Engineering: Design/Engineer the structure of a material
for a specific application (relies on structure-property correlations)
❖ Structure: Arrangement of internal components and structure is
scale dependent-subatomic, atomic, microscopic and macroscopic
❖ Property: Characteristic response under the action of external
stimulus; Six Categories - Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal, Magnetic,
Optical and Deteirorative
❖ Processing and Performance are the two other important aspects
Materials Science vs Materials Engineering
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Material Property Landscape
Periodic Table
 Classification of Materials

❖ Metals
❖ Ceramics
❖ Polymers
❖ Composites
 Classification of Materials
Bonding Microstructure Advantages Concerns
• strong, stiff • fracture
Metals/Alloys Metallic Crystalline • ductile • fatigue
• conductive

• low cost • low strength

Covalent and
Polymers chain molecules • light weight • low stiffness
secondary
• corrosion free • creep

• strong, stiff, hard

Ceramics and crystalline • brittleness
ionic-covalent • temp. resistance
Glasses amorphous
• corrosion free

• strong, stiff • high cost

Composites various matrix, fiber.. • delamination
• light weight
 Classification of Materials
❖ Metals
❖ One or more metallic elements
❖ Metallic Alloys (e.g., steel)
❖ Good conductors
❖ Ceramics
❖ Polymers
❖ Composites
 Classification of Materials
❖ Metals
❖ One or more metallic elements
❖ Metallic Alloys (e.g., steel)
❖ Good conductors
❖ Ceramics
❖ Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
❖ Oxides, Nitrides and Carbides
❖ Al2O3, SiC, SiO2
❖ Clay minerals
❖ High Temperature Materials
❖ Polymers
❖ Composites
 Classification of Materials
❖ Metals
❖ One or more metallic elements
❖ Metallic Alloys (e.g., steel)
❖ Good conductors
❖ Ceramics
❖ Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
❖ Oxides, Nitrides and Carbides
❖ Al2O3, SiC, SiO2
❖ Clay minerals
❖ High Temperature Materials
❖ Polymers
❖ Plastic and rubber materials
❖ Organic compounds
❖ PVC, PS, PGMA
❖ Composites
 Classification of Materials
❖ Metals
❖ One or more metallic elements
❖ Metallic Alloys (e.g., steel)
❖ Good conductors
❖ Ceramics
❖ Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
❖ Oxides, Nitrides and Carbides
❖ Al2O3, SiC, SiO2
❖ Clay minerals
❖ High Temperature Materials
❖ Polymers
❖ Plastic and rubber materials
❖ Organic compounds
❖ PVC, PS, PGMA
❖ Composites
❖ Engineered combination of one or more materials
❖ CFRP, GFRP
 Advanced Materials

❖ Semiconductors
❖ Biomaterials
❖ Smart materials
❖ Nanomaterials
 Let’s dig deep into the world of Materials!

http://www.chaparraltech.net/sintered_metals.html Wikipedia
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/ http://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/
v518/n7537/fig_tab/nature14144_F3.html amat/iss/kap_5/illustr/i5_3_3.html

Microstructure Dislocations Individual atoms

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/nanobots-120814011457-phpapp01/95/nanobots-4-728.jpg?cb=1344907050
 Thank you

❖ Reading Assignment
❖ Chapter 2 of Callister’s book on Atomic Structure
and Interatomic bonding
❖ Please feel free to email me if you have any questions!