Power Transmission and Distribution

PSS®SINCAL
Benefits from advanced network planning procedures

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL
System Planning for all Fields

Power Water Gas District Heating

Network analysis and planning

Weak points

Optimal structures

Cost effective networks

Multi Windowing
Diagrams for
Visualizing

Network Analysis steady state and dynamic

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Embedding PSS®SINCAL into IT Environment

Metering
SCADA

Assets

Mainte
nance
ERP
GIS
…
Data Bus - (virtual) Data Ware House - Middle ware IEC 61970 - CIM/XML

Standard Interfaces:
•GIS Smallworld
(Mettenmeier) CIM/XML

Tabular Editor

Evaluations
PSS®

Calculation

Messages
•DVG

Diagrams

(Crystal )
methods

Reports
•UCTE

GUI
•PSS E
•Adept SINCAL
•Viper
•NETOMAC
Interfaces (API,COM)

CIM-Exchange ….
•ODMS
Object oriented access layer (models, methods, cases)
EXCEL-Import

Scripting COM-Interfaces: Data base access layer

(any language)
Data
Customized: SINCAL DB Dictionary
SCADA
Input data
GIS
ERP elements protection macros
…. Graphic data

Customized Results
Applications Workspace global / local global / local global / local
XML E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
SQL-DB Libraries
 PSS®SINCAL Modules – Electricity Networks

Basic Modules Enhanced Modules Time Domain Frequency Domain Protection Strategy

Load
LoadFlow
Flow Load
LoadFlow
Flow Motor
MotorStart
Start Ripple
RippleControl
Control Distance
DistanceProtection
Protection Reliability
Reliability
Balanced
Balanced Unbalanced
Unbalanced

Short
Short Circuit
Circuit3-Phase
3-Phase Overcurrent
Overcurrent Time Cost
Cost Calculations
Time
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 Multiple
MultipleFault
Fault Stability
Stability Harmonic
Harmonic Response
Response Protection Calculations
Protection
or
orPreload
Preload

Short
Short Circuit
Circuit2-Phase
2-Phase Dimensioning
Dimensioningofof Electromagnetic
Electromagnetic Generation
Generation and
and
Protection
ProtectionSimulation
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 LV
LV Networks
Networks Transients
Transients EMT
EMT
Simulation
Load
LoadProfile
Profile
or
orPreload
Preload

Short
Short Circuit
Circuit1-Phase
1-Phase Compensation Arc
Compensation Contingency Eigenvalues
Eigenvalues ArcFlash
FlashHazard
Hazard
IEC
IEC//VDE
VDE //ANSI
ANSI// G74
G74 Optimization
Optimization ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis
or Load
LoadDevelopment
Development
orPreload
Preload
Load
LoadAllocation
Allocation(Trim)
(Trim) Graphical
Graphical Model
Model Builder
Builder
Load
LoadBalancing
Balancing FACTS
FACTSModels
Models
Transformer
TransformerTap
TapDetection
Detection BOSL
BOSL// Netcad
Netcad
Optimal
Optimal
Optimal
Optimal Branching
Branching Network
Network Structures
Structures
Load
LoadFlow
FlowOptimization
Optimization Generic
Generic Wind
WindModels
Models Line
LineConstants
Constants

-K2 S5 EB6 NA-B

t [sec] -K2 S7 EB3 RSZ3n kv a
K2 S2 EB2 3WN6
K2 S7 EB7 3UA42-2C
2.0 t [s]
K2 S1 EB1 7SJ512
104

1.5
103

1.0
EB14
2
10
EB2
0.5 EB11
EB14 EB2 EB12 EB10 EB12
1
EB5
10
EB10
0.0
S1 SS1 EB11 SS3 EB5 SS2 Abg1
1
-0.5

-1.0 10-1

-1.5 -2
10

-2.0
-3
Z[Ohm]
10
-1 1 2 4 5
I [A]

10 1 10 10 103 10 10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
Schutzstrecke: EB14 [S1,Abg1]

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS™SINCAL Modules - Pipe Networks

Gas Water District Heating

Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Steady
SteadyState
State Steady
SteadyState
State Steady
SteadyState
State

Water
Water
Tower
TowerFilling
Filling

Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Dynamic
Dynamic Dynamic
Dynamic Dynamic
Dynamic

Gas
Gas Water
Water District
District Heating
Heating
Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis Contingency
ContingencyAnalysis
Analysis

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Presentation of Calculation Results
Protocol in Crystal Reports

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Presentation of Calculation Results
Result evaluation in tabular view

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Presentation of Calculation Results
Display at Element Location

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Presentation of Calculation Results
Results in the Network Map- Short Circuit

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Presentation of Calculation Results
Results in the Network Map- unbal. Loadflow

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Presentation of Calculation Results
Network with coloured Results

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Diagram Comparison for Different Variants

In the diagram system, diagram data from different variants can now be compared.

Fig: Dialog box for customizing diagrams

Fig: Voltage curve diagram with data from multiple variants

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Presentation of Calculation Results
Diagrams for Illustration

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Supporting Network Planning by common features

•Building catalogues for network parts or specific

outlet or busbar configurations

•Working with macros

working with multiple data bases at the same time
see them in separate windows
holding them synchronous
defining connetcion points between them

•Using variants
using tree structure for updates
maintaining the network changes
evaluate across different variants

•Defining batch procedures

•Programming with COM-Interfaces

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Macro usage

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Calculation of Transfer between Networks

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Supporting Network Planning with specific features

•Definition of areas, zones and other element groups

•Calculation of power exchange between areas

•Highlighting of element groups

•Calculation and display of ISO-Areas e.g. for load

density

•Positioning of Substation by load density criteria

•Feeder evaluation and documentation

•Load profiles (days, weeks ,year, common)

•Load increase in areas during time periods

•Cost calculation (elements with life time cycles)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Network Generation:
Load Density Visualization
On basis of the customer loads and
their location in the area a load
density visualization is done with „iso
regions“
With this it is possible to get a quick
overview about the load and feeding
situation.

red: high load density

green: low load density e.g. town centre
E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Iso area with load density and substation placement

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Feeder evaluation and documenation

•Feeder individually or per

substation
•Feeder documentation in
EXCEL sheets
•e.g. adjascent feeder
checking

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Feeder Evaluation

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Load density in areas with proposal for supply loops

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 load development during a long time period

load increase in areas with additional loads

load density in different

areas during a 10 years
investigation

2000 2005 2010

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Digitizing of Maps

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Background Graphics

.shp
.MrSid

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 From Data Collection to Results

Digitised Import from GIS

Import from Excel

PSS®E, etc.
PSS®SINCAL
Data Base
Results
Export to Excel

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Standard Interface between GE Smallworld and
PSS®SINCAL

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL – Network displayed in Google Earth

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL
Networks and Results displayed in Google Earth

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Modelling of Large Transmission Networks
in PSS®SINCAL

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL – Example: Schematic Network View

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Example: Network with synchronized
geographic and one-line diagram

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL Substion Model (with decluttering)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Wind Power Simulation

• Modeling of wind power plants and their effect

on the network:

• Connection and Grid Code Compliance Studies

Load flow, short-circuit, harmonics, protection and
dynamic simulations (RMS, EMT), fault ride through

• Connection models
AC-connections, HVDC, HSC-HVDC, DC-lines

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Wind Power Simulation

Modeling of wind power plants and their effect

on the network: PCC volta ge
(pu)
1.2 5

-1.2 5
1
MEL [pu]
WTG1

MMEC H [pu]
WTG1 0

Modeling of wind generators

-1
1
Y DREHZ [__]
WTG1
cppu

-1

Generic models for squirrel-cage and double-fed

4
P [MW ]
BRA 2
LT G3
Q [Mvar]
BRA 2 0
LT G3

-4

induction generators, direct driven synchronous

10 1
Y DRE HZ [__] Y DREHZ [__]
W TG1 WTG1
b eta vwf

0 0

-10 -1
4 5

generators (including pitch control, wind speed,

Q [Mv ar] Y VAR -Y [__]
C AP1 CAP 1
PCC NC

0 0

-4 -50 1.25 2.50 3.75 5.00 [s ]

SCIG SMIB test syste m - RMS - dT=1 - SCR=1000

crowbar, PWM controllers, etc.) are available.

Siemens AG, E D SE PTI SW

TES TNET 1
(R)
2009 -1 0-30 12 :19 Pr oduce d with PSS NETO M AC (Re gi stered trademark of S iemens A G)

Specific vendor models can be embedded.

wind
profiles
• user –defined models
(including machine model)
5
active pow er
stator + LSC
(MW )
reactiv e power
stator + LSC 0
(MVAr )

-5
5
active pow er
stator
(MW )
reactiv e power
stator 0
(MVAr )

-5
2
active pow er
LSC
(MW )
reactiv e power
LSC 0
(MVAr )

• Matlab Simulink® models

-2
2
active cu rr ent
stator + LSC
(pu)
reactiv e curren t
stator + LSC 0
(pu)

-2
2
crow bar t rigger

-2
1 .5
generato r speed

(pu)

-1 .50 0.25 0.5 0 0.7 5 1.0 0 [s ]

DFIG SMIB test system - RMS - dT=1 - SCR=1 00

Siemens AG, E D SE PTI SW

DFIG_TESTNET 1
20 09 -10-3 0 12 :28 Pr oduce d w ith PSS (R) NET OM AC (R e gi st ere d trade mark of S iemens A G)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 One PSS®SINCAL Element Model for all Tasks

The model complexity could vary from very simple (e.g. for short circuit) to normal (Load Flow or
Harmonics) and different levels of complexity for Dynamics (different PV models or wind)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Example: PSS®SINCAL Dynamics
in Unbalanced Networks with DER (PV, Wind,…)

simulates effects like:

•network stability, if a
wind generator at the
end of a feeder
disconnects from the
grid and grid is
unbalanced

or

•unbalanced faults
simulation in balanced
systems e.g.
according to grid code

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Smart Grid Simulation
(photovoltaic, fuel cells, batteries, …)
• Distributed generation (e.g. photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel
cells, batteries) and its effect on the network can be simulated.

• Single-phase loads and generation can be

modeled.

• Quasi-dynamic simulation of changes

in solar radiation or wind speed is
possible with generation/load profiles.

• Smart meter data can be integrated.

• Stability analysis (for balanced & unbalanced disturbances),

protection simulation, harmonic analysis, etc.

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Smart Grid Calculation

Smart Metering

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Smart Grid Calculation

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Smart Grid Calculation

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Smart Grid Calculation

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Solution for optimal Operation: Switching off back-
feeding Transformer by Network Protectors

meshed low voltage

network with (single
phase) DER

feed-back of transformers

sequential switch off

of transformers by NWP

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL has an linkage to MDMS system

Understand the actual networks

and evaluate specific events (post mortem)

Improve long term network planning

based on profile data for loads and generators

Develop more suitable „standard profiles“

for utility-specific clusters of customers.

Recognize different trends in the network at

an early stage

Support „Operation Planning“ :

Influence the network configuration based on the actual situation
Optimize the loading of elements due to the conditions of the last period
Shift investments to a later date

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via MeterReadService from Energy IP
Existing network model within the network planning
System PSS®SINCAL

All loads and generators linked to standard VWEW

profiles
2 loads represent the meters in the presentation wall,
are linked to these meters with specific profile names

On request load profiles from history are uploaded

from Energy IP system to SINCAL data base

PSS®SINCAL
SINCAL analyzes this specific day
Tabular Editor

Evaluations
Calculation

Messages
Diagrams

(Crystal )
methods

Reports
GUI

…. New, optimal network structures with additional

Object oriented access layer (models, methods, cases)

COM-Interfaces: Data base access layer equipment are evaluated

Data
SINCAL DB Dictionary
Input data
elements protection macros
Graphic data
Results
global / local global / local global / local
Workspace
XML
SQL-DB Libraries

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via MeterReadService from Energy IP
The network simulation gives you results for the
loading of the network and for the voltage ranges
during the day in every location
SINCAL also provides theme-maps for the whole
network e.g. for the voltage at different times

This will lead to optimized network configuration for

the future based on reliable evaluations

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Operation Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via the ActivityGateway of Energy IP

Existing network model within the network planning

System PSS®SINCAL
All loads and generators linked to standard VWEW
profiles and planning P and Q
2 loads represent the meters in the presentation wall,
are linked to these meters with the actual P and Q

On request via the ActivityGateway of EnergyIP the

average P and Q of the last ¼ h of the loads are
updated in the SINCAL data base

PSS®SINCAL
Tabular Editor

Evaluations

SINCAL simulates the actual situation of the network

Calculation

Messages
(Crystal )
Diagrams
methods

Reports
GUI

…. and optimizes the network configuration

Object oriented access layer (models, methods, cases)

COM-Interfaces: Data base access layer The operation planning can initiate suitable changes
SINCAL DB Data

Input data
Graphic data
Dictionary

elements protection macros

in the SCADA system
Results
Actual Customer Meter Data Workspace
global / local global / local global / local
XML
SQL-DB Libraries
E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Operation Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL
via the ActivityGateway of Energy IP
The network simulation gives you results
for the loading of the network and for the
voltage ranges for the near real time
situation

With a suitable network configuration a

change of parts of a feeder to an
adjacent feeder can optimize generation
and losses in the network

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Benefit for Utilities and Customers

With the better and actual knowledge of

the network situation gained out of the
customer and feeder data together with
the structure and operation planning the
networks can be optimized

Benefits

Save losses

Save investment cost

Save carbon pollution

May offer cheaper energy to the customers

Support new form of Micro Grids

Support new pricing models for customers (e.g. load shedding on demand)

Operate networks with a high content of distributed energy resources (DER)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL : Programming Interface
Open Structure

SINCAL 3.52 PSS™SINCAL 5xx

Open +
SINCAL DB SINCAL DB
Documentated
DB

+
VBA SINCAL COM
.NET
External Applications
could control PSS®SINCAL
by standard-API‘s VBS

DATA DATA + Methods

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL : Example Automation

Control of PSS®SINCAL by
Excel

Requirements:
• PSS®SINCAL V5xx
• MS Excel 2000

Tools:
• Visual Basic for Application
(VBA)
• Visual Basic Editor within Excel

Knowledge:
• SQL
• Visual Basic
• PSS®SINCAL DB-Structure

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
3D-Visualization – Load funnels

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
3D-Visualization – Load density and max load

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Good Reasons for PSS®SINCAL:
• Long history in power system planning, analysis and software
• Complete network analysis tool for electricity networks (radial/meshed,
balanced/unbalanced, all voltage levels) as well as gas, water
and district heat networks
• Powerful network analysis and planning tools with strong
graphical visualization & automated documentation capability
• Geographic and schematic networks diagrams are supported
• Good integration in work flows and with other IT-systems,
e.g. GIS (e.g. ESRI, Smallworld etc.), SCADA/DMS/EMS interfaces
• Numerous standard import and export formats, e.g. PSS E, CIM, Excel
• Easy to use („Plug and work“), online help, hotline support
• Trainings, customized workshops and user group meetings
• Continuous further development and regular updates

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
calculation of quality mixture from different
sources and time from source to node

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
contour plotting in pipe networks (load density)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Contour plotting of elevation of nodes

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
longitudinal cuts through network

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
longitudinal cut: results

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
longitudinal cut for three different working points

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Water: filling of water tower within the day

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
day profile of at a defined node

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
display of problems in supply

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 longitudinal cut:
forward and reverse flow (heating)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
Tasks

Tasks:
Determination of currents, voltages and powers
within electrical networks
- within operation
- within failure of operation equipment
- while changing of loads
Restrictions:
no overloading or operation equipment
voltages within the voltage range
machines within controler ranges
Determination of weak points

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
constant Power or constant Impedance

A ZAB B

I
constant
UG = const. UL power
S = 3 x UL x J = const. S = const.

A ZAB B

I
UG = const. UL Z constant
impedance
UL²
S=
2 Z
UL
S = S100% (U ) 100%
Z = const.

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Loadflow
Loadflow - Iteration Methods

S*SOLL
Y • U(y) = Current - Iteration
*(y-1)
U

δP δP
|U| ∆Θ ∆P
δΘ δ|U|
Newton-Raphson • =
δQ δQ ∆|U|
|U| ∆Q
δΘ δ|U| |U|

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
Load and generation profile modelling

load or generation
profile

simultaneity factor

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Load Flow – Day Profiles

Working with day curves

(different types, 96-1/4h-values)

Calculating power from energy

Working with diversity factors
Losses at the transformer in kWh

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
Tasks

Determination of the max. and min values at.:

1-
2-
3-
} phase short circuits

according to VDE 0102/1/90 eg. IEC 909 or 2002

for system configuration, thermic and dynamic

dimensioning of switching devices,
protection coordination
interference,
method of neutral-point connection

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
Stress in case of short circuit

current
Ik“ thermic stress

iP mechanical stress
upper envelope curve
2 √ 2 Ik"

DC component
iP

2√2 Ik= 2√2 Ik"

A

time

switching off time: 0,1s...1s

lower envelope curve

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit
with Preload

Loadflow Superposition

Short Circuit: Feed back Short Circuit with Preload

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
Tasks

Protection Devices

– must carry load current

– must switch off faults selectively

Combination:

Loadflow
1 - phase short circuit

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
protection area is limited by two fuses

1. Time step
In2
Σ Ik1 > k ( In1 + In2 )
In1 Σ Ik1

2. Time step
Ik2
In1 < k
In1 Ik2

3. Time step

Ik3
In2 <
k
Ik3 In2

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning
Contradictions

Load current > rated current of fuse ( Insi ) ( existent )

Load current > max. permissable Insi according to neutralization
Rated current of existing fuse Insi > max. perm.Insi according to
neutralization

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL Multiple Faults
Combination of Faults

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL Stability (ST)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
PSS®SINCAL Electromagnetic Transients (EMT)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 System Overview

®
Graphical input with NETCAD :

System components,
Machines, Shafts,
Grid- and machine controllers,
Control units

Load flow only Short circuit calculation Load flow

Initial conditions Load flow IEC or ANSI Operating point

System in a-b-c Single line network

Graphical output
All elements by Complex admittances of results with System linearization
differential equations Symmetrical components
Non-linearities Fundamental frequency
NETCAD

Time domain Time domain Frequency domain

Frequency domain Frequency domain
Instantaneous values Quasi steady-state values Eigenvalue analysis
all system variables Eigenvalue analysis
ns ... µ s ... ms ... s s ... min System oscillations

Electromechanical Special requirements, Frequency response Eigenvalue analysis

Observability, Controllability
phenomena e.g. interferences of tunnel 1 Resonances jΩ

Frequency [Hz] accessories by trains

75%
NEVA® Local modes 2.5Hz
50
Line feeder
10-2 Degree of compensation
48.5
Return path
Power System 2 - System 1 [MW] Chain
65
Wall
10
-4 G5
0 G3
G2 G4
Rails Cable duct System Inter-area modes
Voltage System 1 and 2 [%] Generator G6
100 Earthing strip 0.5Hz
G1 σ
85 1

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Program Modes

Stability Mode
1.5
LE-Volt [ pu]
Frequency Response
AE

0.0

1000
P [ MW]
SL5-2

1.5

VOLTAGE 0 1
NODE AE DIF-Volt[ pu]
IN P.U. 110KVT2. R
BETR.SIE R
0

0.0
-1000 -1
75
THETA [ Deg]
GT5MVA
THETA [ Deg]0
DT2.5MVA
VOLTAGE AND
-1.5 ACTIVE PO
-75 R
1 1
0.0 Q 1.5[ pu] P [ pu] 3.0 4.5 6.0 SEC
GT5MVA LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)
GT5MVA
1000 SIEMENS AG, EV NP SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000, FREQUENCY CONTROOLED
ACTIVE POWER
AT AE IN MW 0 0 PAGE
SVC_DEMO . 1
15.9.1999 21:08 Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG

-1 -1
1
MMECH [ pu]
0 GT5MVA
MEL [ pu] 0
GT5MVA

-1
1 1
+ 0.7 pu LE-Volt [ pu]
BETR.SIE R
-1000
- 0.7 puAND 0
VOLTAGE 0
ACTIVE POWER
NODE AE
-1 -1
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SEC 5
LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC) IA_HV [ pu]
SIEMENS AG, EV NP 3PHASE SC AT F-L7 CLEARED BY OPENING SL7-1 AND SL7-2 AFTER 0.256SEC. GT5MVA
SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000 FREQUENCY CONTROLLED
SVC_DEMO_K PAGE : 1 0
Generatorgrößen
Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
Bild 1 von 1

Transient Mode SIEMENS AG, EV NP

DOKUNEU
-50.0 0.4
TESTRECHNUNG (DOKU)
0.8

Übergang Momentanwertteil - Stabilitätsteil

Erstellt mit NETOMAC für Windows
SIEMENS AG EV_NP2-dn0040/Ru
1.2 1.6

1
SEC

Transient ↔
15.9.1999 21:01 Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG

Stability Mode

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 Useful Tools for Increase of Application Efficiency

Identification / Optimization Variant Calculations

Automated processes for variant investigations

Recognition algorithms for

unknown quantities

Complete System

Other Data / Formats

Importfilter
Exportfilter
Interactive Simulation Relevant Network
PSS/
supports Training Dynamic Netreduction NETOMAC

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 NEVA - Visualization of Power Systems Oscillations


NEVA  - Are
All Results
NEVA -various
variousrepresentations
representationsof
Visualized in NEVAr
ofresults
results
Sample Results
SAPP WSCC
(South African Power Pool)
(Western Systems Coordinating Council)

WY CO
MT
WA BC
CA UT
AB
Chile AZ NM
ID
ME NV OR

0.70 Hz -0.03 j4.06 rad/sec

f = 0.65 Hz
0.65 Hz
0.60 Hz

0.30 Hz

Geographical
GeographicalMode
ModeShape
Shape
SECP NETS
(Southeast China Power) (New England Test System)

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs
 NEVA - Controller Siting

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Static Var Compensator (SVC)

∆ω rotor _ speed ∆VBus bus _ voltage, line _ power
G( s) = = G( s ) = =
∆VPSS excitation_ voltage Residues
Residue (incl. O. and C.) ∆QSVC reactive_ power _ SVC

PL (MW) without TCSC

with fixed series compensation

with TCSC

0.3 Hz
0.3 Hz
interarea
interarea
mode
mode

Thyristor Controlled Series Superconductive Magnetic Energy

Capacitor (TCSC) Storage (SMES)
∆PL line _ power ∆ω bus _ frequency
G( s ) = = G( s ) = =
∆BL suspectan ce _ TCSC ∆PSMES active_ power _ SMES

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 Automatic Test and Optimization of Protection
Equipment

Hardware PC
System- Interface Interface
response

Amplifiers
NETOMAC

Digital
A
D Real-Time-
Simulator

Relay D/A - Converter

Digital Network Model PC

 Simulation of your real network conditions for the protection and

controller tests
 Test continuation also after the first system response (e.g. Autoreclosure)
 Realtime simulation of processes with complex fault conditions (e.g.
Double-earth fault)

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 PSS®NETOMAC Light
Testing of an Exciter Controller

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 PSS®SINCAL
optimal Branching
S335

S440

V395
7
S43

V40 S340
0
3
V39
0
V39

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 PSS®SINCAL
optimal Branching

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 PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Frequency Dependency of the Elements

3. Usual approximations
Im { Z }
1. Lv = Lo and Rv = Ro
f
⇒ regardless of the frquency dependency
of the ohmic part
f
0.9
2. Lv = Lo v k and Rv = Ro • v k
⇒ nearly constant quality factor
f

3. Considering the
Skin and Proximity Effects Re { Z }

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 PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Harmonic Response and Polar Plot of a Network Point

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 PSS®SINCAL Harmonics
Voltage Disturbance at Node and Network Level

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Contingency Analysis

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 Reactive Power Optimization:
Capacitor Placement

– Optimum capacitor locations

– Capacitor rating

– Reduction in network losses

– Annual savings from reduced losses

– Return on investment period

– Result documentation in report

– Optional automatic creation of

proposed capacitors in the network.

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 Capacitor Placement

The aim of this optimization procedure is to reduce transmission losses by

adding capacitors. PSS SINCAL estimates the costs for the capacitors
and the expected savings from reducing transmission losses. Based on
costs and savings the "Return on Investment" can be determined.

The available capacitors as well as the nodes where these can be placed
need to be defined. The capacitor placement optimization procedure then
attempts to place available capacitors at those nodes where they will
produce the least possible network losses.

1 Available capacitors: 1 The following have been installed at Node 1:

10 * 0,1 MVA, 0,7 2* 0,1 MVA and 1 * 0,5 MVA

kV
2 2
The following have been installed at Node 2:
5* 0,5 MVA, 0,7
kV 2* 0,1 MVA and 1 * 0,5 MVA

Available insert nodes:

1 and 2

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Compensation Optimization

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 Transfomer Tap Calculation

Tap Zone Detection

Tap Zone Detection is a special load flow procedure for determining transformer tap positions
in feeders. PSS SINCAL attempts to set transformer tap positions at the feeders so that
the voltage for supplied consumers stays within the permitted voltage range for both
minimum and maximum load.
Basically, tap zone calculations combine a simple optimization with load trimming for minimum and
maximum operating states.
The results of tap zone calculations provide the optimal transformer tap positions as well as the
load flow results for minimum and maximum load.

Enhanced loads
with transformer
and measurements
…Measuring
devices

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 Transfomer Tap Calculation

-In the first step, the load is trimmed for both the minimum
and maximum values in the network. The network needs to
be analyzed topologically to determine how measuring
devices and loads are interconnected.
-With the help of the network topology, PSS SINCAL assigns
all loads "behind" a measuring device to it. Any number of
loads can be assigned to a measuring device.
-Loads with measurements are included in the tap zone
detection. Loads without measurements remain with their
prescribed power as constant load in the network.

- After load trimming, two load flow calculations are

performed for both minimum and maximum loads.
- The load flow results are stored at the enhanced loads. -
- PSS SINCAL uses this data to determine the tap
position so that the transformer low-voltage side at the
enhanced load stays within the permitted voltage range
for both minimum and maximum load.
- The optimal transformer tap positions calculated are
prepared for all the nodes with attached enhanced loads

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 Transformer Tap Calculation

To visualize the results in a simple and clearly arranged manner, the evaluation type tap zone
positions can be used to color the network diagram. Network areas with the same transformer
tap positions are colored in identical colors.

The load flow results are prepared for both minimum and maximum load.

To precisely evaluate transformer tap positions, PSS SINCAL has special voltage curve
diagrams to show voltage curves at feeders

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 PSS®SINCAL Ripple Control
Modells of Transmitter

Parallel Injection Series Injection

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 Reliability Analysis as Planning Tool

–– Additional
Additionalplanning
planningtool
tool
–– Quality
Qualitystatement
statementfor
forcustomers
customers Non availability
Non availability
–– Basis
Basisfor
forrisk
riskassessment
assessment 10
10
–– Support
Supportforformaintenance
maintenancemanagement
management
8
8
6
–– Identification
Identificationofofweak
weakpoints

m in /a
6
points

m in /a
4
4
2
2
0
0
Significance of reliability analysis Exist
Exist
V1
V1
Variant
V2
V2
V3
V3
Variant

Reliability
indices
Interruption
Interruptionfrequency
frequency HHu 1/a
1/a
u
Mean
Meaninterruption
interruptionduration
duration TTu hh
u
Unavailability
Unavailability QQu min/a
min/a
u
Performance
Performanceinterruption
interruption LLu MVA/a
MVA/a
u
Energy
Energynot
notsupplied
suppliedinintime
time WWu MVAh/a
MVAh/a
u
Interruption
Interruptioncosts
costs KKu EUR/a
EUR/a
u

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 Example: Day ahead reliability assessment
without and with line shutdown for maintenance

Reference Case – Normal Operation

Absolute Non-
Non-Availability in min/a

Scenario – Line Shutdown for Maintenance

Absolute Non-
Non-Availability in min/a

0 min/a 25 min/a

0 min/a 25 min/a

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Influence of components to energy not delivered in time

100

f (E)
F (E)

80

60

Kabel Transformatoren Schaltanlagen

40

20

Extension: Variant A

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 PSS®SINCAL Reliability
Input and output data in network diagram

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 PSS®SINCAL Motor Starting
Input Data

- several motors running up at

different time
- Spezification of
load torque
motor torque
starting current
- variable-speed drive
possible

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PSS®SINCAL Motorstart (MA)

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 Overcurrent time protection

• Coordination of overcurrent time

protection devices
– Extensive overcurrent
protection device library:
» Overcurrent time relays
» Fuses and bimetal
switches
» MCBs and circuit
breakers

• Definition of user-defined
overcurrent time protection
characteristics and devices

• Stepped-event simulation of relay

starting and operation (including
back-up protection)

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 Distance protection

– Calculation of distance protection relay settings

based on different grading strategies

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 Depiction of protection simulation results

– Stepped-event simulation automatically determines the

protection device states if the network configuration changes,
e.g. change of short circuit current/impedance after
disconnection of one end of a parallel circuit

Tele-
protection red:
green:
tripped
started

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 Stepped-Event Fault Simulation in PSS®SINCAL

• Simulation determines automatically the state of operation of

overcurrent time and distance protection devices
• Changes in the network due to protection devise operation are
considered, i.e. each state of fault clearance sequence is
simulated
• Unwanted overload tripping conditions are checked
• Different fault locations are simulated
• Results are summarized in reports and visualized
graphically
• Warning messages indicate unsuccessful fault clearance
• Detailed step-wise analysis of fault events (e.g. back-up
protection)

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Results of stepped-event protection system
analysis

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 Protection Devices Management System
PSS®PDMS

PSS PDMS (Protection Device Management System) is a program for

the central management of protection devices and their settings. All the
data are stored in a central relational database for protection devices.

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 PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E
Graphic Model Builder (GMB)
• GMB supports modeling of AVRs, Exciters, and other models
• GMB created models are easily included in PSS®SINCAL and
PSS®E files
• Now model any vendor-supplied model

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 PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E
GMB “Wires Together” Control Blocks

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 PSS® SINCAL – Cost Calculation

• The objective of the Cost Calculation

is to determine the most economic
technical solution
• Investment, annual maintenance, de-
commissioning, energy costs; interest
rate, planning horizon, depreciation, etc.
are taken into account
• Costs can be assigned to network
elements or to station, feeder,
equipment and route model
• User-defined cost libraries are supported
• Costs comparison of planning horizon
based on net present value method

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 Cost calculation

Alternative A: 161 kV
power station substation
161 kV 161 kV 345 kV

2 x 500 MW 2 x 500 MVA

30 km
G

load

Alternative B: 345 kV Proposed solution

power station substation MDM

10
345 kV 345 kV
9
2 x 500 MW
30 km 8
G 7
6
G
5
2 x 500 MVA 4
3
2
1
load
161 kV 0
171 282 403 604
B1 B1 B3 B4
Conductor Cross Section in mm2

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 Optimal Network Structures

• The objective of this method is the determination

of optimal structures for medium-voltage
networks.

• The optimization considers minimum losses and

complies with technical limits (max. feeder load,
max. voltage drop, etc.), and determines the costs
of proposed Greenfield network structure.
• Picture 1
• Picture 1 shows an underlying route and station
model. Picture 2 shows the resulting identified
• optimal routes from network stations (representing
loads and downstream networks) to the primary
substations.

• Various optimization strategies are available and

resulting alternatives can provide a benchmark for • Picture 2
• the existing network.
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