QUESTION BANK

1. What is the difference between the macroscopic and the microscopic approaches to
thermodynamics?
2. Define closed, open and isolated system and give one example of each.
3. The temperature of a system rises by 15°C during a heating process. Express this rise in
temperature in kelvin.
4. What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
5. Express Pascal’s law, and give a real-world example of it.
6. A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 35 kPa at a location where the atmospheric
7. where the atmospheric pressure is 94 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank.
8. Under what conditions the real gase behaves as an ideal gas?
9. What is the difference between R and Ru?
10. What is the physical significance of the compressibility factor Z?
11. State Dalton’s law of partial pressure.
12. Define specific heats at constant volume and at constant pressure.
13. What is heat transfer and what are different modes of heat transfer?
14. What is “Fourier’s Law of conduction”?
 15. What is “Newton’s Law of cooling”?
16. volume curve is greater than constant pressure curve on T-S diagram.
17. Oxygen is compressed reversibly and isothermally from 125 kPa and 27ºC to a final pressure
of 375 kPa. Determine change in entropy of gas?
18. Explain the difference between isentropic process and adiabatic process.

Long Questions:
1. A
2. A glass tube is attached to a water pipe, as shown in Fig. If the water pressure at the bottom of
the tube is 115 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa, determine how high the
water will rise in the tube, in m. Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. ANS:2.14m

3. 3 kg of nitrogen and 5 kg of carbon dioxide are mixed at 200 C, 300 kPa. Find
a) the mole fraction of the components.
b) the equivalent molecular weight of the mixture
c) the equivalent gas constant of the mixture.
4. The gage pressure of the air in the tank shown in Fig. is measured to be 80 kPa. Determine the
differential height h of the mercury column.

5. A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi-static process from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa for
which pv = constant. The initial density of air is 1.16 kg/m3. Find the work done by the piston
to compress the air.
6. For the cycle, find the work output and the net heat transfer if the 0.1 kg of air is contained in
a piston-cylinder arrangement.
 7. A system of volume V contains a mass m of gas at pressure p and temperature T. The
macroscopic properties of the system obey the following relationship:
(p + a / V2) (V- b) = mRT
Where a, b, and R are constants. Obtain an expression for the displacement work done by the
system during a constant-temperature expansion from volume V1 to volume V2. Calculate the
work done by a system which contains 10 kg of this gas expanding from 1 m3 to 10 m3 at a
temperature of 293 K. Use the values a = 15.7 ×10 Nm4 , b = 1.07 ×10−2m3 , and R = 0.278
kJ/kg-K.
8. A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at 5°C and delivers
heat to a reservoir at 60°C. The heat pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which takes in
heat from a reservoir at 840°C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 60°C. The reversible heat
engine also drives a machine that absorbs 30 kW. If the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from the
5°C reservoir, determine
(a) The rate of heat supply from the 840°C source.
(b) The rate of heat rejection to the 60°C sink.
14. Two Carnot engines A and B are connected in series between two thermal reservoirs
15. A heat pump is to be used to heat a house in winter and then reversed to cool the house in
summer. The interior temperature is to be maintained at 20°C. Heat transfer through the walls
and roof is estimated to be 0.525kJ/s per degree temperature difference between the inside and
outside.
(a) If the outside temperature in winter is 5°C, what is the minimum power required to drive
the heat pump?
(b) If the power output is the same as in part (a), what is the maximum outer temperature for
which the inside can be maintained at 20°C?
16. Calculate the entropy change of the universe as a result of the following processes:
(a) A copper block of 600 g mass and with Cp of 150 J/K at 100°C is placed in a lake at 8°C.
(b) The same block, at 8°C, is dropped from a height of 100 m into the lake.

Short Questions:
1. Define stress and strain of the material? What are the types of strain
2. long. If the rod is subjected to an axial tensile load of 1000 N, find its total elongation. (E = 200
GPa)
3. What is proof resilience of a material

Long Questions:
1. Find out the extension of uniformly tapering rectangular bar after applying axial load P with
schematic diagram.
2. An axial pull of 3500N is acting on a bar consisting of three length as shown in the figure. If the
young modulus =2.1 x 105. Determine
(i) stress in each section
(ii) total extension of the bar
3. A steel tube 30 mm external diameter and 20mm internal diameter enclose a copper rod of 15
mm diameter to which it is rigidly joined each other. If at a temperature of 10 OC there is no
longitudinal stress, calculate the stresses in the rod and tube when the temperature is raised to
200oC . Take E for steel and copper as 2.1x105 N/mm2 and 1 x105 N/mm2, respectively. The value
of co-efficient of linear expansion for steel and copper is given as 11x 10-6Per oC &18 x 10-6 per
o
C respectively.

4. A non-prismatic rod is 1000 mm long, its two ends are 40 mm2 and 30 mm2 in area and length
are 300 mm and 200 mm respectively. The middle portion of the rod is 20 mm2 in area and 500
mm long. If the rod is subjected to an axial tensile load of 1000 N, find its total elongation. (E =
200 GPa).

5. Draw the Stress – Strain diagram for ductile material (Mild steel) and explain.

6. A steel rod having a constant cross section of 0.003 m2 is attached to one end and is subjected to
three axial forces as shown in Fig. 7. Find the deformation of the free end if E = 200 GPa.
 Unit 5: Fluid mechanics and Mechanical measurements

Short Questions:
1. Define the following fluid properties:
Density, weight density, specific volume and specific gravity of a fluid.
2. Differentiate between real and ideal fluid.
3. What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity? State their units
of measurements.
4. State Newton’s law of viscosity.
5. Define Newtonian and non Newtonian fluid.
pd
6. Define surface tension. Prove that surface tension, s = for a liquid droplet.
4
7. Explain the phenomenon of capillarity? Obtain an expression for capillary rise of a liquid.
8. Cite examples, where surface tension effect plays a prominent role.
9. Explain the followings:
Compressibility, Vapour pressure.
10. State Pascal’s law.
11. Differentiate between: (i) Absolute and gauge pressure (ii) Simple and differential
manometer, and (iii) Piezometer and pressure gauges.
12. Name the different forces present in a fluid flow. Which forces are taken into consideration in
Euler’s equation of motion?
13. State Bernoulli’s theorem.
14. Calculate the density, specific weight and weight of one litre petrol of specific gravity 0.7.
15. What is dynamic viscosity? What are its unit?
16. Write down the name of two flow measuring instruments. Mention the unit of flow rate.

Long Questions:
1. A plate at a distance of 0.025 mm from a fixed plate, moves at 60 cm/s and requires a force
of 2 N per unit area i.e 2 N/m 2 to maintain this speed. Determine the viscosity of the
Newtonian fluid present between the plates.
2. Calculate the capillary effect in mm in a glass tube of 4 mm diameter, when immersed in (i)
water, and (ii) mercury. The values of surface tension of water and mercury at 20 oC in
contact with air are 0.073575 N/m and 0.51 N/m, respectively. The angle of contact for water
is 0 o and for mercury 130 o. Take density of water as 998 kg/m3.
3. Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity = 1poise. The oil is used for
lubricating the clearance between a shaft of diameter 10 cm and its journal bearing. The
clearance is 1.5 mm and the shaft rotates at a speed of 150 rpm.
4. The capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2 mm of water. Determine its minimum
size, given that surface tension for water in contact with air = 0.0725N/m.