Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In the past years our educational system focuses only on its old way of teaching which the “chalk

talk technique” is quite challenging to each student. The idea do not allow students to explore more

expresses their thoughts creatively, it limits how far their critical thinking would go. It creates lesser

opportunity to the learners. It lessens the things that they can actually do with the knowledge that they

have because we are only focusing on the old way of teaching. But as the time goes by things change and

these changes really have big impact on the educational system that we have today.

From time to time our world is upgrading especially in the field of technology, these technology

truly invades the world of teaching industry. Teaching becomes more meaningful and fun. Integration of

technology in education means using of technologies in teaching introduce reinforces, supplement, and

extend skills. This means that technology serve as a way of making learning more effective to learners. It

makes learning easy and accessible. Imagine in just one click we have easy access in all aspect of

knowledge that we want to know. But does this really help the teachers to deliver the lesson very well? Is

technology can aid variety of learners? Is it boon or bane towards teaching?

Docstader (2008) defined technology integration as the use of technology tools in general

learning areas in education that allow students to apply computer and technology skills to learning and

problem solving skills. this concept picture out a classroom of exemplary users of technology which aids

technology to set standard for students as well as the teachers. As per goal of technology integration in

education is to apply technology tools and students could benefit excellence out from it. But it is merely

unattainable because technology changes timely. There is a constant and continuous change in technology

that’s why technology integration in education is also changing and improving. But the question is does
these changes help the learners specifically the K-12 students where in fact they are still on the verge of

coping the new curriculum?

Technologies in education widen opportunities’ to make learning easier. These technology tools

allows learner not to stick beyond limits but to explore more. It hones learners’ technology skills such as

operating the computer while learning. Teachers’ ability to integrate technology is a topic of growing

concern given the importance of technology and the 21st century skills readiness both in academic and the

global society. This study investigated the technology integration barriers that teachers faced today. This

study assesses the impact of technology in education specifically the K-12 students who have undergone a

lot of coping situation. This study emphasizes how technology affects the teachings and learning process

of the teachers and the students. This also determines the loopholes of the use technology application

inside the classroom. On the other hand, the administrative facilitator has been also evaluated to identify

the success or unsuccessful implementation of technology in the classroom or the entire institution.

However, integration of ICT in the classroom has been limited to this point. As with many

schools trying to function effectively within limited budgets, time has become a priceless commodity to

overburdened teachers and the technology funds are invested in providing additional and updated

hardware and software programs. Although this school does have a long term technology plan, focus is on

the acquisition of ICT components rather than the effective integration of them into the classroom. These

is the biggest concern of this study.

This study aim to collect data regarding the impact of technology tools in education specifically

in K-12 students to further conclude whether it is effective or not. This aim to give teachers more relief

and stress free teaching hence maintains quality education. But also do not replaced the role of the

teacher. The purpose also of this study is to improve the integration of technology in education despite of

the rapid evolving technology. Although global advancement in the span and availability of schools,

rarely maintain the same momentum in the access to equipment, educator professional development, and
on site educational support (Lee and Spires, 2009;Ritzhaupt, Dawson, and Cavanaugh,2012). Despite

these drawbacks, educator as a community carry the responsibility for preparing students for a future that

includes 21st century technology readiness skills (hohfeld, Ritzhaupt, Baron, Kemker, 2008; Jones, Fox

and Douglas, 2011: Larson and Miller, 2012; Voogt and Rblen 2012).

Theoritical Framework

Theoretical framework is a structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The

theoretical framework introduce and describes the theory that explains why research problem understudy

exist.

Cognitivism is a learning theory developed by jean piaget in which a child develops cognitive

pathways in understanding and physical response to experience. This theory students learn most

effectively through reading text and lecture instruction. Cognitive learning theorist believe learning

occurs through internal processing of information.

Unlike behaviorism, cognitive information processing is governed by an internal process rather

than by external circumstances. Cognitive information processing is based on the thought process behind

the behavior. The theory based on the idea that humans process the information receive rather than merely

responding to stimuli.

Constructivism theory suggests that humans contruct knowledge and meaning from their

experiences. Constructivism is not specific pedagogy. Piaget’s theory of constructivist learning has a wide

ranging impact on learning theories and teaching methods in education and is an underlying theme of

many education reform movements. Constructivism is an philosophical viewpoint about the nature of

knowledge.
 Specifically, it represents an ontological stance. The concept of constructivism has influenced a

member of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, education, and history of science.

Constructivism examined the interaction between human experiences and their reflexes or behavior-

patterns.

Behaviorism is a worldview that operates on a principle of stimulus response. All behavior

caused by external stimuli, all behavior can be explained without the need to consider internal mental

states or consciousness. Behaviorism is a theory that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding

to environment stimuli.

The learning starts off as a clean state and behavior is a shaped through positive reinforcementnor

negative reinforcement. Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the

antecedent behavior will happen again.

In contrast, punishment decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again.

Positive indicates the application of the stimulus. Learning is therefore defined as a change in behavior in

the learner.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework is the paradigm that shows the entire research process. This includes the

independent variable which the researcher identified as educational technology. Also we formulated the

dependent variable which is the educational effectiveness. Lastly we have the moderating variable which

is not related to the research process but will affect the flow of the research. This is the respondents’

profile.
 Educational Technology Educational Effectiveness
 Educational Communication  Cognitive
 Educational Resources  Psychomotor
 Educational Materials/tools  Affective
 Educational relationship

Respondents Profile:

Age:

Gender:

Religion:

Tribe:

Fig. 1: The conceptual framework research entitled “The use of Educational Technology in Relation to

the Educational Effectiveness of Mati Doctors Academy Junior High School Students.”

Educational communication

It is an approach which attempts to change or reinforce a set of behaviors in a target students

regarding specific problems or topics in a predefined period of time.

Educational materials

Is an elaboration of a set of learning opportunities, organized around a well-defined theme/topic in

such a way students can use for their easy way of learning.
Educational resources

Are a freely accessible openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets that are useful for

teaching, learning, and assessing universal usage.

Educational relationship

Relationship education promotes practices and principles of premarital education, relationship

resources, relationship restoration, relationship maintenance, and evidence-based marriage.

Cognitive

Is a mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience,

and the senses.

Affective

A concept used in psychology to describe the experience of feeling or emotion. The term affect takes

on a different meaning in other fields. In interaction with stimuli.

Psychomotor

Psychomotor learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement, coordination, manipulation,

dexterity, grace, strength, speed-actions which demonstrate the fine motor skills, such as use of precision

instrument or tools.

The following problems that had been identified to guide the researcher about the process.

The following questions are:

 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Religion; and

1.4 Tribe

2. What is the extent of the use of educational technology on Mati Doctors Academy Junior High

Schools students in terms of:

2.1 Educational Communication;

2.2 Educational Resources;

2.3 Educational Materials/tools; and

2.4 Educational Relationship

3. What is the extent of educational effectiveness on

3.1 Cognitive;

3.2 Affective; and

3.3 Psychomotor

4. Is there a significant relationship between educational technology and educational effectiveness

among Mati Doctors Academy Junior High School Students?

Research Hypothesis

Research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement about the

possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a population, such as

presumed differences between groups on a particular variable relationships between variables.

The following null hypothesis is:

HO1: There is no significant relationship between educational technology and educational effectiveness at

Mati Doctors Academy Junior High School students.

Significance of the Study

The success of this research is highly beneficial to the following group, organization and

individuals.

Today’s students are taught to be technologically aware and prepare. The purpose of this study is

to make an assessment on the impact of the new media technology compare to the traditional media

technology to improve technology integration inside the classroom. Henceforth, the study will be focus

on the rising effect of the technology integration in teaching-learning process. The main benefactor of this

research is the following:

Junior High School Student. The target of this study is to assess the impact of the traditional

media and the new media in the teaching-learning process to identify the best way students can learn even

though there is a sudden change in the curriculum.

Teachers. Teachers could highly benefit from this study because they can figure out what media is more

relevant. Hereafter, they can be aware the technology tools they can use to make learning and teaching

effective.

Administration. The administration of Mati Doctors Academy has fair advantage from this investigate

process since they were able to know what are the factors affecting the use of technology tools inside the

classroom. They will be fully aware what are the teachers need to successfully integrate technology tools

that ensure effective teaching and learning.

Mati Doctors Academy. The school will truly gain from this research since the goal of this study is to

assess what media integration is way more effective in the teaching learning process in order to have

quality education. The teachers together with the school administration will be aware on what are things

to be done to improve the effectiveness of their teaching. The selection of technology tools will help them

develop and improve environment in teaching and learning process.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Scope and delimitation in the thesis or research paper is contains the explanation o what

information or subject is being analyzed. Research usually limited in scope by sample size, time and

geographic area. While the description of the scope of study. It will explain why definite aspects of a

subject were chosen and why others were excluded. It also mention the research method use as well as the

certain theories that applied to the data.

The school that we reffered to conduct our study is at Mati Doctors Academy Junior High School,

City of Mati, Davao Oriental to present the private school, and Badas National High School, Mati Davao

Oriental to present the public school.

The respondents will be fifty (50) students of each school without the ability to respond each

question we prepared. We conducted the research on the school year 2018-2019. The conduction of this

study is to support our research to provide that the views and opinions here in stated are true and certified.

Definition of Terms

Internet, a worldwide computer network that connects other computer networks, including

government, private and educational networks, using common communication protocols that allow data

and information to be accessed and exchanged.

 ICT- Information Communication Technology, is an umbrella term that includes any

communication device or application, encompassing, radio, television, cellular phones, computer and

network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on.

IT- Information Technology, it refers to anything related to computing technology, such as

networking, hardware, software, the internet.

Hardware, the mechanical electronic or physical components o a computer system, including disk

drives, circuits, screens, moderns, cables, speakers, printers, etc.

Media, refers to various means of communication. For example, television, radio, and the newspaper

are different types of media.

New Media refers to those “digital media that are interactive, incorporate two way communication

and involve some form of computing. New media is very easily processed, stored, transformed, retrieved,

and hyperlinked and, perhaps most radical of all easily searched for and accessed. (Robert Logan,

Understanding New Media)

SEM-Search Engine Marketing, refers to paid search marketing, a system where business pay goggle

to show their ads in the search results.

SEO- Search Engine Optimization, is different because don’t pay goggle for traffic and clicks; rather,

they earn a free spot in the search results by having the most relevant content for a given keyword search.

Software, the instructions that control what a computer does; computer programs

Technology, any application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. (Hlynka and Jacobsen,

2009). Physical examples of technology are rapidly changing as new advances are made using scientific

information and understanding making a clear, accurate definition difficult to ascertain. (Cummings and

Buzzard, 2002).
 Traditional media, constitutes a set of media covering media channels such as television,

newspapers, radio, and magazines.

Traditional teaching methods, teaching method involving teacher-centered instruction in which

teachers transmit information, skills, and values to students through direct instruction. Most often the

entire class is taught as one group and textbooks are used on a regular basis to guide students daily work.

(Cuban, 2006)