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Abstract-Power quality has become a major constraint for any type of load to get the better voltage quality. When the power quality is
considered ,the voltage sag/swell plays predominant role at different types of loads which decreases the quality of voltage at consumer end.
Inorder to overcome this situation, a Dynamic Voltage Restorer is connected in series to the system. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a series
connected power electronic based device which will quickly mitigate the voltage sags in the system and restore the load voltage to the pre-fault
value. DVR is considered as the best solution to overcome the problem of voltage sag/swell.
The primary advantage of the DVR is keeping the users always on-line with high quality constant voltage maintaining the continuity of
production. In this paper, the usefulness of including DVR in distribution system for the purpose of voltage sag and swell mitigation is
described. Results of simulation using Matlab- Simulink are demonstrated to prove the usefulness of this scheme.
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The fundamental components of DVR are : The operating modes of DVR can be classified into
three as below:
1. Injection or Booster transformer
a. Protection mode:
2. Harmonic filter.
In case of high inrush current and short circuit fault on load,
3. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) the over current on the load side exceeds an allowable limit.
Then the DVR will get cut off from the systems by using the
4. DC Energy Storage Device and charging circuit.
bypass switches and providing alternate path for current
5. Control system. flow.
c.Injection mode :
DVR injects voltage through the injection transformer to
Figure:Equivalent Circuit of DVR compensate for any disturbance detected in the supply
voltage.
The DVR injection voltage is as written as in
VDVR = Vload + Zline Iload - Vsource 4.Voltage Compensation strategies of DVR
Where Compensation is achieved via real power and reactive power
Vload = Desired load voltage injection. Based on the compensation level required by the
Zline = Line impedance
99
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
load, there are three types of compensation strategies as sinusoidal PWM inverter, correction of any errors in the
mentioned below. series voltage injection and extinction of the trigger pulses
a. Pre-sag compensation: once the fault is cleared.
Non linear loads need both magnitude as well as
phase angle compensation. In pre-sag compensation
technique, DVR provides the difference between pre-sag
and sag voltage therefore restoring the voltage magnitude as
well as the phase angle to that of the pre-sag value.
Therefore this method is suited to nonlinear loads. However
this method needs a higher rated energy storage device and
voltage injection transformers.
b. In-Phase compensation:
Figure: Simulation block diagram of DVR
The DVR compensates only for the voltage magnitude in
this particular compensation method, i.e. the compensated
The dqo technique provides the magnitude of sag and details
voltage has an equivalent phase as that of sagged voltage
of phase shift with their beginning and finishing times. The
and it only compensates for the voltage magnitude. So this quantities are expressed as the instantaneous space vectors.
method minimizes the voltage injected by the DVR. The voltage is converted from a-b-c reference frame to d-q-o
Therefore it is suited for the linear loads, which do not need
reference. We ignore zero sequence components for
phase angle compensation.
simplicity. The control is implemented by comparing a set
reference voltage and the measured load phase voltage (Va,
c. In-Phase Advanced Compensation Method (IPAC):
Vb, Vc).
In this technique the real power spent by DVR is
The dqo transformation or otherwise called Park’s
minimized by decreasing the power angle between the sag
transformation is implemented here in the DVR controller.
voltage and the load current .In the two previous cases,
The dqo technique provides the magnitude of sag and details
namely pre-sag and in-phase compensation, active power is
of phase shift with their beginning and finishing times. We
injected into the system by the DVR during disturbances.
ignore zero sequence components for simplicity. The control
Moreover, the active power supplied is limited to is implemented by comparing a set reference voltage and the
the stored energy in the DC link and this part is one of the measured load phase voltage (Va, Vb, Vc).
most expensive components of the DVR. By creating the
The error signal formed b y the above comparison
injection voltage phasor perpendicular to the load current
phasor the minimization of injected energy is achieved. In is used as a control signal that generates a commutation
sequence pattern for the power switches of the VSI using
this technique one can change only the phase of the sag
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation technique (SPWM);
voltage because the values of load current and voltage are
voltages are controlled by modulation.
fixed in the system In brief, IPAC technique uses only
reactive power and unfortunately, all the sags cannot be
The equation that transforms the three phase a-b-c
mitigated without real power, as a result, this technique is
system to stationary dqo frame is given below equation
only appropriate for a limited sag range.
The role of DVR controller is the recognition of The abc to dqo Transformation computes the direct
voltage sag/swell issues in the power system; calculation of axis, quadratic axis, and zero sequence quantities in a two-
the compensating voltage, trigger pulse creation for the axis rotating reference frame for a three-phase sinusoidal
signal. In this transformation, phase A is aligned to the d-
100
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
axis that is in quadrature with the q -axis. The theta (θ) is A detailed simulation of the above DVR control
defined by the angle between phase A and the d-axis. system is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK program
to verify its operation under sag and swell conditions.The
6. Simulation Circuit and Results: input supply voltage , injected voltage and satisfactory
voltage compensation results are as shown in the below
waveforms.
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IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
The Voltage swell of the DVR and its compensation is as shown in the waveforms.
102
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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