Professional Documents
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GIS software
Asas Perisian GIS (ERSI Product, MapInfo, AutoDesk, Idrisi….)
Extension Software
GIS Support System (What If, Ilwis,..)
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GIS Applications:
Agriculture
Environmental Management
Forestry
Landscape
Business
Defense
Telecommunications
Etc.
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Data Modelling
3 types of data
Raster Data
continuous data
earth.
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ArcGIS Spatial Analyst contains specialized tools for working with and deriving new
information from hydrologic and landscape data.
Its toolset includes methods for describing hydrologic characteristics and tools to
calculate flow across an elevation surface, calculate flow path length, and assign stream
orders.
DTMs (Digital Terrain Models)
3. Hydrology Tools
Activate ArcToolbox
Expand “Hydrology”
Tools
5. Flow Directions
6. FLOW ACCUMULATION
– Trace backwards up the flow direction grid and determine the number of cells
flowing into each cell
– Accumulated flow is the number of cells flowing into each cell
– generate a grid to represent the total number of cells flowing into each cell
– Cells that have high accumulation are designated as stream channels
Sink raster
• For example -A total of 4621
sinks found
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Stream network
• You can use the flow accumulation grid to identify drainage courses by
extracting those cells with the highest accumulated flow values ( cell
contains the most water are stream channel).
• You can create a drainage network of any detail by choosing the
appropriate volume values (300 is used for this data).
• Choice of threshold value can be arbitrary. It should be corresponding to
high resolution topographic maps of filed maps.
Stream Links
• After a stream network is derived from a flow accumulation raster, each
section of the stream raster line is assigned a unique value and is
associated with a flow direction.
Arbitrarily assign unique values to each
link of the stream networks.
Watershed Analysis
• Watersheds delineate a drainage
area.
• Drainage basin, water sheds, basin,
catchments area, and contributing
area are synonymous terms
referring to an area of drainage that
contributes water to a common
outlets (pour points).
Watershed
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