Lecture 01 and 02

EE-847: Microwave Networks &
Passive Components
Course Code: EE-847
Semester: Fall 2018
Credit Hours: 3+0
Prerequisite Codes: EE-241 Electromagnetic Field Theory (3+0),
or Equivalent
Instructor: Dr. Nosherwan Shoaib
Office: B-205, 1st floor, RIMMS
E-mail: nosherwan.shoaib@seecs.edu.pk
© Copyright Dr. Nosherwan Shoaib, 2018 Microwave Networks & Passive Components 1
Today’s Lecture
Faculty/Student Introduction
Course Introduction and Outline

 Course Description
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
 Assessment Methods
 Books
 Lecture Breakdown
 Grading Policy
Course Introduction
Course Introduction and Outline
Outcome Based Education (OBE)
• Outcome Based Education:
– Focusses on Learning rather than Teaching
• A pre-requisite system for Washington Accord
membership
• Advantage: Recognized degree in all member
states
• 18 countries already members
• Why YOU should know?
Hierarchy of Outcomes
Vision & Mission of the Institution/Dept.

Long Term
Outcomes
Program Educational Objectives (PEO)
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)

Short Term
Outcomes
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Ref: Dr. Zahid Halim, OBE presentation, GIKI

An Analogy
Inputs Output
Provided Attributes
• Flour • Round
• Packaging • Soft
• Dough • Well
• Cook Cooked
• Heat
PEOs, PLOs, CLOs
PEO:
The PEOs help stakeholders select a program:
 Students to select the program in an Institution
 Industries to choose the graduates of a program
PLO:
Program outcomes are the narrower statements that describe
what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of
graduation.
CLO:
CLO is a formal statement of what students are expected to learn in a course
PLOs, CLOs
CLOs 12 PLOs
1. Engineering Knowledge
Course 1 2. Problem Analysis
3. Design/Development of
Solutions
Course 2 4. Investigation
.
5. Modern Tool Usage
. 6. The Engineer and Society
. 7. Environment &
Course 44 Sustainability
8. Ethics
9. Individual and Teamwork
10. Communication
Course 45 11. Project Management
12. Life Long Learning
Ethics
 Good Engineers come second
 …
 …
 …
 …
Ethics
 …
 …
 …
 …
 Good Human Beings come first
Ethics
 …
 …
 …
 …
 Good Human Beings come first
 Professional and Social Ethics
Introduction
Introduction
 Introduction to Microwave Engineering
 Maxwell Equations
 Revisions
Introduction
Microwave Engineering
 Microwave Electronics is Analog Science
 It requires knowledge of few simple
concepts to become Microwave Engineer
 S-Parameters
 Smith Charts
 Transmission Line
 Skin Depth
 Antennas (another complete field
of electromagnetics)
 Microwave Engineering is very much useful
in defense sector, other important fields are
 Heat Sensing
 Remote Sensing
 Communications
Introduction
 The Subject : deals with the circuits / devices in the
frequency range from about 30 MHz to about 300 GHz
 RF bands: from very high frequency (VHF) (30–300 MHz) to ultra

high frequency (UHF) (300–3000 MHz)
 Microwave bands: from 3 GHz to 30 GHz
 Millimeter-wave bands: from 30 GHz to 300 GHz
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Applications
 Personal
 Cordless telephone
 Cellular phone and data services (2G, 3G, 4G)
 Satellite telephones
 Global navigation (GPS)
 Medical / Science / Military /
Infrastructure
 Sensing and Imaging
 Biomedical engineering
 Radars
 Wireless power transfer
Applications
Applications
Applications
Mobile Charger
Applications
The CE Mark
("Conformité Européenne"
"European Conformity")
existing in its present form
since 1993, is a mandatory
conformance mark on many
products placed on the
market in the European
Economic Area (EEA)
Mobile Charger
Applications
RF Choke
Image Courtesyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choke_(electronics)
Applications
 EMC/EMI - Fighter Jets
*Image Courtesy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmamWpTCuW8
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
 Internet of Things (IoT)
*Image Courtesy: https://www.iot-now.com/2017/09/04/65726-internet-things-needs-edge-cloud-computing
Applications
 Internet of Things (IoT) – RF Energy Harvesting
Antenna Ambient
RF Signals
Power
Management
Module
Impedance Rectifier
Load
Matching Network
Power
Storage
Rectenna System Block Diagram
RF Testing Instruments
Spectrum Analyzer Oscilloscope Signal Generator
Vector Network Analyzer Antenna
Why Microwave Engineering ?
Why Microwave Engineering ?
 RF, microwave and millimeter wave circuit design and

realization is far more complicated than low frequency work
 Component size at MW frequencies is comparable to
wavelength → circuit theory no longer applies
 Microwave components often act as distributed elements,
phase of voltage and current changes over physical extent of
the device
 Maxwell’s equations are needed
Microwave Engineering : Short History
 Mature field →
fundamental concepts
were developed more
than a century ago
 Foundation of modern EM
theory was formulated by
James Clerk Maxwell
(1873)
 Oliver Heaviside simplified
the Maxwell’s theory
(1886)
 Heinrich Hertz validated
Maxwell’s theory of
electromagnetic waves
(1891)
Maxwell’s Equations
where,
Faraday’s Law
Ampere’s Law
Gauss’s Law
where,
Faraday’s Law
 Induced emf, Vemf (in volts), in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of
change of the magnetic flux linkage by the circuit.
Ampere’s Circuit Law
Gauss’s Law
 It states that total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the total
charge enclosed by that surface.
 It states that volume charge density is the same as the divergence of electric flux
density.
 Divergence of magnetic field is zero as magnetic monopoles doesn’t exist.
Maxwell’s Equations in Phasor Form:
The Fourier transform can be used to convert a solution to Maxwell’s equations for an
arbitrary frequency ω into a solution for arbitrary time dependence
The Wave Equation and Basic Plane Wave Solutions
 The Helmholtz Equation

In a source-free, linear, isotropic, homogeneous region:
A constant is defined and called the

propagation constant (also known as the
phase constant, or wave number), of the medium;
its units are 1/m.
 Plane Waves in a lossless Medium

In a lossless medium, ϵ and µ are real
numbers, and so k is real
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
 Waves are means of transporting energy or information

 All forms of EM energy share three fundamental characteristics
 They all travel at high velocity
 In travelling they assume the property of waves
 They radiate outward from a source
Waves in General
 The wave equation below is traveling with a velocity u in the +z
direction
 To do this, we consider a fixed point P on the wave and sketch

the above equation at times t = 0, T/4, and T/2
 The point P is a point of constant phase with respect to a
reference, therefore:
 By differentiating both sides, we get:
 Therefore, the wave travels with velocity u in the +z-direction
Waves in General
 It is evident that as the

wave advances with
time, point P moves
along +z-direction
 A negative sign in
(ωt−βz) shows that wave
is travelling in +ve z
direction
 Whereas, a positive sign
in (ωt+βz) shows that
wave is travelling other
way round
Waves in General
 The wave fronts are infinite parallel planes
Example: 1.1
 Plane Waves in a General lossy Medium
 Plane Waves in a Good Conductor
1.5. General Plane Wave Solutions
Home Assignment
Circularly Polarized Plane Waves
Linearly polarized
Right hand Circular polarized wave
Left hand Circular polarized wave
Circularly Polarized Plane Waves
Electric field polarization for (a) RHCP and (b) LHCP plane waves.
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EE-847: Microwave Networks &

Course Introduction and Outline

 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

Vision & Mission of the Institution/Dept.

Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)

Ref: Dr. Zahid Halim, OBE presentation, GIKI

 Good Human Beings come first

 Good Human Beings come first

 Professional and Social Ethics

 RF bands: from very high frequency (VHF) (30–300 MHz) to ultra

*Image Courtesy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmamWpTCuW8

*Image Courtesy: https://www.iot-now.com/2017/09/04/65726-internet-things-needs-edge-cloud-computing

Rectenna System Block Diagram

Spectrum Analyzer Oscilloscope Signal Generator

Vector Network Analyzer Antenna

 RF, microwave and millimeter wave circuit design and

Maxwell’s Equations in Phasor Form:

 The Helmholtz Equation

A constant is defined and called the

 Plane Waves in a lossless Medium

 Waves are means of transporting energy or information

 To do this, we consider a fixed point P on the wave and sketch

 By differentiating both sides, we get:

 Therefore, the wave travels with velocity u in the +z-direction

 It is evident that as the

 The wave fronts are infinite parallel planes

 Plane Waves in a General lossy Medium

 Plane Waves in a Good Conductor

1.5. General Plane Wave Solutions

Right hand Circular polarized wave

Left hand Circular polarized wave

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