Girouard 1

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

a. “Nixon: Raw Watergate Tape: dirty tricks underway..”. Filmed [n.d.]. Youtube Video, 0.53.
Posted [July 2011]. https://youtu.be/GzfYuznhKv8.

On July, 2011, a published a video on YouTube about Nixon’s dirty tricks. Nixon had
secret tape recordings in his office that recorded all his conversations, even the ones
about Watergate. In this tape, the President is talking to Ehrlichman about the dirty tricks
they’ve planned. Nixon was telling his concern about the resurfacing of all the illegal
operations. They confess to having people inside the media helping them with when and
how the stories get out. This source will be used to help show that Nixon was involved in
the dirty tricks that went on before election.

Archive, AP. “SYND 8-5-74 PRESIDENT NIXON REFUSES TO GIVE MORE MATERIAL
TO THE WATERGATE COMMITTEE”. Filmed [August 1974]. Youtube Video, 2.10.
Posted [July 2015]. https://youtu.be/bgKM14xaI0Q.

On July, 2015, AP Archive posted a video on YouTube of one of Nixon’s informants

twlling the press that Nixon refuses to give out the tapes. When people discovered that
President Nixon had secret tapes they protested for the tapes to be released. Nixon, on the
other hand, was a coward and didn’t want anyone hearing his incriminating tapes so he
told the public he would hand out summaries of the tapes. This wouldn’t cut it for anyone
and it moved Nixon closer to impeachment. Finally, the courts ordered Nixon to hand
over the tapes and after he did the citizens finally saw his guilt. This source will be used
to help explain how Nixon’s rise to power ended so quickly and why people turned on
Nixon.

Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. "Dean Alleges Nixon Knew of Cover-up Plan." The
Washington Post, June 3, 1973. Accessed September 9, 2018.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dean-alleges-nixon-knew-of-cover-up-
plan/2012/06/04/gJQAgpyCJV_story.html?utm_term=.44742ba69a2e.

On June 3, 1973, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward published in the Washington Post
newspaper a Watergate allegation. John W. Dean III was the former presidential counsel,
but he told the court he would talk if they gave him immunity. The president had almost
35 meetings with Dean a year, so Dean had much information about the president's
involvement with Watergate, but no complete evidence. Dean became involved with the
Watergate Scandal after June 17. He sat in on more than 15 FBI interrogations and he
received 82 of their investigative case files, which he would give to the president so they
could create cover stories. This source will be used by giving explanations as to how the
president got his Watergate information.

Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. "Nixon Debated Paying Blackmail, Clemency." The
Washington Post, May 1, 1974. Accessed September 25, 2018.
 Girouard 2

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061601001_5.html.

This source is a primary newspaper article written on May 1, 1974, by Carl Bernstein and
Bob Woodward in the Washington Post. With President Nixon’s involvement came many
problems, they had one cover-up after another and many blackmailings. The criminals
demanded one million dollars for their silence and since Nixon was so determined to
keep everything he did a secret he paid the burglars. With the help of John Dean, Nixon
was able to make it look like the money was coming through a Cuban commission and no
one suspected anything. Over time, Dean started to realize what the president was doing
and wanted the President to confess, but the president was already into deep and would
definitely have consequences. This source will be used to explain Nixon's hunger for
power and how he used that to rule his life.

Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. "Still - Who Hired Spies and Why."
The Washington Post, January 31, 1973. Accessed September 9, 2018.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/still-secret---who-hired-spies-and-
why/2015/09/21/24102d0a-6075-11e5-9757-
e49273f05f65_story.html?utm_term=.6698e7d3acb4.

This Newspaper article was published on January 31, 1973, in the Washington Post. The
five men who were apart of The Watergate Scandal all pled guilty on June 19. G. Gordon
Liddy one of the guilty men was receiving money from an outside source and the judge
that was involved with their case wanted to know who, but Hugh W. Sloan, Jr., the
former treasurer of the Committee for the Re-election of the President, only knew he got
the authorization from Jeb Stuart-Magruder. The judge, knowing that Sloan was just the
money man, pressed other suspects, but most of them wouldn't give the judge much
detail. This source will be used to show how loyal the president's officials actually were
to him.

File, Footage. “GERALD FORD PARDONS RICHARD NIXON”. Filmed [n.d.]. Youtube
Video, 0.50. Posted [November 2010]. https://youtu.be/_qC2b6ibOK0.

On November, 2010, Footage File released a video of President Ford’s pardon speech for
Nixon. President Nixon the 37th president resigned before he could be impeached and
ran. Once For became President he had to deal with all the repurcutions that Nixon had
created. President Ford had to assemble the government back into one piece. Ford was
eventually able to sway the Democrats, Republicans, Blacks, and public in general. Once
the Watergate Scandal had relatively calmed down the first thing President Ford did was
pardon Nixon of all his crimes. A variety of people were mortified that President Ford
would even think to do such a thing, but he did and even broadcasted his reasoning. This
resource will be used to help show what kind of President Ford became and the ways he
helped America get back on track.

Lehrman, Lewis E. President Nixon poses after delivering a nationwide television address
loaded with economic news. August, 1971. ASSOCIATED PRESS. The Wall Street
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Journal, New York City. November 2018.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUK
E
wjplY6Xz7TeAhXC4IMKHa-KC-UQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ws
j.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424053111904007304576494073418802358&psig=AOv
Vaw1rCqS1Tq-FFt0R8eACktAw&ust=1541210624219120.

This is a picture of Nixon announcing economic issues. It is used to show how Nixon was
helpful before power got to his head.

Salomon, Evie. Haldeman’s Note. December, 1969. Richard Nixon Presidential Library and
Museum, California. November, 2018.
https://cbsnews3.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2014/03/23/663b0c3a-7929-47e2-9e2d-
1a55aa80e74e/resize/770x/780a99fb8dcf4a63ff32ae20a01ae8b6/haldeman-collection-h-
notes-my-lai-credit-needed.jpg.

This is a picture of Haldeman’s notes he wrote down while talking to President Nixon
about the dirty tricks they did at My Lai. It is used to show how far Nixons administration
will go and how loyal they were.

Shesol, Jeff. Richard Nixon campaign in Philadelphia. September, 1968. Everett Collection,
CSU Archives, Colorado. November, 2018.
https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/01/07/books/review/07Shesol/07Shesol-jumbo.jpg?
quality=90&auto=webp.

This is a picture of President Nixon holding up two peace signs after hearing he won
presidency for a second term. This source will be used to show that President Nixon won
the 1972’ presidential elections.

Woodward, Bob, and Carl Bernstein. "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats." The
Washington Post, October 10, 1972. Accessed September 26, 2018.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/fbi-finds-nixon-aides-sabotaged-
democrats/2012/06/06/gJQAoHIJJV_story.html?utm_term=.0cf80509d48d.

This source is a primary newspaper article written on October 10, 1972, by Carl
Bernstein and Bob Woodward in the Washington Post. Before Nixon’s election, he had
pulled many strings to get to where he is and not all were good. Donald H. Segretti a
thirty-year-old former treasury helped Nixon out with his recruitment, he would convince
people to aid Nixon in his wrongful ways. Nixon ordered his people to mess the
democratic campaign up and make sure it can’t get back up. Segretti would inform
people of what they needed to do and how. This source will be used to explain how
Segretti helped Nixon and what Nixon did to other people's campaign because of his
hunger for power.

Woodward, Bob, and Carl Bernstein. "GOP Security Aide Among Five Arrested
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in Bugging Affair." The Washington Post, June 19, 1972. Accessed September 25, 2018.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061600582_4.html.

This source is a primary newspaper article and it was published on June 19, 1972, by Bob
Woodward and Carl Bernstein in the Washington Post. During Watergate, five people
were arrested for the burglary, James W. McCord Jr. was 53 and a former CIA agent, he
was also a colonel in the Air Force. There were also four other members involved, Frank
Sturgis served in Fidel Castro’s army, Eugenio R. Martinez was a real estate agent,
Virgilio R. Gonzales was a locksmith, and Bernard L. Barker was a native Havana who
worked for the CIA ever since the invasion of 1961 called the Bay of Pigs. Most all of the
criminals had some type of military background which made them obvious choices for
burglary and stealing. This source will be used to give more background on the people
involved in Watergate.

Secondary Sources

America, RT. “Watergate scandal 40 years later”. Filmed [n.d.]. YouTube video, 2:55. Posted
[June 2012]. https://youtu.be/rnPCEhIgNgc.

On June, 2012, RT America posted a YouTube video of Watergate 40 years later.

Watergate was a horrific event that helped improve our future and government. Many
people still haven’t gotten over their mistrust or sketicism of the government, but they do
agree that Watergate helped our country establish a better America. The video shows
some of the advantages and just the story of Watergate. Watergate was a wonderful,
disaster. This source will be used to show how America grew in the future and how the
government grew as well.

Anderson, Dale. Watergate: Scandal in the White House. Minneapolis: Compass Point Books,
2006.

This is book was published on September 1, 2006, by Compass Point Books in

Minneapolis. President Nixon was able to keep his involvement in Watergate a secret for
almost two years but had to dodge a vast amount of obstacles along the way. Including,
the persecution of his own people, cover-ups, and the releasing of the tapes, which was
what brought Nixon down. After, the tapes were obtained the court had enough
incriminating evidence to get an impeachment for Nixon and had enough citizens who
despised the President to get the impeachment passed. This source will be used to tell
how Nixon’s guilt was inevitably proved.

Archer, Jules. Watergate America In Crisis. Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 1975.

In 1975, Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, located in Toronto, published Jules Archer’s
book Watergate America In Crisis. It explains the process from start to finish about the
Watergate Scandal of 1972. It gives details about how Nixon won the election and began
as an amazing president but later plummeted because he was so focused on staying on top
 Girouard 5

that he violated his presidential oath. Nixon’s officials even turned their back on him,
making his impeachment and later resignation a definite. This source will be used to give
information and detail about the whole Watergate Scandal.

Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. "Mitchell Controlled Secret GOP Fund." The Washington
Post, September 29, 1972. Accessed October 13, 2018.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061600782.
html.

This source is a secondary newspaper article written on September 29, 1972, by Bob
Woodward and Carl Bernstein in the Washington Post. Secret sources for the Washington
Post had said that John N. Mitchell controlled the secret fund for Nixon campaign
operations against the Democrats. Officials like Liddy and Magruder withdrew money
from the account totaling to $75,000. Mitchell was the main controller but later four other
officials gained authority. This source will explain how all the democrat campaign
assassination operations were funded and some of the people involved.

Bernstein, Carl, and Bob Woodward. The Secret Man: The Story of Watergate's Deep Throat
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.

This source is a secondary book published in July 2005 by Bob Woodward and Carl
Bernstein. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were two reporters at the Washington Post
who helped solve the Watergate case. Bob Woodward had an informant inside the FBI
who would give them information on the case and they would write their newspaper
stories on the information. Their source was called Deep Throat, but his real name was
Mark Felt. This source will be used to show how Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
were able to crack the case.

Herblock, . "1966-1975: The Agonizing Age of Nixon." The Washington Post, December 31,
1995. Accessed October 13, 2018. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2007/08/10/AR2007081001355_pf.html.

This source is a secondary newspaper article written on December 31, 1995, by Herblock
in the Washington Post. President Nixon’s rise to power was not the easiest and he knew
that so Nixon tried cheating the system, thinking there wouldn’t be consequences. Once
he started Watergate he had broken into at least three government offices. Later, the tapes
were found revealing Nixon being racist and contradicting his every word. This source
will be used to reveal what the President was like before the presidency and how he
began his path to
Watergate.

Kilpatrick, Carroll. "Nixon Forces Firing of Cox; Richardson, Ruckelshaus Quit." The
Washington Post, October 21, 1973. Accessed October 13, 2018.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061600932
.html.
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This source is a secondary newspaper article written on October 21, 1973, by Carroll
Kilpatrick in the Washington Post. The Saturday Night Massacre was the night that
Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox was fired, Attorney General Elliot L. Richardson
resigned and Deputy Director Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus also resigned.
The President had ordered both of the Attorney Generals to fire Cox and they refused, so
they both resigned as well as all their staff. The President was eventually able to get
Solicitor General Robert H. Bork to fire Cox in a two-paragraph letter.

"President Signs D.C. Crime Bill." The Washington Post, July 29, 1971. Accessed September 25,
2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/president-signs-dc-crime-
bill/2012/06/07/gJQA4JyALV_story.html?utm_term=.8f8eadf566bd.

This source is a secondary newspaper article written on July 29, 1971, by Carl Bernstein
and Bob Woodward in the Washington Post. Before the Watergate Scandal of 1972,
President Nixon had done a lot of good governing the nation. He had created the D.C.
Crime Bill that would help the District of Columbia with their crime rates. The bill would
allow more judges and better ways of handling public procedures in court. This source
will be used to show people what President Nixon was like before the Watergate and how
he aided our country.

Ritchie, Donald A. "Investigating the Watergate Scandal." Oxford University Press 12, no. 4
(1998): 49-53. Accessed September 9, 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163236.

Donald A. Ritchie published his journal article in 1998 with Oxford University Press.
Two people from the Presidential Campaign Activities had opening statements to John
Dean and H.R. Haldeman’s testimonies. Both of the senator’s opening statements
included what Watergate might lead to in the future and what the Watergate Seven were
being convicted of in the case. It also added Richard Nixon’s defense that stated in a long
statement that he had nothing to do with the Watergate Scandal and that he had no
knowledge of it before John Dean told him. As for the testimonies, John Dean was
prosecuting the president in his statement saying that the president was connected to the
scandal while Haldeman said that both himself and the president didn’t know about
Watergate before they were told. This source will be used to explain what some of the
Presidents officials said about him and how he, himself pleaded.

Walsh, Edward. "Haldeman, Intensely Loyal, Key to Access to Nixon." The Washington Post,
May 1, 1973. Accessed September 26, 2018.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061600888.html.

This source is a secondary newspaper article written on May 1, 1973, by Edward Walsh
in the Washington Post. Harry Robbins Haldeman was the most trusted and loyal aide to
President Nixon, they had known each other since the mid-1950s. Even though it wasn’t
proven that Haldeman was part of the campaign sabotage and espionage there was
mounting evidence against him that proved otherwise. Haldeman used to be invisible but
he slowly crept his way up in the campaign and ended up becoming the vice president.
 Girouard 7

This source will be used to explain President Nixon’s past and the invisible aid that
helped him reach the presidency.

Witcover, Jules. "Pressure for Impeachment Mounting." The Washington Post, October 21,1973.
Accessed October 13, 2018.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/16/AR2005061600953
.html.

This source is a secondary newspaper article written on October 21, 1973, by Jules
Witcover in the Washington Post. With the firing of Watergate Special Prosecutor
Archibald Cox and the resignation of Attorney General Elliot L. Richardson and Deputy
Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus Nixon’s impeachment was becoming more
imminent. Many people were wanting Nixon to be impeached and the Supreme Court
was getting slammed at all side for the decision. Including Nixon’s refusal to hand over
the tapes the Supreme Court knew his impeachment would be evident. This source will
be used to reveal people's perspectives on the impeachment idea.