A geodetic level ____ consist of lines of sprit levelling connected together to form a system of ___

extending over an area

a. Net, loops
b. Frame, triangle
c. Net, triangle
d. Frame, loops

In transforming geodetic and grid azimuth, the geodetic direction projected into a plane is actually a ____
line, rather than a straight line, thus, the need for the ____ correction.

a. Spiral, arc to chord

b. Curved, chord to arc
c. Curved, arc to chord
d. Spiral, chord to arc

___ is the science which treats of the determination of ......... and figure of the earth.

a. Astronomy
b. Geodesy
c. Geology
d. Geomorphology

Data collector is a handheld ___ field notebook the total station, level or GNSS receiver to receive and
____.

a. Electronic, temporarily
b. Analogue, permanently
c. Electronic, permanently
d. Analogue, temporarily

The curvature correction in cm/km is ___.

a. 7.6
b. 7.2
c. 7.9
d. 7.5

A ___ error will always have the same magnitude and ___ algebraic sign under the same condition.

a. Systematic, different
b. Random, different
c. Random, he same
d. Systematic, the same

The earth’s gravity is measured with a ___, while absolute position on the earth’s surface are measured
with a ___.

a. Seismometer, total station

b. Seismometer, GNSS receiver
c. Gravimeter, GNSS receiver
 d. Gravimeter, total station

Satellite ___ refers to the position of the GNSS ....... relative to ___ form the view of the receiver.

a. Constellation, each other

b. Constellation, the earth
c. Geometry, the earth
d. Geometry, each other

___ is the arc between the celestial body and the ____.

a. Declination, north pole

b. Altitude, south pole
c. Declination, celestial equator
d. Altitude, north pole

The equipotential surface to which, at every point, the plumb-line is ___ is called ____.

a. Parallel, geoid
b. Perpendicular, ellipsoid
c. Parallel ellipsoid
d. Perpendicular, geiod

In the classical spherical coordinates called geometric coordinates, consisting of longitude, geocentric
latitude, and distance (r) from the center of an ellipsoid, the x-coordinate is equal to the product of
distance (r) and ______.

a. Sin phi sin longitude

b. Cos phi sin longitude
c. Cos phi cos longitude
d. Sin phi cos longitude

Datum ____ is used to convert the coordinate of a _____ defined in one datum to coordinate in a different
datum.

a. Transformation, point
b. Convergence, point
c. Transformation, surface
d. Convergence, surface

The GPS satellite are dispersed in ____ orbital planes on almost ___ orbits.

a. Five, elliptical
b. Five, circular
c. Six, circular
d. Six, elliptical

The reference datum of elevation obtained by GNSS receiver is _____, while that obtained by conventional
geodetic levelling is _____.

a. Geoid, ellipsoid
 b. Ellipsoid, mean ground elevation
c. Ellipsoid, geoid
d. Geoid, mean ground elevation

The radius of curvature of the ellipsoid varies with the latitude being longest at the _____ and the shortest
at the ____.

a. Equator, pole
b. Pole, meridian
c. Equator, meridian
d. Pole, equator

In geodetic astronomy, the complementary angle of ____ is the hour angle system is ______ distance.

a. Declination, altitude
b. Altitude, declination
c. Declination, polar
d. Declination, zenith

In GNSS surveying, clock ____ usually refers to the difference between the time of the satellite vehicle
clocks and the clock in the user’s GNSS.

a. Inset, receiver
b. Offset, wrist
c. Inset, wrist
d. Offset, receiver

All GNSS survey measurements exceeding ____ km must utilize static technique with ____ observation
times.

a. 1, shorter
b. 10, shorter
c. 1, longer
d. 10, longer

The baseline in meters at the UP campus in Diliman, Quezon City used by the DENR LMB for survey
instrumental calibration is _____ while the baseline at the Clark Development Corporation Trade zone in
Angeles city Pampanga is _____.

a. 200,200
b. 200,250
c. 300,250
d. 200,300

The combined effect of earth curvatures and atmospheric refraction in meters, is expressed as _____ D^2
where D is the distance from a point of tangency at the observer’s position in ______.

a. 0.0675, miles
b. 0.0675, kilometers
c. 0.0765, miles
 d. 0.0765, kilometers

A GPS ______ frequency receiver uses the _____ GPS signal only and there is no compensation ionospheric
effects.

a. Double, L2
b. Single, L1
c. Double, L1
d. Single, L2

By measuring the earth’s gravity around the globe, geod...... a _____ geiod, which reflects the various
______ within .........

a. Gravimetric, weights
b. Kilometric, weights
c. Gravimetric, ....
d. Kilometric, .....

Psuedorange is the measured distance between the GNSS receiver antenna and the GNSS satellites and is
biased by the ____ of the ____ clock from the satellite clock.

a. Offset, users
b. Offset. Receiver
c. Distance, user
d. Distance, receiver

The relationship between geocentric latitude (beta) and geodetic latitude (psy) is expressed in the
equation _____.

a. Tan (beta) = (1-e^2) cos (psy)

b. Tan (beta) = (1-e^2) sin (psy)
c. Cos (beta) = (1-e^2) tan (psy)
d. Sin (beta) = (1-e^2) tan (psy)

The theoretical sum of the spherical triangulations exceeds 180 degree by an amount equal to the ____
of the triangle divided by the product of the square of the mean radius of the earth and the _____ of one
second.

a. Perimeter, cosine
b. Perimeter, sine
c. Area, cosine
d. Area, sine

If the relative precision of a distance is 1:2,000,000. What is the equivalent distance error in centimeter
per km?

a. 11
b. 15
c. 12
d. 10.1
Generally, ______ GPS survey methods are employed when baseline length are greater than ________
miles.

a. Kinematic, 12
b. Static, 22
c. Static, 12
d. Kinematic, 22

The GPS derived height of a control point is 16.849 meters? While ...... orthometric elevation of the same
point is 28.633 meters, ..... separation between the ellipsoid and the geoid at the location of ... control
point.

a. -11.844
b. +11.484
c. +11.844
d. -11.484

The _______ GNSS user community has increased dramatically in recent years due to the emergence of
low cost, ______ -grade GNSS receivers.

a. Military, mapping
b. Civilian, survey
c. Military, survey
d. Civilian, mapping

If h=+60.95 meters and the geiod undulation, w, is equal to +35.38 meters, calculate the orthometric
height, H, in meters, of point.

a. 25.57
b. 27.42
c. 27.24
d. 26.42

GNSS satellite signals ___ penetrates metal, buildings or trees and are susceptible to signal _____ errors
where passing thru leaves, glass, plastic and other materials.

a. Cannot, filtering
b. Can, delay
c. Cannot, delay
d. Can, filtering

GPS receiver directly generates 3-D coordinates in ____ coordinate frame such as ____.

a. Geocentric, WGS84
b. Geodetic, WGS84
c. Geocentric, PRS92
d. Geodetic, PRS921

SITUATION 1 – the ellipsoid height, h, of a control point is measured with a GNSS receiver
If h=+47.54 meters and the geoid undulation, N, is equal to +12.75 m, calculate the orthometric height, H,
in meters of the point

a. 35.79
b. 34.79
c. 59.29
d. 60.29

If h=+54.14 meters and the geiod undulation, N is equal to -24.72 meters, calculate the orthometric height
N in meters of the point.

a. 26.24
b. 29.42
c. 29.24
d. 26.42

SITUATION 2 – the leveling notes for a portion of a road project are tabulated below:

Station backsight (m) foresight (m)

BM No.6 1.352

0.921

0.486

TBM No.1 1.795 1.872

1.503 1.405

1.211 0.938

TBM No.2 1.607 1.588

1.286 1.272

0.965 0.957

TBM No.3 1.944 2.130

1.567 1.665

1.190 1.200

BM No.6 1.299

0.950

0.601

If the given elevation of BM no.6 is 53.456 meters above mean sea level, determine the error of closure
in centimeters.

a. 14
b. 16
 c. 15
d. 17

Determine the loop distance in meters if the stadia constant=100.

a. 603.9
b. 602.3
c. 616.2
d. 604.3

Determine the adjusted elevation of TBM No.3 in meters.

a. 52.833
b. 52.823
c. 52.828
d. 52.839

Determine the adjusted elevation of TBM No. 2

a. 53.208
b. 53.108
c. 53.408
d. 53.308

If the given elevation of BM No.6 is 53.456 meters above mean sea level, determine the adjusted elevation
of TBM No.1

a. 52.974
b. 52.944
c. 52.964
d. 52.954

SITUATION: A triangulation baseline is 19500.69 meters measured at average elevation 247.78 meters
above datum in an area where the separation between geiod and ellipsoid is -35.55 meters. Using earth
radius =6,378,137 meters.

If the triangulation baseline is 25,789.475 meters, determine ellipsoid distance in meters.

a. 25,788.671
b. 25,788.176
c. 25,788.617
d. 25,788.167

Determine the distance in meters reduced to surface of the ellipsoid.

a. 19,499.410
b. 19,500.410
c. 19,500.041
d. 19,499.041

If the triangulation baseline is 30,439.106 meters, determine the ellipsoid distance on meters.
 a. 30,438.093
b. 30,438.903
c. 30,438.039
d. 30,438.309

SITUATION 4 – the following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of station JLZ-31 and AJR-2 are
provided as project control stations

Station geographic coordinates grid coordinates

(meters) latitude/longitude Northings/Eastings

JLZ-31 10-50-20.57470 1,198,555,068

122-36-30.79027 457,197.963

AJR-2 10-41-24.76115 1,182,106.743

122-31-14.58764 447,568.005

Determine the grid azimuth from station AJR-2 to station JLZ-31. (Not sure sa choices malabo kasi)

a. 210-20-53.1
b. 210-20-50.3
c. 210-20-51.3
d. 210-20-55.1

Determine the meridian convergence in seconds.

a. 62.1”
b. 61.1”
c. 59.1”
d. 63.1”

Determine the geodetic azimuth from Station AJR-2 to station JLZ-31, assuming that the arc to chord
coordinates is negligible.

a. 210-21-50.4
b. 210-21-53.4
c. 210-21-52.4
d. 210-21-40.4

SITUATION: The following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of station MMA-1 and CVT-1 are
provided as reference station.

Station geographic coordinates grid coordinates (meter)

Latitude/longitude northing/easting

MMA-1 14-32-13.66238 1,607,761.469

121-02-23.14210 504,138.600
CVT-1 14-16-52.55408 1,579,452.902

120-59-49.08799 499,525.464

Determine the grid azimuth from station MMA-1 to station CVT-1.

a. 9-15-17.8
b. 9-15-21.8
c. 9-15-23.8
d. 9-15-19.8
e. Determine the meridian convergence in seconds.
a. 40.3
b. 38.3
c. 36.3
d. 35.3

Determine the geodetic azimuth from station MMA-1 to station CVT-1 assuming that the arc to chord
correction is negligible.

a. 9-15-52.1
b. 9-15-58.1
c. 9-15-56.1
d. 9-15-54.1

SITUATION: the WGS84 geographic coordinates of station MMA-39 are latitude=14-39-18.82979 and
longitude= 121-03-34.94501. if the semi-major axis, a=6,378,137 meters, first eccentricity,
e=0.0818191909 and h=0

Determine the X cartesian coordinate of MMA-39 in meters.

a. -3,184,302.334
b. -3,184,301.334
c. -3,184,300.334
d. -3,184,303.334

Determine the Y coordinate of MMA-39 in meters.

a. 5,287,077.593
b. 5,287,078.593
c. 5,287,080.593
d. 5,287,079.593

Determine the Z coordinate of MMA-39 in meters.

a. 1,603,220.786
b. 1,603,221.786
c. 1,602,222.786
d. 1,603,223.786

SITUATION: time discrepancy between the GNSS satellite clock and receiver clock result to corresponding
errors is the derived ground distance.
If the time discrepancy is 0.5 nanosecond, calculate the distance error in meters.

a. 1.5
b. 150
c. 0.15
d. 15

If the time discrepancy is 0.1 nanosecond, calculate the distance error in meters.

a. 0.3
b. 30
c. 0.03
d. 3

If the time discrepancy is 0.5 microsecond, calculate the distance error in meters.

a. 1500
b. 15
c. 15,000
d. 150