You are on page 1of 5

International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248

Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102


_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell by Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power
Quality Improvement

G. Sravani, Dr. A. Rajesh,


Ph.D Scholar, Associate Professor,
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Communications
Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Engineering
Email: gsravani.271@gmail.com. CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana,
Email: arajeshmtech@gmail.com

Abstract-Power quality has become a major constraint for any type of load to get the better voltage quality. When the power quality is
considered ,the voltage sag/swell plays predominant role at different types of loads which decreases the quality of voltage at consumer end.
Inorder to overcome this situation, a Dynamic Voltage Restorer is connected in series to the system. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a series
connected power electronic based device which will quickly mitigate the voltage sags in the system and restore the load voltage to the pre-fault
value. DVR is considered as the best solution to overcome the problem of voltage sag/swell.
The primary advantage of the DVR is keeping the users always on-line with high quality constant voltage maintaining the continuity of
production. In this paper, the usefulness of including DVR in distribution system for the purpose of voltage sag and swell mitigation is
described. Results of simulation using Matlab- Simulink are demonstrated to prove the usefulness of this scheme.

__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

Introduction voltage sag or swell therefore preventing any power


Nowadays, Power quality is known as one of the extremely interruption to the sensitive load.
serious problems in electric power transmission and
distribution, due to its dangerous impact on electricity 1.Principle of operation:
suppliers, makers and users. Typically we will outline power
Dynamic Voltage Restorer is one of custom power
quality as the deviation of voltage, current and frequency
device specially used to maintain the load voltage constant
from its normal values in a power grid. Out of these power
in the distribution system. DVR has two operating modes. In
quality issues, voltage sag or swell causes more serious
normal operation mode it is in standby mode in which
problems in power system, both at transmission and
voltage injection by DVR is zero. Most of the time DVR
distribution level. Faults on electrical power system like
will be in standby mode and hence reduces the losses.
short circuit due to insulation breakdown at heavy load
conditions can cause voltage sag.

Nowadays everyone is demanding for reliable and


quality of power supply which can be accomplished by
custom power technology, which will take care of reliability
and quality of power supplied to the customer. Mainly there
are three devices in custom power technology which are –
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distribution STATCOM
(DSTATCOM) and Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC). Among which DVR is the best suitable device to
mitigate the voltage sag or swell and maintains the load
voltage constant. Figure: DVR Operation

Dynamic Voltage Restorer The operation of DVR is based on the


fundamental principle that a voltage waveform is injected
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is considered as through an injection transformer that is the difference
the most economic and efficient solution for various power between pre-sag and sagged voltage. This is often made
quality problems. It regulates the load side voltage possible by the supply of required real/active power from an
continuously just in case of any power quality problems like energy storage device together with reactive power. The
98
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
turns ratio of injection transformer and ratings of the energy Iload = Load current
storage device can put limitations on the maximum injection Vsource = System voltage during any fault conditions
capability of DVR. VDVR = DVR injected voltage

The Fundamental Components of DVR 3.Operating Modes of DVR:

The fundamental components of DVR are : The operating modes of DVR can be classified into
three as below:
1. Injection or Booster transformer
a. Protection mode:
2. Harmonic filter.
In case of high inrush current and short circuit fault on load,
3. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) the over current on the load side exceeds an allowable limit.
Then the DVR will get cut off from the systems by using the
4. DC Energy Storage Device and charging circuit.
bypass switches and providing alternate path for current
5. Control system. flow.

Figure:Block Diagram of DVR Figure:Protection Mode of DVR


b. Standby mode:
2.Equivalent Circuit of DVR:
Switching of semiconductors of VSI will not occur during
The equivalent circuit of DVR is as shown this mode and therefore the full load current can pass
in the figure. On detection of any reduction in the supply through the primary winding of injection transformer. The
voltage Vsource from any set value, the DVR injects a voltage, low voltage winding of the injection transformer is shorted
VDVR, in series through the injection transformer such that through the converter during this mode.
the desired load voltage, Vload can be maintained at the load
end.

Figure:Stand-by mode of DVR

c.Injection mode :
DVR injects voltage through the injection transformer to
Figure:Equivalent Circuit of DVR compensate for any disturbance detected in the supply
voltage.
The DVR injection voltage is as written as in
VDVR = Vload + Zline Iload - Vsource 4.Voltage Compensation strategies of DVR
Where Compensation is achieved via real power and reactive power
Vload = Desired load voltage injection. Based on the compensation level required by the
Zline = Line impedance
99
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
load, there are three types of compensation strategies as sinusoidal PWM inverter, correction of any errors in the
mentioned below. series voltage injection and extinction of the trigger pulses
a. Pre-sag compensation: once the fault is cleared.
Non linear loads need both magnitude as well as
phase angle compensation. In pre-sag compensation
technique, DVR provides the difference between pre-sag
and sag voltage therefore restoring the voltage magnitude as
well as the phase angle to that of the pre-sag value.
Therefore this method is suited to nonlinear loads. However
this method needs a higher rated energy storage device and
voltage injection transformers.

b. In-Phase compensation:
Figure: Simulation block diagram of DVR
The DVR compensates only for the voltage magnitude in
this particular compensation method, i.e. the compensated
The dqo technique provides the magnitude of sag and details
voltage has an equivalent phase as that of sagged voltage
of phase shift with their beginning and finishing times. The
and it only compensates for the voltage magnitude. So this quantities are expressed as the instantaneous space vectors.
method minimizes the voltage injected by the DVR. The voltage is converted from a-b-c reference frame to d-q-o
Therefore it is suited for the linear loads, which do not need
reference. We ignore zero sequence components for
phase angle compensation.
simplicity. The control is implemented by comparing a set
reference voltage and the measured load phase voltage (Va,
c. In-Phase Advanced Compensation Method (IPAC):
Vb, Vc).
In this technique the real power spent by DVR is
The dqo transformation or otherwise called Park’s
minimized by decreasing the power angle between the sag
transformation is implemented here in the DVR controller.
voltage and the load current .In the two previous cases,
The dqo technique provides the magnitude of sag and details
namely pre-sag and in-phase compensation, active power is
of phase shift with their beginning and finishing times. We
injected into the system by the DVR during disturbances.
ignore zero sequence components for simplicity. The control
Moreover, the active power supplied is limited to is implemented by comparing a set reference voltage and the
the stored energy in the DC link and this part is one of the measured load phase voltage (Va, Vb, Vc).
most expensive components of the DVR. By creating the
The error signal formed b y the above comparison
injection voltage phasor perpendicular to the load current
phasor the minimization of injected energy is achieved. In is used as a control signal that generates a commutation
sequence pattern for the power switches of the VSI using
this technique one can change only the phase of the sag
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation technique (SPWM);
voltage because the values of load current and voltage are
voltages are controlled by modulation.
fixed in the system In brief, IPAC technique uses only
reactive power and unfortunately, all the sags cannot be
The equation that transforms the three phase a-b-c
mitigated without real power, as a result, this technique is
system to stationary dqo frame is given below equation
only appropriate for a limited sag range.

5. Proposed Control Scheme:

The control scheme implemented here is with the


help of dqo transformation. Once a voltage disturbance
occurs, the output of the inverter can b e adjusted in phase
with the incoming ac source while the load voltage is
regulated. The output of inverter is equipped with inductors
and capacitors for filtering purpose.

The role of DVR controller is the recognition of The abc to dqo Transformation computes the direct
voltage sag/swell issues in the power system; calculation of axis, quadratic axis, and zero sequence quantities in a two-
the compensating voltage, trigger pulse creation for the axis rotating reference frame for a three-phase sinusoidal
signal. In this transformation, phase A is aligned to the d-
100
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
axis that is in quadrature with the q -axis. The theta (θ) is A detailed simulation of the above DVR control
defined by the angle between phase A and the d-axis. system is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK program
to verify its operation under sag and swell conditions.The
6. Simulation Circuit and Results: input supply voltage , injected voltage and satisfactory
voltage compensation results are as shown in the below
waveforms.

Figure: Simulation Circuit developed in MATLAB

Figure: Source voltage of the DVR

Figure: Voltage injected by DVR as a response to Sag

Figure: Voltage of the load after sag compensation

101
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 9 98 – 102
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
The Voltage swell of the DVR and its compensation is as shown in the waveforms.

Figure: Source voltage with Swell of 1.5 pu

Figure: Voltage injected by DVR as a response to Swell

Figure: Load voltage after compensation of the Swell

7.Conclusion: Problems ,” Proceeding of International Conference on


Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE), March
In this paper, the modelling and simulation of a 2013,Hyderabad.
DVR for 3Φ 415V, 50 Hz distribution system with [4]. C. Benachaiba, and B. Ferdi “Power quality improvement
Sinusoidal PWM based controller has been developed by using DVR”, American Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (3):
using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the 396-400, 2009.
[5]. Consalva J. Msigwa, Beda J. Kundy And Bakari
DVR compensates the sag and swell and provides excellent
M.M.Mwinyiwiwa, “Control Algorithm for Shunt Active
voltage regulation. The control system implemented here Power Filter using Synchronous Reference Frame Theory,”
relies on dqo technique which is a scaled error between World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
supply side of the DVR and its set reference value. 58,2009.
[6]. Priyanka Kumari, Vijay Kumar Garg, “Simulation of
8.References: Dynamic Voltage Restorer Using Matlab to Enhance
Power Quality in Distribution System”, International
[1]. Chellali Benachaiba, Brahim Ferdi, “Voltage Quality Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
Improvement Using DVR,” Electrical Power Quality and (IJERA), Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1436-1441.
Utilisation, Journal Vol. XIV, No. 1, 2008. [7]. M. Tumay, A. Teke, K. C. Bayindir, M. U. Cuma,
[2]. H.Ezoji, A.Sheikholeslami, M.Tabasi and M.M. Saeednia, “Simulation and modeling of a dynamic voltage restorer”,
“Simulation of Dynamiv Voltage Restorer Using Electrical & Electronics Engineering, pp.1-5, 2006.
Hysteresis Voltage Controller,” European Journal of [8]. Arindam Ghosh and G.Ledwich, “Compensation of
Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.27 No.1 (2009), Distribution System Voltage using DVR,” IEEE
pp.152- 166. Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol 17, No 4,October
[3]. Abrarkhan I. Pathan, S.S. Vanamane, “Simulation and 2002
Analysis of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality

102
IJFRCSCE | September 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________

You might also like