NB

ICS27.140
P 26
Record Number：J1934-2014

Energy Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China

P NB/T 35045—2014
Superseds DL/T 5018—2004

Code for manufacture installation and acceptance

of steel gates in hydropower engineering

Issued on October 15, 2014 Implemented on March 1, 2015

Issued by National Energy Administration

 NB/T 35045-2014

National Energy Administration

Announcement

11th in 2014

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the notification of the management

method and the enforcement regulation of the standardization of industries in energy
field and issued by National Energy Administration, National Energy Administration
approved 330 industrial standards such as Carbon steel and low alloy steel for
pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant seventeenth parts: main steam system
with push elbow, in which 71 energy standards, 122 electric power standards and 137
petroleum and natural gas industry standards are included. Now, they are released as
follows.
Attachment: catalog of industrial standards

National Energy Administration

Oct. 15, 2014
Attachment:
Catalog of industrial standards
Collecting
Standard Replaced Approval Implementation
No. Standard name & editing
No. standard date date
No.
...

Code for manufacture

installation and
NB/T
54 acceptance of steel gates DL/T5018-2004 2014-10-15 2015-03-01
35045-2014
in hydropower

engineering

....

I
 NB/T 35045-2014

Foreword
In accordance with the requirements of the notification of releasing the formulation & revision
plan of the first batch of industrial standards in energy field in 2010 issued by National Energy
Administration, the drafting group has performed extensive investigation and researches and
summarized practical experiences seriously. In light of the technical requirements of relevant
national and industrial norms, the drafting group finally achieved to revise this code. During the
process, the drafting group took advices far and wide, and they also combined the development
of the advanced technologies of the manufacture & installation of steel gates in hydropower
engineering domestic and overseas in recent ten years.
The technical contents of this code consist of welding, bolt connection, surface protection,
manufacture of gates and embedded parts, installation of gates and embedded parts and
manufacture, installation, acceptance of trash racks.
The main revised technical contents of this code include:
----Supplementing and revising the relevant requirements of welding procedure qualification;
adding the welding procedure qualification with thickness of cladding layer not involved in
calculation of design strength of stainless clad steel plates; adding the stipulation of welding
procedure qualification by carrying out pre-production welding test; supplementing welding
procedure qualification factors; adjusting the classification of parentmetal.
----Adding the preparation and assembling requirements of grooves.
----Adding the stipulation of the size, interval and thickness of plug welds and slot welds.
----Adding that TOFD can be used for the Non-destructive Testing of internal quality of welds.
----Adding that vibration stress-relief can be used for weldment.
----Adding the relevant stipulation of the installation requirements of high-strength bolts and the
inspection of tightening torque.
----Adding the requirements of pull-off test for the inspection of film adhesion.
---- Adding the relevant stipulation of chrome plating and quality detection of chromium coating.
----Cancelling compreg and adding engineering plastic alloy.
----Adding the stipulation of the manufacture & installation quality of the bottom sill and lintel
reverse radial gates adopting steel sealing as bottom sealing; adding the manufacture &
installation requirements of both radial gates adopting longitudinal parting and reverse radial
gates.
----Adding the quality requirements of the manufacture & installation of the embedded parts of
radial gates adopting pressure-actuated water seal, the manufacture of pressure-actuated device,
the installation of pipe embedded parts, the installation of embedded parts and seal, the test
pressure-actuated system and seal.
----Adding the stipulation of first stage embedded parts and the staging installation of gates and
embedded parts.
----Adding the requirements of the allowable deviation of hinged support with spherical
bearings.
----Adding the installation technique sequence of radial gates with pressure-actuated water seal
and eccentric trunnion shaft type water seal and embedded parts.
----Adding the relevant stipulation of the manufacture & installation of triangle gates; adding that
the contact area of axle sleeve and mushroom head shall be not less than 75%.
----Adjusting and supplementing the acceptance contents.
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 NB/T 35045-2014

This code is under the jurisdiction of National Energy Administration; and China Renewable
Energy Engineering Institute proposed it and is responsible for the routine management of this
Code. Standardization of Hydropower Metal Structure and Gate Hoists is in charge of the
explanation of technical specifications. Any opinions or suggestions arise during the executive
process, please send to China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute (address: No.2,
Liupukang North Street, West District, Beijing. Post code: 100120).
Chief editorial units of this Code: China Gezhouba (Group) Corporation
China Gezhouba Group Machinery & Ship Co., ltd.
Coediting units of this Code: China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute
Gezhouba Group Electromechanical Construction Co., Ltd
China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group
Corporation
Main drafters of this Code: Zhang Weiming, Li Lili, Nan Ping, Lin Zhaohui, Wang
Shouyun, Qi Weiguo, Zhang Jianzhong, ZuoChen, Chen
Qunyun, Gong Jianxin , Mei Jun
Main examiners of this Code: Li Sheng, Li Hongchun, Wang Zhaocheng, Mei Yan, Chen
Hong, Hu Baowen, Fang Hanmei, Yuan Changsheng, Jia
Gang, Zhao Jinping, Zhao Fuxin, Wei Yunming, Yao
Changjie, Luo Wenqiang, Li Zichong, Tan Shoulin, Lu
Yiting, Chen Xia, Zhao Jianfang, Lu Wei, Li Weizhong, Wan
Tianming, Zhao Yongping, Wu Xiaoning, Xiong Jianming,
Zhao Xing, Guan Jian, Wang Rong, Gui Gensheng, Zeng
Hui, Fan Yilin, Li Shisheng

III
 NB/T 35045-2014

CONTENTS

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................... II
1. General Provisions ........................................................................................................................ 1
2. Terms and Symbols ....................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Terms ................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Symbols............................................................................................................................... 2
3. Basic Requirements....................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Technical documents ........................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Materials and equipment ..................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Benchmarks and Measuring Tools ...................................................................................... 6
3.4 Marks, Package and Transport ............................................................................................ 6
4. Welding ......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 WPQ .................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Qualifications of welders and weld-inspectors ................................................................. 13
4.3 Preparation and assembling requirements of grooves ....................................................... 13
4.4 Welding procedure requirements....................................................................................... 15
4.5 Weld inspection ................................................................................................................. 20
4.6 Weld repair and treatment ................................................................................................. 23
4.7 Postwelding stress-relief heat treatment ............................................................................ 23
5. Bolted connection ....................................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Preparation of bolt holes ................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Preparation of bolts ........................................................................................................... 25
5.3 The preparation, inspection of high-strength bolted connection faying surfaces and the
inspection of bolt connection sets ........................................................................................... 26
5.4 Bolt tightening................................................................................................................... 27
6. Surface protection ....................................................................................................................... 29
6.1 General requirements ........................................................................................................ 29
6.2 Surface pretreatment ......................................................................................................... 29
6.3 Coating materials and application ..................................................................................... 30
6.4 Quality inspection of painting and coating ....................................................................... 31
6.5 Metallic spraying............................................................................................................... 32
6.6 Quality inspection of metallic coating .............................................................................. 32
6.7 Chrome plating .................................................................................................................. 32
6.8 Quality inspection of chrome plating ................................................................................ 33
7. Manufacture of gates and embedded parts .................................................................................. 34
7.1 Manufacture of parts and individual component............................................................... 34
7.2 Castings and forgings ........................................................................................................ 38
7.3 Manufacture of embedded parts ........................................................................................ 43
7.4 Manufacture of plain gates ................................................................................................ 46
7.5 Manufacture of radial gates ............................................................................................... 51
7.6 Manufacture of mitre gates and triangle gates .................................................................. 59
8. Installation of gates and embedded parts .................................................................................... 63
8.1 Installation of embedded parts .......................................................................................... 63

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 NB/T 35045-2014

8.2 Installation of plain gates .................................................................................................. 71

8.3 Installation of radial gates ................................................................................................. 72
8.4 Installation of miter gates and triangle gates ..................................................................... 74
8.5 Gate testing ....................................................................................................................... 77
9. Manufacture and installation of trash racks ................................................................................ 79
9.1 Manufacture of trash racks ................................................................................................ 79
9.2 Installation of trash racks .................................................................................................. 79
10. Acceptance ................................................................................................................................ 81
10.1 General requirements ...................................................................................................... 81
10.2 Acceptance of manufacture ............................................................................................. 81
10.3 Acceptance of installation ............................................................................................... 82
Appendix A Chemical Compositions and Mechanical Properties of Common Steels .................... 83
Appendix B Welding Procedure Qualification (WPQ) of Stainless Clad Steel .............................. 98
Appendix C Preparation, size, testing methods and acceptance criteria of mechanical property
test plates for welding procedure qualification ............................................................................. 100
Appendix D Recommended formats of preliminary welding procedure specification and
procedure qualification record ...................................................................................................... 107
Appendix E Measurement of mean slip coefficient and tightening torque of high-strength bolts 113
Appendix F Surface cleanliness grades of steel substrates preparation ........................................ 115
Appendix G Computation sheet of atmospheric dew point .......................................................... 117
Appendix H Inspection of metal coating thickness and bonding performance ............................. 118
Appendix J Steel castings for general works and structures ......................................................... 120
Appendix K Quality Carbon Structural Steels l and lloy constructional steels ............................. 122
Appendix L General technical specification for forgings ............................................................. 126
Appendix M Conventional materials of supporting slide tracks ................................................... 133
Appendix N Physical and mechanical properties of rubber seals ................................................. 136
Explanation of Wording in this Code ............................................................................................ 137
Reference List of Normative Standards ........................................................................................ 138

V
 NB/T 35045-2014

1. General Provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated to promote hydropower development and unify the technical
requirements of manufacture, installation and acceptance of hydraulic steel gates. In
development of this Code, the technology advancement over the past decade is considered, and
the principles of safety, reliability, state of the arts, and cost effectiveness are followed.
1.0.2 This Code applies to the manufacture, installation and acceptance of steel gates for
hydropower projects and the alike.
1.0.3 This Code specifies the technical requirements of manufacture, installation and acceptance
of hydraulic steel gates (including trash racks).
1.0.4 The manufacturers and installation contractors of hydraulic steel gates shall establish a
sound quality assurance system, which shall be strictly followed.
1.0.5 The manufacture, installation and acceptance of steel gates in hydropower project shall also
conform to relevant current national standards.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

2. Terms and Symbols

2.1 Terms

2.1.1 Welding procedure qualification (WPQ)

The test process and results assessment implemented for the purpose of verifying the correctness
of the proposed welding procedure for weldments.
2.1.2 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS)
The welding procedure document drafted for WPQ.
2.1.3 Procedure qualification record (PQR)
Recording verifying experiment and test result and the assessment of the selected preliminary
welding procedure specification.
2.1.4 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
The welding procedure document compiled according to qualified PQR and real welding
condition, which is used for guiding welding procedure.
2.1.5 Welding working instruction (WWI)
Detailed processing documents connected with the manufacturing welding which is used in
welding process and can guarantee the repeatability of construction quality.
2.1.6 Welding imperfection and defect
Welding imperfection refers to the discontinuity, non densification and poor connection of metal
in either welded joint or base metal allowed by nondestructive testing standard. Welding
imperfection exceeding the specified limit is called welding defect.
2.1.7 Test piece
Weldment made according to preliminary welding procedure specification for the test of WPQ.
2.1.8 Test specimen
Standard or nonstandard sample prepared for testing according to relevant standards.
2.1.9 Surface preparation
Surface treatment of base metal by mechanical or chemical means before coating to improve the
anticrossion effect and the adhesion between coating and base metal.
2.1.10 Compressed air blast cleaning
The process of cleaning and roughening the surface of base metal with the help of impact effect
of high-speed abrasive flow driven by compressed air.
2.1.11 Faying surface
The contact surface between plates connected by high-strength bolts.
2.1.12 Mean slip coefficient
The ratio of friction resistance to normal stress (equal to pretension force of bolt) on the faying
surface when a relative slippage occurs between the two faying surfaces connected by
high-strength bolts.
2.1.13 Friction-type joint
A type of connection relying on the tightening force of high-strength bolts to create friction
resistance between adapting pieces for shear transfer so as to tightly integrate the components,
parts or plates.

2.2 Symbols

A-percentage elongation after fracture

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 NB/T 35045-2014

k- torque coefficient
Pc- pretension force of high-strength bolt
Ra-surface roughness
Rz- surface roughness parameter
Rm- tensile strength
ReL- lower limit of yield strength
ReH- upper limit of yield strength
Rp0.2- strength at the specified plastic elongation 0.2%
Sa-the symbol of compressed-air blast cleaning or centrifugal blast cleaning
Tc- final screw torque of high-strength bolt
Tch-check torque of high-strength bolt
μ - mean slip coefficient of faying surface of high-strength bolts connection
Z-percentage reduction of area
δmax-maximum thickness of plate

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. Basic Requirements
3.1 Technical documents

3.1.1 The following documents shall be available prior to manufacture of gates and embedded
parts:
1) Design drawings (including general drawings, assembly drawings and parts drawings) and
technical documents;
2) Quality certificates of main steels, welding materials and protective materials.
3) Quality certificates of outsourced standard and nonstandard parts.
3.1.2 The following documents shall be available prior to installation of gates and embedded
parts:
1) Design drawings, including general drawings, assembly drawings, parts drawings, relevant
hydraulic structure drawings and layouts of gates and hoists, and technical documents.
2) Ex-works conformity certificate of gates and embedded parts.
3) Acceptance documents and quality certificates for the manufacture of gates and embedded
parts.
4) Shipping list, delivery documents and assembly serial number diagrams.
5) Location plan of control points for installation.
3.1.3 Gates and embedded parts shall be manufactured and installed according to the design
drawings and documents. If any change is necessary, a design amendment notice shall be issued
as per the procedure specified in the contract.

3.2 Materials and equipment

3.2.1 The steel used for both gates and embedded parts shall conform to design drawings. The
technical requirements shall comply with the design documents and the following current
national standards: GB/T 699 Quality carbon structural steels, GB/T 700 Carbon structural
steels, GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled steel plates and sheets,
GB/T 710 Hot-rolled quality carbon structural steel sheets and strips, GB/T 711 Hot-rolled
quality carbon structural steel plates, sheets and strips, GB 713 Steel plates for boilers and
pressure vessels, GB/T 1591 High strength low alloy structural steels, GB/T 3077 Alloy structure
steels, GB/T 3274 Hot-rolled plates,sheets and strips of carbon structural steels and high
strength low alloy structural steels, GB/T 3280 Cold rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip,
GB/T 4237 Hot rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip, GB/T 8165 Stainless steel clad plates,
sheets and strips. Meanwhile, ex-works quality certificate shall be provided. The chemical
composition and mechanical property of common steels and the surface quality requirements of
steel plates are stated in Appendix A.
3.2.2 The steels delivered to factory shall be subject to acceptance inspection. The quality of
steels shall meet the requirements of contract, product technical standards and GB/T 17505 Steel
and steel products - General technical delivery requirements.
3.2.3 The steels delivered to factory shall be re-inspected in accordance with the requirements of
contract. For steels with a blurry mark, uncertain material type or quality, another re-inspection is
needed. These steels shall not be put into use until the result of re-inspection conforms to
relevant standards.
3.2.4 Ultrasonic flaw detection of steel plates, if necessary, shall be in accordance with GB/T
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 NB/T 35045-2014

2970 Method for ultrasonic testing for thicker steel plates or JB/T 4730.3 Nondestructive testing
of pressure equipments -Part 3: Ultrasonic testing. The type, location, percentage and quality
acceptance criteria of the steels needing ultrasonic testing shall be stated explicitly in the
contract.
3.2.5 The sampling point and test specimen preparation of steel plates for performance testing
shall conform to GB/T 2975 Steel and steel products--Location and preparation of test pieces for
mechanical testing, and the test method shall conform to GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile
testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature, GB/T 229 Metallic Materials--Charpy
pendulum impact test method and GB/T 232 Metallic materials--Bend Test (eqv ISO 7438).
3.2.6 Welding materials (including electrodes, welding wires, fluxes and shielding gases) shall
have ex-works quality certificates. Re-inspection shall be carried out if there is uncertainty of
mark or material, and welding materials shall not be used until the result of re-inspection
conforms to relevant standards. Welding materials shall accord with the following provisions:
1. Indexes of electrodes such as chemical composition, mechanical property and diffusible
hydrogen content shall conform to GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding
of non-alloy and fine grain steels (eqv ANSI/AWS A5.1), GB/T 5118 Covered electrodes for
manual metal arc welding of creep-resisting steels and GB/T 983 Covered electrodes for manual
metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels.
2. Welding wires and fluxes used for submerged-arc welding shall conform to GB/T 5293
Carbon steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (eqv ANSI/AWS A5.17), GB/T
12470 Low-alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (neq ANSI/AWS A5.23)
and GB/T 17854 Stainless steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (eqv IIS
Z3324).
3. Welding wires used for gas shielded welding shall conform to GB/T 8110 Welding electrodes
and rods for gas shielding arc welding of carbon and low alloy steel (neq ANSI/AWS), GB/T
10045 Carbon steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding, GB/T 17493 Low alloy wteel flux
cored electrodes for arc welding, GB/T 17853 Stainless steel flux cored wires and YB/T 5092
Stainless steel wires for welding.
4. For the gases used for gas shielded welding: CO2 shall conform to GB/T 6052 Industrial liquid
carbon dioxide, and the purity shall not be less than 99.5%; Ar (a chemical element) shall
conform to GB/T 4842 Argon, and the purity shall not be less than 99.9%; mixed gas Ar+CO2
shall conform to HG/T 3728 Mixed gas for welding Argon-Carbon dioxide.
3.2.7 Welding materials firstly used shall be demonstrated and reviewed according to established
procedure, and the manufacturer shall provide the technical information regarding chemical
composition, mechanical property and recommended welding parameter of the deposited metal
of the material. It shall not be used for the manufacture and installation of gates and embedded
parts until the WPQ is accomplished.
3.2.8 Arc air gouging carbon electrodes shall conform to GB 12174 Air-arc gouging carbon
electrodes.
3.2.9 Cutting gases shall meet the following provisions:
1. Oxygen shall meet the quality requirements of GB/T 3863 Industrial oxygen, and the purity of
O2 shall not be less than 99.5%.
2. Acetylene shall meet the quality requirements of GB 6819 Dissolve acetylene, and the purity
of C2H2 shall not be less than 99.5%.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. Propylene shall meet the quality requirements of HG/T 3661.1 Burning gases for welding and
cutting –Propylene, and the purity of C3H6 shall not be less than 99.5%.
4. Propane shall meet the quality requirements of HG/T 3661.2 Burning gases for welding and
cutting – Propane, and the purity of C3H8 shall not be less than 99.5%.
3.2.10 It shall be insured that the facilities and equipment adopted in the manufacture and
installation of gates are precisely corresponding to what they are meant to be used for before
being put into service. Regular inspection shall be implemented during the use. Facilities
requiring metrological verification shall be within the period of validity. Besides, the following
provisions must be met:
1. Lifting lugs, riggings and steel wire ropes used for hoisting must be confirmed by calculation.
2. Hoisting equipment for construction must be checked and confirmed in good condition.
3. Electric devices like electric welding machines must be well electrically insulated and reliably
grounded.
4. Reliable measures against fire and fall must be taken, and corresponding facilities must be
equipped.

3.3 Benchmarks and Measuring Tools

3.3.1 The precision of all measuring instruments and steel rulers used for the manufacture and
installation of gates and embedded parts shall meet the following provisions:
1. The precision of steel rulers shall not be inferior to Grade 1.
2. The accuracy of theodolites shall not be inferior to Grade DJ2.
3. The accuracy of levels shall not be inferior to Grade DS3.
4. The angular accuracy of total stations shall not be lower than 0.5‟‟, and the ranging accuracy
shall not be lower than (1+1×10-6) mm, where is measuring distance in millimeter. For the
nominal accuracy of laser zenith telescopes: 1/40000 for measuring distance below 100m and
1/20000 for measuring distance above 100m
5. The accuracy of thickness gauges for coating shall be ≤(3%H+1)μm (H is real thickness of
measured coating) .
6. The accuracy of surface thermo detectors shall be ≤5℃.
3.3.2 The measuring tools and instruments used for the manufacture and installation of gates and
embedded parts shall be subject to regular verification and calibration by professional agency or
department with metrology testing qualification. Meanwhile, they shall only be used within the
period of validity. If a corrected value is provided in the verification, the data from the
instrument shall be corrected accordingly.
3.3.3 The bench mark used for elevation and setting axis measurement and control points for
installation shall be distinct, precise, firm and easy for use. The survey firm shall hand over these
bench marks and control points, including the coordinates, to the installation firm and quality
control department.

3.4 Marks, Package and Transport

3.4.1 The manufacture and transportation sections of the gates shall be marked with the
following information:
1. Name of manufacturer.
2. Product name.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. Mark of production license and serial number of product.

4. Type of the product or main technical parameters.
5. Date of manufacture.
6. Centroid point, weight and gross weight of transportation unit of the gate.
3.4.2 Gate leaf shall be numbered in section and the machined surfaces of gates and embedded
parts shall be reliably protected. Embedded parts shall be numbered in section and may be
packed up in bale and laced firmly with steel frame. Accessories shall be encased in complete
set.
3.4.3 The components of gates shall be protected from damages or deformation during lifting;
they shall be placed steadily in proper position and fastened reliably when loaded on truck. For
the transportation of those parts with over length, width or height, danger warning board shall be
attached and attentions shall be paid to protecting the road, bridge, communication and electrical
facilities.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

4. Welding
4.1 WPQ

4.1.1 WPQ shall be carried out before manufacture and installation of steel gates. Welders or
welding operators of the firm shall implement the welding process with facilities of the firm. All
facilities and instruments shall be working normally. Steels and welding materials shall be
provided with quality certificates and shall meet the requirements of standards. WPQ shall be
based on reliable evaluation data of steel weldability.
4.1.2 The general process of WPQ includes: developing the pWPS, welding test piece and
checking test specimen, preparing and checking test specimen, determining whether welded
joints possess required usability and developing PQR to qualify the pWPS.
4.1.3 WPQ factors consist of major, supplementary and minor factors.
1. Major factors refer to those factors affecting the mechanical property and bending property of
welded joints (for stainless steel, corrosion resisting property shall be included).
2. Supplementary factors refer to those factors affecting the impact ductility of welded joints.
Supplementary factor shall be added if impact test is specified.
3. Minor factors refer to those factors having no obvious effect on the mechanical properties and
bending properties of welded joints (for stainless steels, corrosion resisting properties shall be
included).
4.1.4 Steels shall be classified and grouped in accordance with chemical composition, type of
metallographic structure, mechanical property and welding property as showed in Table 4.1.4.
Table 4.1.4 Classification of base metal
Nominal yield strength
Class Group (MPa)/metallographic Designation Standard No.
structure type
GT/T 699,GB/T 700,
Ⅰ Ⅰ-1 ≤295 20,Q235,Q275,Q245R
GB 713
Ⅱ-1 ＞295but≤370 Q345,Q345R,Q370R GB/T 1591, GB 713
Ⅱ
Ⅱ-2 ＞370 but≤420 Q390,Q420 GB/T 1591
06Cr19Ni10,12Cr18Ni9,
Ⅲ Ⅲ-1 Austenitic stainless steel GB/T 4237
06Cr18Ni11Ti
Austenite-ferrite diphasic
Ⅳ Ⅳ-1 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N
stainless steel
GB/T 4237
Martensitic-austenitic
Ⅴ Ⅴ-1 04Cr13Ni5Mo
diphasic stainless steel
4.1.5 WPQ may not be repeated in one of the following cases:
1. The qualified & approved WPQ which has been verified by the firm approving the PQR.
2. The qualification of a higher group of steel may substitute that of a lower group of steel in the
same class according to the steel classification in Table 4.1.4 if major factors and supplementary
factors remain unchanged.
3. The qualification of steel with the same quality grade in the same group may substitute each
other.
4. The qualification of steel with a higher quality grade may substitute that of lower quality grade

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 NB/T 35045-2014

of steel in the same group.

4.1.6 Welded joints consisting of steels in different class shall be re-qualified even if both classes
of steels have passed the WPQ respectively. However, for welded joints consisting of steels in
classⅠand Ⅱ, the WPQ may not be implemented if steel in classⅡ has passed the WPQ.
4.1.7 The imported steel of each grade, if firstly used, shall be subject to WPQ. The WPQ of the
imported steels may not be carried out on condition that its welding performance has been
clearly understood with the chemical composition and mechanical properties equivalent to those
of a certain designation with WPQ indicated in table 4.1.4
4.1.8 The WPQ shall be implemented again if welding process changes.
4.1.9 Re-qualification shall be made for those having passed the WPQ but with change in one of
the following major factors.
1. The change of steel class or the steel thickness exceeding the application range stipulated in
Tables 4.1.12-1~4.1.12-4.
2. The change of first two digits of model numbers of carbon steel electrodes, low alloy steel
electrodes or welding wires used for gas shielded welding.
3. The preheat temperature being over 50℃ lower than the acceptance value of the WPQ.
4. The change of shielding gas type or mixing proportion of shielding gases; the cancelation of
shielding gas or the replacement of single shielding gas by mixed shielding gases.
5. The change of the transition mode of gas metal arc welding from spray arcing, droplet arcing
or pulse arcing to short circuit arcing, or vice versa.
4.1.10 For test pieces requiring impact ductility test, if the major factors are the same as that of
welding procedure with the WPQ and only one or several of the following supplementary factors
are added or changed, a test piece used for impact ductility shall be added in accordance with the
added or changed supplementary factors.
1. Replace low-hydrogen coated electrodes with non-low-hydrogen coated electrodes.
2. Replace the lower-shock absorption power flux-cored wires with the higher shock absorption
power flux-cored wires.
3. Change the current type or polarity.
4. Change the qualified welding position to vertical welding.
5. The maximum interpass temperature is 50℃ or above higher than the qualified interpass
temperature.
6. The line energy or the volume of deposited metal per unit length exceeds 15% of acceptable
limit or above.
7. For submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW), multi-pass welding
on each side is changed to single-run welding on each side.
8. For submerged arc welding or GMAW, single-wire welding is changed to multi-wire welding
or vice versa.
9. The temperature range and holding time of heat treatment for post-weld stress relief are
changed.
10. The steel with a lower quality grade is changed to that with a higher grade in the same group.
4.1.11 If the major factors and supplementary factors are identical to those with the WPQ and
only the following minor factors are changed, only the WPS or WWI shall be modified.
1. Welding groove form and dimensions.
2. Cancel steel lining boards for welding by one side.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. Add or cancel nonmetal or non-melt metal weld backing.

4. Diameter of electrodes and welding wires.
5. All welding positions except vertical up welding.
6. Vertical up welding or vertical down welding for root pass needing back chipping.
7. Change post heating temperature range and holding time after welding and before postweld
heat treatment.
8. Change of current or voltage which does not exceed 20% of qualified acceptance value.
9. Shield gas flow rate.
10. Weaving welding or non-weaving welding.
11. Preweld cleaning and interlamination cleaning method.
12. Back chipping method.
13. Swing amplitude and frequency of welding wires, and standing time at both ends.
14. CTWD (contact tube to workpiece distance).
15. Manual, semi-automatic or automatic operation.
16. The welds being peened or not.
4.1.12 The qualification rules for the thickness of test piece, weldment and weld metal shall meet
the following provisions:
1. The qualified welding procedure of butt weld of test piece is applicable to the effective range
of weldment thickness and weld metal thickness, as shown in Table 4.1.12-1 or 4.1.12-2.
Table 4.1.12-1 Specification of test piece thickness of butt weld and the thickness of
weldment and weld metal(with tensile test and transverse bending test) (mm)
Thickness of base Applicable to the effective range of base Applicable to the effective range of weld
metal of test piece δ metal thickness of weldment metal thickness of weldment
and weld metal of
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
test piecet
δ (t)≤ 10 1.5 2δ unlimited 2t
10＜δ (t)＜20 5 2δ unlimited 2t
20≤δ (t)＜38 5 2δ unlimited 2t(t＜20)
20≤δ (t)＜38 5 2δ unlimited 2δ(t≥20)
a
38≤δ(t) ≤150 5 200 unlimited 2t (t＜20)
a
38≤δ (t) ≤150 5 200 unlimited 200a(t ≥20)
＞150 5 1.33δa unlimited 2t(t＜20)
a
＞150 5 1.33δ unlimited 1.33δa (t≥20)
Note:
a. a is confined to shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas
metal arc welding (GMAW)
2. For the test pieces welded by shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, GTAW or
GMAW and requiring impact test, the qualified welding procedure shall be applicable to the
weldments: (1) if δ is greater than or equal to 6mm, the minimum value of effective range of
base metal thickness is the test piece thickness δ or 16mm, whichever is smaller; (2) if δ is less
than 6mm, it is δ/2. If a test piece goes through the post weld heat treatment in which the
temperature is higher than upper transformation temperature or solution treatment for welded
austenite materials, Table 4.1.12-1 or4.1.12-2 shall still apply.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. The maximum of the effective range of welding procedure receiving a qualification of

conformity which is applicable to weldment base metal thickness meets the specification of
Table 4.1.12-3 if a test piece with a big thickness meets the condition listed in 4.1.12-3.
4. If a test specimen accords with the welding condition listed in Table 4.1.12-4, the maximum of
welding procedure that receives a qualification of conformity which is applicable to the base
metal of weldment shall follow the specification of Table 4.1.12-4.

Table 4.1.12-2 Specification of test piece thickness of butt weld and the thickness of
weldment and weld metal (with tensile test and longitudinal bending test) (mm)

Thickness of base Applicable to the effective range of base Applicable to the effective range of weld
metal of test piece δ metal thickness of weldment metal thickness of weldment
and weld metal of
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
test piece
δ (t)≤ 10 1.5 2δ unlimited 2t
＞10 5 2δ unlimited 2t

Table 4.1.12-3 Specification for the thickness of base metal of test piece and
weldment under following conditions (mm)

Base metal Applicable to the effective range of weld

Welding condition thickness of test metal thickness of weldment
No.
piece
Minimum Maximum

Determined by the
Shielded metal arc welding &
WPQ result of other
gas metal arc welding are used
1 ≥13 welding processes
for backing weld, and the WPQ Conforming to
used for the
is implemented separately Table
subsequent welding
4.1.12-1,4.1.12-2 or
Weldment with
2nd clause of 4.1.12
2 partial-penetration of butt ≥38 Unlimited
welding
3 Rewelding or repair welding ≥38 Unlimited

Table 4.1.12-4 Specification for the thickness of test piece

and weldment under following conditions (mm)

Welding condition Applicable to the maximum thickness of weldment

No.
of test piece Base metal Weld metal
For test piece adopting single-pass welding
1 or multi-pass welding, if the thickness of 1.1δ
any weld bead exceeds 13mm Conforming to Tables
For GMAW with short circuiting transition, 4.1.12-1 and 4.1.12-2
2 if the thickness of test piece is less than 1.1δ
13mm
3 For gas metal arc welding with short Conforming to Table 1.1t

11
 NB/T 35045-2014

circuiting transfer, if the thickness of weld 4.1.12-1, Table 4.1.12-2

metal of test piece is less than 13mm or 2nd clause of 4.1.12
4.1.13 If the qualified welding procedure of butt welds or fillet welds of test pieces is used for
fillet welds of weldment, the effective range of weldment thickness is unlimited.
4.1.14 In qualification of pWPS, butt welding test piece shall be adopted for butt welds, fillet
weld test pieces or butt welding test pieces for fillet welds and butt welding test piece for
composite welds; extra composite welding test pieces shall be added if composite welding test
pieces require a complete penetration.
4.1.15 If two or more welding processes are used for the same weld or welding procedure with
different major factors and supplementary factors are adopted, the WPQ may be implemented by
each welding process or welding procedure; the composite qualification may be conducted for
the test piece adopting two or more welding processes or welding procedures. If the welding
procedure receiving a composite qualification is used for weldment, one or more welding
processes or welding procedures may be adopted, but major factors and supplementary factors
shall remain unchanged and the thickness and deposited metal of weldment of each welding
process or welding procedure shall lie in the respective effective range as qualified in advance.
4.1.16 Test pieces for the WPQ of stainless steel clad plate shall be made of stainless steel clad
plate. The WPQ of stainless steel clad plate shall meet the relevant provisions of appendix B.
4.1.17 The mechanical property test items and the number of sample plates of butt weld test
pieces shall conform to Table 4.1.17 unless otherwise specified; test piece preparation, test piece
size, test method and acceptance criteria are referenced to Appendix C.
Table 4.1.17 Item and sample number of mechanical property test and bending test
Tensile test
(number of Bending test a,b (number of test Hardness Impact testc,d,e (number
Thickness of
test specimens) test f of test specimens)
base metal of
specimens)
test piece,δ
Heat
(mm) Face Back Lateral
Tensile Weld zone affected
bending bending bending
zone
δ≤12 2 2 2 - 3 3
12＜δ＜20 2 2 2 3 3
δ≥20 2 - - 4 3 3
Notes:
a. If the bending performance between the base metal at both sides of the weld or between the weld metal and
base metal are obviously different, the transverse bending test may be replaced by longitudinal bending test. For
longitudinal bending test, face and back bending samples shall be taken, two for each respectively.
b. If the thickness of base metal of test piece ranges from12mm to 20mm, the two face bending samples and two
back bending samples may be replaced by four transverse side bending samples. Side bending test shall be
implemented when composite qualification is carried out.
c. The impact test specimens shall be taken in the heat affected zone in each side if the designations of base metal
on both sides of the weld differ.
d. The tension face of tensile test specimen and bending test specimen shall include both weld metal and head
affected zone of each welding process or welding procedure if a test piece embraces two or more welding

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 NB/T 35045-2014

processes or welding procedures; the weld zone and heat affected zone of each welding process or welding
procedure shall be subject to weld impact test if specified.
e. Impact test may be ignored if small impact test specimen (5mm×10mm×55mm) can not be prepared.
f. Hardness test shall be implemented where heat treatment is required, and the hardness test shall be conducted
in accordance with GB/T 2654 Hardness test methods of weld joints.
4.1.18 The test pieces of composite welds and fillet welds are detailed in Appendix C.
Test pieces shall be subject to visual inspection, and shall be tested in accordance with JB/T
4730.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing. The test piece
shall then be cut into 5 sections for macro metallographic inspection of cross section.
4.1.19 Pre-production welding test shall be used for qualification on condition that the property
of joint is relatively highly affected by some factors (such as dimension and restraint condition
etc.) of actual welded joint and the correctness of WPS cannot be verified by standard test piece.
The qualification methods shall conform to GB/T 19868.4 Welding procedure qualification
based on pre-production welding test.
4.1.20 After the WPQ is conducted, the responsible welding engineer shall prepare the PQR and
make a comprehensive conclusion. Only the qualified PQR can be used for guiding production.
For the format of PQR, refer to Appendix D. The qualified PQR may be universally applied in
the same quality management system.

4.2 Qualifications of welders and weld-inspectors

4.2.1 The firm undertaking the welding construction of steel gates in hydropower projects shall
have qualified welding technicians, welding inspectors, nondestructive testing (NDT) inspectors,
welders and welding machine operators.
4.2.2 Welders and welding machine operators engaged in welding of Class 1 and 2 welds of
gates shall be examined according to SL 35 The testing rule of welder for hydraulic steel
structure, DL/T 679 Code for welder technical qualification or other approved rules for
examination of welders, they shall also obtain corresponding qualification certificates.
4.2.3 The steel type, welding process and welding position shall be in conformity with the
qualified items of examination in which welders and welding machine operators participated.
4.2.4 Welding inspectors shall receive specialized technical training and get corresponding
qualification certificate for the post.
4.2.5 NDT inspectors must be trained and qualified according to GB/T 9445 Non-destructive
testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel and shall gain General National
Vocational Qualification Certificate and pass the qualification approval of relevant industry
departments. NDT inspectors at all levels shall carry out the testing work corresponding to the
certified items of qualification certificate in the light of the principle and procedure specified in
GB/T 5616 Non-destructive testing - guidelines for application. The quality assessment and
inspection record review shall be conducted by NDT inspectors with grade 2 or above.

4.3 Preparation and assembling requirements of grooves

4.3.1 The material preparation of weldment and groove machining shall meet the following
requirements:
1. The material preparation of weldment and groove machining may adopt machining, thermal
cutting and carbon arc gouging for cutting and dadoing.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

2. For the groove prepared by thermal cutting, the quality of its cutting face shall meet the grade
Ⅰrequirement of JB/T 10045.3 Thermal cutting - Quality and dimensional deviation in the gas
cutting and JB/T 10045.4 Thermal cutting -- Quality and dimensional deviation of plasma
cutting.
3. For low-alloy high-strength steels, the hardening layer shall be ground if thermal cutting is
used for material preparation.
4. The stainless steel layers shall be faced up if the groove of stainless steel clad plates adopts
plasma cutting; the stainless steel layers shall be faced down if flame cutting is used for grooves.
4.3.2 After material preparation and groove machining are completed, the following shall be
checked and assembling shall not be implemented until qualified.
1. For steels with a relatively large tendency of hardenability, spot check of machined groove
surfaces shall be carried out by NDT if the material preparation adopts thermal cutting.
2. No defects like crack, scale, breakage and burr exist on the groove surface or its sides within
20 millimeters.
3. Groove dimensions meet the requirements.
4.3.3 Before weldments are assembled, the oil, water, rust and dirt within 20mm at both sides of
groove shall be cleared off to expose the metallic lustre.
4.3.4 Welding groove dimensions shall conform to the construction drawings. The allowable
deviations of groove dimension shall conform to Table 4.3.4 after assembling if not specially
required.
Table 4.3.4 Allowable deviation of groove dimensions after assembling
No. Description Without back gouging With back gouging
1 thickness of root face ±2mm Unlimited
+2mm
2 Root gap (without backing) ±2mm
-3mm
+6mm
3 Root gap (with backing) Not Applicable
-2mm
+10° +10°
4 Groove angle
-5° -5°
+3mm
5 Groove root radius Unlimited
-0mm
4.3.5 If the deviation of assembly clearance exceeds the corresponding value in Table 4.3.4 but is
not more than double of the thickness of the thinner plate of welded joints or 20mm (whichever
is smaller), it is permitted that bead welding with the same welding procedure as that of weld is
used for both sides or one single side of the groove, aiming at meeting the specified requirements
of groove dimensions. Nevertheless, the following provisions shall be met:
1. No discarded electrode, rebar or iron ore is allowed to fill in the gap.
2. Surface quality inspection shall be carried out layer by layer during bead welding, and the
groove shall be ground and trimmed to its designated dimensions after bead welding.
3. Additional NDT shall be conducted for the position embracing bead weld according to the
length of bead weld and gap size.
4.3.6 The front/back surface of two weldments to be assembled shall be flush with each other for
the assembling. Where misalignment exists, its value shall meet the following provisions:

14
 NB/T 35045-2014

1. The partial misalignment value of class 1 weld shall not be greater than 10% of the thickness
of weldment, nor exceeding 2mm.
2. The partial misalignment value of class 2 weld shall not be greater than 15% of the thickness
of weldment, nor exceeding 3mm.
3. The partial misalignment value of class 3 weld shall not be greater than 20% of the thickness
of weldment, nor exceeding 4mm.
4. The misalignment value shall be determined based on the thinner weldment if welments with
different thickness are assembled.
4.3.7 T-joints and the interconnecting piece of partial penetration welds shall be tightly
assembled, and the root gap between two assembly units shall not be over 3mm; bead welding
shall be implemented on the surface of the end of plates, which shall be ground and trimmed to
meet the requirements of the gap if the gap is over 3mm wide.
4.3.8 If the root gap of interconnecting piece of T-joints‟ fillet welds falls into the range of 1mm
to 3mm, the gap value of leg size of fillet welds shall be increased correspondingly.
4.3.9 The gap between the two contact surfaces of overlap joints, plug welded joints and slot
weld joints, additionally the gap between backing and base metal, shall not exceed 1mm.

4.4 Welding procedure requirements

4.4.1 Unless otherwise specified by the contract or design documents, welds of steel gates can be
divided into 3 classes according to the loading conditions, service condition, stress state, quality
characteristic and importance degree of their locations.
1. Class-1 weld:
1) Butt welds of webs and flange plates of main beams, side beams, arms and columns of gates.
2) Butt welds connecting lifting lugs to the gate leaf or trash racks; butt welds of webs and flange
plates of pull rods.
3) Composite welds or fillet welds connecting the webs of the main beam and the side beam of
the gate, butt welds connecting flange plates of the main beam and the side beam.
4) Composite or fillet welds for steering hanger.
5) Composite welds connecting diaphragms of end post to webs and the end plates of the main
beams of mitre gates.
2. Class-2 weld:
1) Butt welds of the skin plate of gates.
2) But welds of webs and flange plates of main beams and side beams of trash racks.
3) Composite welds or fillet welds connecting flange plates to webs of main beams, side beams,
arms and columns of gates.
4) Composite welds or fillet welds connecting main beams or side beams to the skin plate of
gates.
5) Composite welds or fillet welds connectng linkage plates to arms or columns.
6) Composite welds or fillet welds connecting lifting lugs to gate leafs.
3. 3. Class-3 weld: welds other than class-1 and class-2 .
4.4.2 The welding unit shall prepare WPS or WWI in accordance with the structural feature and
quality requirements of the gate together with the qualified PQR before the manufacture and
installation of the gates and embedded parts.
4.4.3 For the welding of the same kind of steel, the mechanical properties of weld metal shall

15
 NB/T 35045-2014

weigh against that of base metal if the steel is carbon steel or low-alloy high-strength steel.
Meanwhile, the tensile strength of weld metal shall not be greater than the sum of the upper limit
of tensile strength for base metal specified in standard code plus 30MPa; for stainless steel, the
tensile strength of weld shall not be lower than that of base metal, and the chemical composition
of welds shall be comparable to that of base metal.
4.4.4 For welding of dissimilar steels like carbon steels or low-alloy high-strength steels, the
welding materials shall be selected based on the steels with a lower strength or the design
drawings, and the welding procedure shall be chosen according to the steels with a higher
strength.
4.4.5 The selection of welding material for stainless steel clad plates shall meet the following
provisions:
1. For substrate weld metal, the mechanical properties of welded joints shall be ensured, and its
tensile strength shall not be greater than the sum of the upper limit of tensile strength of base
metal which is specified in standard code and 30MPa.
2. For the weld metal of stainless steel layer, corrosion resisting properties shall be guaranteed,
and the content of main alloy shall not be lower than the lower limit value of base metal which is
specified in standard code.
3. Transition welds shall be used between substrate and stainless steel layer, welding materials
with a high content of Cr and Ni shall be selected.
4.4.6 Welding materials shall be stored and baked as follows:
1. Electrodes, welding wires and fluxes shall be placed in a ventilated and dedicated store room
with temperature above 5 ℃ and relative humidity not exceeding 60%. Welding materials shall
be stored, baked, dispensed and retrieved by specially-assigned person, and the baking
temperature and time shall be in accordance with the welding material instructions. Besides, the
record of measured baking temperature, dispensing and retrieving of welding materials shall be
well made.
2. The baked welding materials shall be stored in a 120-150℃ thermostat, and no sheding of
electrode coating or obvious crack is allowed.
3. Electrodes used on site shall be stored in thermostat with power supply, and the thermostat
shall be covered after welding materials are taken out for welding. Electrodes should not be
stored in thermostat for over 4 hours, or they shall be baked again. Baking shall not be repeated
more than twice.
4. Fluxes shall be cleaned or all replaced if foreign materials get mixed in it.
5. Welding wire shall be cleared off rust and oil dirt before use.
6. Flux-cored wires shall be timely used up after being unsealed. Unused welding wires shall be
sealed and packed for storage.
7. Other requirements shall conform to JB/T 3223 Management Regulation of Welding Material
Quality.
4.4.7 Welding conditions shall meet the following requirements:
1. The maximum wind speed should not be greater than 2m/s for gas shielded arc welding, and
not be greater than 8m/s for other welding processes, otherwise effective measures shall be
taken.
2. Protective measures shall be adopted for welding if welding operation zone encounters the
following conditions:

16
 NB/T 35045-2014

1) Relative humidity of welding operation zone is greater than 90%.

2) The surface of weldment is wet or is exposed in rain, water, ice or snow.
3) The operating conditions of welding not conforming to GB/T 9448 Safety in welding and
cutting.
3. Heating or protective measures shall be taken if the ambient temperature of welding falls in
the range from -10℃ to 0℃. The temperature should not lower than 25℃ or the stipulated
minimum preheating temperature, whichever is higher, within an area not less than triple of plate
thickness around welding joints at all directions and not less than 100 mm. The temperature
should not lower than that value during the whole welding process.
4.4.8 The steel used for end tab sand steel backing shall conform to Chapter 3 of this code. Its
strength shall not be greater than that of the welded steel, and it shall possess the similar
weldability with welded steel. Meanwhile, it shall meet the following provisions:
1. End tabs should be set at the end of welded joint, making the arc strike or quench on the
extension.
2. End tabs should be removed by flame cutting, carbon arc gouging and other mechanical means.
The base metal shall not be damaged during the removing process, and the cut shall be polished
until it is even with the end of weld. Peening shall not be used for removing end tabs.
3. The backing material may be metal, flux, fiber, ceramics, or so forth.
4. The following requirements shall be met if steel backing is adopted:
1) The steel backing shall be well connected to the base metal of joints, and the gap shall not be
greater than 1mm.
2) The steel backing shall be continuous in the entire length of the weld.
3) The steel backing shall be thick enough to prevent burn-through.
4) The steel backing shall be well fused with the weld metal.
4.4.9 Tack welding shall conform to the following provisions:
1. The tack welding procedures and requirements for welder are the same as those of final welds.
2. For the weld requiring preheating, preheating shall be carried out within 150mm at both sides
of weld center, and the preheat temperature shall be 20~50℃ higher than the specified preheat
temperature.
3. The initial position of tack welding shall be over 30mm off the weld end. The length of tack
welding shall be over 50mm, and the interval should not exceed 400mm. The thickness should
not be greater than1/2 of final weld thickness, nor exceeding 8mm at most.
4. Defects of tack welding like flaw, pore, slag inclusion etc. shall be eliminated.
4.4.10 The rust and water stain on the surface of groove and within 15~20mm of both sides shall
be removed clearly before welding. Additionally, the mounting dimensions, groove dimension
and tack welding quality shall be checked, if acceptable, the welding can be started.
4.4.11 Preheat temperature and interpass temperature shall meet the following provisions:
1. Preheat temperature and interpass temperature shall be determined based on an overall
consideration of the steel composition, joint restraint, thermal input, hydrogen content of
deposited metal and the welding process, or by welding test. If commonly-used designation
adopts medium thermal input, the recommended minimum preheat temperature is listed in Table
4.4.11, or the preheat temperature recommended by steel mill shall be adopted.
Table 4.4.11 Recommended preheat temperature of welds (℃)
Thickness of Class and group of steels
17
 NB/T 35045-2014

thickest plate of
Ⅰ Ⅱ-1 Ⅱ-2 Ⅴ
joint(mm)
＞25~30 - - 50~60 50
＞30~38 - ＞25 60~80 60~80
＞38~65 50~80 80~100 80~120 80~120
＞65 80~100 100~120 120~150 120~150
Notes:
1. If the temperature of the welding spot of base metal is lower than 0℃, the preheat temperature in Table 4.4.11
shall be appropriately increased according to the service conditions, designation and thickness of plate. For the
joint requiring no preheating, the temperature shall be preheated to 25℃ for welding.
2. The preheat temperature and interpass temperature shall be determined by the thickness of the thicker plate if
the two plates of welded joint are different in thickness.
3. The preheat temperature and interpass temperature shall be determined by the steel with relatively higher
strength and carbon equivalent if the two plates of welded joint are of different materials.
4. This table is not applicable to cast steels.
2. Electrical heating or flame heating should be used for preheating prior to welding and for
maintaining the interpass temperature. The width of the preheating zone shall be three times the
thickness of plates on both sides of weld centerline, but not less than 100mm.
3. The lowest interpass temperature shall not be lower than the preheat temperature during
welding, nor exceeding 230℃.
4. The measurement methods of preheat temperature and interpass temperature shall conform to
GB/T 18591 Welding-Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass
temperature and preheat maintenance temperature.
4.4.12 The welding of multi-layer welding shall be continuous, and the slag as well as the
surface spatter after each pass shall be timely removed. For weldment requiring preheating, heat
preservation measures shall be taken if the welding is interrupted, postheat treatment may be
adopted if necessary. The secondary preheat temperature shall be higher than the initial preheat
temperature when the welding is restarted.
4.4.13 For welds (including tack welds), arc striking and quenching shall be completed in groove
instead of non-welding position of base metal. The crater shall be filled when arc quenching is
carried out. For multi-player welding, the welded joints shall be staggered. The stagger distance
shall be over 25mm for shielded metal arc welding and gas shielded welding, and over100mm
for submerged-arc welding.
4.4.14 The size, interval and thickness of plug welds and slot welds shall meet the following
provisions:
1. The effective area of plug welds and slot welds shall be the nominal area of circular hole or
long slotted hole of the faying surface.
2. The center-to-center spacing of plug welds shall be no less than 4 times the bore diameter, and
vertical spacing of slot welds shall not be less than twice of the length of slotted hole. For the
two rows of slotted holes which are normal to the length direction of slotted hole, the spacing
shall not be less than four times the width of slotted hole.
3. The minimum diameter of plug weld holes or the minimum width of long slotted holes of slot
welding shall not be smaller than the sum of the perforated plate thickness and 8mm. The
maximum diameter of plug welding holes or the maximum width of slotted holes shall not be
18
 NB/T 35045-2014

greater than the sum of minimum diameter and 3mm or 2.25 times the thickness of perforated
plate (whichever is larger). The length of slotted holes shall not be greater than 10 times the
thickness of the perforated plate, and the end of slotted holes shall be semicircular, or the angle
shall be machined to be a circle with a radius no less than the thickness of the perforated plate.
4. The throat depth of plug welds and slot welds shall meet the following provisions:
1) The throat depth shall be equal to the thickness of base metal if the thickness of base metal on
which plug welds or slot welds are conducted, is less than or equal to 16mm.
2) The throat depth shall be equal to half of the thickness of base metal but not less than 16mm if
the thickness of base metal, on which plug welds or slot welds are conducted, is over 16mm.
3) In any case, the minimum filling thickness of plug welds or slot welds shall not be greater
than the thickness of the thinner part of the two parts being joined.
5. The weld size of both plug welds and slot welds shall be determined by calculating of shear
stress on the faying surface.
4.4.15 Plug welding and slot welding may adopt shielded metal arc welding, gas shielded arc
welding or flux cored arc welding. For flat welding, step brazing shall be adopted, and the welds
shall only be continued if the slag of each layer is cooled, solidified and cleared; for vertical
welding and overhead welding, the slag shall be cooled and cleared before the subsequent
welding bead starts.
4.4.16 For the both sides welding requiring complete penetration, back gauging shall be
conducted by carbon arc air gouging or grinding wheel after single-side welding is completed,
and the tack welding on the side of back gouging shall also be cleaned. If carbon arc air gouging
is used for back gouging, the surface of dadoing shall be polished by grinding wheel after back
gouging, and defects shall be inspected.
4.4.17 For the purpose of reducing the welding deformation and welding stress, a reasonable
welding sequence shall be selected according to the structural features and groove type, and
measures like skip welding, subsection setback welding, multi-layer and multi-pass welding or
predeformation shall be taken. For closed welds or workpiece with a relatively higher rigidity,
peening maybe adopted for stress relief when intermediate weld layer is welded.
4.4.18 Thick plate weldment of low-alloy high-strength structural steel highly sensitive to cold
crack shall embrace post-weld de-hydrogen heat treatment in light of the following provisions:
1. Post-weld de-hydrogen heat treatment shall be conducted immediately after welding, and the
heating temperature shall be 200~350℃. Holding time shall be determined as follows: based on
the thickest plate of welded joints, the holding time for each 25mm (thickness) shall not be less
than 0.5h, and the total holding time shall not be less than 1h. Slow cooling down to room
temperature shall be adopted if holding time is up.
2. The heating and temperature measurement methods of de-hydrogen heat treatment shall
conform to 4.4.11.
3. De-hydrogen treatment is not required if the stress relief of a weldment is immediately
conducted after welding.
4.4.19 The welding of stainless steel clad plates shall follow the sequence of base layer,
transition layer and multiple layer.
4.4.20 The welding and demolition of temporary components shall meet the following
provisions:
1. The welding procedure of temporary welds shall be the same with that of final welds.

19
 NB/T 35045-2014

2. The staggered distance between temporary welds and final welds shall be over 50mm.
3. Peening shall not be used for dismantling temporary components, and the temporary
component shall be cut from 3mm near the surface of base metal by flame or carbon arc air
gouging. The base metal shall not be damaged, and the temporary welding zone surface shall be
ground flush with the original surface. In case of doubts, magnetic particle testing or penetration
testing shall be conducted. Besides, defect like crack is not allowed.
4.4.21 Welder is supposed to clean the spatter and slag off the weld surface after welding is
completed. Appearance quality shall be inspected, and local repair, complying with the
provisions of 4.6.1 and 4.6.2, may be conducted if necessary. Class 1 and 2 welds passing
self-inspection shall be marked with steel seal or permanent mark by welder.

4.5 Weld inspection

4.5.1 An inspection and test plan shall be made according to the loading conditions, detailed
construction drawings and the requirements of weld quality class specified in the technical
documents before welding inspection, and it shall be implemented after being examined and
approved. The inspection plan shall include the sampling plan, inspection items, inspection
methods, inspection time and corresponding acceptance criteria.
4.5.2 Visual inspection shall meet the following provisions:
1. Visual inspection shall not be carried out until all welded joints are cooled to ambient
temperature, and the quality and size of appearance shall conform to Table 4.5.2.
Table 4.5.2 Requirements on appearance quality and size of welded joints (mm)
Weld class
No. Description 1 2 3
Dimensional tolerance
1 Crack Unallowable
2 Overlap/crater Unallowable
3 Arc scratch Unallowable
4 Poor joint Unallowable
5 Spatter and welding slag Thoroughly removed
Depth≤0.1δ
6 Surface slag Unallowable Length≤0.3δ, and
≤15
7 Undercut Depth≤0.5 Depth≤1.0
≤(0.2+0.02δ), and
≤1.0, total defect
8 Incompletely filled weld Unallowable
length ≤ 25 for per
100 weld length
no more than 3 no more than 5
pores (Φ≤1.0， pores(Φ≤1.5，
9 Surface porosity Unallowable
spacing≥20) per spacing≥20) per
meter length meter length
≤0.15δ, and ≤
10 Misalignment ≤0.1δ, and ≤2 ≤0.2δ, and ≤4.0
3.0

20
 NB/T 35045-2014

≤0.05δ, ≤0.1δ, ≤0.2δ,

11 Root concavity and ≤0.5 and ≤1.0 and ≤2.0
Accumulative total length is less than 25% of the weld length
Manual ≤(1+0.15b), and
≤(1+0.1b), and ≤4.0
Surplus height of welding ≤5.0
12
butt weld Automatic ≤(1+0.2b), and
≤(1+0.1b), and ≤3.0
welding ≤4.0
height difference between
13 ≤2.0
adjacent weld passes
≤4.0 per any 50mm-long weld,≤5.0 within the entire weld
14 Width difference of butt weld
length
For any 300mm-long weld≤3.0 for manual welding, and ≤2.0
15 Weld edge straightness
for automatic welding
≤(0.3+0.1a), and
≤(0.3+0.05a),and ≤
Insufficient thickness of fillet ≤2.0, and t total
1.0, total defect length ≤ 25 for per 100
16 weld (compared to design throat defect length ≤ 25
weld length
thickness) for per 100mm
weld length
≤(1+0.15b), and
17 Convexity of fillet weld ≤(0.1+0.1b), and ≤3.0
≤4.0
+2 +3
18 Leg of fillet weld K K≤12 K＞12
-1 -1

19 Dissymmetry of weld leg Difference value ≤ (1+0.1a)

Welding around the leg constantly, and the height of leg shall be
20 Nook of steel plate end
equal to that of adjacent fillet weld
Note:
1. δ is the thickness of plate, K is weld leg, a is design throat thickness, b is weld width.
2. Weld inspection shall focus on the insufficient thickness for concave fillet welds, and the weld leg size for
convex fillet welds.
2. Visual inspection shall be of visual observation, and the inspection of crack shall be
implemented in proper lighting conditions with the help of a quintuple magnifying glass.
Magnetic particle testing or penetrant testing shall be adopted if suspicion arises. The
measurement of boundary dimension may be conducted with weld inspection ruler or caliper
gauge.
4.5.3 Surface NDT shall meet the following provisions:
1. Surface inspection shall be carried out in any one of the following cases:
1) The surface inspection is required in design documents.
2) Cracks are found in visual inspection, the weld shall be subject to100% surface inspection;
3) There is a doubt that crack might exist in visual inspection, the suspicious position shall be
subject to surface inspection.
4) The surface of steel castings permitting repair welding.
2. Ferromagnetic materials shall be subject to magnetic particle testing. Penetrant testing shall be
adopted if magnetic particle testing is not possible.
3. Magnetic particle testing shall conform to JB/T 4730.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure
equipments - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing, and penetrant testing shall conform to JB/T
21
 NB/T 35045-2014

4730.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing. The

acceptability criterion shall not be lower than level Ⅱfor class-1 welds, and not lower than level
Ⅲ for class-2 welds .
4.5.4 The essential requirements of internal NDT shall meet the following provisions:
1. Internal NDT shall be conducted after the visual inspection is qualified. For the steel with a
delayed crack tendency, NDT shall be carried out 24 hours after welding.
2. The NDT methods for internal quality of welding, the testing length percentage and the testing
length shall not be less than the corresponding values listed in Table 4.5.4, unless otherwise
stated in the contract or design documents.
Table4.5.4 Percentage of NDT length to the entire weld length
Pulse reflection method TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction)
Plate thickness
Type of steel UT(ultrasonic testing) UT/RT ( radiographic testing )
(mm)
Class 1 Class2 Class1 Class2
15%, and 10%, and
＜38 50% 30%
≥300mm ≥300mm
Carbon steel
20%, and 10%, and
≥38 100% 50%
≥300mm ≥300mm
20%, and 10%, and
Low-alloy ＜32 50% 30%
≥300mm ≥300mm
high-strength
25%, and 10%, and
steel ≥32 100% 50%
≥300mm ≥300mm
Stainless steel 20%, and 10%, and
All 50% 30%
clad plate ≥300mm ≥300mm
Notes:
1. Local NDT positions shall include all T-shaped welds and part of welds by each welder.
2. TOFD UT or RT shall be used for comprehensive qualification if doubt arises for the result of pulse reflection
method.
4.5.5 Pulse reflection method UT shall conform to GB/T 11345 Non-destructive testing of welds
- Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, and asessment, and the testing level is B,
assessed in accordance with acceptance level 2 of GB/T 29712 Non-destructive testing of welds
—Ultrasonic testing—Acceptance levels; TOFD UT shall be implemented according to relevant
provisions of DL/T 330 Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique in welded joints of
hydroelectric or hydraulic engineering steel structure and equipment or JB/T 4730.10
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 10: Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction
technique; RT shall be conducted in light of GB/T 3323 Radiographic examination of fusion
welded joints in metallic materials, and the ray defectoscopy level is B. The acceptability
criterion shall not be lower than level Ⅱfor class-1 welds, and not lower than level Ⅲ for
class-2 welds .
4.5.6 If pestilent defects such as cracks, non-fusion or unallowed incomplete penetration are
found in internal partial NDT, the corresponding welds shall be subject to an overall inspection.
If other unallowed defects are found, additional testing shall be conducted in its extending
direction or on the questionable position. Besides, the additional testing length shall not be less
than 10% of the entire weld length, nor less than 200mm. If the additional testing results are not

22
 NB/T 35045-2014

qualified, all welding positions of this weld which are welded by the very welder shall be tested.
4.5.7 For single-sided butt welds without backing, incomplete root penetration shall have a depth
of not greater than 10% of the plate thickness, nor exceeding 2mm, and the length shall not
exceed 15% of the weld length.
4.5.8 For the composite welds of plates, the incomplete root penetration depth of web and flange
slabs shall not be higher than 25% of plate thickness, nor exceeding 4mm if there is no particular
requirement for complete penetration in design documents.
4.5.9 For the composite welds not requiring complete penetration, the internal quality testing
shall be conducted in accordance with . DL/T 542 Methods of ultrasonic testing and assessment
of measuring results for T-joints fillet fusion welded in steel.

4.6 Weld repair and treatment

4.6.1 Surface defects like porosity, slag inclusion, weld beading, oversized surplus height or
oversized convexity shall be firstly eliminated by grinding, then repair welding may be
conducted.
4.6.2 For those defects exceeding the standard like root concavity, crater, weld undersize and
undercut, repair welding shall be implemented.
4.6.3 As for the repair of cracks, welding technicians shall investigate and analyze the reasons of
cracks, and a special repair technology scheme shall be made. Afterwards, the repair work shall
be carried out accordingly.
4.6.4 Magnetic particle testing, penetrant testing or other NDT methods shall be used for
confirming the extent and depth of cracks. Grinding wheel or carbon arc gouging shall be used
for removing cracks and the 50mm-long weld as well as the base metal on each end of cracks.
Penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing shall be used for judging whether cracks have been
removed thoroughly after the surfaces or gouging carburized layers are trimmed. Repair welding
shall be carried out afterwards.
4.6.5 The preheat temperature of repair welding shall be 30~50℃ higher than that of normal
preheat temperature under the same conditions.
4.6.6 The welding operation for repairing positions shall be continuous. If the welding process is
interrupted, postheat and insulation measures shall be taken to prevent crack. The repair welding
of thick plate should adopt de-hydrogen heat treatment.
4.6.7 The same position of a weld should not be repaired more than twice, otherwise the cause
shall be analyzed. Reliable repair technology and measures shall be worked out and approved by
technical director before being put into use.
4.6.8 Repaired welds shall be tested and accepted according to the original testing method and
quality criterion, and an repair record shall be made. The record and NDT report before and after
repair shall be kept as part of the acceptance and archive data of the steel gates.

4.7 Postwelding stress-relief heat treatment

4.7.1 If there is a requirement for postweld stress-relief in the contract or design documents, bulk
heat treatment should be applied to the component with butt joints or closely spaced welds in the
structure subject to dynamic loads and tensile stress. Nevertheless, local or segment heat
treatment is permitted due to restraint conditions. The heating width on each side of the weld, in
case of local heat treatment, shall not be less than 3 times plate thickness, nor less than200mm.

23
 NB/T 35045-2014

4.7.2 The temperature for stress-relief heat treatment shall conform to the contract or deign
drawings. The heating temperature for carbon steels and low-alloy steels should not exceed 580℃
~620℃ if there is no particular specification.
4.7.3 Stress-relief heat treatment shall meet the following provisions
1. The temperature of the furnace shall be lower than 300℃ when the weldment is put in.
2. After the temperature in furnace rises to 300℃, the heating rate shall not exceed (5500/δmax)℃
/h, nor higher than 220℃/h. The minimum heating rate may be 50℃/h. During the heating,
variations in temperature throughout the portion of the part being heated shall not be greater than
120℃ within any 5 meters interval length.
3. Heat preservation, determined by plate thickness, shall be started once the temperature in
furnace reaches the temperature for heat treatment, and the holding time shall not be less than the
corresponding values listed in Table 4.7.3. For the stress-relief heat treatment of the component
requiring the constancy of structure dimensions, the holding time shall be determined by the
thickness of the thickest component. The temperature difference of different portions of the
component being heated shall not exceed 50℃ during holding time.
4. The cooling rate shall not exceed (6500/δmax)℃/h if the cooling operation is started over 300℃,
nor exceeding 260℃/h. The weldment shall not be cooled out of the furnace until the temperature
of furnace is lower than 300℃.
Table 4.7.3 Holding time of postweld stress-relief heat treatment
Maximum plate thickness (mm) Holding time (h)
≤50 0.04×δmax
＞50 2+0.25×(δmax-50)/25
4.7.4 Welded joints of stainless steel clad plate should not be subject to postweld heat treatment.
4.7.5 A heat treatment curve and a hardness measurement record shall be provided after bulk or
local heat treatment.
4.7.6 The stress-relief treatment of weldment may adopt vibration aging, but shall conform to the
relevant provisions of JB/T 10375 Recommended practice for vibration stress relief on welding
structure. Furthermore, the residual stress test report before and after stress-relief treatment of
the weld shall be provided.

24
 NB/T 35045-2014

5. Bolted connection
5.1 Preparation of bolt holes

5.1.1 The hole diameter of common bolts or high-strength bolts shall be 1~3mm larger than bolt
nominal diameter. Bolt hole shall be match drilled or be prepared with drilling jig. Bolt hole shall
meet the accuracy requirements of grade IT14 in GB/T 1800.2 Geometrical Product
Specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit
deviations for holes and shafts.
5.1.2 In order to prevent displacement from occurring when components are bored, pin holes (10%
of total holes, but not less than 2) shall be firstly counterbored with maximum pitch-row, besides,
the pins shall be inserted before boring. The diameter of pin and aperture shall meet the
coordination requirement of H7/k6 in GB/T 1801 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -
Limits and fits - Selection of tolerance zones and fits (eqv ISO 1829).
5.1.3 The allowable deviation of bolt and hole shall conform to Table 5.1.3 after match drilling is
completed.
Table 5.1.3 Allowable deviations of bolts and holes (mm)
No. Designation Nominal diameter and permissible deviation
Nominal diameter 12 16 20 (22) 24 (27) 30 36 42 48 56 64
1 Bolt
Allowable deviation ±0.43 ±0.52 ±0.52 ±0.62 ±0.74
Diameter 13.5 17.5 22 (24) 26 (30) 33 39 45 51 59 67
Bolt
2 +0.43 +0.52 +0.52 +0.62 +0.74
hole Allowable deviation
0 0 0 0 0
Out-of-roundness(difference
3 between max and min 1.0 1.50 1.50 1.50
diameters)
Not greater than 3% of plate thickness, nor exceeding 2.0for single-layer
4 Centerline inclination
plates; nor exceeding 3.0 for multi-layer plates

5.2 Preparation of bolts

5.2.1 Common bolts or high-strength bolts shall be selected as per different strength grades based
on the performance characteristic and setout conditions of connected parts, and shall conform to
Table 5.2.1. Their nuts and washers shall be selected according to the corresponding strength
grades.
Table 5.2.1 Selection of bolts
Bolt & nut
coupled by
Bolt Nut
strength
grades

Recommended Tensile Recommended

Tensile
Grade material Grade strength material Bolt Nut
strength(MPa)
designation (MPa) designation

25
 NB/T 35045-2014

4.6 15,Q235 4 10,Q215 4.6，

400 400 4
4.8 10,Q215 4 4.8
5.6 25,35 5 5.6，
500 500 10,Q215 5
5.8 15,Q235 5 5.8
6.8 600 35,Q345 6 600 15,Q235 6 6.8
8.8* 800 35,45,40B 8 800 35 8H 8.8S*
10.9* 1000 20MnTiB,35VB 10 1000 35，45，15MnVB 10H 10.9S*
Notes:
1. The figure before decimal point in the column of grade is Rm,min/100, and the figure after decimal point is 10
times of yield ratio (ReL,min/Rm,min).
2. The recommended material of matching washer (HRC35~45) for high-strength bolt is No. 45 or No.35 steel.
5.2.2 Common bolts shall conform to GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts,
screws and studs and GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical properties of fasteners-Nuts-Coarse thread.
Stainless steel bolts and nuts shall conform to GB/T 3098.6 Mechanical properties of fasteners-
Stainless-steel Bolts, screws and studs and GB/T 3098.15 Mechanical properties of fasteners-
Stainless-steel nuts. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be properly kept, and no rust or thread damage
are allowed.
5.2.3 High-strength hex bolts shall conform to GB/T 1231 Specifications of high Strength bolts
with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures. The joint of
high strength bolt shall be indicated with specifications, and kept in different boxes which shall
not be allowed to be opened at will before use.

5.3 The preparation, inspection of high-strength bolted connection faying surfaces and the
inspection of bolt connection sets

5.3.1 For the components using high-strength bolted connection, the derusting grade of
component surface and treatment method shall meet design requirements. The steel surface at
connection shall be smooth without welding spatters, burrs or greasy dirts. The mean slip
coefficient of the surface of high-strength bolted connection after surface treatment shall meet
the design requirements.
5.3.2 For the gates and embedded parts adopting high strength bolted friction-type connection
and with a requirement of force transfer by friction, the manufacture and installation firm shall
carry out the testing and verification of the mean slip coefficient of high-strength bolted
connection faying surface according to Appendix E. The test piece used for testing the mean slip
coefficient shall be machined by the manufacturer, and the test piece shall be manufactured
together with the represented steel component with the same material, the treatment process of
faying surface and the surface state. Moreover, the high-strength bolt set with the same
performance rate and the same batch shall be used, and they shall be stored and transported
under the same condition. For the component subject to on-site treatment, the mean slip
coefficient test of its faying surface shall be conducted separately, and its result shall meet the
design requirement. The testing method of the mean slip coefficient of connected faying surface
is shown in Appendix E, Equation (E.1.3).
5.3.3 The torque coefficient of high-strength hex bolt connection sets shall be reviewed
according to the production batch number before construction, and the testing method and result
shall meet the relevant provisions of GB/T 1231 Specifications of high strength bolts with large
26
 NB/T 35045-2014

hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures, and it shall not be used
until it is qualified.The construction pretightening force and construction twisting moment of
high-strength bolt with different performance levels and the computational equation of torque
check are shown in Appendix E, equation (E.2.1).

5.4 Bolt tightening

5.4.1 The final suitable tightness of common bolts used for steel gates connection should be
50%~60% of the bolt‟s twist-off moment, and all bolts‟ tightening moment shall be kept even.
5.4.2 The torque wrench used for high-strength bolt construction shall be calibrated before use
by each shift, and the relative error of torque shall be within 5%. It shall not be used until it is
proved to be qualified, and it shall be periodically calibrated during use. For the torque wrench
used for calibration and testing, the relative error of torque shall not exceed 3%.
5.4.3 The installation of high-strength bolts shall meet the following requirements:
1. High-strength bolt connection set with damaged thread or dirt shall not be used, and
high-strength bolt shall not double as temporary bolt.
2. Bolt is not allowed to drive through the bolt hole forcibly. If free drive is not possible, the
corresponding bolt hole shall be trimmed with reamer, and the maximum diameter of the
trimmed bolt holes shall not be greater than 120% of bolt diameter. Besides, the number of
trimmed holes shall not be greater than 25% of the number of bolts at the connection. All bolts
around shall be tightened for the purpose of making adjacent plates press tightly against each
other, then reaming can be conducted afterwards. It shall be noted that gas cutting shall not be
used for enlarging the hole.
3. The component surface shall be kept dry, and working in rain is forbidden.
5.4.4 The tightening of high-strength hexagon bolt connection sets includes initial screw and
final screw. For large-scale connections, initial screw, secondary screw and final screw shall be
performed. The torque value of initial screw and secondary screw are both 50% of specified
torque. The specified torque shall be reached if final screw is conducted. Bolts with initial screw,
secondary screw or final screw shall be marked with different colors on corresponding nut in
case tightening is wrongly conducted or missed. The initial screw, secondary screw and final
screw of high-strength hexagon bolt connection sets should be completed within a day.
5.4.5 The tightening of high-strength bolt shall be conducted in a certain order. The principle for
tightening order is that the bolts shall be tightened symmetrically from within the center of bolt
group, or they shall be tightened symmetrically from the position with a large rigidity to that with
relatively less constraints.
5.4.6 The inspection of bolt tightening quality by torsion moment-method construction of
high-strength hexagon bolt connection set shall meet the following provisions:
1. Nuts shall be knocked by small hammer (0.3kg-0.5kg) for general check to avoid any missing
in tightening.
2. 10% of connections (but not less than 10) shall be spotchecked for final screw torque. For
each selected connection, 10% of total bolts (but not less than 2) shall be subject to spot check.
3. During inspection, a line shall be drawn on both the end face of screw and nut, and the nut
shall be unscrewed by approximately 60°. What follows is retightening the nut with torque
wrench until the two lines coincide. The tested torque shall be within the range of 0.9Tch to 1.1Tch.
The calculation of Tch is referenced to Appendix E, equation (E.2.2).

27
 NB/T 35045-2014

5.4.7 The high-strength bolt connection passing the examination shall be painted for rust
protection according to design requirements, and putty shall be used for sealing the gap of joint.
5.4.8 Other requirements of high-strength bolted connection shall meet relevant provisions of
GB 50205 Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures and JGJ 82 Technical
specification for high strength bolt connections of steel structures.

28
 NB/T 35045-2014

6. Surface protection
6.1 General requirements

6.1.1 Protection works shall be performed by the contractor possessing the relevant construction
certification for protection works. Operators shall be trained and have obtained the work license.
6.1.2 The corrosion prevention of gates and embedded parts shall also conform to the design and
DL/T 5358 Technical code for anticorrosion of metal structures in hydroelectric and hydraulic
engineering.

6.2 Surface pretreatment

6.2.1 Prior to pretreatment, the gate surface shall be refurbished, and attachments like rusts,
scales, oil dirts, welding slags and hydrops shall be cleared off.
6.2.2 Surface pretreatment shall adopt the spraying or centrifugal blast cleaning and the abradant
surface shall be well cleaned. Metal abrasives shall conform to GB/T 18838 Preparation of steel
substrates before application of paints and related products - Specifications for metallic
blast-cleaning abrasives, and nonmetallic abrasives shall conform to GB/T 17850 Preparation of
steel substrates before application of paints and related products—Specifications for
non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The compressed air used for spraying may be filtered, free
of oil and water.
6.2.3 Manual derusting or powertool cleaning shall be adopted if compressed air blast cleaning is
not feasible at some locations of gates and embedded parts or local coating defect can not be
fixed, but the surface cleanness shall reach to grade St3 specified in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of
steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface
cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of
steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
1
6.2.4 The surface cleanness grade of gate shall conform to the Sa2 grade specified in GB/T
2

8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel
substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings, which is visually
assessed against photos. The requirement of various derusting cleanness grades is referenced to
Appendix F. The value of surface roughness, Rz, after rust removal, shall be opted in accordance
with the coating system. Generally, it shall not exceed 1/3 of the total thickness of coating, and
shall be within the range from 40μm to 100μm. Here are the corresponding values of Rz , surface
roughness, for different coating system: 40~70μm for conventional anti-corrosive paint, and
60~100μm for both high build heavy anti-corrosion coating and metal hot spraying. The surface
roughness shall be tested with special measuring instrument or comparison sample block.
1
6.2.5 The cleanness grade of exposed surfaces of embedded parts shall conform to the Sa2 2

grade specified in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation
grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous
coatings. The cleanness grade of the surfaces buried in concrete shall be conformed to the Sa2
grade specified in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
29
 NB/T 35045-2014

related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation
grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous
coatings.
6.2.6 The machined surfaces of gates and embedded parts which can not be treated by sand
blasting shall be well protected.
6.2.7 The weld zone shall be subject to rust removal after the field joints of gates and embedded
parts are welded.
6.2.8 Compressed air blast cleaning of both gates and embedded parts shall only be conducted
when the relative air humidity is lower than 85% and the surface temperature of steel gate shall
be 3℃ or above higher than dew point unless otherwise specified by paint manufacturer, or
effective measures shall be taken. The calculation method of dew point is referenced to Appendix
G.

6.3 Coating materials and application

6.3.1 The primer shall be painted on metal surface as soon as possible after rust removal, within
2h in wet weather and within 8h in fine weather or favorable weather conditions.
6.3.2 The coating materials used for painting shall conform to design drawings and the contract.
The number of coating layers, layer thickness, interval of painting time, paint preparation method
and precautions shall follow design documents, contract and instructions of paint manufacturer.
6.3.3 Modified cement slurry, which is equipped with a strong binding force, shall be used for
the portion of embedded parts buried in concrete after the rust removal is completed in factory,
and the surface scale shall be removed before installation, finally the embedded parts shall be
buried in concrete. The coating of other parts of gates shall follow the design requirements.
6.3.4 Gates and embedded parts shall be painted with primer, intermediate coat and finishing
coat before leaving factory. The final finishing coat shall be applied after installation. For the
extent of 100~200mm on both sides of installing welds, the coating shall be conducted after
installation.
6.3.5 If gates and embedded parts are not to be welded immediately after they are assembled,
workshop primer, which will not have an adverse effect on the quality of welding, shall be
painted in the extent of 50mm on both sides of the to-be-welded groove. After the field joints are
welded, the weld zone shall be subject to rust removal in conformance with 6.2.7. The coating
shall be conducted after rust removal is finished, and manual painting or pint-sized high-pressure
spraying machine may be adopted for spraying coating, but the coating quality shall meet the
specified coating requirement.
6.3.6 The protection of machined surface shall be well done when the surface coating of gates
and embedded parts are being conducted. The coating shall be refrained from rain, solarization or
tread. Any damage to the coating shall be avoided during hoisting, transportation and installation,
and recoating shall be conducted if any damage occurs.
6.3.7 The coating shall not be conducted under following conditions:
1. Relative air humidity exceeds 85%.
2. Ambient temperature at construction site is lower than 10℃.
3. Metal surface temperature is 3℃ (or above) lower than the atmospheric dew point. The
calculation table of atmospheric dew point is referenced to Appendix G.

30
 NB/T 35045-2014

6.4 Quality inspection of painting and coating

6.4.1 The appearance of previous coating shall be inspected before painting each subsequent film.
Defects such as holiday, sagging and cockle shall be treated and coating thickness maybe
measured by wet film thickness gauges.
6.4.2 The coating shall be subject to visual inspection after painting, and the surface shall be
smooth without defects like sagging, cockle, spray-bubbling, pinhole or crack.
6.4.3 Coating quality shall conform to the following provisions:
1. Paint film thickness shall be measured by thickness gauges, and the spacing of measuring
points shall be about 1.0m, and the thickness of over 85% of measuring points shall meet design
requirements. The minimum film thickness shall not be lower than 85% of the design value.
2. Pinhole detectors shall be used for inspecting pinhole in paint film as per the specified voltage
value if high build paint is adopted. Inspection may be conducted in various zones formed by
gate girder and longitudinal diaphrams, spot checking 10%~20% according to importance level
of gates. At least 5 points shall be tested in one zone, and one testing point shall cover a detecting
range of about 300mm. For the zone where pinholes are detected in less than 20% of the area, the
zone shall be considered acceptable. The detected pinholes shall be burnished with emery paper
or grinding wheel and madeup painting.
3. Inspection of paint film adhesion
1) If paint film thickness exceeds 250μm, two lines with an included angle of 60° are cut through
to metal surface on paint coating, and an adhesive cloth tape is stuck firmly on the cut. Then the
adhesive tape is quickly torn up in normal direction, and the coating with no chipping is
considered qualified.
2) If paint film thickness is less than 250μm, two groups of equidistance (1mm~3mm) parallel
lines normal to each other are cut with special uncapping-knife on coating surface to form a set
of panes. The grade of film adhesion is checked as per Table 6.4.3 and GB/T 9286 Paints and
varnishes—Cross cut test for films, and the 3 grades are qualified film.
3) Pull-off test is a quantitative test method for adhesive force, and it is applicable to coating
with different thickness. The test method shall be implemented according to DL/T 5358
Technical code for anticorrosion of metal structures in hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering.
The adhesive force between coating and the surface of base metal shall conform to the contract
or design documents.
Table 6.4.3 Inspection of paint film (cross cut test)
Grade Inspection result
0 The cut edges are completely smooth and no pane shells off
A few thin coating pieces are separated at cross cut and the affected cut area is evidently not more than
1
5%
Coating shelling off along cut edges and at cut cross is evidently more than 5%, but the affected area is
2
evidently not more than 15%
Coating coming out partly and completely in large patches along cut edges or shelling out partly and
3 completely at different positions of panes evidently exceeds 15%,but the affected cut area is evidently
not more than 35%
Coating shelling off in large patches along cut edges or some panes partly or completely coming out
4
evidently exceeds 35%,but the affected cut area is evidently not more than 65%

31
 NB/T 35045-2014

5 Chipping level cannot be identified even as per grade 4

6.5 Metallic spraying

6.5.1 Metal wires used for metal spraying shall meet the following requirements:
1. Zinc content of zinc wires shall be greater than 99.99%; aluminum content of aluminum wires
shall be greater than 99.5%; aluminum content of allumen wires shall be 13%~35%, and the rest
is zinc; magnesium content of magaluma wires shall be 4.8%~5.5%, and the rest is aluminum;
2. Metal wires shall be clean and smooth, free of rust, oil and creasing; the diameter of metal
wires shall be 2.0mm~3.0mm.
6.5.2 Thickness of metal coatings shall conform to design drawings and the contract based on
service condition and gate structures; the coating thickness should be determined according to
the type of coating materials according to the following provisions unless otherwise stated:
120μm~150μm for sprayed zinc coating; 100μm~120μm for sprayed aluminum coatings and
allumen coatings; 100μm~120μm for sprayed magaluma coatings.
6.5.3 Metal surfaces shall be sprayed as soon as possible after rust removal, within 2h generally
and 8h at most under fine or favorable weather condition.
6.5.4 The construction conditions for surface metallic spraying shall conform to 6.3.6 and 6.3.7.
6.5.5 Electric arc spraying shall be preferentially adopted. Metal spraying shall be as uniform as
possible and spraying jets shall be mutually perpendicular and cross-overlapped.
6.5.6 The welds shall be derusted in accordance with 6.2.4 after the field welding of gates and
embedded parts are completed. Then surface spraying shall be conducted according to design
requirements.
6.5.7 Coating after inspection up to standard shall be sealed up with paint specified in design
drawings according to application requirements. Before painting, the coating surfaces shall be
cleared off, and painting should be carried out as coating is still warm.

6.6 Quality inspection of metallic coating

6.6.1 Coating surfaces shall be uniform in appearance and free of defects such as inclusions,
peeling, void, irregularity, coarse particle, spalling and crack. A few inclusions may be picked
out and scraped off and large area of defects shall be chiseled off and re-sprayed.
6.6.2 The thickness measurement of metal coating shall be carried out in accordance with
Appendix H, and the coating thickness shall meet sthe requirements of minimum thickness in
design documents.
6.6.3 The adhesion test of metal coatings is destructive test, which shall be carried out in the
form of spot check or band test, and the test method shall meet the following requirements:
1. If the crosscut test method is used, metal coating and base metal shall not have any exfoliating
phenomenon within the cross cut sample. The test method is referenced to Appendix H.
2. If the pull-off test method is used for quantitative test, bonding strength shall comply with the
contract or design documents. The test method shall be in accordance with DL/T 5358 Technical
code for anticorrosion of metal structures in hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering.

6.7 Chrome plating

6.7.1 The surface pretreatment before chromium plating shall conform to GB/T 12611 Technical
requirements of quality control for metal parts to be coated.

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6.7.2 The chromeplate thickness ofcomponents shall meet the design requirements.
6.7.3 The chromium plating of components shall meet the relevant provisions of GB/T 11379
Metallic coatings--Electroplated coatings of chromium for engineering purposes.

6.8 Quality inspection of chrome plating

6.8.1 Visual inspection includes: the major surfaces shall be shiny or glossy, free from pits,
blisters and peeling invisual inspection. All surfaces except edges shall be free from chromium
bead or cracks.
6.8.2 The measurement of chromium coatings shall conform to GB/T 6463 Metallic and other
inorganic coatings--Review of methods of measurement of thickness. The thickness measurement
of chromium coatings below 10μm shall adopt coulometry in case of any dispute. Microscopic
method shall be applied for the thickness measurement of chromium coating which is greater
than 10μm. If the base metal is of magnetic material, the testing method specified in GB/T 4956
Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates--Measurement of coating thickness--Magnetic
method (ISO 2178 IDT).
6.8.3 The hardness measurement of chromium coatings shall adopt the method specified in GB/T
9790 Metallic and related coatings--Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests.
6.8.4 The inspection of cracks and porosity of chromium coatings shall conform to GB/T 11379
Metallic coatings--Electroplated coatings of chromium for engineering purposes.

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7. Manufacture of gates and embedded parts

7.1 Manufacture of parts and individual component

7.1.1 Factors like welding shrinkage and the chipping allowance of machining positions shall be
taken into consideration when the manufacturing technique of parts and individual component
are being formulated.
7.1.2 For parts made of steel plates or section steels, their allowable deviation of unspecified
tolerance dimension shall meet Table 7.1.2.
Table 7.1.2 Allowable deviation of parts (mm)
Allowable deviation
Principle dimensions
Cutting Planing (milling) edges
≤1000 ±2.0 ±0.5
1000~2000 ±2.5 ±1.0
2000~3150 ±2.5 ±1.5
＞3150 ±3.0 ±2.0
7.1.3 For cutting steel plates or section steels, the requirements of geometric tolerance of cut
surfaces and surface roughness are as follows:
1. If the cut surfaces of steel plates or section steels are the edges to be welded, no defects that
will impose a negative effect on the quality of welded joints are allowed; section roughness
Ra≤50μm; the straightness tolerance in longitudinal direction shall not be greater than 0.5/1000,
and shall not exceed 1.5mm; for the perpendicularity tolerance in thickness direction: it shall not
be greater than 0.5mm if the plate thickness δ≤24mm, and it shall not be greater than 1.0mm if
the plate thickness δ＞24mm. If there are a few deep cuts in part, electric welding process is
allowed to be used for repair welding, but the repair welding shall meet the requirements of this
code, and it shall be planished afterwards.
2. If the cut surfaces of steel plates or section steels are not the edges to be welded, the cut
surfaces shall be smooth, trim and burr-free; the straightness tolerance in longitudinal direction
shall not be greater than 1/2 of the value in Table 7.1.2; for the perpendicularity tolerance in
thickness direction shall not be greater than 1/10 of the thickness, and shall not be greater than
2.0mm.
7.1.4 The basic type and size of the groove of welded joints shall conform to the relevant
provision of 4.3.4 of this code, GB/T 985.1 Recommended joint preparation for gas welding
manual metal arc welding gas-shield arc welding and beam welding, GB/T 985.2 Recommended
joint preparation for submerged arc welding and GB/T 985.4 Recommended joint preparation
for welding on clad steels.
7.1.5 The parallelism and squareness tolerance between edges of steel plates shall be half of the
corresponding dimension tolerance.
7.1.6 After correction, plainness of steel plates, linearity of section steels, squareness of leg of
steel angles, squareness of I-steels and channel steel wing edges and their twists shall meet Table
7.1.6.

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Table 7.1.6 Geometric tolerance of parts ( mm)

No. Designation Sketch Tolerance
Within 1m
Plainness of steel plates and δ≤4: t≤2.0
1
flat steels δ＞4~12: t≤1.5
δ≥12: t≤1.0
Linearity of angle steels, 1/1000 of length, but not greater
2
I-steels and channel steels than 5.0

Perpendicularity of leg of
3 △≤b/100
steel angles (△)

Perpendicularity of I-steels
4 and channel steel wing △≤b/30, and △≤2.0
edges (△)

Section Section steel height

steel H
length L ≤100 ＞100
≤2000 e≤1.0 e≤1.5

0.5 0.75
Twists of angle steels, e= 𝐿 e= 𝐿
1000 1000
5 I-steels and channel steels
(e)
＞2000
e≤2.0

7.1.7 The dimension tolerance and geometric tolerance for individual component assembly shall
meet the relevant specifications in Table 7.1.7. The components deformed after welding shall be
corrected and geometric tolerance of the corrected individual components shall meet Table 7.1.7.

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Table 7.1.7 Tolerance of component assembly (mm)

No. Designation Sketch Tolerance or allowable deviation

1 Component width b

2 Component height h ±2.0

3 Web interval c

4 Deviation of web to frange plate center e 2.0

Not greater than 1.0 for components not

longer than 3m; the value shall be
5 Twist
increased by 0.5 for each additional 1m,
but not be greater than 2.0

I beam: △≤a/150, but not greater than 4.0;

Warping degree of frange plates (tested on
6 box beam: △≤a/20, but not greater than
rib plates if any)
4.0;

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I beam: △≤b/150, but not greater than

Horizontal gradient of frange plates (tested 5.0;
7
on rib plate if any) box beam: △≤b/200, but not greater than
5.0;

8 Local plainness of webs (△) Not greater than 2.0 within one meter

1/1500 of component length, but not

9 Face (stress surface) straightness
greater than 4.0
1/1000 of component length, but not
10 Edgewise straightness
greater than 6.0

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7.1.8 The deformation of parts and individual components should be corrected with mechanical
method. If the local flame heating method is adopted, the temperature of heating zones shall be
controlled in accordance with material type.

7.2 Castings and forgings

7.2.1 Castings and forgings shall be classified according to the stress condition, importance
degree and service condition:
1. ClassⅠcastings and forgings: used for bearing complex stress, shock vibration and working in
heavy load service condition. If failures or damages occur, this kind of parts will directly lead to
grave consequences, like major accidents, endangering personal safety or giving rise to system
failure.
2. ClassⅡcastings and forgings: used for bearing fixed heavy loads and minor shock vibration. If
failures or damages occur, this kind of parts will directly affect other parts and components, and
the effect can be damages or failure. Nevertheless, it will not cause major accidents or endanger
human safety, nor it will induce the system failure.
3. Class Ⅲ castings and forgings: used for bearing fixed loads while not bearing shock and
vibrating service condition. Damages of this kind of parts will merely result in local fault.
4. Class Ⅳ castings and forgings: used for the part bearing loads which are not so large,
considering no strength and with a relatively big safety coefficient.
5. ClassⅤcastings and forgings: castings and forgings other than the above mentioned 4 classes.
7.2.2 The testing items of different classes of castings and forgings are specified in Table 7.2.2.

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Table 7.2.2 Testing items of steel castings

Separate cast test piece Steel castings

Mechanical
Class Chemical Dimension Weight Surface
property Rm, Rel Hardness Roughness Non-destructive testing Airtightness
composition tolerance tolerance quality
(Rp0.2), A,Z
Ⅰ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○
Ⅱ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○
Ⅲ ∨ ○ ∨ ○ ○ - ∨ ○ -
Ⅳ ∨ - - - - - - - -
Ⅴ - - - - - - - - -
Notes:
1. ∨ stands for the item which must be tested; ○ stands for the item tested according to design requirements; - stands for the item that does not need to be tested.
2. Separate cast test pieces shall meet the requirements of Fig. 1 in GB/T 11352 Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose (neq ISO 3755), batch shall be classified as per furnace.

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7.2.3 Unless otherwise specified herein, the designation of cast carbon steels and low-alloy cast
steels used for general engineering and structures as well as the technical specification of
corresponding castings shall conform to GB/T 11352 Carbon steel castings for general
engineering purpose (neq ISO 3755) and GB/T 14408 Low alloy steel castings for general
engineering and structural purposes. The designation of cast steels used for cast-weld structures
and corresponding casting‟s technical specifications shall conform to GB/T 7659 Steel casting
suitable for welded structure (neq ASTM A216); the designation of cast steels for bearing
pressure and corresponding casting„s technical specifications shall conform to GB/T 16253 Steel
castings for pressure purposes (eqv ISO 4991); the designation of abrasion resistant high
manganese steels for bearing shock loads and corresponding casting‟s technical specifications
shall conform to GB/T 5680 Austenitic manganese steel castings.
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of general engineering carbon steel
castings and low alloy steel castings shall conform to Appendix J of this code.
7.2.4 The smelting processes and foundry techniques of classⅠand class Ⅱsteel castings shall
meet the following provisions:
1. Electric arc furnace or induction furnace is suitable for smelting cast steels, and cast steels
shall be refined outside the furnace to remove gases and foreign inclusions in liquid metal and
improve the quality of cast steels if necessary.
2. Selection of foundry materials, preparation of moulding sand (core sand) and coating materials
shall meet the requirements of long castings, large areas and high structures.
3. Computer simulating as-cast condition test should be carried out to verify foundry techniques
when the casting technology is drawing up.
4. Casting heads should be kept away from the working face and the major stressed parts of
castings.
7.2.5 Casting can be repaired with welding unless otherwise stated by contract and design
drawings. The repairing work shall meet the following provisions:
1. Before repair welding, all defects shall be cleared up until compact the metal surface is
exposed. Groove surfaces shall be well trimmed until they are smooth and no sharp corners exist
any more. For crack-like defects, crack-arrest holes shall be drilled to prevent cracks from
extending, and magnetic powder inspection or penetrant inspection shall be adopted to inspect
the repair welded zone and ensure all defects completely removed. For steel castings with a poor
welding performance and a high cracking tendency, preheating is necessary before repair
welding, and the temperature of preheating areas during welding shall not be lower than the
lower limit of preheating temperature. Stress-relief heat treatment shall be carried out after
welding, and intermediate heat treatment shall be carried out during repair welding if necessary.
2. Repair welding shall meet the relevant provisions of welding in this code.
3. If any of the following conditions appears, it shall be identified as major repair welding: the
groove depth of repair welding exceeds 20% of the wall thickness or 25mm, or the groove area
exceeds 65 cm2. Major repair welding shall be permitted by the designer and submitted to the
supervising engineer for approval. Technical record, kept for recording the actual situation of
repair welding, is a must for major repair welding.
4. Any repair welding is forbidden after steel castings receive the final behavior heat treatment.
7.2.6 Carbon steels and alloy steel castings may adopt annealing, normalizing or quenching plus
tempering treatment, and high manganese steel castings shall adopt water-tough treatment.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

7.2.7 The surface roughness of steel castings shall be inspected by comparing to the sample
block specified by GB/T 6060.1 Roughness comparison specimens-Cast surfaces (eqv ISO
2632-3), and evaluated according to the method specified by GB/T 15056 Evaluation method on
cast surface roughness. Besides, it shall also meet this standard of design drawing.
7.2.8 The value, determining method and inspection assessing rule of the size and machining
allowance of steel castings shall conform to GB/T 6414 Castings--System of dimensional
tolerances and machining allowances (eqv ISO 8062). The value of weight allowance,
determining method and inspection assessing rule shall conform to GB/T 11351 Mass tolerances
for castings.
7.2.9 Surface quality of steel castings
1. Casting surface shall be cleared, and burrs shall be trimmed off. Repair patches, sand fusion,
iron scales and inner chamber remnants shall all be eliminated.
2. The residual root of casting head shall be well cleared and smooth.
3. Casting surface shall be free of defects like cracks, cold shuts and shrinkage porosity, and the
machining surfaces permit presence of surface defects within machining allowance.
7.2.10 ClassⅠand Ⅱ steel castings shall embrace internal ultrasonic testing (UT) in accordance
with GB/T 7233 Methods for ultrasonic testing and for specifying quality levels of steel castings
(neq BS 6208). The key position quality grades shall conform to grade 2 for classⅠsteel castings
and grade 3 for classⅡsteel castings. Class Ⅰand Ⅱ steel castings shall accept 100% visual
inspection, and the machining surfaces of the key stress positions shall embrace surface NDT
(non-destructive testing) according to GB/T 9443 Penetrant testing for steel castings and GB/T
9444 Magnetic particle testing for steel castings. The testing ratio of classⅠshall not be lower
than 50%, and the testing ratio for classⅡshall not be lower than 20%. In addition, no cracks are
allowed. For the main track of the same batch, 30% of the tracks shall be inspected, and
inspection shall be carried out on the position with a shadow of doubt. 100% inspection shall be
conducted if there is any crack-like defect.
7.2.11 Mould or print marks shall be made on the non-machining surface of each casting and the
contents shall include manufacturer name or code number, heat No. or inspection lot No. .
7.2.12 Steel castings shall be provided with quality certificates according to batch and contents
shall cover: purchase contract No., casting name and design drawing No., cast steel designation,
heat No. and batch No. , heating treatment type, check results and standard No. .
7.2.13 Steel bars, ingots and blooms used for castings shall be killed steel, and grades, technical
requirements, testing methods and inspection rules shall conform to provisions in GB/T 699
Quality Carbon Structural Steels or GB/T 3077 Alloy structure steels, and the chemical
composition and mechanical properties shall meet the provisions in Appendix K of this code. For
forgings requiring hardenability guaranteed, the grades, technical requirements, testing methods
and inspection rules shall meet the requirements of GB/T 5216 Structural steels with specified
hardenability bands. Steels used for forgings shall be provided with factory certificates.
Requirements for supplementary tests like defect detection, toughness at cryogenic temperatures,
grain size number, inclusion, metallurgical structure, etc. can be proposed if necessary.
7.2.14 The inspection items and quantity of different forgings shall meet the specification of
Table 7.2.14. The allowable deviation of chemical composition of common carbon structural
steels and structural alloy steel forgings as well as the permissible depressed percentage of
mechanical properties in lengthwise, radial, transverse, and tangential directions shall follow the

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provisions of Appendix L.
Table 7.2.14 Inspection items of forgings
Testing item and quantity
Batch and group
Class Chemical Tension Rm, ReL
Hardness Impact energy Ak condition
composition (Rp0.2), A, Z
Each furnace
Ⅰ 100% 100% 100% Piece by piece
No.
2% for each batch, 2% for each batch, Per same
Each furnace
Ⅱ 100% but not less than 2 but not less than 2 designation and
No.
pieces pieces furnace
Per same
Each furnace
Ⅲ 100% - - designation and
No.
furnace
2% for each batch, Per same
Each furnace
Ⅳ but not less than 2 - - designation and
No.
pieces furnace
Each furnace Per same
Ⅴ - - -
No. designation
Notes:
1. Each batch of forgings shall be made by the same drawing, or by different drawings but the shape and size of
forgings in each batch and group shall be similar.
2. Round-off shall be adopted if the amount of inspection is calculated by percentage. In case of less than 1, it is
regarded as 1 piece.
3. The hardness value of class Ⅰand Ⅱ forgings shall not be the basis of acceptance.
7.2.15 Devices for forge work such as hydraulic press and forging hammer shall possess
sufficient energy to ensure thorough forging. The rate of reduction in main section shall not be
lower than 3 (2 for electroslag-remelted steels) for steel ingots or blooms and not lower than 1.6
for steel bars. Heating, initial and final forging temperatures of workblank and cooling of
forgings shall follow the relevant technological provisions, and technical records shall be made.
7.2.16 The machining allowance and tolerance of forgings shall conform to the provisions of
GB/T 15826.1~15826.9 Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on
hammer or JB/T 9179.1~JB/T 9179.8 Machining allowances and tolerances of open forgings on
hydraulic press.
7.2.17 Forging surfaces shall be free of cracks, shrinkage cavity, folds, interlinings and forging
injuries. The defect on surfaces to be machined shall not be deeper than 50% of single-side
machining allowance.
7.2.18 Forgings with a defect of white flake shall be rejected and the forgings from the same
furnace No. and same heat treatment furnace shall be checked one by one.
7.2.19 The internal quality inspection and assessment of classⅠandⅡforgings shall be carried
out according to GB/T 6402 Steel forgings - Method for ultrasonic tsting (neq IIS G587). The
quality of key positions shall be up to grade 3 for classⅠforgings and grade 2 for classⅡ
forgings. The surface NDT inspection of both classⅠforgings and classⅡforgings shall be
conducted according to JB/T 4730.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments- Part

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4:Magnetic particle testing or JB/T 4730.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part
5: Penetrant testing. The testing ratio of key stressed parts shall not be lower than 50%, and
inspection shall be carried out on the position with a shadow of doubt. No cracks or flakes are
allowed. For fasteners and bearing parts, no transverse defect indications are allowed, and other
components and materials shall conform to standard of grade Ⅲ. Once excessive defect appears,
100% testing shall be implemented.
7.2.20 Auxiliary holes for hoisting shall be drilled on large-scale heterogenic steel castings and
forgings.

7.3 Manufacture of embedded parts

7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, the manufacturing tolerance of steel components to be
embedded in various gate chambers including bottom sills, side sills, main tracks, auxiliary
tracks, reverse tracks, sealing seats, lintels, supporting components of side guides (side tracks),
steel beams for trunnions and embedded parts with a requirement of water sealing shall meet the
specification of Table 7.3.1.
Table 7.3.1 Tolerance of embedded parts with water sealing requirements (mm)
Tolerance
No. Item Component surface
Component surface not machined
machined
1/2000 of component
1/1500 of component length but not
1 Working face linearity length but not greater than
greater than 3.0
1.0
1/2000 of component
1/1000 of component length but not
2 Side linearity length but not greater than
greater than 4.0
2.0
Not greater than 0.5
Not greater than 1.0 within 1m but not
3 Working face local plainness within 1m but not more
more than 2 points
than 2 points
For components shorter than 3.0m, not
greater than 1.0; scaling up 0.5 per
4 Twist
additional 1.0 meter but not greater than
2.0
Notes:
1. Working face linearity shall be measured along working face in normal direction of corresponding support
beam web center.
2. Side linearity shall be measured along working face in side-direction of welded diaphragms or gusset.
3. Twist represents the misfit value at the cross point of the component‟s two diagonal lines.
7.3.2 The manufacturing tolerance of the embedded parts with no water sealing requirements
shall meet Table 7.3.2.
Table 7.3.2 Tolerance of embedded parts with no water sealing requirements (mm)
No. Item Tolerance
1 Working face linearity 1/1500 of component length but not greater than 3.0
2 Side face linearity 1/1500 of component length but not greater than 4.0

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 NB/T 35045-2014

3 Working face local plainness Not greater than 3.0 within 1m

For components shorter than 3.0m, not greater than 2.0;
4 Twist scaling up 0.5 per additional 1.0 meter but not greater
than 3.0
Notes:
1. Working face linearity shall be measured along working face in normal direction of corresponding support
beam web center.
2. Side linearity shall be measured along working face in side-direction of welded diaphrams or gusset.
3. Twist represents the misfit value at the cross point of component‟s two diagonal lines.
7.3.3 The machining precision of main track bearing troughs and bearing plates for plane roller
chain gates shall not be lower than the requirement of grade IT8 in GB/T 1800.2 Geometrical
Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and
limit deviations for holes and shafts, and the linearity of trough bottom surface shall meet the
specification of Table 7.3.3. After the bearing plate is installed on main track, joint dislocation
shall not be greater than 0.1mm, and the linearity tolerance of main track pressure face shall meet
the specification of Table 7.3.3.
Table 7.3.3 Tolerance of track trough bottom surfaces and pressure faces (mm)
Allowance
No. Main track length Bottom surface of main Pressure face of main
track trough track
1 ≤1,000 0.15 0.20
2 1,000~2,500 0.20 0.30
3 2,500~4,000 0.25 0.40
4 4,000~6,300 0.30 0.50
5 6,300~10,000 0.40 0.60
7.3.4 If there is a requirement for surface heat treatment of the main track bearing plates and
other embedded parts of plain roller chain gates in design documents, the heat treatment
technology shall meet not only the requirements of surface hardness but also the requirements of
hardness distribution.
7.3.5 The allowance of curvature radius of main sealing support base surface of the radial gate
embedded parts with pressure-actuated water seal and eccentric trunnion shaft type water seal
shall be ±2.0mm, and its deflecting direction shall be same with that of curvature radius of the
outer arc of gate leaf panel. As for auxiliary water seal and other kinds of radial gates, the
allowable deviation of center curvature radius of side seal plates and side wheel guide plates on
gate slots shall be ±3.0mm.
7.3.6 The permissible length deviation of bottom sills and lintels shall be -4mm~0mm, and the
allowable deviation shall be ±4.0mm if the bottom sill is not inserted between other components.
The permissible width deviation of breast wall shall be -4mm~0mm, and the relative difference
of diagonal line shall not exceed 4.0mm. Meanwhile, for the reverse radial gates adopting steel
water seal, the water seal working face of bottom sill shall have a plainness of no more than
0.1mm, and the elevation difference between the left and right sides of lintel shall not exceed
0.5mm.
7.3.7 The stainless square steel of welded track and the seating plate of water seal shall be

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 NB/T 35045-2014

pressed fit when being assembled with the panel of track, and the local gap shall not exceed
0.5mm. Besides, the length of each section shall not be greater than 100mm, and the
accumulative total length shall not be greater than 15% of overall length. The allowable
deviation of the width of cast steel track tread shall be ±3.0mm.
7.3.8 If the sealing seat is located on the main track, the allowable deviation of distance c from
sealing seat working face at any cross section to track surface shall be ±0.5mm. The allowable
deviation of distance a from sealing seat center to track working face center shall be ±2.0mm.
The correlation of sealing seat and track surface are shown in Fig. 7.3.8.

Fig. 7.3.9 Correlation between sealing seat and

Fig. 7.3.8 Correlation between sealing seat
reverse track working face
and main track face
1- reverse track working face (refers to reverse
1-main track face (machined bearing surface);
track contacting position, non-machined
2-seaing seat (machined surface)
surface) 2-sealing plate (machined surface)
7.3.9 If sealing seat is located on reverse track, the allowable deviation of distance c from sealing
seat working face at any cross section to reverse track working surface shall be ±2.0mm. The
allowable deviation of distance a from sealing seat center to reverse track working face center
shall be ±3.0mm. The correlation of sealing seat and reverse track working face is shown in Fig.
7.3.9.
7.3.10 If protective steel angle is concurrently used as side track, the allowable deviation of its
distance a from main track face (or reverse track working face) center shall be ±3.0mm and the
squareness tolerance between side track and main track face (or reverse track working face) shall
not be greater than ±1.0mm (Fig. 7.3.10).

Fig.7.3.10 Correlation between protective steel angle and track

(reverse track)
1-main track face; 2-reverse track; 3-protective steel angle
7.3.11 Embedded parts sectionally manufactured shall be preassembled in workshop. The
preassembling can be carried out in the form of vertical assembling or horizontal assembling, but

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the following provisions shall be met:

1. The installing relation and geometrical figure of various components shall conform to the
design drawings.
2. The entire geometric dimensions and tolerance shall meet the relevant specification in Chapter
8 herein.
3. Rotating type sealing device shall be rotated flexibly without any obstructing.
4. The misalignment of subassembly of neighboring components shall meet the following
specification:
1) For working surfaces of the main track of roller chain gates, not exceeding 0.1mm.
2) For other machined surfaces, not exceeding 0.5mm.
3) For non-machined surfaces, not exceeding 2.0mm.
5. If the preassembling passes inspection, central line shall be strikingly marked on the working
face and sealing face of embedded parts and checking lines shall be plotted at 150mm on both
sides of intersection plane. Locating device can be set if necessary. All embedded parts shall be
numbered and packed according to the relevant provisions of this code.
7.3.12 The main sealing embedded parts of radial gates adopting pressure-actuated water seal
and eccentric-hinge compression-type water seal shall be preassembled before leaving workshop,
and the preassembling shall meet design requirements. For radial gates adopting
pressure-actuated water seal, the main sealing embedded parts and seals shall embrace leakage
test of seal cavity and the simulated state test of sealing pressurizing. The test pressure and test
results shall meet design requirements.

7.4 Manufacture of plain gates

7.4.1 Unless otherwise specified by this code, the allowable deviation of plain gate leaf
manufacture and assembly shall meet the specification of Table 7.4.1.
Table 7.4.1 Allowable deviations of plain gates

Sketch

Tolerance or
No. Item Leaf size Remarks
allowable deviation
≤1000 ±3.0
1 Leaf thickness b 1000~3000 ±4.0
＞3000 ±5.0
2 Leaf outline height H ≤5000 ±5.0 Note 1

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 NB/T 35045-2014

Leaf outline width B 5000~10000 ±8.0

10000~15000 ±10.0
15000~20000 ±12.0
＞20000 ±15.0
The bigger size of
gate height and
3.0
width:
4.0
Relative difference of ≤5000
3 5.0
diagonal line |D1-D2| 5000~10000
6.0
10000~15000
7.0
15000~20000
＞20000
≤10000 3.0
4 Twist
＞10000 4.0
B/1500, but not
5 Leaf transverse linearity f1 Note 2
greater than 6.0
H/1500, but not
6 Leaf vertical linearity f2
greater than 4.0
≤10000 ±3.0
Centre distance of two 10000~15000 ±4.0
7 Note 2
side girders 15000~20000 ±5.0
＞20000 ±6.0
≤10000 3.0
Parallelism of two side 10000~15000 4.0
8
girders |l‟-l| 15000~20000 5.0
＞20000 6.0
9 Dislocation of diaphrams 3.0
Local clearance of
10 junction plane of panel 1.0
and girder
Linearity of leaf bottom
11 2.0
edge
Inclined value of leaf
12 3.0
bottom edge 2C
Skin plate Within 1m, not
thickness: greater than
Local plainness of skin
13 ≤16 5.0
panel
10~16 4.0
≥16 3.0
Plainness of bottom edge
14 2.0
of two side girders
Plainness of inter-section
15 2.0
sealing plate
16 Plainness of sealing seat 2.0
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 NB/T 35045-2014

surface
Distance from sealing seat
17 working face to ±1.0
supporting seat face
Distance from side sealing
18 bolt hole center to gate ±1.5
leaf center
Distance from top sealing
19 bolt hole center to gate ±3.0
leaf bottom edge
Height of bottom sealing
20 ±2.0
seat plate
Centre distance of
21 automatic coupling ±2.0
locating holes (pins)
Distance from the central
line of the locating pin of
22 automatic lifting beam to ±2.0
the center of leaf
thickness
Distance from the central
line of the locating pin of
23 automatic lifting beam to ±2.0
given longitudinal datum
line
The relative
perpendicularity
between the locating pin
24 ≤1.5
of automatic lifting beam
and the bottom edge of
two side girders
Notes:
1. The difference of corresponding sides of leaf width B band height H shall not be greater than half of the
corresponding size tolerance (this specification applies to other types of gates)
2. The transverse linearity of gate leaf shall be measured through beam center line and the vertical linearity shall
be measured through two side girder center lines. The overall bending of gate leaf shall be convex upstream. If
the gate leaf is convex downstream, its linearity tolerance shall not exceed 3.0mm. However, the drawing
specification shall be followed as otherwise stated in design drawing.
7.4.2 Stress-relief heat treatment should be carried out to ensure the stability of entire leaf shape
and geometric dimensions after the welding of roller chain gate is completed. The following
requirements shall be met if the design documents require machining work on gate leafs.
1. The permissible distance deviation of corresponding planes is ±0.5 mm.
2. The contacting surface plainness of two leaf sides and load-bearing runway shall not be
greater than 0.3mm.
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 NB/T 35045-2014

3. The parallelism tolerance of two parallel planes shall not exceed 0.3mm.
4. The surface roughness of each machined face Ra≤25μm. Flange thickness of girders shall
conform to the corresponding value of design drawings, and the local allowable deviation shall
be -2.0mm~0mm.
7.4.3 The manufacture of major parts of roller chain gates like rollers, load-bearing runways and
non-load bearing runways shall meet the following requirements:
1. The workblank materials of major parts shall meet the relevant provisions of this code.
2. The dimension tolerance of major parts may be selected as per the precision of grade IT6~IT8
in GB/T 1800.2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Part 2: Tables of
standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts, and the surface roughness
Ra≤3.2μm.
3. If there is a requirement for surface heat treatment of load-bearing runway and rollers in
design drawings, the heat treatment technology shall meet the requirements of not only surface
hardness but also hardness distribution.
7.4.4 Rollers and sleeves shall be machined according to the fitting tolerance required in design
drawings. The inner hole tolerance of sleeve shall not be lower than the precision of grade H8
according to the specification of GB/T 1801 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits
and fits - Selection of tolerance zones and fits (eqv ISO 1829), and it cylindricity tolerance shall
be 1/2 of dimension tolerance. The manufacture of rollers shall meet Section 7.2 of this code. If
there is a requirement for surface heat treatment of rollers in design drawings, heat treatment
technologies shall meet the requirements of both surface hardness and hardness gradient. Once
the assembly is completed, rollers shall be rotated flexibly without obstructing. The circular
runout of rolling face shall not be lower than the precision of grade 9 according to the
specification of GB/T 1182 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)--Geometrical tolerancing
--Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (eqv ISO 1101).
7.4.5 The materials of slide track and bearing shall conform to the specification of design
drawings, and the physical and mechanical properties and technical requirements of
commonly-used RPTFE plates, cooper-based composites, self-lubricating bronze bearings and
engineering plastic alloy bearing materials shall meet the specification of Appendix M of this
code.
7.4.6 The clearance between bottom surface of supporting clamping slot for slider bearings and
surfaces of gates shall meet the specification of Table 7.4.6.

Table 7.4.6 Clearance between the bottom surface of supporting

clamping slot for slide and surface of gates (mm)

Clearance value
No. Clearance property Unmachined Machined contacting
contacting surface surface
△≤1.0, and each △≤0.3, and each
Thorough clearance
section shall not be section shall not be
greater than 200. The greater than 100. The
1
accumulative length accumulative length
shall not exceed 20% shall not exceed 15%
of total slideway of total slideway

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 NB/T 35045-2014

length. length.
Partial clearance
△≤0.5, b≤l/10 (the △≤0.3, b≤l/10 (the
accumulative length accumulative length
2 shall not exceed 50% shall not exceed 25%
of total slideway of total slideway
length). length).

7.4.7 Adjustment shall be made by regarding the sealing seat surface as reference surface when
the main running device or reverse supporting device are being assembled. All rollers or sliders
shall be within the same plane and the allowable tolerance of its planeness shall be: not greater
than 2.0mm for the span of rollers or sliders less than or equal to 10m; not greater than 3.0mm
for the span of rollers or sliders greater than 10m. For each section of slider, at least one point
shall be respectively measured at both ends. Meanwhile, the inclination of roller to any plane
shall not exceed 2/1000 of roller diameter.
7.4.8 The permissible parallelism tolerance of slider base plate and sealing seat shall be: not
greater than 0.5mm for sliders with a length less than or equal to 500mm; not greater than 1.0mm
for sliders with a length greater than 500mm. The height difference of abutting ends of adjacent
sliders shall not be greater than 1.0mm.
7.4.9 The permissible span deviation of roller and slider base plate shall meet the specification of
Table 7.4.9 and the centerline allowable deviation of rollers and sliders at the side shall not be
greater than 2.0mm.
Table 7.4.9 Allowable deviation of support spans (mm)
Allowable deviation
No. Span
Roller Slider support
1 ≤5000 ±2.0 ±2.0
2 5000~10000 ±3.0 ±2.0
3 ＞10000 ±4.0 ±2.0
7.4.10 On the same cross section, the permissible distance deviation of roller or slider working
face and sealing seat surface shall be ±1.5mm and that of reverse bearings or roller working
faces and sealing seat surface shall be ±2.0mm.
7.4.11 Gate lifting lugs shall take leaf centerline as reference, and the allowable deviation of
single lifting eye shall be ±2.0mm, and the center distance deviation of two lifting eyes for
double lifting-point gate shall be ±2.0mm. The allowable deviation of lifting eyes longitudinal
and horizontal centerlines shall be ±2.0mm, and the holes of lifting eyes and stems shall keep
concentric and its inclination shall not be greater than 1/1000.
7.4.12 Each section of the lifting stem of the gate shall be manufactured as per the design
drawing. After manufactured, the lifting stem shall be preassembled at workshop. After
pre-assembly, the allowable deviation of its total length shall be 0mm to +10mm. After the
preassembly is acceptable, it shall be clearly marked in the various directions (up, down, left and
right) to facilitate future installation.
7.4.13 For the integral assembly of plain gates:
1. Regardless of how plain gates are manufactured in workshop (integrally or sectionally), it

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shall be entirely preassembled before leaving workshop (including main supporting device,
reverse supporting device, side supporting device and water filling device). The preassembly
shall be conducted in a free state, and the inspection result shall accord with the relevant
provisions of this chapter. The dislocation at joints shall not be greater than 2.0mm, and the
clearance of installation site shall not exceed 4.0mm. Filling valve shall be preassembled in
workshop, and the stroke and leak proofness of it shall be inspected. The stroke shall conform to
design requirements, and no translucidus or leakage is permitted.
2. The preassembly of roller chain gates shall meet the following specifications:
1) The allowable deviation of load-bearing runway span shall meet Table 7.4.13.
2) Once the assembly is completed, the chain shall be able to move flexibly, and shall be free
from obstruction. Each roller and load-bearing runway shall be well contacted when the gate leaf
is placed horizontally, and the contacting length shall not be less than 80% of the chain roller
length. Meanwhile, the local clearance shall be less than 0.10mm. When gate leaf is at working
position, the distance (down slack) between chain rollers and lower runway shall be inspected
and meet the design requirements.
3) The assembly of reverse rollers, side rollers and rubber sealings shall be adjusted and
inspected by taking the plane and center determined by chain rollers on load-bearing runway as
reference, and the inspection result shall accord with the relevant provisions in this chapter and
the dislocation at joint shall not be greater than 1.0mm.
Table 7.4.13 Allowable deviation of load-bearing runway span (mm)
No. Span Allowable deviation
1 ≤5000 ±1.0
2 5000~10000 ±2.0
3 ＞10000 ±3.0
3. Upon passing inspection, leaf centerline, side vertical girder centerline and diagonal line
control point shall be distinctly marked. Inspection lines for installation control shall be plotted
at 150mm on both sides of the joint. Reliable locating devices shall be provided and all parts
shall be membered and marked.

7.5 Manufacture of radial gates

7.5.1 The processing and assembly of hinges and hinge supports of trunions of radial gates shall
meet the following provisions:
1. The planeness of hinges and hinged supports of trunnions, and the coaxiality of trunnion axle
holes and hinged support axle holes shall meet the precision requirements of grade 9 in GB/T
1184 Geometrical Tolerancing-Geometrical tolerance for features without individual tolerance
indications (eqv ISO 2768-2), and the surface roughness Ra≤25μm. The connection hole of
hinge and bracket shall adopt numerical control machining or formworks overcoring.
2. The plane of the hinge of oblique bracket radial gates shall be normal to the angular bisector
of brackets included angle, and the inclined angle of angular bisector of bracket shall meet the
requirements of design drawings.
3. If self-lubricating bearings are adopted, the dimension precision of shaft of trunnion and holes
of hinge shall meet the fitting requirements of bearings. Spherical trunnion is shown in Fig.
7.5.1.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

Fig. 7.5.1 Spherical trunnion

1. Hinge; 2 Hinged support; 3. Shaft; 4. Spherical bearing
7.5.2 Unless otherwise specified in this code, the allowable deviation of the manufacture and
assembly of radial gate leaf shall meet the specification of Table 7.5.2.
7.5.3 For radial gates adopting longitudinal parting, from the finish of the welding between
each gate leaf and brackets to the maching of the skin plate, stress relief shall be conducted
according to 4.7 in this code. The machining, drilling and surface treatment of the joint faces
between sections shall meet the relevant requirements in this code and design requirements.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

Table 7.5.2 Allowable deviations of radial gates

Sketch

Tolerance or allowable deviation

No. Item Leaf size Remarks
Submerged type Emersed type
≤1000 ±3.0 ±3.0
1 Leaf thickness b 1000~3000 ±4.0 ±4.0
＞3000 ±5.0 ±5.0
≤5000 ±5.0 ±5.0
Leaf outline height H 5000~10000 ±8.0 ±8.0
2
Leaf outline width B 10000~15000 ±10.0 ±10.0
＞15000 ±12.0 ±12.0
≤5000 3.0 3.0
Relative difference of diagonal line Measured at the joint of bracket and
3 5000~10000 4.0 4.0
|D1-D2| main girder
＞10000 5.0 5.0
4 Twist ≤5000 2.0 2.0 Measured at the joint of bracket and

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 NB/T 35045-2014

5000~10000 3.0 3.0 main girder

＞10000 4.0 4.0
≤5000 3.0 3.0
5000~10000 4.0 4.0 Measured at the corner of gate leaf
＞10000 5.0 5.0
≤5000 3.0 6.0 Measured with the center of cross
5 Leaf transverse linearity 5000~10000 4.0 7.0 girder, secondary girder and transverse
＞10000 5.0 8.0 diaphrams
Measured with the center of cross
Clearance between the longitudinal girder, secondary girder and transverse
6 3.0 6.0
radian of gate leaf and sample ruler diaphram by the sample ruler with a
3.0m chord length
7 Centre distance of two side girders ±3.0 ±3.0
8 Parallelism of two side girders |l‟-l| 3.0 3.0
Dislocation of longitudinal
9 2.0 2.0
diaphrams
Local clearance of junction plane of
10 1.0 1.0
panel and girder
Skin plate thickness δ: Within 1m, not greater than Measured by a 1m levelling ruler for
Clearance of local skin plate and 6~10 5.0 6.0 horizontal measurement, and a sample
11
sample ruler 10~16 4.0 5.0 ruler with a chord length of 3.0m for
＞16 3.0 4.0 vertical measurement
12 Linearity of leaf bottom edge 2.0 2.0
Inclined value of leaf bottom edge
13 3.0 3.0
2C
14 Planeness of side sealing seat 2.0 2.0

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 NB/T 35045-2014

15 Planeness of top sealing seat 2.0 -

Distance from side sealing bolt hole
16 ±1.5 ±1.5
center to leaf center
Distance from top sealing bolt hole
17 ±3.0 -
center to leaf bottom edge
Note:
If the gate leaf width, the center distance between two side girders and the corresponding linearity are related to side sealing, the deviation value shall conform to the specification of drawing.

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7.5.4 For radial gates adopting pressure-actuated seals, eccentric hinge compressed seals or
requiring partial opening, if the junction surface of the skin plate, gate leafs and brackets and
junction surfaces of brackets and hinges require machining work, leafs shall be manufactured
and inspected strictly according to the various requirements for submerged radial gates in Table
7.5.2. Additionally, the curvature radius allowable deviation of outer arc of machined leaf skin
plate shall be ±2.0mm, and its deviation direction shall accord with the curvature radius
deviation direction of side track and main sealing seat surface. The machined plate thickness
shall conform to the design drawings and local allowable deviation shall be -2.0mm~0mmm. The
surface roughness Ra≤25μm. After machining work, the geometric tolerance of radial gates
shall meet the specification of Table 7.5.4.
7.5.5 Reverse radial gates and brackets shall be integrally manufactured, and stress-relief heat
treatment shall be carried out in accordance with 4.7 of this code before machining work. For
reverse radial gates adopting steel seal as the bottom seal, the linearity of leaf bottom edges shall
not exceed 0.15mm, and the local planeness of bottom sealing seat working face within1 meter
shall not be greater than 0.3mm. The allowable deviation of the distance between side sealing
seat and the center of gate leaf is -1.0mm~+0.5mm, and the allowable deviation of the distance
between top sealing seat to leaf bottom edge is ±1.0.

Table 7.5.4 Geometric tolerance (mm)

No. Item Size Tolerance

≤1000 0.5
1000~1600 0.8
1600~2500 1.0
1 Transverse linearity of gate leafs
2500~4000 1.2
4000~6300 1.5
6300~10000 2.0
≤630 0.25
630~1000 0.3
2 Planeness of each joint surface
1000~1600 0.4
1600~2500 0.5
7.5.6 The permissible location deviation of radial gate lifting eyes and the allowable deviations
of longitudinal and transverse centerlines of lifting eyes shall accord with the specification of
7.4.11 of this code.
7.5.7 The construction of brackets is shown in Fig. 7.5.7, and the allowable deviation of
assembly shall meet the following provisions:
1. For the material preparation of brackets, welding shrinkage and fitting allowance shall be
considered and will be modified during the integral assembly of radial gates, and the aim is to
ensure that the length can finally meet the requirements of external radius from axle centerline of
hinge to skin plate.
2. The allowable deviation of brackets, as a singly manufactured component, shall meet the
specification of Table 7.1.7 in this code.
3. The allowable deviation of the chord length l of bracket opening shall meet the specification
of Table 7.5.7.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

(a) (b)

Fig. 7.5.7 Bracket construction

(a) Double-bracket (b) Three-bracket
1-bracket;2-fore stand plate of braket;3-back end tab
Table 7.5.7 Allowable deviation of chord length l of bracket opening
No. Chord length l of bracket opening l Limit deviation
1 ≤4000 ±2.0
2 4000~6000 ±3.0
3 ＞6000 ±4.0
4. The side twist of straight brackets shall not be greater than 2.0mm. The squareness of two
sides of reversed gate brackets to horizontal surface shall not exceed 1/1000.
5. The assembly of oblique brackets shall take the bisecting line of bracket axial angle as
reference line. Webs of bracket and leaf girder shall form horizontal connection and bracket
connecting plate shall be normal to reference line. The torsional angle of section of upper and
lower webs of bracket normal to reference line shall be checked with templete and the templete
clearance shall not be greater than 2.0mm. Bracket stiffening plate shall be pre-folded in shape
according to the calculated torsional angle value but not be fitted out by force.
7.5.8 Radial gates shall be preassembled and inspected before leaving workshop, and the check
points are shown in Fig. 7.5.8. The allowable deviation shall accord with not only the relevant
specifications in this section but also the following requirements:

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 NB/T 35045-2014

Fig. 7.5.8 Check points of radial gate assembly

1. The coaxiality tolerance of two hinge axis holes, a, shall not be greater than 1.0mm, and the
obliqueness of each hinge axis hole shall not be greater than 1/1000.
2. The allowable deviation of distance from center of hinge to that of gate leafs, l1, is ±1.0mm.
3. The misfit value of bracket and hinge center, △1，shall not be greater than 2.0mm, and the
misfit value of bracket web center and girder web center, △2，shall not be greater than 4.0mm.
4. The allowable deviation of the distance from center of brackets to that of gate leafs (at the
bracket opening), l2, shall be ±1.5mm.
5. The relative difference of diagonal line from the junction center of brackets and girders to the
junction center of brackets and hinges, |D1-D2 |, shall not be greater than 3.0mm.
6. In the vertical section of upper and lower brackets included angle bisecting line, the location
tolerance C=|l3-l‟3| of upper and lower bracket sides shall not exceed 5.0mm.
7. The deviation of radius from center line of hinge shafts to skin plate outer edge, R: the
allowable deviation of emersed gates is ±7.0mm and the relative difference of two sides shall
not be greater than 5.0mm; the allowable deviation of submerged gates is ±3.0mm, and the
relative difference of two sides shall not be greater than 2.0mm; the allowable deviation of radial
gates adopting pressure-actuated seals or eccentric-hinge compressed seals is ±2.0mm, and the
deviation direction shall be consistent with the deviation direction of inner curvature radius of
slot side track sealing seat surface, and the relative difference of two sides shall not exceed
1.0mm.
8. The faying surface between the end face of brackets and leaf /hinge connecting plates shall be
smooth and tightly adhibited, and the contacting area shall not be less than 75%. After
connecting bolts are tightened, inspection shall be conducted with 0.3mm feeler gauge, and the
continuous inserting length shall not be greater than 100mm. Meanwhile, the accumulative
length shall not be greater than 75% of the perimeter. The maximum clearance of very few points
shall not be greater than 0.8mm.
9. For the reverse gate adopting steel seal as the bottom seal, the contact ratio (local clearance) of

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 NB/T 35045-2014

the bottom seal working surface and bottom sill embedded parts working surface shall not
exceed 0.1mm, and the continuous length shall not be greater than 20mm. The accumulative
length shall not exceed 10% of the total length.
10. The dislocation at junction shall not be greater than 2.0mm.
11. Upon passing inspection, gate leaf centerline and diagonal line control points shall be
distinctly marked. Inspection lines for installation control shall be plotted at 150mm on both
sides of joints. Reliable locating devices shall be provided and all parts shall be membered and
marked.
7.5.9 The pressure tank mating radial gates adopting pressure-actuated water seal shall be
manufactured and tested according to GB 150 Pressure vessels, and it can leave factory only if
the inspection is up to standard.

7.6 Manufacture of mitre gates and triangle gates

7.6.1 The allowable deviation for manufacture and assembly of mitre gates shall meet the
specification of Table 7.6.1.

Table 7.6.1 Allowable deviation of mitre gates (mm)

Sketch

No. Item Gate leaf size Allowable deviation Remarks

≤1000 ±3.0
1 Leaf thickness b 1000~3000 ±4.0
＞3000 ±5.0
≤5000 ±5.0
5000~10000 ±8.0
Leaf outline height H
2 10000~15000 ±12.0
15000~20000 ±16.0
＞20000 ±20.0
≤5000 ±2.5
Half of leaf outline width
3 5000~10000 ±4.0
B/2
＞10000 ±5.0
4 Relative difference of ≤5000 3.0 Taking the greater

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 NB/T 35045-2014

diagonal line |D1-D2| 5000~10000 4.0 value between

10000~15000 5.0 gate height and
15000~20000 6.0 width
＞20000 7.0
≤5000 2.5
Front linearity of heelpost
5 5000~10000 4.0
and miter post
＞10000 5.0
Side linearity of heelpost
6 5.0
and miter post
Measured with the
B/1500, and not
7 Leaf transverse linearity f1 centerline of each
greater than 4.0
crossgirder
Measured with the
H/1500, and not centerlines of two
8 Leaf transverse linearity f2
greater than 6.0 side longitudinal
diaphrams
Relative difference of ≤5000 2.5
9 lengths of top and bottom 5000~10000 4.0
girders ＞10000 5.0
Local clearance of junction
10 plane of skin plate and 1.0
girder
Skin plate thickness Within1m:
Local concave-convex ≤10 6.0
11
planeness of skin plate 10~16 5.0
＞16 4.0
Linearity of leaf bottom
12 2.0
edge
Planeness of sealing seat
13 2.0
surface
Obliqueness of leaf bottom
14 3.0
edge 2C
Dislocation of longitudinal
15 3.0
diaphrams
7.6.2 Support and pillow blocks shall be preassembled and ground pair by pair to guarantee the
tight contact before leaving workshop. The local clearance shall not be greater than 0.05mm, and
the accumulative length shall not exceed 10% of the length of support and pillow block.
7.6.3 Unless otherwise specified in design, bottom pintle assembly mushroom head and bottom
pintle assembly top axle sleeve shall be preassembled, ground and scraped in workshop.
Meanwhile, the following requirements shall be met as well:
1. The center of mushroom head shall be positioned and marked during machining process.
2. They shall be able to rotate flexibly without obstructing.
3. The faying surface of mushroom head and axle sleeve shall be centralized within the range of
20°to 120°(top central angle), and the number of contacts in faying surface shall not be less
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 NB/T 35045-2014

than 1~2 within an area of 25mm×25mm. The contact area of axle sleeve and mushroom head
shall be not less than 75%.
7.6.4 Mitre gates shall be assembled integrally and inspected before leaving workshop, and the
allowable deviation shall meet not only the specification of Table 7.6.1 but also the following
requirements:
1. The leaf centerline (vertical line) and bottom cross-girder centerline (horizontal line) shall be
taken as reference lines when mitre gates are integrally assembled.
2. The location deviation of bottom pintle assembly top cover center shall not be greater than
2.0mm and the parallelism of bottom pintle assembly top cover and bottom cross-girder
centerline shall not be greater than 1.0mm.
3. For mitre gates manufactured in section, upper gudgeon holes shall be bored or reamed after
field leaf installation and welding. During integral assembly, the top and bottom pintle assembly
axes and upper gudgeon hole control line shall be made and calibrated with instruments. The
coaxiality of top and bottom pintle assembly centers shall not be greater than 0.5mm, and the
parallelism of top and bottom pintle assembly centerlines and gate leaf centerline shall not be
greater than 0.5mm.
4. For mitre gates manufactured integrally, top pintle assembly may be bored in workshop. The
coaxiality of top and bottom pintle assembly centers shall not be greater than 0.5mm, and the
parallelism of top and bottom pintle assembly centerlines and gate leaf centerline shall not be
greater than 0.5mm.
5. Upon passing inspection, gate leaf centerline, end tab centerline and the centerline of bottom
cross-girder shall be distinctly marked. Inspection lines for installation control shall be plotted at
150mm on both sides of sectional joints. Reliable locating devices shall be provided and all parts
shall be membered and marked.
7.6.5 Top pintle assembly shall be preassembled in workshop, and the axle hole fitting surfaces
of wedge blocks and pull rods as well as pulling frames shall be inspected. Local clearance shall
not be greater than 0.08mm, and the effective contact area shall not be less than 75%.
7.6.6 The triangle gates is shown in 7.6.6, and the allowable deviation for the manufacture and
assembly of gate leafs shall conform to the following requirements:
1. The manufacture of gate leaf structures shall respectively meet the specification of Table 7.4.1
(item 1- item 13) in 7.4.1 of this code and Table 7.5.2 (item 1- item 1) of 7.5.2 herein.
2. The manufacture of bracket trusswork shall meet the relevant provisions of GB 50205 Code
for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures.
3. Triangle gates shall be entirely preassembled and inspected before leaving workshop, and the
allowable deviation shall be implemented according to the relevant provisions of emersed radial
gates in 7.5.8 and 7.6.4 in this code.
4. The other manufacturing requirements of triangle gates shall accord with the specification of
JTS 257 Standard for Quality Inspection of Port and Waterway Engineering Construction.

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 NB/T 35045-2014

(a) (b)
Fig. 7.6.6 Triangle gate structure
(a) side view; (b) top view
1- end post structure;2- truss structure;3-skin plate-girder system structure

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 NB/T 35045-2014

8. Installation of gates and embedded parts

8.1 Installation of embedded parts

8.1.1 The anchor plates (bolts) pre-embedded in phase I concrete shall be manufactured and
installed according to design drawings. Anchor plates (bolts) shall be fixed according to the lines
marked on formwork as per construction drawings. Anchor plates (bolts) shall be kept close to
formwork. The location of embedded anchor plates (bolts) shall be inspected before concrete
placing.
8.1.2 Foreign matters like formworks in the gate slot shall be cleared off before the installation of
embedded parts. The interface of phase I and phase Ⅱ concrete shall be roughened, and the
cross section size of phaseⅡ concrete and the location of embedded anchor plates (bolts) shall
conform to the requirements of desgin drawings.
8.1.3 Unless otherwise specified herein, the tolerance or allowable deviation of the installation of
plain gate embedded parts shall conform to Table 8.1.3.
8.1.4 The installation of embedded parts for roller chain gates shall conform to 8.1.3. Besides,
the dislocation of main track bearing face joints shall not be greater than 0.2mm, with a gentle
slope. The main track bearing faces on both sides of opening shall be within the same plane and
the planeness tolerance shall conform to Table 8.1.4.

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Table 8.1.3 Installation tolerance or allowable deviation of plain gate embedded parts
Main track Breast wall
Steel corner Serving as Not serving
Name of embedded Side Converse Sealing
Bottom sill Lintel Machi Unmachi serving as side seal as seal
parts guide guide plate
ned ned guide Upp Low Upp Low
er er er er

No.

Figure

In
+2.0 +2.0 +3.0 +3.0 +2.0 +5.0 +2.0 +8.0 +2.0
working ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0
-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.0 -1.0 -0.0 -1.0
To Slot CL: range
1
a Out of
+3.0 +5.0 +5.0
working - - ±5.0 - ±5.0 - - - -
-1.0 -2.0 -2.0
range
In
working ±5.0 - ±3.0 ±3.0 ±5.0 ±3.0 ±3.0 ±5.0 - - - -
To Opening range
2
CL: b Out of
working - - ±4.0 ±4.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 - ±5.0 - - - -
range

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3 Elevation. ▽ ±5.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Distance
from lintel
4 - - ±3.0 - - - - - -
to sill face:
h
The height L＜
2.0 - - - - - - - - - -
difference 10000
between the
5
two ends of L≥
3.0 - - - - - - - - - -
working 10000
face
In
working 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0
Planeness of
range
6 working
Out of
face
working - - - - - - - - - - - -
range
In
Dislocation working 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
of working range
7
face Out of
junction working - - 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 - - - -
range

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f
value: Fig. -

B＜ 2.0
Surface 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
8 100
Surfacet wist

width
B=100
in 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
~200
working
B＞
range 2.0 - 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 - 3.0
200
Permissible value
to be enlarged out - - 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0
of working range
Notes:
1. At least one point per meter shall be measured for each component
2. Lower breast wall refers to lintel junction.
3. Height of slot working range: opening height for operating gates in under balanced head water or main track height for operating gates in flow.
4. Junction dislocation shall be ground to a gentle slope.

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Table 8.1.4 Planeness of main track bearing face (mm)

No. Length of main track Planeness
1 ≤1000 0.4
2 1000~2500 0.5
3 2500~4000 0.6
4 4000~6300 0.8
5 6300~10000 1.0
8.1.5 The anchor bolts and steel girders of radial gate trunnion supports shall be installed after
the prestressed tension of pier anchors or anchor ropes and the concrete pouring are completed.
The location deviation of anchor bolt center of radial gates trunnion support and design center
shall not be more than 1.0mm.
8.1.6 Unless otherwise specified in this code, the allowable deviation of the installation of radial
gate embedded parts shall conform to Table 8.1.6.

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Table 8.1.6 Allowable deviation of radial gate embedded parts (mm)

Side seal plate
Name of embedded parts Bottom sill Lintel Side wheel guide plate
Submerged type Emersed type

No.
Figure

+2.0
1 Mileage ±5.0 - - -
-1.0
2 Elevation ±5.0 - - - -
3 Distance form lintel center to bottom sill , h - ±3.0 - - -
+3.0 +3.0
In working range ±5.0 - ±2.0
-2.0 -2.0
4 To opening centerline b
+4.0 +6.0 +6.0
Out of working range - -
-2.0 -2.0 -2.0
L≥
3.0 - - - -
5 Height difference between two ends of the working face 10000
L＜10000 2.0 - - - -
6 Working face planeness 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
7 Working face junction dislocation 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
8 Curvature radius of side seal plate and side wheel guide plate centerline - - ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0
Distortion f

Figure
Surface

9 B≤200 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0

Surface width of working range
B=100~200 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5

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B＞200 2.0 - 2.0 2.0 3.0

Permissible value to be enlarged out of working range - - 2.0 2.0 2.0
Notes:
1. L stands for the width of gates.
2. Lintel is generally fixed at last in installation, so the location of lintel shall be adjusted according to the actual location of gate leafs.
3. Working range refers to opening height.
4. At least one point per meter shall be measured for each component.
5. If the side seal plate of submerged gates is made of stainless steel, the dislocation of junction shall not be more than 0.5mm.
6. Junction dislocation shall be ground to a gentle slope.

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8.1.7 For the radial gates with a pressure-actuated seal or an eccentric-hinge compressed seal, the
allowable deviation of the distance from the centerline of main sealing seat surface of its
embedded parts to the centerline of opening is ±2.0mm; the curvature radius allowable deviation
of main sealing seat cardinal surface of embedded parts is
±3.0mm, and the deviation direction shall be consistent with
that of leaf skin plate external radial surface; the allowable
deviation of gap size from the main seal seat cardinal surface
of embedded parts to external radial surface shall not be
greater than ±1.5mm.
8.1.8 During installation of trunnion steel girder of radial
gates, the allowable deviation of girder center mileage,
elevation and distance from steel girder center to opening
centerline shall be ±1.5mm.The obliqueness of steel girders
Fig. 8.1.8 Obliqueness of
for trunnion (See Fig. 8.1.8) shall be controlled by the
trunnion steel girder
deviation value of horizontal projection size L, and the
allowable deviation of L shall not exceed L/1000.
8.1.9 The allowable deviation of steel lining installation shall conform to Table 8.1.9.
Table 8.1.9 Allowable deviation of steel lining installation (mm)
No. Designation bottom lining Side lining Top lining
1 Elevation ±5.0
2 Mileage ±5.0 ±3.0
Side lining on +6.0
±5.0
Distance to the centerline bottom lining -2.0
3 ±5.0
of opening Bottom lining in And relative
±3.0
side linings difference≤4.0
Relative difference of elevation between two
4 4.0 4.0
arbitrary points in working face
5 Dislocation of junction surface 1.0 1.0 1.0
Notes:
1. The deviation direction of bottom lining‟s mileage shall be consistent with that of bottom sill.
2. The elevation of the side lining connected to lintel, the mileage and the elevation of top lining shall match the
actual installation site of lintel.
8.1.10 Adjustable bolts shall be tightly welded with anchor plates (bolts) in accordance with
design drawings after embedded parts are installed and properly adjusted. Any deformation or
displacement of embedded parts is not allowed in placement of phaseⅡconcrete.
8.1.11 If the embedded parts are set in phase I concrete, the reinforcement shall be carried out in
a reliable way during installation, and a dependable monitoring scheme shall be made to monitor
the key points during concreting. No deformations or displacements are permitted during the
concreting process.
8.1.12 The dislocation of working face butt joints of embedded parts shall be ground to a gentle
slope; weld burrs and weld cambers of wet faces and working faces shall be razed and polished;
dents shall be filled and polished until it flushes with the base metal.

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8.1.13 For the radial gates with a pressure-actuated seal, the installation of pipe embedded parts,
which is mated with pressure-actuated seals, and water pressure test shall conform to GB/T 8564
Specification installation of hydraulic turbine generator units and GB/T 50184 Code for
acceptance of construction quality of industrial metallic piping engineering.
8.1.14 The stage installation of embedded parts shall conform to the following requirements:
1. The base point for post-installation shall be set based on that for initial installation, and the
protection of the base point for initial installation and transition point shall be conducted properly
in construction.
2. The coordination for cross-operation of the installation welding of embedded parts and
concrete pouring shall be carried out properly, and the relevant provisions for welding of
embedded parts in this code shall be followed. The protection of embedded parts surfaces,
especially the working face of embedded parts, shall be conducted well.
3. The stage acceptance shall be completed in time.
8.1.15 After the installed embedded parts are inspected and qualified, phase II concrete shall be
poured within 5d~7d. If the embedded parts are overdue or collided, they shall be re-inspected,
and the concrete can be poured when they are qualified. The height of concrete lift shall not
exceed 5m, and the colliding of embedded parts or formwork is forbidden during concrete
pouring. Appropriate measures shall be taken to vibrate concrete. Concrete segregation,
formwork shifting and slurry leakage are not allowed.
8.1.16 Formwork removal can only be implemented if the strength of phase I and phase II
concrete reaches 70% of design strength. After formwork removal, embedded parts shall be
re-measured and the result shall be recorded. Meanwhile, the concrete and foreign matters on the
surface of embedded parts shall be inspected and cleared, and the working face shall be reliably
protected. In addition, the size of concrete structure in slot shall be checked, the remained rebars
and other foreign matters shall be removed, so that the hoisting of gate is not be affected.
8.1.17 The testing of the slot of all plain gates, especially shared slot, shall be carried out before
water retaining.

8.2 Installation of plain gates

8.2.1 All sizes shall be re-measured according to design drawings before a gate is integrally
installed, and the relevant requirements of this code shall be followed.
8.2.2 After the assembly of gates manufactured in sections, all sizes shall be re-measured
according to the relevant provisions in this code. Besides, the following requirements shall be
met:
1. For the bolted connection between sections, bolts shall be tightened according to relevant
provisions of bolting connection.
2. For welding connection between sections, welding and inspection shall be conducted
according to the qualified welding procedure. The relevant provisions of welding in this code
shall also be met, and proper measures shall be taken to control the deformation during welding.
8.2.3 The size of filling valve shall conform to design drawings, and its guide mechanism shall
be flexible and reliable. Sealing element and seat valve shall contact with each other uniformly,
and meet the sealing requirement.
8.2.4 The physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal are shown in Appendix N of this
code.

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8.2.5 The location of bolt holes of rubber seal shall be consistent with that of gate leaf and seal
plate. Hole diameter shall be 1.0mm smaller than bolt diameter, and the holes shall be made with
special core bit and burnt hole is forbidden. The bolt end shall be at least 8.0mm lower than the
free surface of rubber seal after bolts are uniformly tightened.
8.2.6 The surface of rubber seals shall be smooth, flat and straight, and the rubber-plastic
compound seals shall be kept flat and straight in transportation, which shall not be reeled or
folded in storage, either. The allowable deviation of thickness shall be ±1.0mm, and the
allowable deviation of other sizes of cross section shall be ±2.0% of design size.
8.2.7 Corner seals shall be integrally manufactured in workshop.
8.2.8 The crude rubber hot pressing vulcanization binding method shall be adopted for joints of
rubber seal and dislocation, unevenness or looseness are not allowed; if the jointing is made by
the normal temperature adhesive, the tensile strength shall not be lower than 85% of rubber seal
tensile strength in Appendix N in this code.
8.2.9 Once the installation of rubber seals is completed, the allowable deviation of the distance
between the centers of the two side seals is ±3.0mm, so is that of the distance from top seal to the
edge of bottom seal. The planeness of seal surface is 2.0mm. If gates are in service condition, the
compression amount of rubber seals shall conform to design drawings. Besides, light
transmission inspection or water flushing test shall be conducted.
8.2.10 When the upper concrete is being placed, reliable measures shall be taken to protect the
gates and embedded parts installed. The gates and their accessories shall not be damaged, and the
subsequent construction shall not be affected.
8.2.11 For plain gates, the static balance test shall be conducted as follows: gates are lifted up for
100mm from the ground, and the inclination at upstream and downstream and in right and left
direction shall be measured through the roller or slideway center. In general, the inclination of
plain gates shall not exceed 1/1000 of gate height, and not be greater than 8.0mm; the inclination
of roller chain gates shall not exceed 1/1500 of gate height, and not exceed 3.0mm.
Counterweight shall be provided if the requirements mentioned above are not satisfied.

8.3 Installation of radial gates

8.3.1 Before the installation of the trunnion support of radial gates, the location and size of
pre-installed anchor bolts or trunnion support steel girders shall be rechecked; the allowable
deviation of hinged support with spherical bearings, cylinder bearings or other kinds of hinged
supports shall conform to Table 8.3.1.
Table 8.3.1 Allowable deviation of trunnion support of radial gates (mm)
Allowable deviation
No. Item
Cylinder bearing Spherical bearing
Distance from trunnion support center
1 ±1.5 ±1.5
to opening centerline
2 Mileage ±2.0 ±2.0
3 Elevation ±2.0 ±2.0
4 Inclination of axle hole l/1000 l/1000
5 Coaxiality of two axes 1.0 2.0
Note:
The inclination of trunnion support refers to inclination in any direction, and l stands for the distance between
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centers of two lifting eye plates.

8.3.2 After the integral assembly of the gate leafs of radial gates manufactured in sections, the
sizes of radial gates shall be re-measured according to the design drawings, and the relevant
requirements of this code shall be satisfied. If welding connection is used between sections,
welding and inspection shall be carried out with the qualified welding procedures according to
the relevant provisions of welding; if bolt connections are used between sections, bolt shall be
tightened and inspected in accordance with the relevant requirements of bolting.
8.3.3 The installation of radial gates, radial arms and trunnion hinges shall conform to the
following requirements:
1. If the connecting plates at both ends of radial arms require welding during installation,
effective measures shall be taken to reduce deformation, and to ensure good and tight contact of
the junction face of connecting plates and girders or hinges.
2. Coupling bolts shall be tightened and inspected according to the relevant provisions of bolting,
and the clearance of connection faces shall be inspected according to that in 7.5.8(8). Shear
plates shall be tightly pressed against the side of connecting plates and welded according to
design requirements.
3. The allowable deviation of the distance from the center of trunnion hinges to the radial gate
edge radius R shall be: ±8.0mm for emersed radial gates with a relative difference of two sides
not greater than 5.0mm; ±4.0mm for submerged radial gates with a relative difference of two
sides not greater than 3.0m; ±3.0mm for the radial gates adopting a pressure actuated seal or an
eccentric-hinged compressed seal, and the deviation direction shall be consistent with that of
curvature radius of the main sealing seat surface. The clearance deviation from the main seal seat
surface to the external radial surface shall not exceed 3.0mm, and the relative difference of the
radius at two sides shall not exceed 1.5mm.
8.3.4 For the installation of the radial gates with a pressure-actuated seal or an eccentric-hinged
compressed seal, the gates and hoists shall be firstly installed, and then the gates shall be lifted to
adjust the gap between gates and the slot according to the actual location of the gates. The
adjustment of gate slot, welding reinforcement and the placing of phase II concrete shall be
accomplished after design requirements are satisfied.
8.3.5 The installation of the seal of radial gates shall conform to the following requirements:
1. For common radial gates and the radial gates with a pressure-actuated seal or an
eccentric-hinged compressed seal (except for reversed radial gates), the installation of the
auxiliary top and side rubber seals shall meet the relevant provisions of 8.2.4~8.2.9 of this code.
2. The clamp plates of seals shall be tightened on the gate slot frame of the main seal before the
main seal of pressure-actuated seal is installed. The width and dislocation of the joint of clamp
plates of seals shall be less than 0.5mm. Meanwhile, the junction surface of clamp plates and the
seal seat of gate slot frame shall be tightly contacted to each other. After the seal installation is
finished, the bottom surface of clamp plates and that of the seal seat of slot shall be fully
contacted. For the extended parts of the seal between two clamp plates, the opening width shall
not be less than the design value. The distances from top surface of clamp plates to the outside
surface of gate slot and to the top surface of the clamp plates of seal head shall meet design
requirements, and the seal head shall not be higher than the clamp plate of seals.
3. For the radial gates with an eccentric-hinge compressed seal, the installation of main seal shall
conform to the requirements of design drawings.

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4. For the reverse radial gates with steel seal as bottom seal, the partial gap between the bottom
seal of gates and sill shall not exceed 0.1mm within the range of the continuous length not
greater than 20mm, and the accumulative length shall not exceed 10% of the total length. The
allowable deviation of the compression of side rubber seal shall be -2.0mm~0mm, and that of top
rubber seal shall be -1.0mm~2.0mm.
8.3.6 After the embedded parts, gates and facilities of the radial gates with a pressure-actuated
seal are installed, the pressure-actuated system and pressure relief system devices, pipe and seal
shall be subjected to water tightness test and pressure charging test of seal, and the conditions,
requirements and results of test shall meet the design requirements.
8.3.7 During the upper concrete placing, reliable measures shall be taken to protect the gates and
embedded parts installed. Any damage to gates and accessories of gates shall be avoided, and the
subsequent construction shall not be affected.

8.4 Installation of miter gates and triangle gates

8.4.1 The installation of bottom pintle assembly of both

miter gates and triangle gates, as is shown in Fig. 8.4.1,
shall conform to the following requirements:
1. The allowable deviation of bottom pintle assembly
axle holes or mushroom head mileage is ±2.0mm, and
the allowable deviation of bottom pintle assembly axle
seat or mushroom head elevation is ±3.0mm. The
relative height difference of two bottom pintle assembly
axle seats or mushroom heads shall not exceed 2.0mm,
and the allowable deviation of center-to-center spacing is
±2.0mm. Fig. 8.4.1 Bottom pintle assembly
2. The horizontal inclination of bottom pintle assembly 1-bottom pintle assembly top; 2-axle
axle seat shall not exceed 1/1000. sleeve; 3-mushroom head; 4-bottom
8.4.2 The gate leaf installation of miter gates and triangle pintle assembly axle seat
gates shall meet the following requirements:
1. The centerline of bottom cross beam shall be taken as reference horizontal line, and the
centerline of leafs shall be taken as reference vertical line. Control and inspection shall be
implemented by hanging plumb lines at end plates of heel post and miter post and other
necessary positions.
2. Leaf installation shall be conducted section by section in such a sequence, lifting one section
in position first, and then welding and inspecting it. Qualified welding procedure shall be
adopted and effective measures shall be taken to prevent and monitor welding deformation.
Welding and inspection shall be conducted and checked according to the relevant provisions in
this code, and the geometric dimensions and its geometric tolerance shall conform to Table 7.6.1.
8.4.3 The top pintle assembly of miter gates and triangle gates is shown in Fig. 8.4.3, and the
installation of it shall conform to the following requirements:
1. The embedded parts of top pintle assembly shall be installed according to the actual elevation
of top pintle assembly base plates on gate leafs, and height difference of the two pull rod ends
shall not be greater than 1.0mm.
2. The intersection of two pull rod centerlines shall coincide with the top pintle assembly center

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 NB/T 35045-2014

and its deviation shall not exceed 2.0mm.

3. The axis of top pintle assembly shall coincide with that of bottom pintle assembly, and the
axiality shall be 2.0mm.
4. The coaxiality and perpendicularity of top pintle assembly axle hole shall comply with the
precision of grade 9 in GB/T 1184 Geometrical tolerancing--Geometrical tolerance for features
without individual tolerance indications (eqv ISO 2768-2), and the surface roughness Ra≤25μm.

Fig.8.4.3 Top pintle assembly

1-pull rod; 2- axle; 3-base plate; 4- gate leaf
8.4.4 As for the installation of support and pillow seats, the line of centers of top and bottom
support seat or pillow seats shall be used to check the center of middle supports and pillow seats,
and the degree of symmetry shall not exceed 2.0mm. Meanwhile, the parallelism to axis of top
and bottom pintle assembly shall not exceed 3.0mm. The perpendicularity of miter gates‟ support
and pillow seats‟ centerline shall not exceed 2.0mm.
8.4.5 Support and pillow blocks are shown in Fig. 8.4.5, and the installation and adjustment shall
conform to the following requirements:
1. The pillow block shall be taken as reference for the installation of support and pillow blocks,
and the degree of symmetry of pillow block is 1.0mm, and the perpendicularity is 1.0mm.
2. The continuous gap between the support and pillow blocks, which are not used for water seals,
shall not exceed 0.2mm, and the partial gap shall not exceed 0.4mm. For the support and pillow
blocks used for water seals, no continuous gap exceeding 0.15mm are allowed, and the partial
gap shall not exceed 0.3mm. The accumulative length of gap shall not exceed 10% of the length
of support and pillow blocks.
3. The centerline symmetrical degree for each pair of support and pillow blocks in contact shall
not exceed 5.0mm for blocks not used for water seals, and not exceeding 3.0mm for blocks used
for water seal.

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Fig. 8.4.5 Support and pillow blocks

1- pillow block; 2- support block; 3- support and pillow seats; 4- fill material
8.4.6 The fill materials placed between support and pillow blocks and support and pillow seats
shall conform to the following requirements:
1. If epoxy materials are adopted, the thickness shall not exceed 20.0mm.
2. If babbitt metal is adopted, the gap between support / pillow blocks and seats is less than
7.0mm, blocks and seats shall be evenly heated to 200℃. Oxygen-acetylene flame is prohibited
for heating.
8.4.7 In the process of leaf turning from fully-opened position to fully-closed position, the
maximum runout amount of any point on miter post shall be no more than: 1.0mm for the width
of leaf no more than12m; 1.5mm for the width of leaf from 12m to 24m; 2.0mm for the width of
leaf more than 24m.
8.4.8 Back pull rod of miter gates shall be adjusted under free suspension condition, and the
adjustment shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Back pull rod shall be adjusted in steps by referring to design prestress value.
2. The front linearity of heel post and miter post and the transverse linearity of gate leafs shall
not exceed the relevant values listed in Table 7.6.1.
3. The displacement of intersection point of bottom cross beam of leafs and lower end of miter
gates is: ±2.0mm in both flow and vertical directions.
8.4.9 Close a single leaf and check if the heel post support and pillow blocks, side seal and side
seal plate as well as bottom seal and bottom seal plate are evenly contacted. Close two leafs and
check if the miter post support blocks or middle seal and middle seal plate are evenly contacted.
8.4.10 The influence of ambient temperature shall be fully considered when miter gates and
triangle gates are tested and adjusted under dry condition. If the influence does exist, the change
of relevant geometric dimensions and alignment shall be properly and timely handled.
8.4.11 The installation quality of pull rod and seal gap of triangle gates shall conform to the
following requirements:
1. When gates are closed, the allowable gap of middle seal shall not exceed 0.10mm, and the
continuous length shall not exceed 20mm; the allowable gap of side seal shall not exceed 2.0mm.
2. The horizontal inclination of pull rods shall not exceed Ld/1000 (Ld is the length of pull rod).
The relative height difference shall not exceed 1.0mm, and the allowable deviation of the
included angle of pull rods shall not exceed 1.0°.
3. The horizontal runout value of the middle point of gate leaf shall be no more than1.5mm for

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the gates with a width less than 12m; no more than 2.0mm for the gates with a width more than
or equal to 12m.

8.5 Gate testing

8.5.1 Gates and hoists shall be connected after the installation of gates is completed and the
no-load test results of hoist are qualified. The following items of gates shall be inspected before
hoist test:
1. Whether all foreign matters on gate leafs and slot have been cleared away; whether the seal
surface has been cleaned up.
2. Whether hooking and unhooking are flexible and reliable.
3. Whether the contact surfaces of the gates with seal between sections meet the design
requirements.
4. The connection of suspension rods.
5. Whether the installation quality and state of pressure-actuated seals and eccentric-hinge
compressed seals coincide with the state of gates.
8.5.2 The full-stroke opening-and-closing test of gates shall be carried out under dry and
balanced head water conditions after the results of inspection are qualified. Rubber seals shall be
watered for lubrication when gates are opened or closed. The following items shall be checked in
the process of gate opening or closing:
1. The running state of rotating parts like wheel, trunnion and top and bottom pintle assembly.
2. Whether there is obstruction in the process of gate lifting, lowering or rotating.
3. The synchronization deviation at the two sides of hoisting equipment.
4. Whether there is any damage to rubber seals.
5. Whether the current and voltage are normal.
6. Whether the oil pressure is normal.
7. Whether the accessories such as height indicator are working well.
8. The connection of hanger rods.
9. Whether the lifting and lowering of filling valve within the specified range is manipulable;
whether the seal is tight at the lowest point.
10. Whether the gap between pressure-actuated seal or eccentric-hinge compressed seal or its
clamp plate and the skin plate of radial gates meet design requirements.
8.5.3 When gates pass the dry test, the test of service gate operating in flow shall be conducted.
The closing test of emergency gates in flow shall be carried out if conditions permit. As for the
quickly-acting emergency gate at the intake, the closing test in flow for generating unit
protection shall be conducted in accordance with the load rejection test of generating unit. The
time of closing in flow shall conform to the design requirements.
8.5.4 When the whole gate is in working position, light or other methods shall be adopted for
inspecting the compression degree of rubber seals, and no gaps or lucency are allowed; the
tightness of filling valve shall be inspected to make sure whether it meets the design
requirements. If the gate adopts upstream sealing, the inspection shall be implemented after the
supporting device contacts with track; if a pressure-actuated seal is used, pressure filling and
relief test shall be conducted to determine whether the working state of the seal meets design
requirements; if an eccentric-hinge compressed seal is adopted, the eccentric mechanism shall be
operated to verify if the working state of the seal meets the design requirements.

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8.5.5 When gates are subject to the design head pressure the leakage within any per meter of seal
shall not exceed 0.1L/s.

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9. Manufacture and installation of trash racks

9.1 Manufacture of trash racks

9.1.1 For the manufacture of trash racks, the allowable deviation of embedded parts shall
conform to Table 9.1.1.
Table 9.1.1 Allowable deviation of trash rack embedded parts manufacture (mm)
No. Item Allowable deviation
1 Test status No mandatory constraint
1/1000 of component length, and
2 Linearity of working face
not greater than 6.0
1/750 of component length, and
3 Linearity of side
not greater than 8.0
4 Partial planeness of working face 2.0 per meter
5 Twist 3.0
Not greater than 0.5, gentle
6 Machined face
Dislocation of joint in transition
assembly Not greater than 2.0, gentle
7 Un-machined face
transition
9.1.2 The allowable manufacture deviation of individual components of trash racks shall
conform to Table 7.1.7.
9.1.3 The allowable manufacture deviation of trash rack body shall conform to the following
requirements:
1. The allowable deviation of width and height are ±8.0mm.
2. The allowable deviation of the thickness is ±4.0mm.
3. The relative difference of diagonal line shall not exceed 6.0mm; the twist shall not exceed
4.0mm.
4. All rack bars shall be parallel to each other, and the allowable deviation of spacing shall be ±5%
of the design spacing.
5. The allowable deviation of the distance between centerlines of two lifting eyes of trash rack
body is ±4.0mm. When trash racks and bulkhead gates share the same hoisting equipment, the
requirements of Table 7.4.11 shall be satisfied.
6. Slide track supports or rollers shall be set in the same working face, and the planeness of
working face shall not exceed 4.0mm.
7. The allowable deviation of the span of slide track supports or rollers is ±6.0mm, and the
allowable deviation of the distance between the centerlines of slide track supports or rollers on
the same side is ±3.0mm.
8. The bearing plates at the lower end of two side beams shall be within the same plane, and the
planeness shall not exceed 3.0mm.
9. The height difference of corresponding sides of single rack shall not be more than 4.0mm.

9.2 Installation of trash racks

9.2.1 The allowable deviation of the embedded parts of movable trash racks shall conform to
Table 9.2.1. For the embedded parts of trash racks set in an inclined way, the allowable deviation

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of inclination angle is ±10‟.

9.2.2 For the installation of the embedded parts of fixed trash racks, the working faces of all
cross beams shall be within the same plane. The difference between the highest point and lowest
point of working face shall not be greater than 3.0mm.

Table 9.2.1 Allowable installation deviation of embedded parts

of movable trash racks (mm)

Bottom sill Main track Converse guide

No. Item
Allowable deviation
1 Mileage ±5.0 - -
2 Elevation ±5.0 - -
Height difference between
3 3.0 - -
both ends of working face
+3.0 +5.0
4 To the centerline of rack slot -
-2.0 -2.0
5 To the centerline of opening ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0
9.2.3 Lifting and lowering test shall be conducted after trash racks are lifted into the rack slot so
as to inspect whether there is any obstruction. Meanwhile, the movement of trash racks and the
connection of different sections shall be inspected as well.
9.2.4 For trash racks provided with screen cleaner for cleaning, the trash rack structures and
embedded parts in rack slot shall conform to the operation requirements of screen cleaner.

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10. Acceptance
10.1 General requirements

10.1.1 The manufacture and installation acceptance of gates and embedded parts is a part of
project acceptance, so it shall be subject to the needs of project acceptance, and shall meet the
requirements of project acceptance.
10.1.2 Acceptance shall be presided by project owner or the supervising company authorized by
project owner. The time, place and participants of each phase of acceptance shall conform to the
relevant provisions of contract.
10.1.3 The acceptance work shall mainly include the following items:
1. Inspecting whether the manufacture and installation of gates and embedded parts comply with
the design requirements.
2. Inspecting whether the quality of manufacture and installation of gates and embedded parts
meets the requirement of this code and relevant technical standards.
3. Putting forward treatment opinions on the problems left over.
10.1.4 The procedure of acceptance is as follows:
1. Reviewing the acceptance outline.
2. Debriefing the quality control report on the manufacture and installation of gates and
embedded parts; looking up quality inspection record, literal written data and audio-visual
information.
3. Inspecting, testing and accepting the physical size precision and technical indexes of
acceptance items on site.
4. Holding a meeting attended by acceptance components for coordinating and handling related
issues, discussing and forming the acceptance documents.
10.1.5 Before acceptance, the contractor shall submit the acceptance application and the
acceptance outline, and the supervising company shall provide a report of supervision.
10.1.6 The meeting minutes shall be formed by all parties of acceptance after the acceptance is
completed.

10.2 Acceptance of manufacture

10.2.1 Ex-factory acceptance shall be carried out before the gates are delivered from factory.
10.2.2 The ex-factory acceptance of gates shall meet the following requirements:
1. The acceptance of gates shall be conducted before the procedure of anticorrosive coating, and
the acceptance of anticorrosion shall be implemented after the anti-corrosive construction is
accomplished.
2. The gates and the embedded parts shall be preassembled individually, and they shall be kept in
unrestraint state so that the main items can be tested conveniently.
3. After welding and heat treatments (if any) are basically finished, there exist no subsequent
manufacturing procedures causing the change of geometric dimension or precision.
10.2.3 The acceptance of gates and embedded parts primarily include the following items:
1. Acceptance of main steels, welding materials and protective materials.
2. Acceptance of steel castings, steel forgings and outsource parts.
3. Acceptance of major welded components of gates and embedded parts.
4. Assembly testing and acceptance of gates and embedded parts.

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5. Quality inspection of surface protection for gates and embedded parts.

6. Acceptance of packaging, transport and delivery.
10.2.4 The manufacturer shall provide the following materials for acceptance:
1. Design drawings, construction drawings, design documents, supervision documents and
relevant meeting minutes and communication sheets.
2. Welding procedure qualification records and manufacturing procedure documents.
3. Quality certificates and factory inspection data of main materials (steels, welding materials
and anticorrosive materials), standard components, purchased and outsourced parts.
4. Evidentiary materials such as the application or approval of material change or replacement.
5. Copy of valid qualification certificates of welders and testing personnels.
6. Quality inspection reports of weld.
7. Records and reports of welding heat treatment (if any).
8. Records and reports of major imperfection treatment.
9. Treatment suggestions for major technical issue.
10. Records and reports of final production quality inspection.

10.3 Acceptance of installation

10.3.1 The installation acceptance of gates and embedded parts shall be carried out before the
installation is completed and the gates and the embedded parts are handed over.
10.3.2 The installation acceptance of gates and embedded parts includes: quality inspection and
assessment for separated item works, divisional works and unit works.
10.3.3 In light of construction requirements, the installation of gates and embedded parts shall
satisfy the requirements of the following phase acceptance: before river closure, reservoir filling
and diversion, navigation, generating unit start-up and project completion.
10.3.4 Installation contractor shall provide the following materials for acceptance:
1. Design drawings, construction drawings, design documents, supervision documents and
relevant meeting minutes and communication sheets.
2. Welding procedure qualification records and manufacturing technique documents.
3. Quality certificates and factory check data of welding material.
4. Copy of valid qualification certificates of welders and testing personnels.
5. Quality inspection reports of welding quality.
6. Quality test reports of surface protection.
7. Records and reports of major imperfection treatment.
8. Quality inspection records of the installed gates and embedded parts and retest records of
concrete placed.
9. Test reports including the follows: balance test, water filling test and operation test under
balanced head.
10. Track operation reports and documents.

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Appendix A Chemical Compositions and Mechanical Properties of Common

Steels
A.1 Carbon Structural Steel and Low Alloy Structural Steel

A.1.1 The chemical composition (melting analysis) and mechanical property of carbon
structuralsteel and low alloy structural steel shall comply with Table A.1.1-1~A.1.1-9.

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Table A.1.1-1 Chemical composition of carbon structural steel (from GB/T 700-2006)
Thickness Deoxidation Chemical composition (mass fraction) %, not greater than
Trade mark Unified codea Grade
(diameter)mm method C Si Mn P S
Q195 U11952 - - F,Z 0.12 0.30 0.50 0.035 0.040
U12152 A 0.050
Q215 - F,Z 0.15 0.35 1.20 0.045
U12155 B 0.045
U12352 A 0.22 0.050
F,Z b
0.045
U12355 B 0.20 0.045
Q235 - 0.35 1.40
U12358 C Z 0.040 0.040
0.17
U12359 D TZ 0.035 0.035
U12752 A - F,Z 0.24 0.045 0.050
≤40 0.21
U12755 B Z 0.045 0.045
Q275 ＞40 0.22 0.35 1.50
U12758 C Z 0.040 0.040
- 0.20
U12759 D TZ 0.035 0.035
Notes:
a. The unified code in the table is for the trade mark of sedation steel and special killed steel, and the unified code for the trade mark of rimmed steel is as follows: Q195F-U11950;
Q215AF-U12150, Q215BF-U12153; Q235AF-U12350, Q235BF-U12353; Q275AF-U12750.
b. The carbon content of Q235B may be not greater than 0.22% if permitted by the buyer.

Table A.1.1-2 Tensile and impact property of carbon structural steel (from GB/T 700-2006)
Yield strength aReL (N/mm2), not less than Tensile Elongation after fracture A (%), not less than Impact test (V-notch)
Trade Thickness (or diameter) (mm) strength Thickness (or diameter) (mm) impact
grade b
mark ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ Rm ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ Temperature absorbing
≤16 2
≤40
16~40 40~60 60~100 100~150 150~200 (N/mm ) 40~60 60~100 100~150 150~200 energy

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(longitudinal)
J, not less than
Q195 - 195 185 - - - - 315~430 33 - - - - - -
A - -
Q215 215 205 195 185 175 165 335~450 31 30 29 27 26
B 20 27
A - -
B 20
Q235 235 225 215 215 195 185 370~500 26 25 24 22 21
C 0 27c
D -20
A - -
B 20
Q275 275 265 255 245 225 215 410~540 22 21 20 18 17
C 0 27
D -20
Notes:
a. The yield strength of Q195 is only for reference rather than as delivery term.
b. For the steel with a thickness greater than 100mm, the lower limit of tensile strength is allowed to be decreased by 20N/mm2. The upper limit of the strength of wide flat steel (including
shear steel plate) shall not be taken delivery term.
c. For Q235B steel with a thickness less than 25mm, inspection is not necessary if the supplier can ensure that the impact absorbing energy is qualified if it is agreed by the buyer.

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Table A.1.1-3 Bending property of carbon structural steel (from GB/T 700-2006)
Cold bend test
Thickness of steel (diameter)b (mm)
Trade mark Specimen direction
≤60 ＞60~100
Bend diameter d
Longitudinal 0
Q195 -
Transverse 0.5a
Longitudinal 0.5a 1.5 a
Q215
Transverse a 2a
Longitudinal a 2a
Q235
Transverse 1.5a 2.5 a
Longitudinal 1.5a 2.5 a
Q275
Transverse 2a 3a
Notes:
a. B stands for the width of test specimen, and a represents the thickness of test specimen (or diameter).
b. The bend test shall be determined by two parties if the thickness (or the diameter) of steel is over 100mm.

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Table A.1.1-4 Chemical composition of low alloy high strength structural steel (from GB/T 1591-2008)
Chemical compositiona,b (%)
Trade Quality
P S Nb V Ti Cr Ni Cu N Mo B Als
mark grade C Si Mn

A 0.035 0.035
-
B ≤0.20 0.035 0.035
Q345 C ≤0.50 ≤1.70 0.030 0.030 0.07 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.012 0.10 -
D 0.030 0.025 0.015
≤0.16
E 0.025 0.020
A 0.035 0.035
-
B 0.035 0.035
Q390 C ≤0.20 ≤0.50 ≤1.70 0.030 0.030 0.07 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.015 0.10 -
D 0.030 0.025 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
A 0.035 0.035
-
B 0.035 0.035
Q420 C ≤0.20 ≤0.50 ≤1.70 0.030 0.030 0.07 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.015 0.20 -
D 0.030 0.025 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
C 0.030 0.030
Q460 D ≤0.20 ≤0.60 ≤1.80 0.030 0.025 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.80 0.55 0.015 0.20 0.004 0.015
E 0.025 0.020
Notes:
a. For shaped and bar steel, the S and P content may be increased by 0.005%, and the upper limit of grade A steel may be 0.045%.
b. If refined grain elements are added, 20(Nb+V+Ti) ≤0.22%, 20(Mo+Cr) ≤0.30%.

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Table A.1.1.-5 Tensile property of low alloy high strength structural steel (from GB/T 1591-2008)
Tensile testa,b,c

Yield strength Rc1(MPa) corresponding to the following nominal Tensile strength Rs (MPa) corresponding to the following nominal Elongation A (%) after fracture corresponding to the
Trade Quality thickness (or diameter, side length) (mm) thickness (or diameter, side length) (mm) following nominal thickness (or diameter, side length) (mm)
mark grade ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞
＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞
≤16 16~ 40~ 63~ 80~ 100~ 150~ 200~ 250~ ≤40 40~ 63~ ≤40
80~100 100~150 150~250 250~400 40~63 63~100 100~150 150~250 250~400
40 63 80 100 150 200 250 400 63 80
A ≥
- - ≥19 ≥19 ≥18 ≥17 -
B 470 470 470 450 450 20
≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 470~
Q345 C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 450
345 335 325 315 305 285 275 265 ≥ 630 ≥
D 630 630 630 600 600 ~ ≥20 ≥20 ≥19 ≥18 ≥17
265 21
E 600

B 490 490 490 470

≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 490~ ≥
Q390 C - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ≥19 ≥19 ≥18 - -
390 370 350 330 330 310 650 20
D 650 650 650 620

A
B 520 520 520 500
≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 520~ ≥
Q420 C - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ≥18 ≥18 ≥18 - -
420 400 380 360 360 340 680 19
D 680 680 680 650

E
C ≥ 550 550 550 530
≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 550~ ≥
Q460 D 420 - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ≥16 ≥16 ≥16 - -
460 440 400 400 380 720 17
E 720 720 720 700

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Notes:
a. The yield strength may be replaced by Rp0.2 if the yield critical point is not obvious.
b. For the flat steel product with a width no less than 600mm, transverse specimen shall be taken for tensile test; for the flat steel product, shaped and bar steel with a width less than 600mm,
longitudinal test specimen shall be taken, and the minimum elongation after fracture shall be increased by 1% (absolute value).
c. The values corresponding to the thickness of 250mm to 400mm in the table are suitable for flat steel.

Table A.1.1-6 Impact property of high strength low alloy structural steel (from GB/T 1591-2008)
Test impact absorbing energy (AKV2)a(J)
Trade mark Quality grade Temperature Nominal thickness (diameter, side length) (mm)
(℃) 12~150 150~250 250~400
B 20
-
C 0
Q345 ≥34 ≥27
D -20
≥27
E -40
B 20
C 0
Q390 ≥34 - -
D -20
E -40
B 20
C 0
Q420 ≥34 - -
D -20
E -40
C 0
Q460 D -20 ≥34 - -
E -40
Note:

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a. Longitudinal specimen shall be taken for impact test.

Table A.1.1-7 Bending property of high strength low alloy structural steel(from GB/T 1591-2008)
180°bending test
Trade Thickness of steel (or diameter,
Specimen direction
mark side length) (mm)
≤16 16~100
Q345
Q390 For the flat steel product with a width no less than 600mm, transverse specimen shall be taken for tensile test; for the flat steel product, shaped
2a 3a
Q420 and bar steel with a width less than 600mm, longitudinal test specimen shall be taken.
Q460

Table A.1.1-8 Chemical composition of steel plate used for boiler and pressure vessels(from GB 713 -2008)
Trade mark Chemical composition (mass fraction) (%)
C Si Mn P S Nb Alt
a b
Q245R ≤0.20 ≤0.35 0.50~1.00 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 - ≥0.020
a
Q345R ≤0.20 ≤0.55 1.20~1.60 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 - ≥0.020
Q370R ≤0.18 ≤0.55 1.20~1.60 ≤0.025 ≤0.015 0.015~0.050 -
Notes:
a. If microelements like Nb, Ti or V are added to steel, the lower limit of Alt content is not applicable.
b. For the steel plate with a thickness greater than 60mm, the upper limit of Mn content may be up to 1.20%.

Table A.1.1-9 Mechanical property and processing property of steel plate used for boiler and pressure vessels (from GB 713-2008)
Tensile test Impact test Bending test
Plate thickness Tensile V-shaped
Trade mark Delivery state Yield strengtha Elongation Temperature 180°,
(mm) Strength 2
impact
ReL(N/mm ) A(%) (℃) b=2a
Rm(N/mm2) energy AKV

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(J)
Not less than Not less than
3~16 245
16~36 400~520 235 25 d=1.5a
Q245R 36~60 225 0 31
60~100 390~510 205
24 d=2a
Hot rolling, 100~150 380~500 185
Control rolling or 3~16 510~640 345 d=2a
normalizing 16~36 500~630 325 21
36~60 490~620 315
Q345R 0 34
60~100 490~620 305 d=3a
100~150 480~610 285 20
150~200 470~600 265
10~16 530~630 370 d=2a
Q370R Normalizing 16~36 360 20 -20 34
d=3a
36~60 520~620 340
Note:
a. The yield strength may be taken as Rp0.2 if the yield critical point is not obvious.

A.2 Stainless steel and stainless steel clad plate

The chemical composition and mechanical property of stainless steel and stainless steel clad plate shall conform to Table A.2.1-1~A.2.1-7.

Table A.2.1-1 Chemical composition of stainless steel (from GB/T 4237-2007)

Chemical compositiona (mass fraction) (%)
New trade mark Old trade mark
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu N Else

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8.00~
06Cr19Ni10a 0Cr18Ni9 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.00~20.00 - - 0.10 -
10.10
8.00~
12Cr18Ni9 1Cr18Ni9 0.15 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00~19.00 - - 0.10 -
10.00
9.00~
06Cr18Ni11Tib 0Cr18Ni10Ti 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.00~19.00 - - 0.10 Ti≥5C
12.00
4.50~
022Cr22Ni5Mo3N 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.030 0.020 21.00~23.00 2.50~3.50 - 0.08~0.20 -
6.50
0.50~ 3.50~
04Cr13Ni5Mo 0.05 0.60 0.030 0.030 11.50~14.00 0.50~1.00 - - -
1.00 5.50
Notes:
a. The values listed in the table above are the maximum ones, except for those indicated with a range or minimum.
b. The trade mark of chemical composition is adjusted based on GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels-Designation and chemical composition.

Table A.2.1-2 Mechanical property of martensitic stainless steel subjected to annealing treatment (from GB/T 4237-2007)
Specified non-proportional Cold bend for Hardness value
Tensile strength Elongation after
extension strength Rp0.2 180°
Old trade Rm (MPa) fracture A (%) HBW HRC HV
New trade mark (MPa) d: bend diameter;
mark
a:steel plate
Not less than Not greater than
thickness
04Cr13Ni5Mo 620 795 15 - 302 32 -
Note:
The mechanical properties listed in the table are all values after quenching and tempering.

Table A.2.1-3 Mechanical property of austenitic stainless steel and austenite-ferrite stainless steel subjected to solution treatment (from GB/T 4237-2007)
New trade mark Old Specified non-proportional Tensile strength Percentage Hardness value

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trade mark tensile strength Rm (MPa) elongation after

HBW HRB HRC HV
fracture A (%)
Not less than Not greater than
06Cr19Ni10 0Cr18Ni9 205 515 40 201 92 210
12Cr18Ni9 1Cr18Ni9 205 515 40 201 92 210
06Cr18Ni11Ti 0Cr18Ni10Ti 205 515 40 217 95 220
022Cr22Ni5Mo3N 450 620 25 293 31

Table A.2.1.-4 Clad and base steel materials of stainless steel clad plate (from GB/T 8165-2008)
Clad material Base material
Standard number GB/T 3280, GB/T 4237 Standard number GB/T 3274, GB/T 1591, GB 713
06Cr19Ni10
12Cr18Ni9 Q235-B,C
Typical designation 06Cr18Ni11Ti Typical designation Q345-B,C
022Cr22Ni5Mo3N Q235R,Q345R
04Cr13Ni5Mo

Table A.2.1-5 Area binding rate of stainless steel clad plate (from GB/T 8165-2008)

Interface binding grade Type Bindingrate (%) Unbind state

BⅠ
Regardless of the individual unbind zone with a length no more than 50mm and an area no
Grade Ⅰ BRⅠ 100
more than 900mm2
RⅠ
BⅡ
For individual unbind zone, the length shall not be more than 50mm, and the area shall not
Grade Ⅱ BRⅡ ≥99%
exceed 2000mm2
RⅡ
Grade Ⅲ BⅢ ≥95% For individual unbind zone, the length shall not be more than 75mm, and the area shall not

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BRⅢ exceed 4500mm2

RⅢ
Notes:
1 It is allowed to repair the clad layer with unbinding defect by fusion welding if the binding rate of stainless steel clad plate fails to conform to A.2.1-5, and the fusion welding repair shall
meet the following requirements:
1) The base layer shall be dug down by 0.2mm~0.5mm after the defect parts in clad layer are removed.
2) The repair welding shall be carried out by welders possessing corresponding qualification with qualified welding procedure, and the repair welding records shall be made and submitted to
the buyers.
3) Dye check of repair welding shall be conducted after it passes ultrasonic examination, and the surface of repair welding shall be free of crack and pore. The surface shall be smoothly
polished, and the minimum thickness of plate shall be ensured.
2 In light of the ratio of unbind area to the total area, the size of individual unbind area and the number of that, clad steel plates are divided into three grades, namely gradeⅠ, gradeⅡ and
grade Ⅲ. GradeⅠis suitable for the component on which no unbind zones are allowed and the processing is strictly controlled; gradeⅡ applies to the component with a few permitted unbind
zones; grade III is suitable for components with clad material only used for corrosion-resistant layer.
3 B represents explosion method, R stands for rolling method and BR refers to explosive rolling method.

Table A.2.1.-6 Cold bending property of stainless steel clad plate (from GB/T 8165-2008)
Total nominal thickness Specimen width B Bend core diameter Test result
Angle of bending
a (mm) (mm) Incurvature Excurvature Incurvature Excurvature
a＜20mm,d=3a a＜20mm, d=2a
≤25 b=2a 180°
a≥20mm,d=3a a≥20mm, d=3a
Base steel machined to Base steel thickness machined
No macroscopic cracks are allowed on the
25mm thickness, and to 25mm, and bending core
outer side of bending
＞25 b=2a 180° bending core diameter diameter shall be in
according to the standard of accordance with the standard
base steel plate of base steel plate

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TableA.2.1-7 Common mechanical properties of stainless steel clad plate (from GB/T 8165-2008)
Shearing strength of Tensile strength Rm Elongation Impact energy
Grade Upper yield strengtha ReH (MPa)
interface τ (MPa) (MPa) A (%) AKV2 (J)
Grade Ⅰ Not less than the lower limit of steel Not less than the nominal
≥210 Not less than the nominal value of Complying with the
Grade Ⅱ plate thickness corresponding to base value of steel plate thickness
steel plate thickness requirements for base steel
≥200 steel plate, and not greater than the corresponding to base steel
Grade Ⅲ corresponding to base steel plate plate thicknesse
upper limit 35MPac plated
Notes:
a. Rp0.2 shall be adopted if yield critical point is unobvious.
b. The lower limit value of yield strength of both clad steel plate and steel strip may also be calculated according to the following equation:
𝑡1 𝑅𝑝1 + 𝑡2 𝑅𝑝2
𝑅𝑝 =
𝑡1 + 𝑡2
Where:
Rp1 - lower limit of yield point of clad steel plate, MPa;
Rp2 -lower limit of yield point of base steel plate, MPa;
t1 - thickness of clad steel plate (mm);
t2 - thickness of base steel plate (mm);
c. The lower limit value of tensile strength of both clad steel plate and steel strip may also be calculated according to the following equation:
𝑡1 𝑅𝑚1 + 𝑡2 𝑅𝑚2
𝑅𝑚 =
𝑡1 + 𝑡2
Where:
Rm1-lower limit of tensile strength of clad steel plate, MPa;
Rm2- lower limit of tensile strength of base steel plate, MPa;
t1 - thickness of clad steel plate (mm);
t2 - thickness of base steel plate (mm).
d. If the nominal elongation of clad layer is less than that of base layer, and the elongation of clad steel plate is less than that of base layer but not less than the nominal elongation of clad layer,

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it is allowed to clear off the clad layer and make tension test only on base layer, and its elongation shall not be less than the nominal elongation of base layer.
e. The clad layer of clad steel plate does not need an impact testing.

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A.3 Surface quality of steel plate

A.3.1 he surface quality of carbon structural steel and low alloy structural steel hot rolled steel
plate with a thickness from 3mm to 400mm shall meet the following requirements:
1. The surface of steel plate shall be free of the imperfection, such as scab, crack, fold, inclusion,
air bubble and pressed-in oxide scale. The steel plate shall not be laminated.
2. Straticulate oxide scale, rust and slight dent that will not hamper surface flaw inspection are
allowed, and indistinctive roughness due to the pressed-in of oxide scale, scratch, dent caused by
roller and other local imperfections are also allowed. Nevertheless, the convex-concave degree
shall not exceed half of the allowance of steel plate thickness, and shall not exceed the allowed
minimum thickness.
3. Imperfections on the surface of steel plate shall not be repaired by welding or filling. Instead,
they shall be removed by chiseling or grinding. The positions cleaned up shall be smooth and
free of corner angle, and the cleaning depth shall not exceed the range of the minus deviation of
steel plate thickness, and shall not exceed the allowable minimum thickness of steel plate.
4. For steel plate with cut edge, zigzag concave-convex is not allowed on the edge. However,
individual hairlines with a depth no more than 2mm and a length no more than 25mm are
allowed. For steel plates without cut edge, the transverse depth of imperfection such as edge rip
brought about by rolling or other imperfections shall not exceed half of the width deviation of
steel plate, meanwhile, the local width of steel plate shall not be less than the nominal width.
5. Other requirements related to the surface quality of steel plate shall conform to GB/T 14977
General requirement for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates.
A.3.2 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of steel plate shall conform to GB/T 709
Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Tolerances for Hot-rolled Steel Plates and Sheets.

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Appendix B Welding Procedure Qualification (WPQ) of Stainless Clad Steel

B.1 General provisions

B.1.1 This appendix applies to steel gate made of stainless steel clad plate produced by methods
of rolling, explosive welding rolling and explosion and bead weld.
B.1.2 Welding procedure qualification of stainless steel clad plates shall follow not only this
appendix but also the requirements in 4.1.
B.1.3 There are two cases for the welding procedure qualification of stainless steel clad plate: the
thickness of clad layer is taken into account for the calculation of design strength of clad steel
plate; the thickness of clad layer is not taken into account for the calculation of design strength of
clad steel plate.

B.2 WPQ for calculation of design strength of clad steel plate considering the thickness of
clad layer

B.2.1 Test pieces shall be made of stainless steel clad plate (including base layer and clad layer).
B.2.2 The qualified welding procedure applies to the effective thickness range of weldment
(including base material and weld metal), which shall be calculated according to the thickness of
base layer and clad layer respectively.
B.2.3 The qualified welding procedure applies to the minimum value of effective thickness range
of clad weld metal, which shall be the thickness of clad weld metal of test piece.
B.2.4 During the tension and bending test on specimen, all parts of welded joint of the stainless
steel clad plate (including base layer, transitional weld and clad layer) shall be inspected. As for
impact test, only welded joint for base layer shall be inspected.
1. Specimen for tension test shall include full thickness of both clad layer and base layer.
2. If the major WPQ factors of transitional layer weld and clad layer weld are different, 4
side-bend specimens shall be taken; on the contrary, side-bend specimens shall be taken as far as
possible, or 2 root-bend and face-bend specimens may also be adopted. The base weld metal will
be in tension for root-bend test.
Test condition and parameter of bending test are shown in Table B.2.4.
3. Impact test shall be conducted only for base layer weld zone and heat affected zone.
Table B.2.4 Test condition and parameter of bending test
Bending specimen Thickness S Bend diameter Seat face distance
Bending angle
type (mm) (mm) (mm)
Side-bend specimen 10 40 63
Face-bend, 180°
5 4S 6S+3
root-bend specimen
B.2.5 Qualification indexes for mechanical property test
1. Tension test: the tensile strength of each test specimen, Rm, shall meet the following equation:

𝑡1 𝑅𝑚1 + 𝑡2 𝑅𝑚2
Rm ≥
𝑡1 + 𝑡2
Where:
Rm1- the lower limit value of the tensile strength of clad steel (MPa);
Rm2- the lower limit value of the tensile strength of base steel (MPa);
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t1-the thickness of clad steel;

t2-the thickness of base steel.
2. Bending test: after the test specimen is bended to specified angle, no open defects with a
length greater than 3mm in any direction are allowed in the welding zone and heat affected zone
of tension surface. The open defect of test specimen‟s edge is generally disregarded, while the
open defect length of edge caused by non-fusion, slag inclusion or other internal defects shall not
be ignored. For stainless clad steel produced by the method of rolling, explosive welding rolling
or explosion, resampling is allowed to be carried out for testing if there are lamination & crack
caused by the unbind of compound interface of side-bend test specimen.
3. Impact test: Test temperature shall not be higher than the impact test temperature specified in
the standards of steels, and the average value of normal temperature absorbing energy for 3 test
specimens in one group in each zone shall comply with drawing or requirements of relevant
technical document. Meanwhile, it shall not be less than 27J. The impact absorbing energy of no
more than 1 test specimen is allowed to be lower than the specified value, but it shall not be
lower than 70% of the specified value.
For small impact test specimen with a width of 7.5mm or 5mm, the corresponding impact energy
indexes are respectively 75% and 50% of that of standard specimen.

B.3 WPQ with thickness of cladding layer involved in calculation of design strength of clad
steel plate

B.3.1 WPQ in the case that thickness of cladding layer is not involved in the calculation of
design strength of clad steel plate can be carried out according to Appendix B.2, and it can also
be implemented in accordance with the following requirements:
1. The WPQ of base steel is conducted according to this code, and preparation of test piece is not
required for clad steel plate.
2. If the parentmetal of base steel is welded to connect the welding line of cladding steel, the
procedure qualification of overlaying welding shall be conducted in accordance with NB/T
47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment.

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Appendix C Preparation, size, testing methods and acceptance criteria of

mechanical property test plates for welding procedure qualification
C.1 Preparation of Butt Joint Test Piece

C.1.1 The size of platelike butt joint test piece shall meet the requirements of test specimen
needed to be cut off, and the cutting position is shown in Fig. C.1.1.

Center space of two adjacent indentations at thin

line:1.0mm
Center space of two adjacent indentations at thick
line:0.5mm

Fig. C.1.1 Cutting position of test specimen Fig. C.1.5 Position for hardness test
C.1.2 Visual inspection and non-destructive testing shall be carried out after welding, and
mechanical property test shall be implemented after the test piece passes the inspection
mentioned above.
C.1.3 Visual inspection shall meet the relevant provisions of Table 4.5.2.
C.1.4 The radiographic inspection of test piece shall follow the requirements of GB/T 3323
Radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials. The quality of
radiograph shall not be lower than Grade B, and the quality of welding line shall not be lower
than GradeⅡ. The ultrasonic inspection of test piece shall comply with the specification of GB/T
11345 Non-destructive testing of welds—Ultrasonic testing—Techniques, testing levels, and
assessment. The inspection level is B, and welding quality level shall not be lower than
acceptance level 2 specified in GB/T 29712 Non-destructive testing of welds—Ultrasonic
testing—Acceptance levels.
C.1.5 The positions for hardness test are shown in Fig. C.1.5.

C.2 Shape and Size of Butt Joint Mechanical Property Specimen

C.2.1 Tension test specimen

1. The compact plate joint test specimen (with a shoulder structure) can be adopted for the test
specimen of butt joint as shown in Fig. C.2.1.

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Fig.C.2.1 Compact scapulet plate joint test specimen

S- specimen thickness(mm);W- paralleled side width of specimen in tension(≥25mm)
hk-maximum width of welding line (mm);h-held part length determined by testing machine
(mm)
2. Surplus height of weld of specimen shall be removed by mechanical means to make the
surface of weld flush with parentmetal.
3. Specimen thickness shall be equal to or close to that of parentmetal (δ); for test piece with a
thickness less than or equal to 30mm, through-thickness specimen shall be adopted for testing.
C.2.2 Bending test specimen:
1. The size and surface roughness of face-bend and root-bend specimens shall comply with the
requirements of Fig.C.2.2-1. S is equal to 10mm if δ is bigger than 10mm, and redundant
thickness of test specimen‟s compression face shall be removed; δ shall be close to S as far as
possible. Specimen width is B=38mm.
2. The size and surface roughness of transverse side bend specimen shall comply with the
requirements of Fig.C.2.2-2 and specimen thickness S is 10mm. B, specimen thickness, shall be
equal or close to δ if test piece thickness δ is from 10mm to 38mm; if δ＞38m, one or several
slices of test specimens, with a width of 20mm~38mm, are allowed to be cut in the thickness
direction of test piece to replace the full thickness side bend specimen.

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Fig. C.2.2.-1 Longitudinal and transverse face-bend & side-bend specimens

(a)transverse face bend testing of plate;(b) transverse root bend testing of plate;
(c) longitudinal face-bend &root-bend testing of plate

Fig. C.2.2-2 Transverse side-bend specimen of plate

3. The length of longitudinal and transverse face-bend & root-bend specimens is:
l=D+2.5S+100mm (where D stands for bend diameter in mm); the length of transverse side-bend
specimen: l=D+2.5S+100mm, and the minimum value is 150mm.
4. The corner angle of specimen tension faceR≤3.
C.2.3 Impact test specimen
1. The 10mm×10mm×55mm specimen with a V-type notch is taken as the standard specimen,

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and the size and deviation of specimen shall meet the requirements of Fig. C.2.3-1. The bottom
of specimen notch shall be smooth and free of distinctive scratches parallel to notch axis. If the
test piece size does not satisfy the requirement of standard specimen preparation, small specimen
with a width of 7.5mm & 5.0mm shall be prepared successively.

Fig. C.2.3-1 Impact specimen with a V-shaped notch

2. Specimen shall be prepared by machining or grinding, and strain hardening & material
overheating of the machined surface shall be avoided.
3. According to test requirements, specimen notch shall be located in weld zone and heat
affected zone. The axis of specimen notch shall be perpendicular to the surface of welding line,
and the sampling points are shown in Fig. C.2.3-2.
4. The specimen shall not be used for testing if defects like macroscopic air hole or slag
inclusion are found at the specimen notch.

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Fig. C.2.3-2 Location to cut off specimens

(a) Impact test specimen location in heat affected zone;
(b) Impact test specimen location in weld zone
Notes:
1. δ1=1mm~2mm if δ≤60mm; δ2=δ/4 if δ＞60mm.
2. δ2 shall be measured from the post-welded steel surface for welding by both sides.

C.3 Method and qualification standard of mechanical property test

C.3.1 Tension test

1. Tension test shall be conducted according to the requirements of GB/T 228.1 Metallic
materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature.
2. The tensile strength of each specimen shall not be lower than the lower limit of the steel
designation specified value of parentmetal if the parentmetal of specimens is of the same steel
designation.
3. If the parentmetal of test specimen is of different steel designations, the tensile strength of
each specimen shall not be lower than the lower value of the lower limits of the two steel
designation specified values.
4. If the weld metal with a tensile strength at room temperature lower than that of parentmetal is
adopted (if specified), the tensile strength of each test specimen shall not be lower than the
minimum value of specified tensile strength of weld metal.
5. If the specimen mentioned above breaks off on the parentmetal beyond the fusion line, and its
tensile strength is not lower than 95% of the lower limit of the specified value corresponding to
the steel designation of parentmetal, thus it can be deemed that the test requirements are
satisfied.
C.3.2 Bending test
1. Bending test shall be carried out according to the requirements of GB/T 232 Metallic
materials-Bend test (eqv ISO 7438).
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2. The weld center of specimen shall be aligned to the axis of bending center. For side bending
test, the side with a relatively serious imperfection shall be used as tension surface if
imperfections appear on the surface of specimen.
3. The specimen used for bending test shall be bended according to the specified angle in Table
C.3.2, and no defects or individual cracks with a length greater than 3mm in any direction are
allowed. Edge angle crack is generally ignored, but the length of the edge angle crack caused by
slag inclusion or other weld imperfection shall be taken into consideration.
Table C.3.2 Specification of bending test size
Test piece thickness S Bend diameter D Distance between
Bending angle
(mm) (mm) supports (mm)
＜10 4S 6S+3
180°
10 40 63
Notes:
1. The bending angle of gasketed welded joint shall follow the requirements of weld from both sides.
2. The bending angle of dissimilar steel joint shall meet the requirements for the low-ductility steel.
C.3.3 Impact test
1. Impact test shall be implemented according to the requirements of GB/T 229 Metallic
materials--Charpy pendulum impact test method.
2. The average value of impact absorbing energy under normal temperature of each group of test
specimens (including 3test specimens) in each zone shall accord with drawing & the
requirements of relevant technical documents, it shall not be lower than 27J simultaneously.
Meanwhile, the impact energy of at least one specimen is permitted to be lower than specified
value, but it shall not be lower than 70% of the specified value.
3. For small impact specimen with a width of 7.5mm or 5.0mm, the impact energy indexes are
respectively 75% and 50% of the standard specimen index.

C.4 Preparation of fillet weld test piece

C.4.1 The fillet weld test piece size and specimen are shown in Fig.C.4.1 and Table C.4.1.

Fig. C.4.1Fillet weld test piece size and specimen (mm)

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Table C.4.1 Thickness composition of fillet weld test piece (mm)

Flange plateδ1 Web thicknessδ2
≤3 δ1
＞3 ≤δ1, but not less than 3
C.4.2 The plate composite weld test piece size and specimen are shown in Fig.C.4.2 and Table
C.4.2.

Fig. C.4.2 Plate composite weld test piece size and specimen(mm)
Table C.4.2 Thickness composition of plate composite weld test piece (mm)
Applicable valid range of
Flange plateδ3 Web thicknessδ4
parentmetal thickness
The thickness of both flange plate
＜20 ≤δ3
and web are both less than 20.
Neither the thickness of flange plate
≥20 ≤δ3, but not less than 20
nor that of web is less than 20.
C.4.3 Visual inspection and magnetic powder inspection & penetrant flaw detection shall be
carried out after the test piece of fillet weld and plate composite weld are welded. After
qualification, the test piece shall be cut into 5 equal pieces after the length of both ends are
decreased by 25mm, as is shown in Fig. C.4.1 and Fig. C.4.2 A surface of each slice of specimen
shall be picked up for metallographic structure test, and any two inspection surfaces shall not be
the two sides of the same cut.
1. Qualification standard for fillet weld: no cracks or non-fusions are allowed in weld metal zone
and heat affected zone; the height difference of welding legs shall not exceed 3mm.
2. Qualification standard for plate composite weld: no cracks or non-fusions are allowed in weld
metal zone and heat affected zone; the penetration degree of root of weld shall comply with the
requirements of 4.5.8 in this code.

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Appendix D Recommended formats of preliminary welding procedure specification and procedure qualification record
D.0.1Recommended format of preliminary welding procedure specification is shown in Table D.0.1.
Table D.0.1 Recommended format of preliminary welding procedure specification
Name of unit:______
Preliminary welding procedure specification No.:____ Date:___ Procedure qualification record No.:___
Welding method:____ Degree of mechanization(manual, semi-automatic or automatic):______
Welded joint: Figure: (joint and groove form, size, welding layer, weld pass arrangement and sequence)
Groove form:___________________
Backer (material and specification):________
Other:________________________________
Parentmetal:
Type No.___ Group No. ____ and Type No. ____Group No._____
Phase welding and standard No.___ Steel designation___ and standard No. ___; Steel designation_____
Phase welding thickness range:
Parentmetal: butt weld______ fillet weld______
Thickness range of weld metal: butt weld_____ fillet weld_____
Other:_____________________________
Welding material:
Electrode designation____ specification____ type____tungsten electrode type and specification____
Welding wire designation____ specification____ type____welding flux____
Electrode drying parameter________ welding flux drying parameter________
Shielding gas________ gas flow_____ other____
Welding material standard________ filler metal size ________
Chemical composition of deposited metal of welding line (welding wire) (%)
Welding material designation C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo V Ti Nb

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Welding location:
Butt weld location____ welding direction____ fillet weld location____
Preheating, interlayer, post heating temperature:
Preheating temperature (permissible minimum value)____℃ hold preheating time____ min
Interlayer temperature (permissible maximum value)____℃ heating mode____
Post heating temperature________℃ post-heat preservation time___min
Stress release treatment after welding:
Temperature range_______℃ heat preservation time ________min
Electrical property:
Current type:________ polarity:________
Welding current range________ A arc voltage________ V
Parameter requirements of welding procedure specification: (current and voltage shall be listed respectively according to welding location and thickness, which shall be recorded in the
following table)
Electrode (welding wire) welding current Shielding gas Weld
Arc Welding
Gas heat
Welding layer (pass) Welding method Current voltage Rate
Designation Diameter Polarity Type flow input
(A) (V) (cm/min)
(L/min) (kJ/cm)

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Technical requirements for operation:

Weaving welding or non-weaving welding________ weaving parameter________
Nozzle diameter________ distance from contact tube to workpiece________
Preweld cleaning________ interlayer cleaning________
Back gouging type________ requirement of back gouging________
single-pass welding & multi-pass welding________ other________
Basic requirements for butt joint:
1 Visual inspection evaluation standard for inspection________
2 Non-destructive testing inspection type________ evaluation standard for inspection________
3 Mechanical property
Impact test
Tensile strength Rm (MPa) Bending angle (°)
Notch type Location of notch Test temperature(℃)

4 Other inspections
Reviewed Approved
Prepared by Date Date Date
by by

D.0.2 Recommended format of procedure qualification record is shown in Table D.0.2.

Table D.0.2 Recommended format of procedure qualification record
Unit name:________ Welding working instruction No.:________
Procedure qualification record No.:_____ Degree of mechanization(manual, semi-automatic, automatic)_______
Welding method:
Joint figure: (groove form, welding layer and sequence )
Parentmetal:

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Material standard________ Steel designation________

Type and group No._______ and type and group No. ______ Phase welding
Filler metal:
Welding material standard________ Welding material designation________
Welding material specification_____ Welding metal thickness_______
Welding location:
Butt weld location______ Direction：(upward & downward)
Fillet weld location_____ Direction: (upward & downward)
Preheating, interlayer and post heating temperature:
Preheating temperature:____ ℃Interlayer temperature:____
Dehydrogenation temperature:____ ℃Dehydrogenation time:____ min
Postweld heat treatment:
Heat treatment temperature:____ ℃Heat preservation time:____ min
Shielding gas:
Type and proportion_______ Gas flow________ L/min
Electrical characteristics:
Current type____ Polarity____
Welding current____ A Arc voltage_____ V
Other________
Technical measures:
Welding rate____ cm/min Weaving & non-weaving ____
Weaving parameter______ Single-pass welding & multi-pass welding (each side )________
Single-wire welding & multi-wire welding ______ other ______
Welding technology parameters
Welding Electrode (welding wire) Welding current Arc voltage Welding Shielding gas Weld heat
Welding layer
method Designation Diameter Polarity Current (A) (V) rate (cm/min) Type Gas flow input

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(L/min) (kJ/cm)

Operation technique:
Conclusion of visual inspection:
Test piece No. Apparent imperfection found Assessment result

Inspection unit Inspection report No.

Conclusion of non-destructive testing:
Flaw inspection Visual inspection and Joint hardness
Test piece No. Welding imperfection Assessed grade Assessment result
method metallography inspection Base material Welding line

Inspection unit Inspection report No.

Tensile strength Inspection report No.________

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Cross sectional area Tensile strength Fracture location and

Specimen No. Specimen width (mm) Specimen thickness (mm) 2
Fracture load (kN)
(mm ) (MPa) feature

Bending test Test report No. _______

Specimen No. Specimen type Specimen thickness (mm) Bend diameter (mm) Bending angle (°) Test result

Impact test Test report No._________

Impact absorbing
Specimen No. Specimen size Notch type Notch position Test temperature (℃) Remark
energy (J)

Hardness test result (HB)Test report No.________

Welding line Heat affected zone Parentmetal
Inspection result of metallography Test report No.________
Macroscopic Microcosmic Other inspections
Conclusion of other inspection items
Conclusion: This assessment follows the requirements of ______ to weld test piece, inspect specimen, measure property, and the test record is confirmed valid.
Assessment result: ______ (qualified & unqualified)
Welder name Welder code name Welding date
Prepared by Date Reviewed by Date Approved by Date

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Appendix E Measurement of mean slip coefficient and tightening torque of

high-strength bolts
E.1 Provisions for testing of mean slip coefficient of high-strength bolt faying surface

E.1.1 Test piece used for means slip coefficient test shall be machined by the manufacturer, and
the material of test piece shall be identical to that of the steelwork component. Meanwhile, they
shall be manufactured in the same batch, and the same treatment process of faying surface shall
be adopted. Furthermore, the high-strength bolt connection sets with the same performance level
as well as the same diameter shall be used.
E.1.2 For the test of mean slip coefficient, a tensile test piece with double faying surfaces
scabbed by two bolts shall be adopted.
E.1.3 The mean slip coefficient, μ, is calculated by the equation below:
𝑁
μ = 𝑛𝑓×∑ 𝑃 (E.1.3)
𝑡

Where:
N – slipping load measured by testing (kN)
nf–number of force-transfer faying surfaces, nf=2
∑Pt–the sum of measured pretension force values of high-strength bolt corresponding to the
side on which the sliding load of test piece lies
E.1.4 For the faying surface of interconnecting pieces treated on site, its mean slip coefficient
shall be measured according to the requirements of E.1.2 and E.1.3, and the design requirements
shall also be met as well.

E.2 Provision for test of high-strength bolt tightening torque

E.2.1 The construction twisting moment of large hexagon high-strength bolt can be calculated by
the equation below:
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑘𝑃𝑐 𝑑 (E.2.1)

Where:
Tc–Construction twisting moment (N·m)
k–Average value of torque coefficient of high-strength bolt connection sets, and it shall be
within the range from 0.110 to 0.150.Besides, the standard deviation shall be less than 0.010.
Pc–Pretension force of high-strength bolt (kN)
d–Diameter of high-strength bolt (mm)
E.2.2 The check torque of large hexagon high-strength bolt can be calculated by the following
equation:
𝑇𝑐ℎ = 𝑘𝑃𝑑 (E.2.2)
Where:
Tch–check torque (N·m)
P-design pretension force of high-strength bolt (Pc=1.1P)
E.2.3 The specified tightening force and tightening torque of high-strength bolt are shown in
Table E.2.3.
Table E.2.3 Specified tightening force and tightening torque of high-strength bolt
Nominal Average torque Construction pretension force Pc
Construction final torque Tc (N·
m)
diameter d coefficient of (kN)
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(mm) high-strength Performance level of bolt Performance level of bolt

bolt 8.8S 10.9S 8.8S 10.9S
M12 0.130 45.0 60.0 70.2 93.6
M16 0.130 75.0 110.0 156.0 228.8
M20 0.130 120.0 170.0 312.0 442.0
M22 0.130 150.0 210.0 429.0 600.6
M24 0.130 170.0 250.0 530.4 780.0
M27 0.130 225.0 320.0 789.8 1123.2
M30 0.130 275.0 390.0 1072.5 1521.0

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Appendix F Surface cleanliness grades of steel substrates preparation

F.0.1 For the steel adopting method of spraying or slinging rust removal, the surface cleanliness
grades are specified as follows:
1. Sa1, mild compressed air blast clean or centrifugal blast clean. Steel surface shall be free of
visible grease and dirt, and no attachments like unfirmly-attached oxide skin, rust or paint
coating are allowed. See photos BSa1, CSa1 and DSa1 in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel
substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface
cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of
steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
2. Sa2, thorough compressed air blast clean or centrifugal blast clean. Steel surface shall be free
of visible grease and greasy dirt, and attachments like oxide skin, rust or paint coating are
basically eliminated. Besides, residues on the surface shall be firmly attached. See photos BSa2,
CSa2 and DSa2 in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation
grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous
coatings.
1
3. Sa2 , very thorough compressed air blast clean or centrifugal blast clean. Steel surface shall
2

be free of attachments like visible grease, dirt, oxide skin and paint coating, etc. Only rudimental
1 1 1 1
traces like punctate or stripy patches are allowed. See photosASa2 2, BSa2 2, CSa2 2and DSa2 2

in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
- Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of
uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
4. Sa3, compressed air blast clean or centrifugal blast clean making the appearance of steel clean.
Steel surface shall be free of attachments like visible grease, dirt, oxide skin and paint coating,
etc. Uniform metallic lustre shall appear on the surface. See photos ASa3, B Sa3, CSa3 and DSa3
in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
- Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of
uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
F.0.2 For the steel adopting manual or powertool method for rust removal, the surface
cleanliness grades are specified as follows:
1. St2, thorough manual or powertool rust removal. Steel surface shall be free of visible grease
and dirt, and no attachments like unfirmly-attached oxide skin, rust or paint coating are allowed.
See photos BSt2, CSt2 and DSt2 in GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before
application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1:
Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after
overall removal of previous coatings.
2. St3, very thorough manual or powertool rust removal. Steel surface shall be free of visible
grease and dirt, and no attachments like unfirmly-attached oxide skin, rust or paint coating are
allowed. The rust removal shall be more thorough than that of St2, and there shall be metallic
lustre on the surface of the exposed part of substrate. See photos BSt3, CSt3 and DSt3 in GB/T
8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel
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substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.

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Appendix G Computation sheet of atmospheric dew point

G.0.1 The dew point, td, corresponding to t (air temperature) and φ(relative humidity) shall be
calculated by the following equation (valid if t≥0):
(234.175+𝑡)(ln 0.01+ln 𝜑)+17.08085𝑡
𝑡𝑑 = 234.175 × 234.175×17.08085−(234.175+𝑡)(ln 0.01+ln 𝜑 (G.0.1)

G.0.2 Table G.0.2 includes some dew point values corresponding to t (air temperature) and φ
(relative humidity).
Table G.0.2 Calculated values of dew point
Environment

temperature

(℃) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Relative

humidity (%)

95 -0.7 4.3 9.2 14.2 19.2 24.1 29.1 34.1 39.0 44.0
90 -1.4 3.5 8.4 13.4 18.3 23.2 28.2 33.1 38.0 43.0
85 -2.2 2.7 7.6 12.5 17.4 22.3 27.2 32.1 37.0 41.9
80 -3.0 1.9 6.7 11.6 16.4 21.3 26.2 31.0 35.9 40.7
75 -3.9 1.0 5.8 10.6 15.4 20.3 25.1 29.9 34.7 39.5
70 -4.8 0.0 4.8 9.6 14.4 19.1 23.9 28.7 33.5 38.2
65 -5.8 -1.0 3.7 8.5 13.2 18.0 22.7 27.4 32.1 36.9
60 -6.8 -2.1 2.6 7.3 12.0 16.7 21.4 26.1 30.7 35.4
55 -7.9 -3.3 1.4 6.1 10.7 15.3 20.0 24.6 29.2 33.8
50 -9.1 -4.5 0.1 4.7 9.3 13.9 18.4 23.0 27.6 32.1
45 -10.5 -5.9 -1.3 3.2 7.7 12.3 16.8 21.3 25.8 30.3
40 -11.9 -7.4 -2.9 1.5 6.0 10.5 14.9 19.4 23.8 28.2
35 -13.6 -9.1 -4.7 -0.3 4.1 8.5 12.9 17.2 21.6 25.9

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Appendix H Inspection of metal coating thickness and bonding performance

H.1 Inspection of metal coating thickness

H.1.1 The inspection method of metal coating thickness is as follows:

1. Magnetic thickness tester is used for inspection if the effective area shall be equal or greater
than 1m2. Specifically, the coating thickness of ten points in a reference plane with an area of
1dm2 shall be measured. The arithmetic mean value of the ten measured values shall be regarded
to be the local average thickness value of the reference plane. The distribution of measured
points is shown in Fig. H.1.1-1. If the effective area is less than 1m2, 5 points shall be taken for
coating thickness test in a reference plane with an area of 1cm2, and the arithmetic mean value of
the 5 measured values shall be regarded as the local average thickness of this reference plane.
The distribution of measured points is shown in Fig. H.1.1-2.
2. Considering the difference in workpiece dimension and complexity of structure, on the
principle of uniform distribution and representativeness, generally on regular surfaces at least 3
reference planes shall be taken within each plane with an area of 10m2. For planes with a
complicated structure, extra reference planes can be added accordingly.
3. The minimum local thickness of measured coating shall not be less than the thickness
specified by design.

Fig.H.1.1-1 Measured points layout of Fig. H.1.1-2 Measured points layout of

ten-point method five-point method

H.2 Bonding property inspection of metal coating

H.2.1 The bonding property inspection method of metal coating is as follows:

1. The coating shall be cut into quadrate grids with hard-edge cutter, and the size is listed in
Table H.2.1.
Table H.2.1Grid size of coating
Approximate area of
Coating thickness measured (μm) Distance between scratches (mm)
grid (mm ×mm)
＜200 15×25 3
＞200 25×25 5
2. The cutting edge of cutter shall be basically perpendicular to the surface of coating (as shown
in Fig. H.2.1-2). After cutting, coating must be cut off the surface of substrate.

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Fig. H.2.1-1 Shape of cutting edge Fig. H.2.1-2 Cutting angle of cutter
3. A 25mm-wide binding tape shall be stuck on the surface of grid-like coating, and a 500g-load
roller or finger(s) shall be used for compressing it tightly afterwards. In accordance with the
method shown in Fig. H.2.1-3, one end of binding tape shall be held by hand and the binding
type is pulled open quickly and suddenly in the direction perpendicular to the surface of coating
for the sake of checking whether the coating is peeled off because of the adhesion of binding
type.
4. The qualification standard is that none of coating parts is peeled off the substrate metal. If
there is indeed discontinuous coating stuck on binding tape but the stuck coating is located
between the coatings instead of between the coating and the surface of substrate, i.e. substrate is
not exposed, the qualification is also considered to be achieved.

Fig. H.2.1-3 Pull-open way of binding tape

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Appendix J Steel castings for general works and structures

J.1 Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose (from GB/T 11352-2009)

J.1.1 The chemical composition of carbon steel casting for general works shall follow the
requirements of Table J.1.1.
J.1.2 The mechanical property of carbon steel casting for general works shall follow the
requirements of Table J.1.2.
Table J.1.1 Chemical composition of carbon steel casting for general works
Residual element
Total
C Si Mn S P
Designation Ni Cr Cu Mo V residual
element

ZG200-400 0.02 0.80

ZG230-450 0.30
ZG270-500 0.40 0.60 0.035 0.035 0.40 0.35 0.40 0.20 0.05 1.00
0.90
ZG310-570 0.50
ZG340-640 0.60
Notes:
1. For C with the upper limit decreased by 0.01%, Mn is allowed to be increased by 0.04%. For ZG200-400, the
maximum content of Mn is 1.00%, and the maximum content of Mn for the other four designations is 1.20%.
2. Residual element is not regarded as an acceptance basis unless otherwise specified.
Table J.1.2 Mechanical property of carbon steel casting for general works
Yield Selected by contract
Tensile
strength Elongation A Percentage Impact absorbing energy
strength Rm
Designation ReL(Rp0.2) (%) reduction of
(MPa) AKV (J) AKU(J)
(MPa) area Z (%)
Not less than
ZG200-400 200 400 25 40 30 47
ZG230-450 230 450 22 32 25 35
ZG270-500 270 500 18 25 22 27
ZG310-570 310 570 15 21 15 24
ZG340-640 340 640 10 18 10 16
Notes:
1. The performance of all designations listed in the table above is applicable to the casting with a thickness not
greater than 100mm. The ReL (Rp0.2) specified in the table is only used for design if the casting thickness is greater
than 100mm.
2. The specimen notch of AKU (impact absorbing energy) in the table is 2mm long.

J.2 Low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structural purposes (from GB/T
14408-1993)

J.2.1 The S & P content of low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structural
purposes shall meet the requirements of Table J.2.1.
J.2.2 The mechanical property of low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structural
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purposes shall meet the requirements of Table J.2.2.

Table J.2.1 S & P content in the chemical composition of low alloy steel castings
Maximum content (%)
Designation
S P
ZGD 270-480
ZGD 290-510
ZGD 345-570
0.040 0.040
ZGD 410-620
ZGD 535-720
ZGD 650-830
ZGD 730-910 0.035 0.035

Table J.2.1 Mechanical property of low alloy steel castings

Minimum value
Percentage
Designation Yield strength Tensile strength Rm
Elongation A (%) reduction of area Z
ReL(Rp0.2) (MPa) (MPa)
(%)
ZGD 270-480 270 480 18 35
ZGD 290-510 290 510 16 35
ZGD 345-570 345 570 14 35
ZGD 410-620 410 620 13 35
ZGD 535-720 535 720 12 30
ZGD 650-830 650 830 10 25
ZGD 730-910 730 910 8 22
ZGD 840-1030 840 1030 6 20
Note:
The mechanical property values listed in the table above derive from standard test block with a thickness of
28mm.

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Appendix K Quality Carbon Structural Steels l and lloy constructional steels

K.1 Quality Carbon Structural Steels (from GB/T 699)

K.1.1 The designation,unified numerical code and chemical composition (heat analysis) of
quality carbon structural steel shall meet the requirements of Table K.1.1.
Table K.1.1 Chemical composition of quality carbon structural steels
Unified Chemical composition (%)
No. numerical Designation Cr Ni Cu
C Si Mn
code Not greater than
1 U20252 25 0.22~0.29 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
2 U20302 30 0.27~0.34 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
3 U20352 35 0.32~0.39 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
4 U20402 40 0.37~0.44 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
5 U20452 45 0.42~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
Notes:
The designations listed in the table are all quality steels. „A‟ shall be added to the end of high-quality steel
designation (the last figure of unified numerical code is changed to „3‟); „E‟ is added to the end of special-quality
steel designation (the last figure of unified numerical name is changed to „6‟ ); ‘F‟ is added to the end of rimmed
steel designation (the last figure of unified numerical name is changed to „0‟ );„b‟ is added to the end of
semi-killed steel designation (the last figure of unified numerical name is changed to „1‟).
The steels of Brand Numbers listed in the table are all quality steel. For high-grade quality steel, “A” will be
added after the brand number (the last figure of unified numerical code is changed to “3”); for special grade
quality steel, “E” will be added after the brand number (the last figure of unified numerical code is changed to
“6”); for rimmed steel, “F” will be added after the brand number (the last figure of unified numerical code is
changed to “0”); for semi-killed steel, “b” will be added after the brand number (the last figure of unified
numerical code is changed to “1”).
K.1.2 The S & P content of quality carbon structural steels shall meet the requirements of Table
K.1.2.
Table K.1.2 S & P content of quality carbon structural steels
P S
Group
Not greater than (%)
Quality steel 0.035 0.035
High-grade quality steel 0.030 0.030
Special-grade quality steel 0.025 0.020
K.1.3 For quality carbon structural steel, the longitudinal mechanical property of specimen made
by workblank with heat treatment (normalization) shall meet the requirements of Table K.1.3.

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Table K.1.3 Mechanical property of quality carbon structural steels

Steel hardness in delivery
Recommended heat treatment temperature (℃)
Specimen Rm A AKU2 state
ReL Z(%)
No. Designation Workblank (MPa) (%) (J) Annealed
Unheated
Size (mm) Normalization Quenching Temper steel
Not less than Not greater than
1 25 25 900 870 600 450 275 23 50 71 170 -
2 30 25 880 860 600 490 295 21 50 63 179 -
3 35 25 870 850 600 530 315 20 45 55 197 -
4 40 25 860 840 600 570 335 19 45 47 217 187
5 45 25 850 840 600 600 355 16 40 39 229 197
Note:
The recommended holding time for normalization listed in in the table shall not be less than 30min; the recommended holding time for quenching shall not be less than 30min; the
recommended holding time for temper shall not be less than 1h.

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K.2 Alloy structure steels (from GB/T 3077-1999)

K.2.1 The designation, unified numerical code and chemical composition (heat analysis) of low
alloy structural steel shall meet the requirements of Table K.2.1.
Table K.2.1 Chemical composition of low alloy structural steel
Unified Chemical composition
No. Numerical Designation
C Si Mn Cr Mo Ni
Code
1 A00352 35Mn2 0.32~0.39 0.17~0.37 1.40~1.80 - - -
2 A10272 27SiMn 0.24~0.32 1.00~1.40 1.10~1.40 - - -
3 A10352 35SiMn 0.32~0.40 1.10~1.40 1.10~1.40 - - -
4 A20402 40Cr 0.37~0.44 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.80~1.10 - -
5 A20502 50Cr 0.47~0.54 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.80~1.10 - -
6 S30352 35CrMo 0.32~0.40 0.17~0.37 0.40~0.70 0.80~1.10 0.15~0.25 -
7 A30422 42CrMo 0.38~0.45 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.90~1.20 0.15~0.25
8 A42302 30CrNi3 0.27~0.33 0.17~0.37 0.30~0.60 0.60~0.90 - 2.75~3.15
9 A42372 37CrNi3 0.34~0.41 0.17~0.37 0.30~0.60 1.20~1.60 - 3.00~3.50
10 A50202 20CrNiMo 0.17~0.23 0.17~0.37 0.60~0.95 0.40~0.70 0.20~0.30 0.35~0.75
11 A50403 40CrNiMoA 0.37~0.44 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.15~0.25 1.25~1.65
Notes:
1. It is specified in this standard that the steel of designation with „A‟ can only be ordered as high-grade quality
steel and the steel of other designations shall be ordered as quality steel.
2. The unified numerical code is listed according to the requirements of GB/T 17616 Unified numbering system
for designation of iron, steel and alloy. The last figure of quality steel is 2, and that for high-grade quality steel
(with „A‟) is 3. Besides, the last figure of special-grade quality steel (with „E‟) is 6.
K.2.2 The S, P and residual Cu, Cr, Ni and Mo content of low alloy structural steel shall meet the
requirements of Table K.2.2.
Table K.2.2 S, P and residual Cu, Cr, Ni and Mo content of low alloy structural steel
Chemical composition (%)
Steel type P S Cu Cr Ni Mo
Not greater than
Quality steel 0.035 0.035 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.15
High-grade
0.025 0.025 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.10
quality steel
Special-grade
0.025 0.015 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.10
quality steel
K.2.3 The mechanical property of low alloy structural steel shall meet the requirements of Table
K.2.3.

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Table K.2.3 Mechanical property of low alloy structural steel

Heat treatment Mechanical property BH in annealed
Quenching Temper Yield Percentage Percentage and high
Tensile Impact
Specimen point elongation reduction of temperature
strength absorbing
No. Designation workblank Heating Heating ReL after fracture area tempered state
Rm (MPa) energy (J)
size Temperature Coolant Temperature Coolant (MPa) A (%) Z (%) HB100/3000
(℃) (℃) Not greater
Not less than
than
1 35Mn2 25 840 Water 500 Water 835 685 12 45 55 207
2 27SiMn2 25 920 Water 450 Water, oil 980 835 12 40 39 217
3 35SiMn 25 900 Water 570 Water, oil 885 735 15 45 47 229
4 40Cr 25 850 Oil 520 Water, oil 980 785 9 45 47 207
5 50Cr 25 830 Oil 520 Water, oil 1080 930 9 40 39 229
6 35CrMo 25 850 Oil 550 Water, oil 980 835 12 45 63 229
7 42CrMo 25 850 Oil 560 Water, oil 1080 930 12 45 63 217
8 30CrNi3 25 820 Oil 500 Water, oil 980 785 9 45 63 241
9 37CrNi3 25 820 Oil 500 Water, oil 1130 980 10 50 47 269
10 20CrNiMo 25 850 Oil 200 Air 980 785 9 40 47 197
11 40CrNiMoA 25 850 Oil 600 Water, oil 980 835 12 55 78 269
Notes:
1. The permissible adjustment range of heat treatment temperature listed in the table:±15℃ for quenching;±20℃for low-temperature tempering;±50℃for high-temperature tempering.
2. If yield phenomenon cannot be observed on tensile specimen so that the yield point ReL cannot be measured, the residual elongation stress Rpo2can be specified.

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Appendix L General technical specification for forgings

L.1 Chemical composition of quality carbon structural steel and low alloy structural steel
forgings

L.1.1 Forge piece shall be sampled and analyzed according to GB/T 223 Methods for chemical
analysis of iron, steel and alloy.
L.1.2 For the finished product of heavy carbon structural steel forging, the permissible deviation
for the mass fraction of chemical composition shall meet the requirements of Table L.1.2-1; as
for the finished product of heavy alloy structural steel forging, the permissible deviation for the
mass fraction of chemical composition shall meet the requirements of Table L.1.2-2.
Table L.1.2-1 Permissible deviation for mass fraction of chemical composition for
the finished product of heavy carbon structural steel forging (%) (from JB/T 6397)
Sectional areaa (cm2)
Compositional
Element ≤650 650~1300 1300~2600 2600~5200 5200~10420 ＞10420
range
Permissible deviation of the upper and lower limits of composition
≤0.25 ±0.02 ±0.03 ±0.03 ±0.04 ±0.05 ±0.05
C 0.25~0.50 ±0.03 ±0.04 ±0.04 ±0.05 ±0.06 ±0.06
≥0.50 ±0.04 ±0.05 ±0.05 ±0.06 ±0.07 ±0.07
≤0.35 ±0.02 ±0.03 ±0.04 ±0.04 ±0.05 ±0.08
Si
＞0.35 ±0.05 ±0.06 ±0.06 ±0.07 ±0.07 ±0.09
≤0.90 ±0.03 ±0.03 ±0.05 ±0.06 ±0.07 ±0.08
Mn
＞0.90 ±0.06 ±0.06 ±0.07 ±0.08 ±0.08 ±0.09
P ≤0.050 +0.008 +0.008 +0.010 +0.010 +0.015 +0.015
≤0.030 +0.005 +0.005 +0.006 +0.006 +0.006 +0.006
S
＞0.030 +0.008 +0.010 +0.010 +0.015 +0.015 +0.015
Note:
a. Cross section in the table refers to the maximum cross-sectional area of roughly-machined forging (excluding
the area of center hole); the maximum cross-sectional area of forging: the maximum cross-sectional area of billet.
Table L.1.2-2 Permissible deviation for the mass fraction of chemical composition for
the finished product of heavy alloy structural steel forging (%) (from JB/T 6396)
Specified Sectional areaa (cm2)
Element maximum ≤650 650~1300 1300~2600 2600~5200 5200~10420 ＞10420
range Allowable deviation of the upper and lower limits of composition
≤0.25 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05
C
0.26~0.56 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06
≤0.35 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 ±0.06
Si
≥0.36 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 ±0.09
≤0.90 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Mn
≥0.91 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09
P ≤0.050 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015

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≤0.030 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006

S
＞0.030 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015
≤0.90 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06
C 0.90~2.10 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08
2.10~10.00 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.16
≤1.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Ni 1.01~2.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
2.01~5.30 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
≤0.20 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
Mo 0.21~0.40 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
0.41~1.15 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Nb ≤0.14 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
Ti ≤0.85 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
≤1.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07
W
1.01~4.00 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.14
0.16~0.50 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08
Al
0.51~2.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.14
≤0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
V
0.11~0.25 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Notes:
a. Cross sectional area of finished product in the table refers to the maximum cross-sectional area of
roughly-machined forging (excluding the area of center hole); the maximum cross-sectional area of forging: the
maximum cross-sectional area of billet.

L.2 Mechanical property of quality carbon structural steel and low alloy structural steel
forgings

L.2.1 The longitudinal mechanical property of forging shall meet the requirements of Table L.2.1

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Table L.2.1 Longitudinal mechanical property of forge piece (from JB/T 6396 and JB/T 6397)
Sectional Mechanical property
Dimension Rm ReL A Z AKU AKDVM
Hardness
Steel designation Heat treatment Grade (mm) (MPa) (%) (J)
(HB)
(diameter or
Not less than
thickness)
≤100 410~540 235 20 50 49
1 100~250 390~520 225 19 48 39 - 120~155
Normalization or 250~500 390~520 215 18 40 39
25 or30 normalization ≤100 420~570 235 22 50 39
+tempering 100~250 390~530 215 20 48 31
2 - 126~170
250~500 380~520 205 18 40 31
500~1000 380~520 205 17 35 27
≤100 49~630 255 18 43 34
1 100~250 450~590 240 17 40 29 - 140~172
Normalization or 250~500 450~590 220 16 27 29
normalization ≤100 480~670 270 19 43 38
+tempering 100~250 460~650 245 17 40 38
2 - 143~187
35 or40 250~500 460~610 245 17 37 34
500~1000 460~610 245 17 30 31
≤16 630~780 430 17 35 40 -
16~40 600~750 370 19 40 40 -
Thermal refining - -
40~100 550~700 320 20 45 40 196~241
100~250 490~640 295 22 40 40 189~229

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250~500 490~640 275 21 38 163~219

≤100 570~710 295 14 38 29
1 100~250 550~690 280 13 35 24 - 170~207
Normalization or 250~500 550~690 260 12 32 24
normalization ≤100 580~770 305 17 31
+tempering 100~250 560~750 275 15 31
2 - - 163~217
250~500 560~720 275 15 27
45 or 50
500~1000 560~720 275 15 24
≤16 700~850 500 14 30 31 -
16~40 650~800 430 16 35 31 30 -
Thermal refining - 40~100 630~780 370 17 40 31 207~302
100~250 590~740 345 18 35 31 30 197~269
250~500 590~740 345 17 - - 27 187~255
40Mn Normalization or - ＜250 590 350 17 - - 207
normalization
50Mn - ＜250 645 390 13 - - - 217
+tempering
≤600 470 (265) 15 - - 143~187
Normalization
20SiMn - 601~900 450 (255) 14 30 39 - 135~179
+tempering
901~1200 440 (245) 14 30 39 135~179
≤100 785 (510) 15 45 47 235~286
101~300 735 (440) 14 35 39 217~269
35SiMn Thermal refining - -
301~400 685 (390) 13 30 35 207~255
401~500 635 (375) 11 28 31 196~255
40Cr Thermal refining - ≤100 735 (540) 15 45 39 - 217~269

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101~300 685 (490) 14 45 31 207~255

301~500 635 (440) 10 35 23 196~255
501~800 590 (345) 8 30 16 176~241
≤100 835 (540) 10 40 - - 250~302
50Cr Thermal refining -
101~300 785 (490) 10 40 - - 235~286
≤100 735 (540) 15 45 47 217~269
101~300 685 (490) 15 45 39 207~255
35CrMo Thermal refining - -
301~500 635 (440) 15 35 31 196~255
501~800 590 (390) 12 30 23 176~241
≤100 900~1100 650 12 50 (35) 40 269~321
101~160 800~950 550 13 50 (35) 40 241~302
42CrMo Thermal refining - 161~250 750~900 500 14 50 (35) 40 225~269
251~500 690~840 460 15 - - 38 207~255
501~750 590~740 390 16 - - 38 176~241
≤100 1000~1200 800 11 50 (45) 50 302~341
101~160 900~1100 700 12 55 (45) 50 269~321
34Cr2Ni2Mo Thermal refining - 161~250 800~950 600 13 55 (45) 50 241~302
251~500 740~890 540 14 - - 41 225~269
501~1000 690~840 490 15 - - 41 207~255
≤100 900 785 14 40 54 269~321
34CrNi3Mo Thermal refining - 101~300 855 735 14 38 47 - 255~302
301~500 805 685 13 35 31 241~286
≤100 1100~1300 900 10 45 (35) 40 325~369
30Cr2Ni2Mo Thermal refining -
101~160 1000~1200 800 11 50 (45) 50 302~341

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161~250 900~1100 700 12 50 (45) 50 269~321

251~500 830~980 635 12 - - 45 250~302
501~1000 780~930 590 12 - - 45 229~286

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L.2.2 The degradation percentage of mechanical property of transverse and tangential (radial)
forge piece specimens shall meet Table L.2.2
Table L.2.2 Degradation percentage of mechanical property of transverse and tangential (radial)

forge piece specimens (from JB/T 6396 and JB/T 6397)

Forging ratio
Mechanical property Direction of specimen
≤5 ＞5
Tangential 5 5
ReL
Transverse 5 5
Tangential 5 5
Rm
Transverse 5 5
Tangential 25 40
A
Transverse 25 40
Tangential 20 40
Z
Transverse 20 40
Tangential 25 40
AK
Transverse 25 40

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Appendix M Conventional materials of supporting slide tracks

M.1 RPTFE plates

M.1.1 The mechanical property of RPTFE plates shall meet Table M.1.1.
Table M.1.1 Mechanical property of RPTFE plates
No. Property Unit Index Remark
3
1 Density g/cm 1.20~1.50
Compressive
2 MPa 120~180
strength
Impact strength of
3 I/cm2 ＞0.7
notch
Ball indentation
4 MPa ≥100 GB 3398
hardness
Permissible line
5 intensity of kN/cm ≤80
pressure
6 Linear expansivity 1/℃ ≤7.0×10-5
7 Water absorption % ≤0.6
Distortion
8 ℃ 185
temperature
M.1.2 The width of RPTFE sliding block should be greater than 1% of slot width.
M.1.3 The surface roughness of sliding block Ra≤3.2μm.

M.2 Steel-backed copper-plastic composite material

M.2 The mechanical property of steel-backed copper-plastic composite material is shown in

Table M.2.1.
Table M.2.1 Mechanical property of steel backing copper-plastic composite material
Composite material
No. Property Unit Copper ball/ Copper
polyformaldehyde spiral/polyformaldehyde
Thickness of
1 mm 1.2~1.5 ≥3.0
laminated layer
Compressive
2 MPa ≥250 ≥160
strength
3 Brinell hardness MPa ≥300 ≥120
Permissible line
4 kN/cm 60 80
pressure intensity
5 Linear expansivity 1/℃ 2.3×10-5 2.3×10-5
Working
6 ℃ -40~100 -40~100
temperature
M.2.2 The surface layer of base steel polyformaldehyde composite material shall be even and
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uniform, and defects such as unmelted plastic or crack are not allowed.

M.3 Self-lubricating copper alloy bearing material

M.3.1 The copper alloy of commonly-used self-lubricating copper alloy bearing materials shall
meet the requirement of GB/T 13819 Copper and copper alloy castings, and its mechanical
property shall conform toTable M.3.1.
Table M.3.1 Mechanical property of copper alloy
Type of copper alloy
Mechanical property
Tin bronze Albronze High-strength brass
Tensile strength Rm (MPa) ≥200 ≥630 ≥740
Yield strength ReL (MPa) ≥90 ≥250 ≥400
Elongation (%) ≥13 ≥16 ≥7
Hardness (HB) ≥60 ≥157 ≥167
M.3.2 The copper base shall be free of defects like inclusion, blister and shrinkage cavity etc.
The surface roughness Ra≤3.2μm.
M.3.3 The chemical composition of solid lubricant shall meet the requirements of drawing, and
the color of surface shall be consistent. No dearth, peeling and crack are allowed.

M.4 Engineering plastic alloy material

M.4.1 The mechanical properties of engineering plastics alloy materials are shown in Table
M.4.1.
Table M.4.1 Mechanical property of engineering plastic alloy materials
No. Property Unit Index Remark
1 Density g/cm3 1.1~1.3 -
Compressive
2 MPa 90~160 -
strength
3 Impact strength kJ/cm2 ＞60 -
4 Shore hardness D ＞66 -
Permissible line
5 kN/cm ＜83 -
pressure intensity
6 Water absorption % ＜0.06 -
Distortion
7 ℃ 186 -
temperature
8 Friction coefficient - 0.05~0.1 -
M.4.2 The width of engineering plastic alloy sliding block should be greater than 0.8% of slot
width.
M.4.3 The machined surface roughness Ra after being pressed into slot shall not be greater than
6.3μm.
M.4.4 Engineering plastic alloy material is a kind of uniform polymer fabricated by a special
synthetic process, and it is isotropous as well as non-interface-abruption. The basis of it is the
copolymer composed of different sorts of monomers, and it is modified by man-made rare earth
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complex together with many kinds of additives.

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Appendix N Physical and mechanical properties of rubber seals

N.0.1 The physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing shall conform to Table N.0.1.
Table N.0.1 Physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing
Index value
Ⅰ Ⅱ Rubber seal
No. Property
for high
SF6674 SF6474 SF6574
pressure gate
3
1 Density (g/cm ) 1.2~1.5 1.2~1.5 1.2~1.5 1.2~1.5
2 (new) Rubbercontent (%) ≥60 ≥60 ≥60 ≥60
3 Tensile strength (MPa) ≥18 ≥13 ≥14 ≥22
4 Shore hardness (A) 60±5 60±5 60±5 70±5
5 Elongation at break (%) ≥450 ≥450 ≥400 ≥400
Modulus of 100% 1.6~2.0 1.6~2.0 1.6~2.0 2.0~4.0
6 elasticity for
200% 1.8~2.5 1.8~2.5 1.8~2.5 2.5~5.0
tension (MPa)
Modulus of 20% 5.5~6.0 5.5~6.0 5.5~6.0 5.5~7.5
elasticity in 30% 5.6~6.0 5.6~6.0 5.6~6.0 5.8~8.0
7
compression
40% 6.2~6.8 6.2~6.8 6.2~6.8 6.0~9.0
(MPa)
Working in the temperature
8 Nonoccurrence of frost crack or hardening
range from -40℃to +40 ℃
N.0.2 The Teflon film thickness of rubber-plastic compound seals shall be greater than 1.0mm,
and the bond strength of Teflon film and rubber material shall not be less than 10kN/m if
specimen width is 25.0mm.

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Explanation of Wording in this Code

1. For the purpose of differential treatment in implementation of provisions of this code, wording
denoting the different degrees of strictness of the requirement are explained as follows:
Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the

differences in executing the requirements in this code:

1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
“must” is used for affirmation and “must not” for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal condition:
“Shall” is used for affirmation, “shall not” for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or in an indication of the most suitable choice
when conditions permit:
“Should” is used for affirmation, “should not” negation.
4) “May” is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
2. “Shall conform to…” or “Shall meet the requirements of …” is used in the provisions to
indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards
and codes.

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Reference List of Normative Standards

GB/T 50184 Code for acceptance of construction quality of industrial metallic piping
engineering
GB 50205 Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures
GB 150 Pressure vessels
GB/T 223 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials--Charpy pendulum impact test method (eqv ISO 148)
GB/T 232 Metallic materials – Bend test (eqv ISO 7438)
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structural steels
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled steel plates and sheets
GB/T 710 Hot-rolled quality carbon structural steel sheets and strips
GB/T 711 Hot-rolled quality carbon structural steel plates, sheets and strips
GB 713 Steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels
GB/T 983Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels
(neq ANSI/AWS A5.4)
GB/T 985.1 Recommended joint preparation for gas welding, manual metal arc welding,
gas-shield arc welding and beam welding
GB/T 985.2 Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding
GB/T 985.4 Recommended joint preparation for welding on clad steels
GB/T 1182 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)--Geometrical tolerancing --Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out (eqv ISO 1101)
GB/T 1184 Geometrical Tolerancing Geometrical Tolerance for features without individual
tolerance indications (eqv ISO 2768-2)
GB/T 1231 Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts,
plain washers for steel structures
GB/T 1591 High strength low alloy structural steels (neq ISO 4950)
GB/T 1800.2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Part 2: Tables of
standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts
GB/T 1801 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Selection of tolerance
zones and fits (eqv ISO 1829)
GB/T 2654 Hardness test methods on welded joints
GB/T 2970 Method for ultrasonic testing of thicker steel plates
GB/T 2975 Steel and steel products--Location and preparation of test pieces for mechanical
testing
GB/T 3077 Alloy structural steels (neq DIN EN 10083-1)
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners-Bolts, screws and studs
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical properties of fasteners-Nuts-Coarse thread
GB/T 3098.6 Mechanical properties of fasteners-- Stainless-steel Bolts, screws and studs
GB/T 3098.15 Mechanical properties of fasteners- Stainless-steel nuts

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GB/T 3274 Hot rolled plates, sheets and strips of carbon structural steels and high strength low
alloy structural steels
GB/T 3280 Cold rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 3323 Radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials
GB/T 3398 Plastics--Determination of hardness—Part1: Ball indentation method
GB/T 3863 Industrial oxygen
GB/T 4237 Hot rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 4842 Argon
GB/T 4956 Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates--Measurement of coating
thickness--Magnetic tethod (ISO 2178 IDT)
GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels
(eqv ANSI/AWS A5.1)
GB/T 5118 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep-resisting steels (neq
ANSI/AWS A5.5)
GB/T 5216 Structural steels with specified hardenability bands
GB/T 5293 Carbon steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (eqv ANSI/AWS
A5.17)
GB/T 5616 Non-destructive testing - guidelines for application
GB/T 5680 Austenitic manganese steel castings
GB/T 6052 Industrial liquid carbon dioxide
GB/T 6060.1 Roughness comparison specimens-Cast surfaces (eqv ISO 2632-3)
GB/T 6402 Steel forgings - Method for ultrasonic testing (neq IIS G587)
GB/T 6414 Castings--System of dimensional tolerances and machining allowances (eqv ISO
8062)
GB/T 6463 Metallic and other inorganic coatings--Review of methods of measurement of
thickness
GB 6819 Dissolved acetylene
GB/T 7233 Methods for ultrasonic testing and for specifying quality levels of steel castings (neq
BS 6208)
GB/T 7659 Steel casting suitable for welded structure (neq ASTM A216)
GB/T 8110 Welding electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding of carbon and low alloy
steel (neq ANSI/AWS)
GB/T 8165 Stainless steel clad plates, sheets and strips
GB/T 8564 Specification installation of hydraulic turbine generator units
GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of
uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings (eqv
ISO 8501-1)
GB/T 9286 Paints and varnishes—Cross cut test for films
GB/T 9443 Penetrant testing for steel castings
GB/T 9444 Magnetic particle testing for steel castings
GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
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GB/T 9448 Safety in welding and cutting

GB/T 9790 Metallic and related coatings--Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests
GB/T 10045 Carbon steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding
GB/T 11345 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels,
and assessment
GB/T 11351 Mass tolerances for castings
GB/T 11352 Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose (neq ISO 3755)
GB/T 11379 Metallic coatings--Electroplated coatings of chromium for engineering purposes
GB 12174 Air-arc gouging carbon electrodes
GB/T 12470 Low-alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (neq ANSI/AWS
A5.23)
GB/T 12611 Technical requirements of quality control for metal parts to be coated
GB/T 13819 Copper and copper alloy castings
GB/T 14408 Low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structural purposes
GB/T 14977 General requirement for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates
GB/T 15056 Evaluation method on cast surface roughness
GB/T 15826.1~GB/T 15826.9 Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings
on hammer (eqv DIN 7527)
GB/T 16253 Steel castings for pressure purposes (eqv ISO 4991)
GB/T 17493 Low alloy steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding
GB/T 17505 Steel and steel products - General technical delivery requirements
GB/T 17616 Unified numbering system for designation of iron, steel and alloy
GB/T 17850 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products—Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
GB/T 17853 Stainless steel flux cored wires
GB/T 17854 Stainless steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding (eqv IIS Z3324)
GB/T 18591 Welding -Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass
temperature and preheat maintenance temperature
GB/T 18838 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
GB/T 19868.4 Welding procedure qualification based on pre-production welding test
GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels-Designation and chemical composition
GB/T 29712 Non-destructive testing of welds—Ultrasonic testing—Acceptance levels
DL/T 5039 Specification for design of steel gate in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering
DL/T 5358 Technical code for anticorrosion of metal structures in hydroelectric and hydraulic
engineering
DL/T 330 Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique in welded joints of hydroelectric or
hydraulic engineering steel structure and equipment
DL/T 542 Methods of ultrasonic testing and assessment of measuring results for T-joints fillet
fusion welded in steel
DL/T 679 Code for welder technical qualification
HG/T 3661.1 Burning gases for welding and cutting – Propylene
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HG/T 3661.2 Burning gases for welding and cutting – Propane

HG/T 3728 Mixed gas for welding Argon-Carbon dioxide
JGJ 82 Technical specification for high strength bolt connections of steel structures
JTS 257 Standard for Quality Inspection of Port and Waterway Engineering Construction
JB/T 3223 Management Regulation of Welding Material Quality
JB/T 4730.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments -Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
JB/T 4730.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments -- Part 4: Magnetic particle testing
JB/T 4730.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments -- Part 5: Penetrant testing
JB/T4730.10 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 10: Ultrasonic time of flight
diffraction technique
JB/T 6396 Specification for the heavy alloy structural steel forgings
JB/T 6397 Specification for the heavy carbon structural steel forgings
JB/T 9179.1~JB/T 9179.8 Machining allowances and tolerances of open forgings on hydraulic
press
JB/T 10045.3 Thermal cutting - Quality and dimensional deviation in the gas cutting
JB/T 10045.4 Thermal cutting -- Quality and dimensional deviation of plasma cutting
JB/T 10375 Recommended practice for vibration stress relief on welding structure
NB/T 47014-2011 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment
SL 35 The testing rule of welder for hydraulic steel structure
YB/T 5092 Stainless steel wires for welding

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