Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5) The most commonly used Web server on servers running the Unix or Linux operating system
is Internet Information Server (IIS).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 462
6) If the Web server and the DBMS are running on the same server, the system has a three-tier
architecture.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 439
7) ODBC has not had practical success, but has shown great potential for future development.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439-440
8) ODBC works with table-like data sources such as relational databases and spreadsheets.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 439-440
10) With ODBC, a database and the DBMS that processes it are identified by the data source.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 439-440
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11) With ODBC, the driver manager serves as an intermediary between the application and the
DBMS drivers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 440 Fig 11-3
12) With ODBC, only a single driver is needed to handle all data source types, such as Oracle,
DB2, and Access.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 440 Fig 11-3
13) In ODBC, the amount of work that the driver must do is largely determined by the degree of
SQL-compliance of the data source.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440-441
14) A multiple-tier ODBC driver may reformat an SQL request, but it does not actually process
the SQL statement.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 440-441
15) With ODBC, a file data source is available only to the user that created it.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 442-443
16) In general, the best type of ODBC data source to define for a Web application is a system
data source.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 442-442
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21) Object classes have properties that represent characteristics of the objects in the class.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 451
22) One of the properties of all collections is Count, which is the number of objects in the
collection.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 451
23) In OLE DB, all of an object's properties must be exposed in all interfaces, but not all
methods have to be exposed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 451
24) One important result of OLE DB is that data does not have to be moved or converted from
one form to another.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 451
25) An OLE DB service provider accepts data from an OLE DB tabular data provider.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 452-453
26) ADO provides access to ODBC functionality to programming languages that ordinarily could
not access ODBC functions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 453 Fig 11-15
27) ADO is accessible from languages such as C++ and C#, but not Visual Basic or scripting
languages.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 453
28) ADO was (and still is) frequently used for database applications.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 453
29) ADO.NET is a completely new product, with no connection to ADO except the similar name.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 453-454
30) ADO.NET provides the capability to create and process in-memory databases called
DataSets.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 453-454
31) An ADO.NET DataSet has all the characteristics, features, and functions of a regular
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database.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 455-457
33) An ADO.NET dataset can have primary and foreign keys, but ADO.NET does not support
referential integrity.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 455-457
34) Once an ADO.NET dataset is constructed, its contents can be formatted as an XML
document with a single command.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 455-457
36) Only open source products may be used in conjunction with JDBC.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 457-458
38) JDBC drivers only exist for a limited number of DBMS products at this time.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 457-458
39) JDBC-ODBC bridge drivers resolve inconsistencies between Java and C/C++ to allow Java
access to ODBC data sources.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 458
40) Type 2 JDBC drivers access ODBC data sources over a network.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 458
41) Type 4 JDBC drivers translate JDBC calls into a DBMS-independent network protocol.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 458
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42) Java programs are compiled into machine-independent bytecode.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 458
43) Java programs tend to execute faster than programs compiled into machine-dependent code
because the Java virtual machine only has to interpret the bytecode.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 458
44) An applet is a Java bytecode program that executes on the Web server.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 458
45) Applet bytecode is sent to the user's computer and is invoked using the HTTP protocol.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 458
46) Java programs that access a database from an applet must use a Type 2 JDBC driver.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 458-459
49) JSP pages are automatically re-compiled if the uncompiled JSP page is newer than the
compiled version of the page.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 460-461 Fig11-22
50) Basic Web pages are created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 464
52) A common default Web page name recognized by most Web servers is FirstPage.html.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 465
53) Database processing and document processing are unrelated to one another.
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Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 486
55) In the 1990s the database community and the document processing community created a
standard called Expandable Markup Language (XML).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 486
56) XML provides a standardized, non-customizable way to describe the content of a document.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 486
57) Unlike SQL views, XML views are not limited to one multivalued path.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 486
58) SOAP was originally an XML-based standard for providing remote procedure calls over the
Internet.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 486
59) XML designers created a system that allows document structure, data content, and
materialization to be mixed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487
61) Possible uses of XML go far beyond using it to display Web pages.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 487
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64) XML documents that conform to their DTD are said to be type-valid XML documents.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487
65) XML documents that do not conform to their DTD are said to be non-type-valid XML
documents.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487
66) XSLT is a robust and powerful transformation language that can be used to materialize XML
documents into HTML.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 488
68) An XSLT stylesheet is used by XSLT to indicate how to transform the elements of an XML
document into another format.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489-490
69) An XSLT command embedded in the structure of an XSLT stylesheet is of the form {loop,
action}.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 490-492
70) When XSLT actions are indicated in a loop, the loop ends with </xsl:for-each>.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 490-492
71) XSLT processors are context oriented; that is, each statement is evaluated within the context
of the match that has already been made.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 490-492
72) After an XSLT processor transforms an XML document into an HTML document, the HTML
document is materialized using a browser.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 492
73) Most of today's Web browsers still lack a built-in XSLT processor.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492
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Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492
75) XML documents that conform to an XML Schema are validated against that schema.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 492
76) XML documents and XML Schemas are created in different languages.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492
77) An important improvement of XML Schema over DTDs is that XML Schemas are
themselves XML documents.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492
78) The first statement of an XML document indicates the schema that will be used to validate
the document.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 493
80) In XML Schema, there are two types of elements, simple and composite.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
81) Elements of complexType must have more than one simple element.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
82) For database/XML applications, a good rule to follow is that elements are used to carry data
and attributes are used to carry metadata.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 495
84) In XML Schema, the default minimum cardinality can be overridden using the minOccurs
attributes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 495
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85) Setting the minimum cardinality to 0 is similar to using a NULL constraint in SQL.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 495
86) An XML Schema where all the elements occur at the same level is called a structured
schema.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 495
87) To eliminate definition duplication, XML Schema elements can be declared globally.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 499-501
88) SQL Server has facilities for generating XML documents from database data.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 501
89) Oracle requires the use of Java for generating XML documents from database data.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 501
90) MySQL Server does not have facilities for generating XML documents from database data.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 501
91) The SQL Server statement SELECT...FOR XML is used to place column data as elements in
an XML document.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 501-503
92) The SQL Server statement SELECT ...FOR XML RAW tells SQL Server to place the data
values from the columns in the table into XML elements.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 501-503
93) The SQL Server statement SELECT...FOR XML EXPLICIT is used to control placement of
column data as either elements or attributes in an XML document.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 501-503
94) The SQL Server statement SELECT...FOR XML can only be used with a single table.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 506
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95) XML processing provides a standardized facility to describe, validate, and materialize any
database view.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 514
96) Few industries have shown an interest in developing XML industry standards.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 514-519 Fig11-62
97) XML industry standards have been published for the Accounting industry.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 514-519 Fig11-62
99) XML Namespaces are used to define domains, support domains, and disambiguate terms.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 519-521 Fig11-63
100) Which of the following can only interact with relational database and table-like data
structures?
A) OLE DB
B) ODBC
C) ASP
D) ADO
E) All of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 439-440
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102) According to the ODBC standard, which of the following is not part of the specification of a
data source?
A) The associated DBMS
B) The database
C) The driver
D) The operating system
E) The network platform
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439-440
103) The ODBC standard defines a means of doing which of the following?
A) Start transactions
B) Rollback transactions
C) Create a connection
D) Issue SQL commands
E) All of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 439-440
104) Which of the following is a function performed by the driver manager in ODBC?
A) Submit SQL statements to the data source
B) Determine the type of DBMS that processes a given ODBC data source
C) Load the appropriate ODBC driver into memory
D) Convert data source error codes into ODBC error codes
E) B and C
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 440-441
105) The intermediary between the application and the DBMS drivers in the ODBC architecture
is the ________.
A) driver manager
B) OLE DB interface
C) ODBC driver
D) data source
E) database connector
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 440 Fig 11-3
106) Which of the following is a task performed by the driver according to the ODBC standard?
A) Determines the appropriate DBMS
B) Validates the format of the ODBC command received from the application
C) Converts data source error codes into ODBC standard error codes
D) Verifies the application to the data source
E) Converts the data source into an SQL-compliant data structure
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440-441
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107) The ________ processes ODBC requests and submits specific SQL statements to a given
type of data source.
A) driver manager
B) ADO
C) driver
D) source converter
E) ODBC translator
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 440-441
108) A data source that is fully SQL-compliant would use what type of DBMS driver?
A) Single-tier
B) Multiple-tier
C) SQL transform
D) Text-based
E) Conformance
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 440-441
109) How does an application determine the level of ODBC conformance available from a
driver?
A) The application makes a call to the driver manager.
B) The application makes a call to the data source.
C) The application makes a call to the driver.
D) The developer must determine the level of conformance before the application is written.
E) It does not have to determine ODBC conformance since all ODBC drivers have the same
functionality by definition.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440-442
110) Support for a scrollable cursor is a sign of what type of conformance in a DBMS driver?
A) Level 1 API
B) Extended SQL Grammar
C) Core API
D) Level 2 API
E) Core SQL Grammar
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 441-442 Fig 11-5
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111) Support for subqueries and creating indexes is a sign of what type of SQL conformance in a
DBMS driver?
A) Level 2 API
B) Minimum SQL Grammar
C) Core API
D) Extended SQL Grammar
E) Core SQL Grammar
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 442 Fig 11-6
112) A ________ data source can be shared among database users as long as they have the same
DBMS driver and privilege to access the database.
A) file
B) common
C) shared
D) system
E) user
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 442-443
113) A data source that is local to a single computer and can be used by the operating system and
any user on that computer is called a ________ data source.
A) file
B) common
C) shared
D) system
E) user
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 442-443
114) In general, for Web applications it is best to create what type of data source on the Web
server?
A) File
B) Common
C) Shared
D) System
E) User
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 442-443
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115) OLE DB breaks the features and functions of a DBMS into what type of objects?
A) COM
B) DBMS
C) MTS
D) ODBC
E) ASP
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 449-450
118) The actions that an object can perform are called ________.
A) classes
B) collections
C) methods
D) properties
E) procedures
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 451
119) An important method of a collection is a(n) ________, which can be used to pass through or
otherwise identify the items in the collection.
A) iterator
B) identifier
C) converter
D) transformer
E) signal
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 451
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120) A set of objects and the properties and methods that they expose are known as a(n)
________.
A) provider
B) data consumer
C) implementation
D) instantiation
E) interface
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 451
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125) ADO.NET in-memory databases are called ________.
A) adoBases
B) adoDatabases
C) dotNetBases
D) dotNetDatabases
E) DataSets
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 455
126) An ADO.NET Data Provider is a(n) ________ that provides ADO.NET services.
A) class library
B) windows application
C) Web application
D) XML service
E) DND service
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 455-457
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130) What type of JDBC driver connects to the native API of the DBMS?
A) Type J-O driver
B) Type 1 driver
C) Type 2 driver
D) Type 3 driver
E) Type 4 driver
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 458 Fig 11-20
131) What type of JDBC driver translates JDBC calls into DBMS-independent network
protocols?
A) Type J-O driver
B) Type 1 driver
C) Type 2 driver
D) Type 3 driver
E) Type 4 driver
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 458 Fig 11-20
132) What type of JDBC driver translates JDBC calls into DBMS-specific network protocols?
A) Type J-O driver
B) Type 1 driver
C) Type 2 driver
D) Type 3 driver
E) Type 4 driver
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 458 Fig 11-20
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135) Applet bytecode is transmitted to the user's computer via ________.
A) the JDBC driver
B) the Java virtual machine
C) HTTP
D) SQL
E) the bytecode interpreter
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 458
136) A(n) ________ is a Java program that is interpreted and executed by a bytecode interpreter
on the Web server.
A) applet
B) Java virtual machine
C) servlet
D) HTTP
E) JDBC translator
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 459
137) In a three-tier or n-tier architecture, which type of JDBC driver can be used if the DBMS
and the Web server are running on the same computer?
A) Type 1 driver
B) Type 2 driver
C) Type 3 driver
D) Type 4 driver
E) All of the above.
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 459
139) The coding for Java Server Pages must be written in ________.
A) Java
B) JavaScript
C) C++
D) Visual Basic
E) Any of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 460
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140) Which of the following is true about JSP code?
A) It must be written in Java or JavaScript.
B) It does not have access to HTTP functionality.
C) It must be coded as complete Java classes and methods.
D) It is automatically converted into Java servlets.
E) All of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 460-461
144) In PHP, any programming language statements that are to be processed on the server must
be enclosed in:
A) <!-- and --!>.
B) [php and php].
C) (php and php).
D) <?php and ?>.
E) <server> and </server>.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 471
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145) The first PHP element to be created is the:
A) Command object.
B) Connection object.
C) Errors collection.
D) Parameters collection.
E) RecordSet object.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 471-472
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150) Which of the following is true about XML?
A) It is a subset of SGML.
B) Additional standards and capabilities have been added to XML processing.
C) It is a hybrid of document processing and database processing.
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 486
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155) The document type declaration for an XML document begins with the keyword ________.
A) XML
B) DTD
C) TYPE
D) DOCTYPE
E) TYPEDECL
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 487
156) XML documents that conform to their DTD are said to be ________.
A) DTD-valid
B) XML-valid
C) DTD-compliant
D) not-type-valid
E) type-valid
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 487
158) Which of the following is not true about document type declarations for XML documents?
A) They are not required.
B) They are required for type-valid documents.
C) They cannot be contained inside the XML document.
D) Storing the DTD externally allows many documents to be validated against the same DTD.
E) The DTD can be extended by the developer with any elements he or she wants to include.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487
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160) Which of the following is true about XSLT?
A) It can be used to materialize XML documents into HTML.
B) XSLT processors are context oriented.
C) It is a non-declarative transformation language.
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 488-489
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165) The XML Schema statement xmlns:xsd indicates that ________.
A) this XML Schema uses a labeled namespace called xsd
B) this XML Schema is validated at www.xsd.com
C) this XML Schema is validated at www.xmlns.com using the xsd XML Schema located there
D) this XML Schema is using a non-standard looping procedure, where xsd is the variable name
of the loop increment
E) the value of the variable xmnls is being set equal to the value of the variable xsd
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
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170) In database/ XML applications, it is a recommended practice that ________.
A) elements carry data, and attributes carry metadata
B) elements carry metadata, and attributes carry data
C) elements and attributes carry data, and the XML Schema carry metadata
D) elements and attributes carry metadata, and the XML Schema carry data
E) either A or B
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 495
173) XML Schema that have all elements residing at the same level are called ________.
A) flat
B) structured
C) single-leveled
D) multi-leveled
E) styled
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 495
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174) The SQL Server statement
SELECT *
FROM Table01
FOR XML RAW
tells SQL Server to place the data values from the columns in the table into XML ________.
A) elements
B) attributes
C) either elements or attributes, as chosen by SQL Server
D) either elements or attributes, as designated by the developer
E) either elements or attributes, as designated by the XML Schema
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 501-503
SELECT *
FROM Table01
FOR XML EXPLICIT
tells SQL Server to place the data values from the columns in the table into XML ________.
A) elements
B) attributes
C) either elements or attributes, as chosen by SQL Server
D) either elements or attributes, as designated by the developer
E) either elements or attributes, as designated by the XML Schema
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 501-503
176) The SQL Server XML SELECT statements can be applied to ________.
A) single table SELECT statements
B) multiple table SELECT statements
C) XML Schema statements
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 501-503
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177) XML is important because XML processing provides a standardized facility to ________
any database view.
A) describe
B) validate
C) materialize
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 514
178) The standard for locating particular elements within a document is called ________.
A) XML
B) XSL
C) XPath
D) SAX
E) DOM
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 519-521 Fig11-63
180) Explain the relationships among native DBMS libraries, ODBC, OLE DB, ADO, and
ADO.NET and why each led to the development of the next.
Answer: All of these provide means of data access. Native DBMS libraries are the least abstract
and are DBMS-specific access methods. Due to the large numbers of data sources that
developers have to deal with, learning that many DBMS libraries was cumbersome. ODBC
developed as a more abstract means of data access that shielded developers from having to learn
multiple native DBMS libraries. One shortcoming of ODBC, however, was that it can only
access data from sources that have a table-like structure. Therefore, OLE DB was developed as a
means of accessing data from a much broader range of data source types. OLE DB is an object-
oriented interface that is suitable for use by many object-oriented languages. Many developers,
however, use languages such as Visual Basic and scripting languages that cannot access OLE
DB. ADO was therefore developed to further abstract OLE DB and provide access to OLE DB
functionality to programming languages that cannot directly access OLE DB. ADO has been
followed by ADO.NET, which is part of Microsoft's .NET initiative. It extends the functionality
of ADO.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 437-439
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181) Briefly describe the components of the ODBC architecture.
Answer: In the ODBC architecture, the application program, driver manager, and DBMS drivers
reside on the Web server, and the database and DBMS reside on the database server. The
combination of the database and its associated DBMS comprise the data source. The data source
contains the data used by the application. The application program talks to the driver manager.
When the application requests a connection, the driver manager checks to see which DBMS the
data source uses and loads the appropriate DBMS driver into memory. The driver manager also
checks the format of the ODBC requests coming from the application program. The DBMS
driver processes the ODBC requests and submits the SQL statements to the data source. The
driver also ensures that the responses coming from the data source are in appropriate ODBC
format.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439-441
182) What are the different types of conformance levels within the ODBC standard, and why do
they exist?
Answer: There are two types of conformance levels within the ODBC standard—ODBC
conformance and SQL conformance. ODBC conformance deals with the features and functions
that are available to the application program through the DBMS driver API. The SQL
conformance standard deals with the SQL statements, expressions, and data types that the driver
can process. The reason for these levels is to accommodate the varying ability of different
vendors to comply with the power and expressiveness of the ODBC standard and the SQL
language. Without these different levels of compliance, the ODBC standard would either be too
simple to be very useful, or too rigorous for many vendors to comply with.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 441-442
183) Why is the decomposition of the features and functions of a DBMS into different objects an
advantage for OLE DB?
Answer: First, by breaking the features of the DBMS into different objects, vendors have the
option of implementing only a portion of their product in OLE DB. This is significant since the
all-or-nothing approach required with ODBC was a major disincentive to vendors because of the
large investment necessary to achieve ODBC compliance. OLE DB allows the vendor to increase
their OLE DB participation in a piecemeal fashion. Second, it allows vendors to create multiple
interfaces to their products that have different properties and methods exposed. This improves
flexibility for data consumers since they can select an interface that only provides the methods
they need, and it is more flexible for data providers since they can change the implementation of
an interface without negatively impacting their data consumers.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 449-453
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184) What is ADO.NET and what is an ADO.NET DataSet?
Answer: ADO.NET is an improved and expanded version of Active Data Objects (ADO).
ADO.NET handles the transformation of XML documents between the documents and
associated relational databases. ADO.NET can also create and process in-memory databases
called datasets. ADO.NET uses ADO.NET data providers, which are class libraries of ADO.NET
services, to communicate with (1) Oracle, (2) SQL server and (3) any OLE DB-compliant
DBMS. (The information necessary to write ADO.NET class libraries is publicly available so
that other data providers may be written.) An ADO.NET dataset is an in-memory database
maintained by ADO.NET. Datasets have all the characteristics, features and functions of regular
databases, but an ADO.NET DataSet is disconnected from the database. This allows ADO.NET
to manipulate the dataset without changing the associated database until ADO.NET is ready to
make changes.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 453-457
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188) Briefly describe PHP.
Answer: PHP, which is an abbreviation for PHP: Hypertext Processor, is a popular scripting
language that can be embedded in Web pages. PHP allows users to connect to databases, run
SQL commands against the databases, and then process the results of the SQL commands for
display on Web pages. PHP commands are enclosed in <?php and ?> elements.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 461-468
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193) What is an XML Schema?
Answer: An XML schema defines the structure and content of XML documents. It is similar to a
DTD specification, but better because it extends the DTD specification. Further, an XML
Schema is itself an XML Schema, so no other syntax is needed. Since you can evaluate an XML
document against its schema, and since XML Schemas are XML documents, you can evaluate
XML Schemas. The "schema of all schemas"—which is the ultimate source of XML Schema
validation—is located at www.w3.org. Schemas consist of elements and attributes, and elements
may be simple or complex. A good rule to follow is that elements should carry data and attributes
should carry metadata.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492-493
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