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SB0014:
CELL DIVERSITY,
REPRODUCTION, ECOLOGY
AND DEVELOPMENT
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
CHAPTER PAGE
3. CELL DIVISION 4
5. MOLECULES OF LIFE I 6
6. MOLECULES OF LIFE II 7
7. INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGETICS 8
8. REPRODUCTION 9
10. BIODIVERSITY 11
11. TAXONOMY 12
12. VARIATION 13
14. ECOLOGY 15
1
CHAPTER 1: CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE
2. State 3 comparisons between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells and support your
answer with the aid of a diagram. (8 marks)
3. Briefly explain the reason why transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) are suitable
to be used to study the internal structure of cells? (2 marks)
2
CHAPTER 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLES
A.
C.
B.
D.
2. Cell wall is important for plant cell to provide support. Briefly explain how the
structure of cell wall related to its function? (2 marks)
4. State one function of the centriole and lysosome found in animal cells. (2 marks)
6. State the reason why rough endoplasmic reticulum appear rough under the electron
microscope and identify the process that takes place in the rough endoplasmic
reticulum. (2 marks)
3
CHAPTER 3: CELL DIVISION
b. Chiasma (1 mark)
c. Tetrad (1 mark)
d. Chromatid (1 mark)
2. Describe the process of cytokinesis in plant cells with the aid of a diagram. (3 marks)
3. Briefly explain the reason on the different mechanisms between the cytokinesis in
plant and animal cells. (2 marks)
4. Name the type of cells that undergone mitosis and meiosis, respectively. (2 marks)
6. Compare between prophase in mitosis and prophase I in meiosis with the aid of
diagram. (6 marks)
4
CHAPTER 4: PLASMA MEMBRANE AND MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES
5
CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES OF LIFE I
1. Name the bonds that hold the water molecules together. (2 marks)
3. A student observed a water strider running across the surface of water in a pond.
Briefly explain the phenomenon based on the properties of water. (4 marks)
5. State the bond formed between glycerol and fatty acids. (1 mark)
6. State the reason why steroids are classified as lipids even tough steroids do not
contain fatty acids. (2 marks)
6
CHAPTER 6: MOLECULES OF LIFE II
2. Briefly explain the difference between purine bases and pyrimidine bases with the aid
of diagram. (4 marks)
4. State the reason why amino acids are known as amphoteric. (1 mark)
5. Name the bonds that hold the tertiary structure of protein. (3 marks)
6. Explain the effect of exposing enzymes to temperatures greater than 40oC. (4 marks)
7
CHAPTER 7: INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGENTICS
a) Energy (1 mark)
b) Bioenergetics (1 mark)
6. Calculate G if the reaction carried out at pH 7, 250C with Keq value 2.23 x 105. Based
from your answer, determine the spontaneity of the reaction. (6 marks)
8
CHAPTER 8: REPRODUCTION
1. Name the type of reproduction in Hydra sp. And Hibiscus sp. Identify how does hydra
reproduce? (3 marks)
4. Briefly explain how the secondary oocyte prevents the penetration of more than one
sperm. (2 marks)
c. the fetus
6. Explain the roles of the following hormones during female menstrual cycle: (4 marks)
a. FSH
b. Estrogen
9
CHAPTER 9: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
3. Why does the growth rate rapidly increase during exponential phase in a sigmoid
growth curve? (2 marks)
4. State the growth pattern of a fish and briefly describe the growth pattern as stated.
(3 marks)
6. State a difference between the role of hCG and prolactin in female reproductive
processes. (2 marks)
10
CHAPTER 10: BIODIVERSITY
3. State the characteristic used to further classify vascular plants into distinct groups. (1
mark)
4. Jellyfish and Hydra are characterized as cnidarians. State the two basic body forms
of cnidarians and explain. (2 marks)
6. List four animals in Malaysia that are recognized as endangered species based on
IUCN Red List. (4 marks)
11
CHAPTER 11: TAXONOMY
12
CHAPTER 12: VARIATION
b. Outbreeding (1 mark)
c. Speciation (1 mark)
13
CHAPTER 13: POPULATION GENETICS
1. Briefly explain the difference between allele frequency and genotype frequency. (4
marks)
3. State the reasons why Hardy-Weinberg law and equation are not applicable in a
natural population. (4 marks)
5. In a controlled fertilisation of a type of flower, 166 out of 800 flowers are white
flowers. Red flowers in the population are dominant over the white flowers. Calculate
the genotype frequencies in the population. (4 marks)
14
CHAPTER 14: ECOLOGY
15