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Derick Apolinar
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Mesopotamia
Babylon Temples were the chief buildings of the Babylon . Each temple complex was
dominated by ziggurat (a terraced tower). Ramps or flights of stairs connected the various
levels and led to a small shrine at the top. Ziggurat, biblical tower of Babel.
Assyrian Empire also built ziggurats, but palaces was their major architectural concern
Greatest achievement of Assyrian architecture is the Citadel of King Saragon II.
Persian Empire Built many palaces barged halls w/ slender columns and great ceremonial
stairways richly decorated w/ relief sculpture are the characteristic features of Persian
architecture.ant
CLASSICAL
1.Minoan Architecture (2000-1450BC)- the finest Minoan architectural achievement was the
Minos Wooden columns supported the beams of the ceiling. These beams were divided into
3 horizontal sections: >The architrave on the bottom,
>The frieze in the middle, Entabular
>The cornice at the top
2.Myceanean Architecture (1600)- They built treasuries on stone tombs that resembled the
shape of beehives.
3.Greek Architecture –Based on the post and lintel principle and the columns in ne of its
distinguishing feature, Collonades were often used and they never used as arch in their major
buildings. Buildings were constructed of marble or coarse stone such as limestone.
The most important Greek buildings were the temples that housed the statues of the
gods. The most common type of temple was rectangular and stood on a stepped
platform.
Greatest contribution of architecture was a set of styles called Orders. .
3Basic Orders :
DORIC – the first and the simplest of the 3 Greek orders .
-it is the only order that normally has no base.
- the finest example of the Doric order is the Parthenon in Athens.
IONIC - Capital decorated with carved spirals scrolls called VOLUTES.
-It has slimmer columns and its columns are more delicately proportioned
than the Doric and has base. The Erechtheum in Athens is an example.
CORINTHIAN- latest and most ornate of the orders.
- It has laborate capital with carvings of Acanthus leaves.
- Greeks used it mainly in small buildings.
4.Roman Architecture –Romans unitrd engineering and architecture in their utilitarian projects.
They often combined the Greek post and lintel style w/ arched forums as in the Colosseum in
Rome.
They adapted the 3 greek orders and added 2 or more of there own. These are
TUSCAN- Resembles the Doric order but the shaft has no fluting.
COMPOSITE- resembles the Corinthian order but has a capital that combines the
Corinthian Achantus leaf decoration w/ volutes from the Ionic order.
The Romans were the first to fully use two forms of roof design, the arch and the vault.
A vault is an arched roof or ceiling use of the arch and vault eliminated the need for
columns to support the roof instead, The roof could rest solely on the outer walls.
Romans used columns simply as sculptural decoration attached to walls.
Derick Apolinar
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