Brian Ghilliotti

Introduction to TCP-IP

Chapter 10 Case Studies

“Guide to TCP/IP” (pages 602-603)

11/11/2018

10-1:

A: Adopting applications that are independent of the IP version:

The “gethostbyname()” protocol needs replacement by the “getaddinfo ()” protocol. The
“getaddinfo()” protocol is used to resolve between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses based on what
was installed into the DNS and what must be returned. Replacing “gethostbyname()” protocol
with “getaddinfo()” makes the application’s IP version more independent of the name
resolution process.

B: Upgrading name resolution services:

Utilizing NMS as an upgrade can help networks translate numerical IP addresses used for TCP/
IP comms to computer names. Other protocols that can be used include Domain Name
System and Windows Internet Naming Service.

C: Updating Client Computers:

There are four main types of installations that can be enhanced to upgrade clients to perform in
mixed IPv4 and IPv6 environments:

Group Policy, Upgrades, Logon, and Manual installation

10-2:

1. Teredo Tunneling Adaptor may not work:

Resolution:

> Press Win+R and rype regedit

> Go to following location

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTE,\ CURRENTCONTROLSET\ SERVICES\ TCPIP6\

PARAMETERS.

> At right panel right click Disabled components. Then Edit

> Set DWORD value as 0

> Take restart10-3:

10-3:

IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnel

Tunneling is an encapsulation technology that encapsulates packets over a network layer

protocol as packets of another one for transmission. As a point-to-point (P2P) connection
technology, It provides a path by encapsulated packets are transmitted, where datagrams are
encapsulated at one end and then decapsulated at the other end of the tunnel.

Manual tunnels:

If a tunnel is created manually, a border router will be unable to obtain an IPv4 address at the
end point. AN end point IPv4 address must be manually configured before packets can be
transmitted to the remote border router.

Automatic tunnel: With automatic tunnels, border routers can obtain an IPv4 address
automatically at the end point. The addresses of the two nodes at both ends of the tunnel are
IPv6 addresses with IPv4 addresses embedded. The border router extracts IPv4 addresses
from inside the destination IPv6 addresses.

ISATAP Tunnel:

As an automatic tunnel technology, ISATAP tunnel specially format IPv6 address with an
embedded IPv4 address. Differing from IPv6-to-IPv4 address using the IPv4 address as the
network prefix, the ISATAP address will instead use the IPv4 address as the interface ID.