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Contents
Guenter Prokoph, DL 5 NP
Fig. 2:
§ 61.MHZ
Blo ck schematic of the
Sll.J.-l t.6MHl
E 1l33-1353MH 1
• B
ve o
Me '<'5 152 p
. .~
Modulati on ~
~
sy nthesi zer
_. ~
~
.
. . j A- counl er I
• DL5NP
cha nn el T fR Shif t
channel separation is 25 kHz and the HF output channel-code selector switch, also takes into
power about 3 mW. The current consumption was account information such as, send 1 receive
kept under 10 rnA. change -over and working mode (simplex or
duplex). The integrated phase discriminator is
The heart of the frequency conditioning is the
supplemented by an external PI regulator in
Motorola IC MC 145 152 P. This is a CMOS
order to extract the control voltage. The control
integrated circuit, which, because of its very low-
voltage is superimposed on the modulating signal
current consumption, is particularly suitable for
on"transmit". An example of the A and N counter
bat1ery operation. Besides the considerable
programm ing will make this clearer:
circuitry of the phase discriminator, the chip
contains the reference oscillator with a selectable Assuming a VCO frequency of 145.350 MHz is
programmable divider (R-counter). Two further required. V = 145350 /25 . i. e. V = 5814. The
counters. A and N, are employed in the HF values for A and N are found by dividing V by 40.
divider, but they must be supplemented by the The integral proportion of the result gives the
addition of an external input divider. programming for N and the remainder amounts to
A. In the example: 5814 / 40 = 145 remainder 14.
Fig . 2 shows how the MC 145 152 P chip fits into
N is set to 145, A to 14.
the whole concept. The phase-comparator
reference signal at 25 kHz is taken from dividers Now for the circuit details: The VCO uses the
driven by a 6.4 MHz crystal oscillator. The VCO BF 606 A PNP transistor (T 1). This has the
output is taken to a high-speed divider which, advantage that the frequency-determin ing tuned-
dependent on the mode-inpu t level, divides the circuit inductance is connected directly to earth,
frequency by 40 or 41. As well as the A and N thus obviating problems with decoupling compo-
counters, the PLL chip contains a programmable nents. The oscillator operates in a common-base
HF divider. Its division ratio V is calculated: circuit with capacitive feedback from collector to
V = 40 N + A where N and A are adjustable emit1er. The power output depends upon the
division ratios for the requisite counter. transistor working-point and can be varied by
altering the value of R 25. The capacitive diodes
These selections are carried out by a frequency allow a tuning range from approx imately 130 to
selection logic which, besides the set1ing of the 150 MHz. The HF energy for transmit1er and
4
VHF-CO MMUNICATIONS 1/86
receiver is taken from the tuned circuit by means smoothed VCO control signal is available at the
of a coupling coil. output (pin 6). The AC combination R 21 / C 11
reduces the influence of the op-amps. internal
The high-speed divider (I 7) is capacitively
noise . C 12 is an HF decoupling capacitor. The
coupled to the low-impedance emitter of the
modulating audio signal is fed via C 10 to the VCO
oscillator transistor. The Plessey low-power ECl
input in the "transmit" condition .
chip SP 8793 is employed here: This integrated
circuit can work with input signals up to 225 MHz The frequency selection logic is realized by the
whilst requiring only an input power of 26 mW. use of only three CMOS binary adders (ICs 1, 2
Depending on the logic level on pin 1, the applied and 3). They convert the BCD coding of the
frequency will be divided either by 40 or 41. The channel-selector switch (chan. 00 = 144.000
resulting signal of about 3.5 MHz is fed, via C 22, MHz, chan. 79 = 145.975 MHz) into binary logic.
into the MC 145152P input. The frequency shift for the receiver local oscillator
on "receive" and in "radio relay" operation is also
The crystal Q 1, two capacitors and a trimmer
provided here. On the "receive" condition the
complete the integrated circuit oscillator . The
local-oscillator signal lies 10.7 MHz under the
reference oscillator can be adjusted exactly to its
receive frequency. The Tx / Ax change-over
nominal frequency of 6.4 MHz by means of the
switching is carried out by a high-level on the
trimmer. The 6.4 MHz synchronizing signal is
middle contact of the simplex / duplex selection
divided by 256 in the A-counter . The resulting
switch. This potential is taken via R 11 from the
signal is available for the control of the phase
receiver supply.
comparator. The adjustment of the A-counter's
division factor is accomplished by an appropriate In radio relay operation the transmit channel must
wiring of the three AA inputs of the MC 145 152 P. be selected. The receive frequency is raised
logic 1 may be achieved by simply leaving the 600 kHz higher. This has the advantage that it is
pins concerned open, as integrated pull-up possible to listen on the lower band merely by
resistors have been provided for all logic inputs. switching to simplex. The displace ment is not
possible for all channels as eventually the adder
At the outputs <I> A and <I> V of the Pll chip the will overflow. For the relay frequencies A 0 to A 9
control information is available. According to the this effect does not occur. Besides this, the
preset deviation of the VCO from its nominal possibility of working outside the two metre band
frequency, short negative impulses appear at is avoided.
either one of the two pins. Unfortunately short The voltage stabilizer uses a circuit with a pro-
impulses occur at both outputs even in the "lock" grammable shunt regulator (I 6) and a field-
condition. The length of each impulse is only effect transistor (T 2). Using this type of circu it
120 ns and the repetition frequency is 25 kHz. ensures that the difference between regulated
These impulses would overextend the dynamic and unregulated inputs does not adversely
common-mode suppres sion of the following influence the stabilisation greatly (battery operat-
operational amplifier. This would result in a ion!). The stabilized voltage at the FET' s source is
break-through onto the control output and about 8 V. The 5 V supply potential for the ECl
thereby causing an undesirable frequency divider is obtained via T 3. An lED may be added
modulation of the VCO frequency. The capacitors to the transistor collector circuit without any
C 4 and C 5 are largely effective in attenuating additional current consumption as an "on"
these short impulses. The behaviour of the indicator.
control, however , is barely affected by these small
capacitors.
2.2. Receiver
The PI regulator itself, contains the low-power
operational amplifier chip lM 4250 (I 5). Its The receiver concept uses the double super-
current consumption may be adjusted by a heterodyne principle with IF 1 at 10.7 MHz and
resistor connected from pin 8 to ground. It has IF 2 at 455 kHz. At an input sensitivity of less
been set, in this case, to less than 1 mAoThe than 0.2 IJ. V the current consumption is under
5
~ ---- VHF ·CO MMUN ICAT IONS 1/86
Fig . 3:
Component mounting
plan 01 th e two -Bided
PCB DL5NP 001
Upon assembly of the compone nts. care should component side. Drillings not marked with a dot
be exercised to keep all conne ctions as short as should be chamfe red with a 3 mm drill on the
possible . The upper side of the PCB is unetched component plan in order to prevent componen t
copper and serves as the ground plane. Ac- leads from contacting ground. The given orienta-
cordingly. most ground conn ections must be tion of upright soldered resistors should be
made on the component side . The drillings for strictly followed as their connec ting wires may be
these ground connections are shown in the used as solder-tags for exte rnal connections.
component plan of fig . 3 as a solid dot. In order to The construction should follow complete circuit
ease the construction , a proportion of the ground lines in order that a systematic testing may be
wiring is made on the track side of the PCB. In undertaken as the construction progre sses. This
such cases , just one through connection to the procedure can save elaborate testing for faults
groun d plane per track will suffice. Components on a fully constructed unit. The chokes and coils
carrying RF, however , should be soldered to the are made accord ing to the sketches of f ig . 4.
Neosid 7V1
nL+J £ ec.
pri m.
Ch .1
4 tu r ns 0,3 CuL
an 4mm VHF care
Ch .2
P\
S. O.3 Cul
8
VHF·COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
3.1. Synthesizer Constructio n very difficult to remove . When the wire bridges 141
pin 3 - C 25, C 25 - I 21pin 16 are completed , the
First of all, the voltage stabilizers and VCO
whole frequency-qeneration chain may be tested .
components are mounted . The lED indicator
may also be wired in at this point. The correct Alte r switching in the suppy voltage, the VCO
sense of the coils should be noted when winding must be adjusted to a frequency of 144.000 MHz.
l 1. The ground connection of the coupling loop Small departures from this may be taken up by
should be soldered to the PCB ground plane C 1. The carrier can be monitored with a two
(upper side). This is not difficult when using a metre receiver. The two code-selection switches
sharply tipped soldering iron. The connect ion are wired-in and the output frequency can be
tabs on the screening can must be removed as switched from channel to channel. The tuning
the can is soldered directly to the ground plane. voltage at the output of I 5/pin 6 to l 1 must be
Alter connecting the supply voltage of 10 V, the adjusted to 5 V when channel 79 (145.975 MHz)
stabilizer may be tested for correct operat ion. has been selected. Now the duplex/simplex
The voltage at the source of T 2 should be ap- switch may be added.
proximately 8 V when the stabilizer is loaded with, When the middle contact of this switch is connec-
at least, the VCO. The voltage at the emilter of T 3 ted to the CMOS supply voltage , the VCO should
should be approx imately 5 V. The l ED does not jump to the receiver local-oscillator frequency.
indicate, at this stage, as no current is flowing Operation of the switch causes the channels 40 to
through T 3. 49 (ROto R9) to change in frequency by 600 kHz.
To test the VCO, a frequency counter is con- When all of these tests have been satisfactorily
nected to the coupling coil of l 1. A provision al completed then the synthesizer may be con-
diode tuning-voltage, variable between 2 and 6 V sidered as working normally.
(normally supplied by a potentiometer accross
the supply voltage), is connected via R 22. The
core of l 1 is then adjusted for a tuning range of
about 130 to 150 MHz. If this range cannot be 3.2. Recei ver Construction
achieved, C 17 may be removed . When tuning the
The components for the receiver are mounted
core, the utmost care must be used as it is easily
on the PCB from lelt to right. The crystal Q 2 cover
broken and tends to jam in the coil former. A cor-
and the crystal filter cover are soldered directly to
rectly-filt ing screw driver should be used (or
the PCB ground plane (top side). The same goes
better still, the correct size of trimming tool).
for the pre-amplifier transistor BFT 66 and the
If all is satisfactory , the construction may proceed cold ends of coils l3 and l 4. The coil kits must be
with the ECl divider SP 8793 and associated correcnv constructed and aligned with the
components . In the interests of avoiding p..ira - appropriate PCB drillings hefore the screening
sitics no IC holder is used , the IC being soldered cans are filted. Also, the transmit/r eceive-switch
directly into position. Pin 1 of the IC is temporarily components around T 3, T 4 and T 5 must be
connected to ground . At pin 3 the output (input put in at this stage. The connections to the
divided by 40) may be seen with an oscilloscope loudspeaker and squelch potentiometer are
or a counter. The temporary earth on pin 1 may made with a small diameter screened AF cable.
then be removed. The A 1 4 transformer , consisting of 33 em of
The locating of the rest of the synthesizer's RG174U, is connected at the receiver end only,
the free end being used provisionally as a re-
components may then proceed. The author
ceiver test input. Between the accessible con-
soldered these directly to the board but if IC
necting wires of R 46 and R 54, combination
holders are used , they must be of very high
quality which permit grounding on the compone nt
o 7/R 45 is inserted. The latter components
should be covered by a piece of insulated
side. In any case, great care must be used in
sleeving.
effecting and soldering the ground connections
as in the event of mistakes the IC, or - holder, is When all the requisite wire bridges (flg .5) have
9
VHF·COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
,/ loudspea ker
Vol.-Pcb
ol.-Poti
1
Ant. Fig . 5:
Connections, w ire bridges and
co mpo nents on the PCB
1 1 sa-poll
LED .(j
\\ \ \ t\\ \ I
U S/Ds W
'ich\ Duplex!" Simp lex E8 E4 1Ez r 2.-J
Z4 ZZ Z1 I E1
been wired-in, the receiver alignment and testing tran smission (e.g. a radio relay station etc.)
can commence. For amateurs possessing the When this is being done , the corre ct position of
necessary test instruments, signal generator, the simplex/duplex switch must be made . The
sweeper etc., the alignme nt will present few tran smitter should already be heard in the
problems. Those not so fortuna te as to have loudspeaker. Inductances L 2, L3, and L 4 are
access to test equipment should adhere to the then adjusted in turn for the best possible recep-
following procedure: tion . For an indicator, an osc illoscope can be
connected to the 455 kHz output of the ceramic·
First check the function of the transm it/receive
filter. FL 3 is then adjusted for the best intel-
change-over. The receiver's 8 V supply will be
ligibility. The tuning is repeated , but this time,
present until the PTT-switch contacts are ground -
when the receiver has been tuned to a weak
ed , thereby simulating the "transmit" condition.
signal. If the loudspeaker output is insufficient,
P 1 is set to minimum and P 2 to maximum . The
a 10 Jl. F tantalum capacitor may be connected
loudspeaker will emit some noise which, with
between the pin 1 (+ Vel and pin 8 of the LM 386 .
FL 3, can be tuned to maximum.
It must be pointed out , however, that operating
The antenna can now be connected and the code the rece iver at a high audio output level will tend
switch operated to select a high-signal level to run-down the batteries so much quicker .
10
VHF-COMMUNICATIO NS 1/86
con t r o l s 1 ; [11
;;'
WG O]
J "........
- OGO
ri\
tbd
L7
- 'CIT I
printed circuit boa rd
n ~ I ~ W-
~ (1\- ,/ I
l- -W~
<0 I
s T
~ I/ EB--II
;;; <0
~ ~
3 ~
~ A
h -1- I
I I 7 I ;:, I N
I.n
0
~I ~$Tffi
. _ I.n
B x 225DK Z ~ 1 ~I \J7
bat t e r ie s
I
I _L
in
L.-_
' - 10
- - '_ .......:...._ ---'I-L
3.3 Construction of the Transmitter too early, the gain may be reduced by a re-
sistance in the microphone lead.
Basically the same rules of construction apply to
the transmitter as to the other parts of the trans-
ceiver. Inductors L 5 and L 6 are installed without
a core. Take care that transistor T s 's case does
not contact ground . The cooling of this transistor 4.
is effected by means of an appropriately bent tin- HOUSING THE TRANSCEIVER
plate heat sink. 0 9 is not installed for the moment.
Instead, a power meter (or an SWR meter plus
dummy load) is connected to the output of the The author used a tin-plate box WB 13, dimen-
pi-filter. The PIT-switch contacts are bridged and
sions 148 x 74 x 30 rnrn, for the housing. The
L 7 and C 57 are iterated until a maximal output
PCB is soldered, at its sides, to the housing for the
power has been tuned . A power of about 600 mW
necessary mechanical stability. In order to in-
should be achieved . The antenna change -over
can now be completed. Capacitor C 66 is
soldered directly to the antenna socket. The .5
tuning of the transmitter power stage and receiver
Dl 5NP
input circuit should now be checked once more.
The transmitter deviation is best adjusted with 1---4--<l>-----l~
the aid of another station's signal report. The
frequency response may be adjusted by chang- 13 ~COII.
~ 47n Op l 50k T 10
ing the values of C 10 and C 60 if it should be
necessary to compensate for the characteristics
1
of the electret microphone . If the limit comes in Fig . 7 : A stable call-tone generator
11
VHF-COMMUN ICATIONS 1/86
Fig. 8: Prototype showing als o part-view of cover containing batteries and microphone
crease the mounting area, available for the oscillator circuit, at a frequency of 448 kHz,
operating control components , part of the tin- somewhat under its midband frequency. After a
plate lip was removed at appropriate points. The division by 256, the 1750 Hz call-tone frequency
code switch had to be shortened , with a fret-saw, is obtained . Operating the call button the trans-
in order to make it fit. Further details of the mitter automaticall y modulates. The deviation
construction may be seen from fi g. 6. Other can be adjusted by the 50 k n potentiometer.
forms of packaging are, of course , possible but
they all must be of metal on account of the
necessary RF screen ing required.
6.
REFERENCES
5.
CALLING-TONE FACILITY
(1) Motorola:
Data Book
RF Semiconductors 1980
A signal from a call generator is easily introduced
to the collector of T 10. The generator may be (2) Texas Instruments:
constructed on a piece of veroboard and mounted Linear Circuits Data Book 1984
pick-a-back style on to the main board. Many (3) Plessey Semiconductors:
call-tone circuits (e.g. using the NE 555) have SP 8000 High Speed Dividers
been published and the author used the one Integrated Circuits Handbook 1982
shown in fig . 7. This proved particularly stable as (4) Motorola:
far as temperature was concerned . A ceramic CMOS Data Manual Special
resonator SFB 455 (Murata) is driven , in the 4060 Functions 1983
12
VHF-COMMUNICAT IONS 1/86
The attached circuit schematic should pro ve of the 78L05 regulator. which supplies the
a valuable accessory to those enthusiasts required regulated + 5V to the 1st and 3rd stages.
who desire means of measuring 400-1300 The decoupled 12V input is fed to the OM36 1
MHz with an excellent degree of sensit iv it y, which requires same for correct operation. The
combined with simple frequency counter broadband tuning on the input of the OM361 will
modifications, wh ich correct the dis pl ay help improve the pick-up sensitivity at 1296 MHz,
reading in conjunction with the prescaler and whilst no accurate sensitivity figures are
division of 256. I.e. if the probe in put fre - available. the 1152 MHz diode multiplier in the
quency is 1296 MHz then the co unte r di splay author's 1296 MHz receive converter is easily
also indicates th is value. sensed and would only be a few milliwatts.
Brec- th is li n e
M HZ --GJ-0
. :0-0
. ~
10011 10k 1k 100 J .nser t s'. ltc h 10 , HZ 0 el ls -Ing
~ :10 1 1
.10 .10 .10 . 10 : 10 _ '"9 't ,''00''
90 eese
Osc : , r
• I : : J 90625 0 390625 HZ
:
. tlormal '
----..
l __ ,
Timebase Mod s
Cer r ec ts O,\ pl o ,
:GJ----GJ
~ :16
Pr Ob
:16 •
---;9061S HI
ZL 2 TVT
reading ..hen Prob f' n use
+5 V
f .In 10 kHz
"'1 Is
1.Im3l-"--_ _ ~,. j 7493
12 ~9.
1 __0625f out Hz
•
~
ILJ.~
TTL
'-:-;-::'":'"":':'-
2 L...3~
---'
I
...L
f ·In -
_'1 f
out
ZL2 TVT
+5to15V
_'S fout
15
CJ)
z
o
f=
..:
o
Z
:J
:2
:2
oo
u,
:c
>
Fig . 3: Photograph showing the intern al view of the described Probe Scaler
<
I
"T1
0
0
;::
;::
C
Z
()
/
:>
-i
! is
z
7 en
03
(J)
Q ';·1jgf"~
, :.~ f
~ ','"
Guenter Sattler, OJ 4 LB
dBm
OH LB
---
·1 0
--- ,
I ·-'T
I
- 10
I
I /1
I I
V
- ]0
"' :----'
V
v-- I
I Fig . 1:
Dynamic ran ge versu s
I I frequen cy of the SDA 3202.
01 0' 06 O! to 1.1 12 13 U t5 1.6 GHz Up to 950 MHz ; give n in the
data shee t.
18
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
~ U.
D
P
EF
- [>- c .vice r
-- prog div ide r phas e- t r eq
~Jv-"
D
r
P= 8 N .: 256 16383 compara t or
UH FI
V HF
,---
TO
I.=! wn . 51
o1
OSC
4
f----
divid e r
Q.: 512
I
o2
MH z
I fre t , cv
T1
'--- I
LATCH 011 LATCH ,
drv tsrcn r a tio
I control- by te 1
I
t
Cl t
SDA
bus con trol
~ WeH]
ccntrct - bvt e 2 h --, U
II
I I I I I I
III TT
I I
1/I
I
PO PI P] P3 P4 P5 P6 .7 GND Us
range of 1560 to 1605 MHz. In association with above the received frequency (900 - 1500 MHz)
the high-speed 2 : 1 pre-scaler NEC I-l. PB 581 C and the half-frequen cy of the oscillator is used
the subject chip is able to stabilize VCO fre- for a frequency counter and/or PLL operation
quencies in 125 kHz steps to approximately using an input power of - 12 to - 15 dBm. A typical
3 GHz. application circuit for the SDA 3202 is shown
in fi g. 3 with, as far as is possible, the oscillator
frequency (and the consequent 5 x diode tuning)
together with the frequencies of the rest of the
2. tuned-circuit in 125 kHz steps.
APPLICAT ION IN TV
RECEPTI ON
3.
Fig. 2 shows the block-diagram . The VHF/UHF
EXPERIMENTS
input signal frequency is divided , according to the
programming, and compared with a crystal
controlled reference source of 4 MHz divided by In the TV set, the 40-pole user-spec ified micro-
512 i.e., 7.8125 kHz. The frequency/phase computer SDA 2011 contro ls the PLL module.
detector controls the tuning of the VCO and uses The interface is the 12 C Bus which needs two
external components for the loop filter. lines (SDA= data, SCL =sync.) for the serial data
transfer.
A tuner may be employed for ATV reception in the
23 cm band for the production of the satellite Under experimental conditions, the SDA 3202
receiver's first IF e.g. the IC UT-06B (Sanshin may be programmed by hand. Just a toggleswitch
elec.). This chip uses an oscillator at 70 MHz is required for the data and a push button for the
19
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
f vco = F,npr 70
41n
220n sv rtc h
outp ut s
for
optiona l
SDA 32 02 use
f i ~~
900...
1500MHz'-- -+....J DJ4LB
SDA SCl . VB
f lF : 70 MHz I SV/SO mAI
synchron izing. A conta ct anti-bounce circuit The two divider-rad io arranged bytes may be also
and a few minutes time are also required. The identified directly with the given frequency. The
schemat ic is given in fig. 4. Siemens "supplement" for the 23 cm band
(1240 - 1340 MHz): The bit n14 given in the table
The logic arrangemen t of the telegram-bytes is
as 0 may also be set at 1 whereby the highest
shown in table 1. The address-byt e differentiates
programmab le frequency results in 204B MHz
the PLL circuit from other chips at the 12 2 C Bus.
(theoretically) and not 1024 MHz.
• SV
SN74(LSIOl 9
l
+SV
data ,
SDA
NPN
SDA 3202 (BCS47/ 2N2222)
SCl
330
I
sync .
HI--~
0' .sv
~ov' DJ4LB
Fig . 4:
Circ uit 01 test manual con tro l
P,n7 · 0112 C·bus contr ol·
R' d k1 Pin 14 . 5V led chip
20
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
..... ~ ~
I
A . A( . "'O .. " d ~ ..
Addr essbyte 1 0 0 0 0 0 A
I
prog . divider
div ision
Byte 1
ratio n
prog . divider
Byte 2
frequ ency
co ntrol info
51 Tl TO 0 A
Byte 1
control info
Byte 2 I P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 Pl PO A
I
Teta! division rauo N c su m n
N = 8 19]- n 13 .. 4096 +0 12 • 2046 +n 11 + 1024 +n10 + Sl rn9 • 256 +n8 • 128 +n7 • 64+n6
• 3rnS + 16 +n4 + S+n3 + 4+n2 • r n l + nO
Fig . 5: The SDA 3202 as a 1.5 GHz decade frequency scale r for di rect control of the co unt er IC ICM72161
7226 at TIL level (5)
3.2. The SDA 3202 as a counter It will be noticed, that the output level of the pre-
frequency divider scaler !J.PB 581 C is - 8dBm, this being exactly the
The internal frequency divider of the SDA 3202 input level required by the SDA 3202 at its highest
usable frequency. It is thus possible to build a
may also be used as pre-scaler for a frequency
frequency counter, which functions up to a
counter (see figs. 5 and 6) as the divided input
frequency of 3.1 GHz, with only three integrated
frequency may be extracted from the IC by means
of a "test-mode" (T 1 = 1 in the first control byte). circuits.
It appears, at TTL level, at the open-collector
output port 7 (pin 6) which should be connected to
an external pull-up resistor of 2.7 Kn to the 5 V
rail. This output can be directly connected to the
input of the integrated circuit counter ICM 7216 or 4.
ICM 7226. REFERENCE
Refering to the publication (1), the ICM 7216 D
counter is preceded by a preseater of 10 000 : 1
pin 13 (dp) connected to point 14. By this means, (1) Hanschke , W., DC 0 RZ:
the decimal point is independent of the gate time C-MOS Frequency Counter for 10Hz to
as it is always located at the end of a whole GHz VHF COMMUN ICATION S Vol.16,
number of MHz. Ed.3/1984, Pages 182-187
13 14
I
OJ 4LB I Decimal point
Fig . 6: The SDA 3202 as a decade frequency scaler with a 2 : 1 3GHz pre -scaler dr iv ing the ICM 7216 /7226
directly at TIL level
22
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
A tran smitt er power amplifier is described The maximum perm itted anode voltage is 1200 V
which uses a norma l commercia l t ube and and the maximum continuous anode current is
w hi ch may be constructed w ith only a little given as 250 mA oThe manufacturer speci fies a
lat he-w or k as great emphasis has been maximum work ing frequency of 3 GHz. At maxi-
placed upon simplicity of construction. A mum anode dissipation the tube must be cooled
power output of 75 Watt is easily achieved in with air flow ing at around 600 litres per minute.
th e 13 cm band w ith only 900 V at 300 rnA The pressure drop at this level is about 5 g / ern",
an od e supply at a power ga in of 10 dB. A
hi gher anode potential , together with the
ap pr opri at e level of forced air coo ling, w ill 2.
yi el d cons iderably more output power. The RESULTS CBTAINED
anode c o nstructi on ma y be see n in fi g. 1 as
the co oli ng du ct has been removed.
Fig. 1: The electronic tube TH 6885 with its narrowly spaced cooling·fins spr ung firmly into position
(insulation and cooling ducts removed)
-
Fig. 2: The PA's cathode (anode p ipe clip removed)
At this point it may be mentioned, that at high An electrical schematic is quite superfluous but
values of anode resonator impedances there the quiescent current adjusting circuit was taken
may be problems with the tuning elements and from the transistor circuit of LA 8 AK (VHF COM-
tuning range at the higher frequencies. This MUNICATIONS 4 / 1981). Fig. 2 shows the ampli-
means that when Z = 60 n the tuning plunger at fier from the cathode side.
2320 MHz is in resonance since it has a longer
length than the inner conductor .
The length of the shorting plunger is calculated
by formula (2)
4.
CONSTRUCTION
3 X 10 5 x 0.95
(2)
4f (MHz)
Fig . 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the stage
The construction may be determined for other fre- but without dimensions. Three types of contact
quencies by converting the formula. The author material are employed, all of which may be
has the results for the 70 cm and 23 cm bands obtained from the firm Feuerherd of Berlin quoting
and may be obtained by sending an SAE to VHF the part-number given. The output coupling is
COMMUNICATIONS. made via a BNC socket which, at this power and
25
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
capoc i t i ve
input coupling e.g. for
13 cm J 311 5 mm
tin vane
--------- R - Nr 811 7
S -N r 8 118
R-N r:8 117
con ta ct stock
Cu cable screen
from firm
Fe uerherd ~-- O. 2 5 m m tef lon foil
Olympische 5tr. 12
0-1 000 Berlin 19 1Il- - - - - R-Nr. 8 1 17
---- -f----i
inpu t
frequency , is not ideal - an N socket or 3.5 / 9.5 First, the anode cylinder (dia 54 x 2 mm) is turned
socket , with a threaded portion for depth adjust- from a 76 rnrn' length and brazed onto a brass
ment, would be much better. The input coupling plate of (100 x 100 x 2.5 mm). The assembly is
uses a semi-rigid, copper -screened cable (e. g. turned transversely to plane the surface and a
SR-3 from the firm Suhne r). hole of 45 mm diameter cut out.
If the stage is driven in the quarter-wave mode The grid cylinder (14 mm dia x 11.90 mm long)
- e. g. in the 70 em-band - an inductive coupling must be turned internally in order that the cathode
is recommended . It consists of a small loop of the connection of the electronic tube may pass
inner conductor and proved to be very succesful. almost to the full length of the slots with a tight
The connection to the semi-rigid cable can, again, sliding fit.
be made with a coaxial cap with an N socket or
The heater contacts consist of a 5 mm dia brass
with a modified BNC socket fitted with a 3 mm
rod having an internal 20 mm long 2 mm threaded
cable insert.
section . This rod is cut with a fine hack-saw blade,
The parts are fabricated according to figs. 4 to 7. twice across the diameter in quadrature , to a
All rough edges should be removed with emery- length of 15 mm in order that it makes a tight push
cloth . fit into the electronic tube's heater connection.
26
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
-- ~ 2 5 6-
I - ' ~2 6 --
;-- ~ 2 0, 5 - I
o
- - - - - - 90 - - - - - - -..!
"', I
,I
'1- ·
I I,
' --"J L~
Fig . 4: Grid cylinder and gr id shortin g plunger -- ~ 25 ,6 - -.
- - 30 0 1\/ 4- 0.95 - -
YI · UNEF I BNe tnred l
- ~5 0 ----.,
- - tJI.9 . 6 - -4
-0 32
- -- - 76 ----~~
~
"'
'-0
~
-<.
o
7 ~II
..I-~----;7"~,L_-!t-_ 1
-- ~ 3 2
Fig . 5: Tun ing plunger tube gu id e, anode resonator cylinder and shorting plunger (centre)
27
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
o
o
- <j)- -q>- - ~
61 J I
L+- - - - - -i - - -- - - -;-+--L
~ ------ 9 0 - -- -- - -1
I_ - - - - - - - 100 - - - - -
~
i- 4o -~' ~
6s lo t s j - J i
I
- - - - - 9\ - - - - - -..,
1--- - --
Fig. 6: Anode plate or Its cover plate (dimensions in brackets), anode cylinder and bra ss shorti ng plunge r for
the heater connection s
1--- - - -- - - - -- 95 - - - - - - - - -- -1
.~.
'3
E:ffI- 3 f -=Ji=~
I I
I
r-- 10 -
15 - 11
Fig.a :
Grid cylinder and anode
shorting plunger
withdrawn
Fig.9 :
Anodecylinder with
output coupling showing
heaterconnecting rod in
foreground
The tuning plunger for "fine tune" consists of a type of blower used . Also not shown are the
6 mm dia brass rod of optional length. proprietary tube fixing clips which lock the two
The fine cooling fins of the anode cause a re- shorting plungers into position . One of them may
latively high air resistance which must be over- be recognized in the photographs of the PA in the
come with a powerful blower (Schubert). An air- disassembled state (fig . 8, 10 and 11 ).
duct may be fabricated from insulated cardboard The photographs give a "plastic" impression of
and installed according to the positioning and the parts and their assembly, but they do give the
29
- -- -- - - - - --- ---
VHF·COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
Fig . 10:
Fine tuni ng and anod e
cavity ou tpu t cou pli ng
Fig . 11:
The long 3 mm screw
enables the cathode
shorting plunger to be
tu ned
uninitiated an idea of the construc tion. It should be lightly chamferred-off in order to discourage
be noted, that the insulating material between the high-voltage arcing. The insulation of screw holes
anode plates and between the heat-sink and uses the same parts employed in the fitting of
pressure plate have been removed for the photo- powe r transistors. The anode supply voltage
graphs. should be connected directly to the plate and not
above the cooling fins.
The fitting of the anode plates must be very
carefully carried out. All drillings and edges must
30
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
k
W[}=i][F • •
communications
Index of Volume 17 (1985)
31
VHF-COMMUN ICAT IONS 1/86
ANTENNAT ECHNOLOGV
Loop Vagi Antenna Design for 13 cm Josef Grimm . 1985/2 72- 78
OJ 6 PI
Estimating the Gain of Vagi-A ntennas Gunth er Hoch , 1985/2 121 - 124
from Ch art Data DL 6WU
Helical Antenna for the 70 cm Band Alois Aigner. 1985/3 130 - 132
DL 6 XE
Pola rization Performance of Matjaz Vidmar . 1985/3 173 - 177
Circularly Polarized Antennas YU 3 UMV
Th e Directional Coupler Function and Use Erich Stadler. 1985/3 178 - 184
DG 7GK
Determ ination of Antennas Gain - Bernd von Bojan 1985/3 185 - 191
What' s actually behind it all? OJ 7 YE
Micro -Striplin e Antenn as Friedr ich Krug. 1985/4 194 - 202
OJ 3 RV
FUNDAMENTALS
Imp edance Tr ansform ation Erich Stadl er. 1985/1 43 - 45
using a iJ4 Line DG7GK
Switched Mode Power Supp lies (S. M. P. S.) Jochen Jirmann. 1985/2 79 - 93
Part 1: Basic Th eory DB 1 NV
PLL-Oscillators with Delay Line s Jo achim Kestler. 1985 /2 112 - 120
Part 3 : Oscillator Modul e for the 2-Metre-Band OK 1 OF
The Noise Behaviour of Ampl ifiers Wolfram Pueschner. 1985/3 133 -1 37
DF 7 KB
PLL-Oscillators with Delay-Lines Joachim Kestler. 1985/3 138 -140
Part 4: Carrier Noise Sidebands OK 1 OF
Measurement of Cabl e-Imp edance with Erich Stadl er. 1985/3 153 - 157
Impulses and Sine-W aves DG 7GK
Th e PCB- Integr ated Coaxial Tun ed Circuit Gerd Korner. 1985/3 158-1 60
DK 2 LR
Formulae and Diagram s for the Friedri ch Krug , 1985/4 203 - 207
App roximate Calculation of Micro-Str iplines OJ 3 RV
Power Ampl ifiers - Carsten Vieland, 1985/4 208 - 212
How they are operated DJ4GC
Behav iour of Reflected Pulses Erich Stadler. 1985/4 227 - 231
along Cables DG7GK
POWER SUPPLIES
A 12-Volt-Mobil e. Swit ched -Mod e Joch en Jirmann , 1985/1 94 - 99
Power Supply (S. M. P, S,) Part 2 DB 1 NV
32
VHF -COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
FAX TECHNOLOGY
FM/AM Converter for Facsimil e Reception Drs. Tjapk e Knoell . 1985/3 169 -172
and Picture Display with the YU 3 UMV PAO
Picture-Stor e
MICROCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
A Microcomp uter-System for Radio Amateuers J. Jir mann and F. Krug 1985/4 252 - 254
DB 1 NV. OJ 3 RV
OSCILLATORS
PLL-Oscillators with Delay Lines Joachim Kestler. 1985/1 46 - 54
Part 2: A Shortwave VFO from 5 to 6 MHz OK 1 OF
33
VHF-CO MMUN ICATIONS 1/86
In the last few years there have been various system , the position of a fixed star is always the
techniques given which allow the quality of a VHF same - at any rate for our purposes . The Sun and
/ UHF receiving system to be determined by the Moon are moving objects in this system .
means of measuring the Sun's radio noise or
noise from cosmic radio sources (1, 2. 3, 4). One
problem of such measurement, is the position in The reference plane of the moving equator ial
the sky of the object concerned. When using the system is the plane of the equator projected
Sun or the Moon. in good visibility. it is only a into the celestial sphere . The angular zero point is
matter of sighting the antenna along the boom. the direction of the so-called "spring-equinox".
but cosmic radio sources in Middle Europe cannot The size of this angle is designated "right ascen-
always be identified by sight owing to prolonged sion" (RA).
cloud-cover and one must resort to a few calcula-
tions. From the reference plane extends the gradua -
Th is art icle describes a simple method to tions of the declension (DE) to the north and to the
calc ulate both azimuth and elevation hea- south corresponding to the lines of latitude on
d ings. These calculations may be carried out earth.
easily by means of a small programmable
pocket calculator within an accuracy of one
A point, that remains stationary in the moving
degree. This is sufficient accuracy for ama-
equatorial system, moves - as far as earth's
teur antennas.
mid-point is concerned - once in about 24 hours
Calculation by means of a calculator is , in around the earth . A further system of co-ordinates
any case , qu icker than using tables as, for exists, called the "fixed equatorial system", which
example, described in (5). moves with the turning of the earth and is there-
fore fixed relative to the earth . A point that is
always stationary over the same spot on the
earth 's surface (e. g. a geo-stationary satellite)
1.
has. in this system , fixed co-ordinates. The co-
A LITTLE ASTR ONOMY
ordinates in this system are called "hour angles"
(HA) and declinat ion (DE). The declination is, of
The position of a body in the sky is mostly given in course, the same as that for the moving equatorial
the so-called "moving equato rial system ". In this system .
35
VHF·COM MUNICATIONS 1/86
Konrad Hupfer, OJ 1 EE
I C11
+ 22)J BO 1ges
1--.-- - - - .- - -0 + 13. 5V
C7
H1n
1 N4001
OJ 1EE 006
RF C1
oJl12
Fig . 1:
Si ngle stage
linear PA can
del ive r 20 W at
1296 MHz
38
VH F-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
PCB
hea t - sink
. possible connections between the base electrode trans istor s (fig . 3) take heed of the unusual
and ground. The requisite inductance cons ists , arrangement of the pins ; the chamferred tab is the
here also, of a doubl e-sided , copp erclad PTFE base connection. The more important comp o-
(teflon) strip of PCB material with suitable nents are as foll ows : -
disco ntinu ities in the copper for the appropriate
T 1: NEL 132081-20 (NEC)
trimmers C 2 and C 5 - the unbroken copper side
C 1 toC3 : mini foil trimmer (SKY green )
be ing soldered direct ly to the (cheaper) epo xy-
C4 to C 6: microwave trimmer 10 pF (J FO,
glass PCB . Th e inductor strip dimensions are
Tekelec)
given in fi g. 2.
L 1, L 2: 2 x Cu sided teflon PCB 1.4 mm thick
It is recommended that trimmers C 4 to C 6 strips (see fig .2)
(approx . 10 pF) are concentric air-tr immers (J FO, L3: Cu i wire 20 mm long , 0.5 mm dia
Tekelec). These make the job of tuning consider- Ch 1: Mini w ide band choke 0.12 JLH
ably eas ier, and at less risk, than with ceramic or Ch2: 6 holed core choke (Valvo)
foil sp indl e trimmers.
The bias supply for the base cons ists of the circuit
proposed in (1) using an LM 723 and a BO 135 .
Th e simpl e circuit given in fi g. 1 (NEC appl icat ion
note ) was tried in a test circu it but it was found that
3.
the more deta iled circuit was preferred , especially
TEST RESULTS
in cases wh ere the temperature range is large
(- 10 to + 50° C) and / or the heat-sink is small.
As fig . 4 indicates, the NEL 132081 transistor can
deliver a power output up to 17 W in linear operat-
ion (at amateur qual ity) using a powe r supply of
13.5 V. The tota l base current and the effic iency
2. depend , naturally, upon the type of bias circuit
CONSTR UCTION used. The curves shown in fig . 4 are based upon
the simple circuit given in fig . 1 with a quiescent
collector current of 200 mA. Two examples were
The cons truct ion information given in (1) together tested which exh ibited a wide disparity of res ults,
with setting up and tun ing instructions are , of indicating that the amp lifier can turn out differently
cour se, to be followed here . When mounting the from the norm . In conclusion a few general obser-
39
VHF-COMMUNI CATIONS 1/86
20 Fig.4 :
W Output power, total
input current as
well as the average
efficiency of two
17.5 transistor examples
Pout
. 13. 5 V
100 10 2.0
010
!11 7.5
1]1 av erag e
I '
50 5 1.0
DJ1EE
o
o 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 W
Pin-
vations :
This kind of amplifier in class AB operation is only
4.
stable with certain loads and generators. This
REFERENCES
may be ascerta ined by a perusal of the S-para -
meters . Stability is assured under a wide band,
resistive 50 ohm load but definately not when the (1) Hupfe r, K., OJ 1 EE:
antenna is disconnected . The amplifier must A 10 W Linear Amplifier for the 23 cm Band
always have a load connected before the supply VHF COMMUNICATIONS, Vol. 16
voltage is applied. Ed. 1 / 1984, Pages 51 - 55
40
VHF-COMMUNICATION S 1/86
Franz R. Ratheno w, OF 9 ZT
In the design and operation of power tubes, system built by DD 8 DA in Bochum used copper-
the removal of heat from the tube must always tube coolers and a car radiator as a heat ex-
be considered. Amateur power amplifiers are changer. Sewing-machine oil served as the
generally air-cooled but when the power coolant. Actually, various types of oil may be
output approaches the limit, quite large employed for this purpose - my choice lay in a
quantities of air become necessary. This low-viscosity oil, Shell Tellus C 10, which appears
requi res a powerful forced air cooling system to be readily abtainable. The important points
- which causes noise. In general, this noise about the selection of an oil are; it must be thin
cannot be reduced to the point where it (a viscosity of 10 according to DIN 51519) and
becomes unobtrusive expecially when listen- capable withstanding heat without breakdown of
ing to very weak signals. The solution is its properties. Also, it must not cause corrosion
liquid cooling, oil or water, preferably the and must have a high-insulation resistance.
former. Distilled water has the disadvantage of being
a catalyst for corrosion. Finally the coolant should
A suggestion on water cooling by DL 0 HC gave
have a high-breakdown voltage.
me the idea of deve loping a similar system . The
Fig . 1:
The modified 2 C 39 heat-
sink (left) and the coolant
jacket with inlet and outlet
connections .
41
VHF -COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
Fig. 2:
Coolant jacket showing
seali ng ring together with
a pipe connector
drill 40
cut grooves DF9ZT
50
80
90° coun te r-bo re for sealing ring
M6
Fig. 3:
Dimensions of
turned parts
42
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
Fig. 4:
A 2 C 39 complete with
coolant jacket
Fig. 5:
Two transmitter
oil-cooled tubes
Harald Fleckner, DC 8 UG
The frequency range above 1000 MHz is almost all cases, the parabolic antenna
increasingly being " d iscovered" by more appears to off er sufficient radiated power
radio amateurs and employed for ATV-relays, output coupled with a good signal to noise
OSCAR 10 with its " mode L" , and t he recep- rat io. In order to be able to utilize either a
tion of weather pictures at 1700 MHz. No doubt full or a wire-net ref lector in a large frequency
the availability of proprietary modules and band, eith er a broadband feed-horn or a
equipment has ass isted in the increased primary feed -horn is required.
popularity of this part of the spec t rum . In
Fig.1 :
In the position shown, the
w ideband primary radiator
has vertical polarization
47
VHF-COMMUN ICATIONS 1/86
40dB
42dB
f; 0 5 GHI
De8UG two- band horn . 13em and 23cm r ef eren ce
broadb and horn (Ol1BU. Alu Type A)
OC8UG TWO- BAliD H04l" RADIATOR: , I. J .nd 2 . 3 GHI [ -POLAR DIAGRAM 1296 ,.. ,
9 . 8~ dBI
Cd '
J
50'
/ \ -10" 1460
roes
r-, I -- \ f 15118
\rJ0 ~/ 20d8
I
I
25l!B
I ,
3GCB
Ol1B U.1 9B'
I
,
I 35::8
, ,
, ,
110' .1, o' I~O' l~ .100"·. 0' . -, 0" 20 .'
.0 .Za" .
l' ,00 10" ,00- 120"
" 0" 160 ' ' 10'
40d8
OC8lJG, TWO- BAllO HOfl/il RADI ATOll: 1. 3 .I'ld 2. 3 GHI H- POlAa DIAGlWl 1296 ,..,
Od '
uu bl. g,l n 6.31 d81 11.3 GHzl / 1~ - 3d8 69°
Gf,l n { f r e- be_idtll
/ I \ • 9.aS dB1
,,,
J
/ \ - lOd' , 140°
10d8
J I
"
r 1SdB
'v-\ ! I,
I ~
,
I 20d8
,
,
,
,
\ 25d8
,
\
, , JOdS
DL1BU
nB4
, ,
35d8
I ,
,
. Fig . 3:
Polar plot at 1296 MHz
48
VHF -COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
OC 8tJG TWO-BAND HOIlJrl RADI ATOR 1.3 and 2.3 CHI H- POl,l,R DI AGRAM 2 320 MHz
/ \ -10".10" 10::e
/ I \ 15dB
"
j \ 20d8
II ~ ,
I V
,
l Od8
, ,
Dl1 BU n S4
,
, I
35dB
, ,
.180 .160 · 1'0 . 120 . IDC ·10 60 ·" 0 ·20 ~O .2 00 40 60 10 100 120 UQ ' 60 Ito a DdB
OCSUG TWO-8AND HORN RADI ATOR 1. J .n d l . 3 GHl E-POLAR DIAGRAM 1120 14Hz
O:::Il
~KOl" '"
Ilu b l eg. l n: G . 9 . 15 dBI Gain {f rom be . """id t h l
· 11 . 6 dBi
/ \ -10" Bl '
ll) dB
/ I \ 15dB
rl ~
/\ J
l OdS
V
'
,'
Y\
, /\
2SdB
A,
~
V
Dll BU
I
,
,
,
,
\I• \ JOdB
1984 ,
, ,
, , 35dB
, ,
. 110 .160 · "0 · 120 . 100" .
·aa 60 ·co ·20 ~o ' 200 '0 60. 10 100 120 1( 0 16 0 ISO 4Dd S
Fig 4 :
Polar plot at 2320 MHz
49
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
• (f ig. 4).
/~
/ I
5 5 ~ 5 -- i
b\o I
/: I
'<, I
- 129
1
-ri=====r=~~;!=============.:r
I
;!
-~-
I
Materia l. (o~er clad epoxyglass
or SRPB l1.6mm I
f-- - - - - - - - - 17B- - - - - - - - -
- - - - -- - - - 2 3 0 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fig . 6: Dim ensions of w ide band primary rad iator Fig . 7 : Top view
50
VHF -COMMUN ICAT IONS 1/86
The coa xial input couplin g is carr ied out by means The completed horn is treated both internally and
of a normal panel -mountin g N socket , the four externally with a plastic spray film in orde r to
mounting -screws of which form the groun d bon- protect it from the elements. The aperature may
ding - the nuts being soldered to the (inside) be sealed with a piece of 10 mm thick expand ed
copper film. The launch-probe consists of a 6 x 1 polystyrene.
mm brass tube solde red axially to the N socket
centre connection pin. The end of this tube is
tapped to allow an M 5 x 10 mm screw to provide 3.
variable length adjustment of the launch-prob e TEST RESULTS
- with locking nut. It is also recommended that
provis ion be made to make the launch-probe I
input connector asse mbly variable in position with The test measur ements were undertaken by
respect to the back wall of the feed- horn. The Guenter Schwarzbeck DL 1 BU (well-known
match ing can then be optimized to suit a particu- technical reviewer) in the cours e of a large
lar band of frequencies. The feed-horn , photo- invest igatio n into primary radiator s. The feed-
graphed in figs . 1 and 8, has a 55 mm spacing horn built by the author and shown in the photo-
from the back wall resulting in a return loss graphs was used .
greater than 15 dB at 1250 and 1450 MHz. By Fig. 2 shows the result of the gain measurement
means of 10 mm slots the asse mbly may be in comparison with a calibrated test-horn . The
adjusted ± 5 mm , from the nomina l 55 mm , thus band-filter characteristic of the feed -horn, with its
allowing an optimal adjustment at 1296 MHz. clearly defined limiting frequencies , will be
The launch-probe length influences the feed-ho rn recognized.
matching - the prototype is set to 32 mm long.
The following table 1 gives the work ing gain of the
At the transition of the horn flare -out, the discon- horn-radiator toge ther with its 3 dB and 10 dB
tinuity in the PCB copper cladding must be brid- bea mwidths in both the E-and the H-planes. It
ged with thin-shee t copper strip, soldere d so thai may be seen that at 1296 MHz the E-and the
a uniform surface results. H-beamwidths are prac tically identical. Also , the
51
VHF-COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
DC8UG gain ref. isop 6.37 dBi 9.75 dBi All values in brackets
denote - 10 dB
Two-band 3 dB E-beamwidth 60° (146) 43° (81) beamwidth gains
Horn-rad iator 3 dB H-beamwidth 69° (140 ) 51° (100)
13 /23cm
ga in dBi 9.85dBi 12.6dBi
(from beamwidth)
These horn-rad iators were tested at the amateur frequencies of 1.3 GHz . 2.3 GHz . 3.4 GHz and
5.7 GHz : the weather-satellite frequency of 1.7 GHz was also partly included. The polar diagrams
were also taken . for a few horn-radiators. at the highest frequency afforded by the coax ial tech -
nique , 8.4 GHz . The beamwidth was 9° and the gain 25 dBi. The figures in brackets are the - 10 dB
beamwidth. this being an important parameter when using the radiator as a parabolic-antenna.
feed-horn .
Table 1
broadband radiator exhib its a gain of 6.4 dB at under the cut-off frequency (here at 1.1 GHz ) is
23 cm and 9.8 dB at 12 cm with reference to an unrea l (inductive) thus simulat ing a highly reac-
isotrop ic radiator . tive choke .
Figures 3 and 4 show the polar diagrams for the
amateur bands . Finally . fig . 9 shows that the
return loss / SWR . in the usable frequency range . 4.
is better than 10 dB / 2 : 1. The high-pass charac - CONCLUSION
teristics of the rectangular wavegu ide may also
be clear ly seen . The characteristic impedance
' ·~
!~E ~~ ·'. ~ · '~
· 0 dB feed-horn and use it for both . send and receive on
5 dB the neighbouring amateur bands.
2 •: J j . . .. . · l OdB
1.5
. .. . .. . l5dB
20dB
1.1 25dB 5.
lOdB REFERENCES:
l5dB
.40dB
f= 0 5 GHz
(1) Neie. C.:
DC8UG t wo· band hor n , 13em and 23cm r et ur n loss
Multi-Band-Strahler 1 - 12 GHz .
Fig . 9: Matching versus frequency DUBUS-Info 2 / 1980. Pages 66 - 76
52
VHF·CO MMUNICA TIONS 1/86
The digital pioture store (1) pub lished a few fancy. It is, howeyer, possible for the digi-
years ago by YU 3 UMV processes AM signals tal picture storage to be so modified, and
using a 2400 Hz sub-carrler sent from the extended, that all the current WEFAX, FAX
weather satellites. These weather satellite and SSTV transmissions may be reproduced.
facsimile (WEFAX) transmissions are related
to the various other facs imile emissions This may be carried out, as ON 6 VO has , by
(FAX) and slow-scan television (SSTV). modification (greatly) to the or iginal YU 3 UMV
Unfortunately, the transmission standards pr inted circuit boards and by developing
took the ir own ind iv idual paths mak ing an other, supplementary boards. On the other
eventual common standard, such as that hand , a new , but fairly large board is des-
discussed by ON 6 VO In (2), on ly a flight of cribed here which will embody all the neces-
.av
OK 3VF 001
: 4(X) Hz
~5
AM - . 12V. 0 5 A
'54 FM-
153 Dernod Modu la tor
152
151 15.
FM
convert er
AM
Rx I()I and
memor y
03 -
02 -
- - -
- --, 50;OL
3 0 0 1
NF
B<m
sync s ec-c e se lec t
SSTV- Syn c.
Dete ctor
53
VHF-COMMUNI CATION S 1/86
sary modifications, such as combined control sions. The modulation being recorded in one
electronics and memory and a few other channel, and the 2.4 kHz sub-carrier on the other
components normally mounted elsewhere, channel.
such as tuning indicator, switches, sockets
etc. In this relatively simple manner, a really
versatile picture receiver has been created. 2.
The many owners of YU 3 UMV boards, who CIRCUIT DETAILS
have followed the published modifications to
the original circuit will already have had
enough advice upon how to proceed with
further modifications. It would be going too far to describe again the
circuitry of the YU 3 UMV equipment. Instead,
only those circuits which have been modified will
be dealt with . The reference at (1) must be at
1. hand, in any case, for the reconstruction des-
CONCEPT cribed here to be undertaken. In order to proceed
systematically , all the relevant circuit diagrams
are reviewed in table 1 as follows : -
54
VHF·COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
Fig .3 :
Mod if ied tone
decoder and
syn chronizing
log ic
~ OK 3VF 123
001
120
18
19
au tos t a r t
~ := ~ 5 : I 11 5 = ~0 1 1
6 = 1 1 1 6:~011
1~ ()Cl ul os l op M5B
··.·HZ
'-. - + - --jf-' I \1
I 210
• ' 74 LS 123 ,
1 209 I
CD ~O I II" 100ol -
:~1()'-;~~_ I
t;.TU'f TV S¥tJC I
560p =
Line coun ter
PE
.S V 1101 5 j
· 5V
~
' ~I----=-+::":'-
· 5V
- - -t- + - + f-- - -74LSOO
- -- --t-- t--t-t--
I 211
1. I ~ l,
'k 8
3
1
I 215
7~ LS 113 , -5V
s 9
litB
. . - = -.
I
.5 V
I 217
I 216
CD ~ 011 7~ L SO ~
Write
command
55
VHF-COMMUNICA TIONS 1/86
.,::;:::;:.,
M <D
., -c
..... :::tNJ:
I ., .,
('?)::I: e5l:I: LfI :?..c :2
., .,
r--J: .... I I
~et::2c:: <tD::<tC( <. a::<tCt: ~ cr ~ a:
I I I
~
-S V "" "" " "" · SV
ASEL
R!W
T f . f I I
T'OOn J§l&1L ~ ,J§l.lli.1L ~
CIH 3 3 3 3
<m
t;
Scroll 5
7
d 7
"
5 tz, " tz,
~, :fj
5
clock 6 6 6 6
122 1 I 222 I 223 I 224
10 '6 74 LS 74LS 74LS 74LS
13 13 13 13
16 12 18 17 153
,~
17 153
u., 17 152
>L '7
153
u.,
11
I'l CO 40 40 "
'0 10 "
1C "
10
9 7 6 5 3 7 "13
-- , 15 11
2L'~ ---
6 1 15
,-c::r=-
7'2
. 5V
. m n. ~
B C 182
145
~ 4k
I
14 5
ou nrer I
, l.1 2 13 3 5;;r;; 7 10 1 f.
r
1213 315 1111. 210 33'
±- . IOn
Pt707
~f
.!2.-.SV 16
· 5V
Clock
I 219
C04029
-.J
9 .~
I 220
CD 40 29
Y .LJ. 100 n
L5 7 15
. ~.
61.
Fig . 5: Mod if ied circu it fo r vert ical sync. and address multiplex
lOOk
">!...........-------,:=f:r::- --~--- Ub 7
14 13 12 11 98
1125 160
LM 2907 z video
indiku to r
LLUJ:...J-----~z.AM Modulator
DK3VF001
z .SSTV Sync
1 126 detector
ICL 7641
56
VHF ·CO MMUNICAT ION S 1/86
In order that FAX signals can be processed, the frequency (fig. 7). This is accomplished in a
FM signal must first of all be demodula ted into a CA 3080 chip. In order that the 2.4 kHz signal
video signal (fig. 6). It must then be filtered and may be used for synchronizing the following
amplified with an operational amplifier such as picture memory, this crystal oscillator should be
type TL 084, or better still, the ICL 7641. The adjusted exactly to its nominal frequency by
signal, at this point, could be easily inverted or a means of a counter.
choice made, in a simple fashion, between a
Upon initial reception of a FAX transmission,
positive and a negative picture but without in-
there is always the problem of the correct adjust-
fluence to the position of the synchroniz ing
ment of the picture dynamic range. A good adjust-
pulses.
ment guide can be obtained by displaying the
The following amplitude modulator, modulates video signals on a linear scale. The start tones,
the video signal on to a 2.4 kHz carrier which has maximal black and white appear symmetrically
been derived from a 4915.2 kHz crystal-control - disposed about the middle of the scale, thereby
led oscillator and appropriately scaled down in indicating the amount and direction the correction
. 8V
10k 22 10
- k k - r---
1 18 17 16 15 1413 12 11 10 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
LM 3914 LM 3914
2 3 4 56 78 9 123 456 789
.1 I 1 .1 4* l-
57
VHF- COMMUNICATIONS 1/86
5V DK3 VF
16
109 1130
130
10 4040
Fig. 9 : Ad d it ional c ircuit for lin e sele ction Fig . 10: Addit ional circuit for p icture sh ift
should take . Such a sca le is show n in fig. 8 selected by the SSTV 1 I SSTV 2 switch (f ig s. 5
which comprises twenty LEOs controlled by two and 12).
LM 3914 linear driver chi ps. This complete circuit
The SSTV sync . pulse is extracted by the com-
is made using a small PCB which can be mounted
parator shown in fig . 11. Upon reception of a tone
directly on to the front panel.
of between 1100 and 1300 Hz and of longer than
In order that the equipmen t may be used for 4 ms durati on , the comparato r produces an im-
several FAX norms and l or speeds, the divider pulse (Pt 147).
I 123 has been added (f ig. 9). Th is enables a
The sync . frequency of the analogue-to-digital
choise to be made of whethe r all lines are to be
con verter AOC 0804 must around 1.25 MHz. For
stored , very other , or every third, fourth or fifth .
this , a capacitor of 56 pF is required at pin 4 and
In practice , only three of the five possi bilities are
the period is adjusted by R 106 to about 0.8 !'-s.
normally used for the rece ption of FAX signals .
Should SSTV stations be received which are
The correct speed for SSTV pictu res is 960
usin g 15 lines per second (USA), the VCO
revolu tions per minute (RPM) or 16 lines per
frequency of PLL 1103 (fig. 2) should be lowered
second (2). The switch positions in fig. 2 have
from 38 .4 kHz (16 x 2.4 kHz) to 35 .2 kHz (16 x
been extended to a fifth position to cater for this
2.2 kHz). For this, the connecting point Pt 151 has
requirement. This switch may also be used to
been prov ided which must be switched to ground .
enlarge the size of the pictur e.
The exact frequency is adjusted by means
Two SSTV pictures may be stored in the memory , of preset R 111. The original frequency for
vFM Demodulator
...---- I--r----r-----r----~>--~ . 5V
21<2 18 k 18 k J';
470 158
1300'
R117 220
470
11 0Hz
R 18 21<2
DK3 VF
58
VHF-COMMUNIC ATIONS 1/86
n0r
Fig . 12:
1 ~1.11 Four examples of
STOP wo SO Hz
.. ~ 'P
OK 3VF
" 1(.
D
A 1'\
. II ,lV
Uvv
~ J' ~ 5 '10 <o f' t .'
300 HZ
4 50Hz
50 °10
625 Hz ':'50 Hz
European SSTV , 38.4 kHz, is adjusted by R 105 A / 0 converter, either inverted or upright, cor-
when Pt 151 is not grounded . responding either to white or 10 black.
A solution for case 3 would be achieved by means
2.1. Automatic synchronizing circuit of an RS flip-flop which is primed by the start tone
and reset shortly following the synchronizing-
The auto-synchronizing circuit described by YU 3
pulse leading edge. About 1.5 seconds is chosen
UMV operates only with the communication
for the 5 % sync. pulse and about 3.5 seconds for
format similar to the single pulse sync. utilized by
the 50 % sync. pulse as used by the French
METEOSAT . In the FAX technique, however ,
METEO station. If the start flip-flop has been
there are other modes (fig. 12), which require
reset, the line counter can no longer receive any
other types of synchron izing circuits , such as:
further synchronizing pulses . The process can
1. The possibility to chose between "black" and only start anew if another start pulse, manual or
"white" sync. pulses. with 300 /625 Hz tone, is applied.
2. The possibility to chose between various start
As the synchronization of NOAA or METEOR
and stop frequencies .
pictures can be easily undertaken by hand, the
3. The most difficult case, i. e. when the synchro-
decoder and synchron izing logic (fi g. 3) for the
nizing pulse is not sent directly after the start
above cases were modified. The tone decoder
tone (f ig. 12 lowest example).
I 113 and I 114 are tuned to the start tone 300 or
Case 1 in fig. 12 has the possibility to synchonize 625 Hz whilst the stop-tone decoder I 112, was
bv using the MSB (most significant bit) from the made switchable between 200 and 450 Hz. .
59
VH F-COMMUNI CATI ONS 1/86
55 rv s yr- - oo
~OO H Z 155
150 HZ 1~
mon syn
po s
153 1 - - - - - ; oOU I O D"'l:.
FAX - SSTV II. The push-button switches are toggle switch SPOT: left / right
used for left and right picture displacement. toggle switch SPOT: SSTV Europe / USA
The other switching functions utilize ten toggle toggle switch OPOT : mains on / off
switches. For more detailed information see SPOT with centre rest: auto start / stop
fig . 13 and table 2. OPOT with centre rest: select sync. source
(Crystal / APT / tape)
OPOT with centre rest: select sync. type (auto
white / man. / auto
Rotary switch x 5: 60 to 960 revs black)
Rotary switch x 5: 1 to 5 line store OPOT with centre rest: line sync. SSTV /
Rotary switch x 3: Rec. 1, Rec. 2, Stop / FAX
taperecorder OPOT with centre rest: 128 lines SSTV pic.
toggle switch SPOT: positive - negative 1 / FAX /1 28 Iines
toggle switch SPOT: ± 400 Hz / ± 150 Hz SSTV pic. 2
toggle switch SPOT: AM - FM Push-button SPST : left shift
toggle switch SPOT: stop 200 Hz - Push-button SPST: right shift
stop 450 Hz
toggle switch SPOT: up /down Table 2: Switc h fu nctions
61
VHF-COMMUNI CAT ION S 1/86
Fig. 15:
Compo nent layout on
PCB DK3VF 002
P11 P2 = 10k on t he s ol us r si de
62
VHF ·CO MMUNICATIONS 1186
with the othe r preset cau se LED 20 (onl y) to Its nom ina l frequency With a coun te r and then.
illuminate. As these presets are Interac tive in after a week or so of con tinuo us operation . fine
their ellect upon the LEOs. some ite ration adj usted against a cou nter hav ing a time base
between the two co ntrols is necessary in order wh ich can be chec ked aga ins t an ott-au stan dar d
to illuminate either LED 1 or LED 20 at the ap - WWV. MS F. DC F 77 etc .
propna te setting of the pos. / neg . swi tch.
Th e adjus tment of the ton e decoder I 112. I 113
Now isola te Pt 153 (pos.) and with preset R 113 and I 114 IS earned ou t With Ine frequencies given
ca use LED 11 to illuminate. Connect Pt. 153 In fig . 3.
aga in and feed In a 1900 Hz input signal. Adjust The co rrect acjustrnent can be made With a volt-
preset R 112 such that LED 11 Illuminates me ter or a DC oscilloscope on pin 8 of the ap-
whe reas preset 114 ( = 400 Hz) remains at us propriate IC .
mid- scal e settrnq .
Feed in a signal of 1500 Hz swi tch to "pos .. and
to i: 400 Hz. Preset R 114 is now adjusted In
order that LED 1 (only) is lit. T hen apply 1750 Hz .
switch to 1: 150 Hz and adjus t prese t R 115 in
order that again. LED 1 illuminates . Vary the 5.
input frequ ency between 1750 and 2050 Hz (still RE FERENCES
switched to :!:. 150 Hz) and chec k that the applied
signal co rres pon d s with the illu mina tion of the
appr opriate LED on the frequency scale . Swuch
( 1) Vidm ar . M.. YU 3 UMV :
to the 1: 400 Hz range and vary the signal from
A Digital Storag e and Scan Converte r for
1500 to 2300 Hz and again chec k the accu racy of
Weather Satellite Imag es
the LED indica tor scale.
Part 1: VHF COM MUNICATIONS Vol. 14.
Tab le 3 will help to clarify the foreg oing Ed. 4 / 1982 , Pages 194 . 208
procedur e : Part 2: VH F COMMUNICATIONS Vol. 15.
Ed . 1 / 1983. Pages 12 - 25
(2) Van Onescne. W., ON 6 VD .
Sugg estion for Standardizinq SSTV and FA X
Transmissions
Sw itch LED 1 LED 11 LED20
VHF CO MMU NICATIONS Vol. 16,
± 400 Hz 1500 Hz 1900 Hz 2300 Hz Ed. 3 / 1984, Page 181
± 150 Hz 1750 Hz 1900 Hz 2050 Hz (3) Drs. Knoell , T :
FM / AM Co nve rter for Facsimile Recept ion
and Picture Display with the YU 3 UMV
Tab le 3 : Adj ustment po i nts fo r the two ra nges Pictur e Store
VHF COMMUNICATIONS Vol. 17,
Ed . 3 /1985 , Pag es 169 - 172
(4) Editors :
Preliminary Experien ce with the Digital
Storage Modu le described by YU 3 UMV
VHF COMMUNI CATION S Vol. 15,
The potentiom eter in the amplitud e modul ator
Ed. 2 /1983 , Pages 9 1 - 92
circuit CA 3080 (f ig . 7) varies the depth of
(5) Pietsch, H.-J .:
modulation and thereby the pictur e contrast. This
FAX - SST V
control is best adjusted during the reprodu ct ion of
Hadio-Prak tiker-Bucherei . Band 154
a picture. O ptimum : 1 to 10 between min . and
(Franzis-Verlaq Munchen)
max . leve l of sub-carrier.
(6) Wireless World ,
The crys tal oscillator should be set initially to Ed. 12 /1976 to Ed. 7 /1977
63
VHF -COMMU NICATIONS 1/86
DK3 VF Dig ital Pic t ure Storage for SSTV . FAX and WEFAX Ed. 1 1986
PC-board OK 3 VF 00 1 double-sided . throplated 6942 OM 99.-
PC-board OK 3 VF 002 single-sided. not bored 6943 OM 16.-
K it OK 3 VF 001 I both PC-board s and all 6944 OM 630 .-
OK 3 VF 002 com ponents
Table of commands:
command response func tion
R CR R CR rotation clockwise
System 's
L CR L CR rotation counter clockwise block
U CR U CR rotationup
D CR D CR rotation down diagram
S CR S CR all rotators stop
V CR V CR rota tor stop vert.
H CR H CR rotator stop honz. Hor. Vert.
G xxxxyyyy CR G CR preset position Rot or Rotor
F CR f' xxxxyyyy CR interrogation position
Technical data :
Control box
Data excha nge:
KR 5400/5600
3-wire asynchron . lull duplex
input and output negative or
positive
Data forma t: 1 start bit Interface
8 data bits
2 stop bits SLAVE 10
Baud rate: 1200B / s
Power supply: 14 V unstab. via control box
KR 5400 or KR 5600
Dimensions : w x h x d = 160 x 80 x 130 mm COMPUTER
Special accessories :
Software on diske tte for C 64 Art. nr. 1100 OM 48.-
~
stab ility -30 to +600C
vs temp . ran g e
TELE aUFlRz
. . . Your precise and reliable source
TELE-QUARZGMBH · D-6924 Neckarbischofsheim 2
Telefon 0 72 68/1003 . Te le x 782359 tq a . Tel e fax 07268/ 1435