PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table of Radioactive Isotopes Naturally occurring radioactive isotopes ore indicated by a

blue mass number. Half lives ore in porenthe.ses where s,
Ac 227(22y}p - ,• Cd 115(43d} ~ - ., Fe 55(2.6y}K La 140(40.2h}p- ,, Po 210 (138.4d}a,, Sr 90(28y} ~-
59(45d}~ - ., 209(103y}.,K,, 89(5ldlP - .> m, h, d end y stand for seconds, minutes, hours,";doys and
Ag 11 0(24•}~ - ., Co 141(32d}~- ,, Lu 176 (10 10 y} ~- ,K,,
111(7.5d}~ - ,, 85(64d}K,, years respectively. The symbols describing the" mode of
143(33h}p- ,, Fm 255(20h}. 177(6.8d} ~- ·'
Pr 143(13 .8d}~ ­
144(285d} ~ - ., Ta 182(115d}ff- .> decay and resulting radiation are defined as follows:
Am241(458y}.,,,e- Pt 197(18h}~-.,
GROUP 242(16.0h}~ - .K,a,, Cf 246(35h}a,,.SF
Fr 223 (22m}p -,,,o Md 256(90m}K,SF
Pu 242(3.8 x 1O'y}a,SF Tb 160(73d}ff - , alpha particle l-electron captUre
Ga 72(14.lh}, ~- ., Mo 99(67h} ~- .,
lA 243(8000y}•' 249(360y}a,,,SF 241(13y}p- ,• •, Tc 99(2 x TO'y} p- - beta particle SF spontaneous fission
VIllA
251(800yh Gd 153(236d}K,,,e- Na 22(2.6y} p• ,K,> 97(TQ6y}K
As 76(26.7h}~-., 239 (24300y}a ,,,SF {J+ positron l' gamma ray
1 1.007 97 77(39h} ~ - ,,
159(1 8h}6 -,, 24(15h}ff -,, 2 4 .0026
Cl 36(3xl O'y}p - Ro 226 (1620y}a ,, Te 127(9.3h}ff- K K-electron capture e- internal electron conversion
-252.7 At 21 0(8.3h}Kp,, Ge 7l(lld}K Nd 147(ll.Td}p- ,, Rb 86(18.6d}p - ,, Th 232 (1.4xl O"y}a,,,SF -268.9
Cm 243(35y},.,,
-259.2
0.071
h'
H Au
211(7.2h},Ka,>
198(2.69d}~ - .,
245(9300y},.,,
247(TO'y}
H 3 (12.3y} ~-

Hf 181(45d}# - ,,,e -
N; 63(125y} ~ -
59(8xl O'y},K
Re 188(16.7h}ff- .>
186(3.7d}p - ,,
228 (1.9ly} p-
TI 204(3.81 y} ff- ,K
,269.7 H e
0.126 '
h'
Hydrogen IIA Ba 131(12d}K,, Co 58(71 d},K,p•,, Hg 197(65h}K,,,e - Np 237(2.2xl 0 6 y}a ,, Rn 222 (3.82d}a Tm 170(134d}ff - .>.• - lilA IVA VA VIA VIlA He li u m
133(7.2y}K,,,e - 60(5.27y}6- ·' 203(47d}~ - ., •• - 239(2.33d}~ - .> U 238 (4.5xl0 9 y}a ,>,SF
Ru 103(40d}# -,>
3 6 .~39 4 9.0122
B; 21 0 (5d}~- ,a Cr 51(27d},K,, Ho 166(27 .3h}~ - .>
Os 191(15d} ~- .,,e - 97(2.9d}.K,,,e - 234 (2.5x l O'y}a ,,,SF
235 (7.1 xl0 1y}a,,,SF
5 10 .811 6 12.01115 1)7 14.0067 8
± ..,.? I ~ -1 95.8 ± 3 ' 5' 4' 2 - J83
15.9994 9 18.998 4 1 0 20. 183

C;;
1330 4830 -2 -1
2770 S 35(88d}p- - 188.2 -246
Cs 134(2. 0y} ~- ., p 32(14.2d}p -
180.5
0 .53
h22.s)
Li 1277
1.85 Be
Bk 245(4.9d}K,a,,

a.
249(314d}~- ,a,SF

82(36h} ~ - ,,
135(3xl 0 6y}p-
137(30y}p-,,
1

ln
129(1 O'y}p• ,,,e
131(8.05d}p- ·'
114(50dh
Pa 23 1(34000y}a,>
Pb 21 0 (19.4y}p- ,, ,e-
Sb 122{2.8d}p- ,K.P',,
124(60d}p- ,y y
233(1.6xl O'y}a ,,
w 185(75d}p-
90(64h}p- ,. -
{2030)
2.34
h'2s2 2p1
8 37279
2.26
-2 10
0.81
N -2 1 8.8 ·~ O
1.14
Js2 2s2 2p'
-219.6
l .SOS
h 2 2s 2 2pj
-248.6 N e
1.20 F
ls2 2s2 2p6
Cu 64(12.8h}K,p- ,p•,, Js2 2s1 2pJ
Lith iu m Beryllium c 14(5700 y}~- 202(1 O'y}L Sc 46(84d}p - ,, Yb 175(4.2d} p- ,, Boro n Nitrogen Oxyge.n Fluorine Neon
lr 192(74.4d} ~- ., 169(31 d}K,,,e -
Es 253(20d}a,,,SF Pd 103(17d}K,, Se 75(120d}K,>
11 ' 2 2 .9898 1 2 24.312 Ca 411 Sx!O'y}K 1 3 26.9: 15 1 4 · 2 8.086 1 5 3o.~t3,~ 1 6 32.064 1 7 35.453

s.
254(1 y}a,SF K 40(10 9y} p•,K,, Sm 153(47h}ff - ,, Zn 65(245d}K.~•,,

s ~~~:-0 ±cl
45(165d}~ - Pm 147(2. 6y } ~ -
!
AI
2 4
280w ±J· s;4 444.6 ±.i4,6
892
97.8
0.97
N '

a
1107
650 M
1.74 g
47(4.5d}~-.> Eu 154(1 6y}~ - .,
155(1.8y}~ - .>
42(12.4h}.~-., 145(340d}K,>
Sn 113(119d}K,L,>,e -
Zr 95(65d} ~ -,,,e -
93(9xl O'y}ff- ,, ~:go
2.70
268'5
141;6
2.33
•
44.2w
1.82w
p 119.0
2.07
[Ne]3J 1 [Ne] Js2 [Ne[3s 2 3p 1 1Ne]3s 23p 2 [NeJ3s 2 3pJ ,f.' (Ne}3s'3p 4 [Ne]3s2JpS
Sod ium Magne siu m IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB r------ VIII - - - , IB liB Aluminum Silicon Phos ph orus Sulfur Chlorine

1 9 39.102 '.2 0
760
1
., . · ·c
~~:/ \ a
1440
40.08 21
2
2730
44.956 .2 2

5c
3
3260
47.90 2 3
4,3

Ti
3450 sv. .
50.942
J.2.
24
2665
51.996 2 5
6,3,2
2150
54.938 2 6
76 423
' ' ' ' 3000
5 5.84 7 2 7

~Fe
2, 3
2900
58.93
28
2,3
2730
58.71

Ni
2,3
29
2595
63.54
2,1 30
906
65.37
2
31
2237
69.72
32
2830
72.59 3 3 74.922 3 4
4
613.
8
± 3' 5 685

s . ~~ :~~
78.96 3 5 79.909 3 6
- 2,4,6
58 ±l,5 -152
83.80

63.7
0.86
[Ar]4s 1
1\: .
v - [Ar}4s 2
~;~9
[Ar]3d 14s 2
~6:~
]Ar]3d 24s 2
1900
6.1
[Ar]Jd 3 4s 2
1875
7.19 Cr
[Ar]3d 54s 1
1245 M n
7.43
[Ar[3d 54s 2
1536
7.86
[Arj3d 64s 2
1495
8.9 Co
[Arj3d'4s2
1453
8.9
[Ar]Jd'4s2
1083
. ,~6 C u
419.5

[Ar]Jd104s 1
7.14 Z n
29.8 937.4· G e
5.91 G o 5.32
[Ar]Jd104s2
As
[Ar]Jd10.(s2.(pl [Ar)Jd104s24p2 [Ar[Jd104s24p'
-7.2
S e 3.12 B r
[Ar[Jd104s24p'
- 157.3
2.6
[Ar]Jd104s24p' ]Ar]Jd104s24p'
Kr
Pota ssiu m t -. Calcium Scandium Tit~nium Vanadium Chromium Manganese "' Iron Cobalt Nicke l COpper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

37 85.47 3 8 87.62 3 9 88.905 4 0 91.22 41 92.906 4 2 95.94 4 3 198} 44 101.01 4 5 102.905 4 6 106.4 4 7 T07.8t c 4 8 112.4< 4 9 114.82 5 0 118.69 51 121.75 5 2 127.60 5 3 126.904 5 4 13 ~, 30
1 2 3 4 6 5432 7 2 346 8 23 4 2 4 1 2 3 4 •2
688 1380 2927 3580 3300 S,J .5560 • · • · 4900 ' ' ' ' 4500 • • 3980 ' 2210 2000 2270 1380 +J,S 989.8 - 2•4 •6 183 !_l,.5,7 -108.0

~~: ~~~; Y ~·:: 2 6

~: ::~: ~: : 'if~ :~o:
4 5
:~ : ~~~· !:~ 9 5 2
~ :; 3
~ ~: ~~: 4
: ~: ~.~~ I -:~d~ Xe
7 9
6 6
Rb : : Sr Zr Nb Mo Ru ::: R h Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb T e
/ ,. [Krj5s
1
{Kr]Ss 2 {Kr]4d 1Ss2 [Kr]4d 2 .5s 2 [Kr)4d~5s 1 [Kr]4d'Ss' [Kr]4d'.5s 2 [Kr]4d 75s 1 [Kr]4d 1 5s 1 [Kr)4d 10.5so [Krj 4d 'o5s' [Kr]4d'os,t [Kr]4d'oSs2Sp' {Kr]4 d 'o5s2Spt [Kr]4d'o.Ss2Sp2 [Kr]4d 1 0Ss25p ~ [Krj4d'o5s25p' ]Kr]4d105s25p6
Rubidiu m Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium lni:l ium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
5 5 132.905 5 6 137.3 57 138.91 7 2 178.49 7 3 180.948 7 4 183.85 7 5 186.2 7 6 190.2 7 7 192.2 7 8 195.09 7 9 196.961 8 0 200.59 81 204.3 8 2 207.19 8 3 208.980 8 4 (210} 8 5 (210} 8 6 (222}
1 2 3 4 76 42 1 234 6 8 23 6 3
5
5930 6·5"'· 3·
2 2 4 3' I 2•I 3• 1 4• 2 ·~ 2 •4
690
28.7 C s
1.90
1640
714
3.5
Bo
3470
920
6.17
La *
5400
2222
13.1
5425
2996 T o
16.6
Hf 3410
19.3
5900 ' ' ' '-
3180 R e
21.0
W 5500 ' ' ' '
3000 O s 2454
22.6
5300

22.5
' ,4'
lr
4530
1769 P t
21.4
' 2970
1063 A
19.3
357
-38.4
13.6 u Hg
1457
303
11.85
Tl
1725
327.4 P b 271.3
'1.4
1560

9.8 81
254 P o 13- 021 A t
{9.2)
_ ± l,3,5,7 (-61.8)
Rn ~--71 1
[XeJ6s1 [Xe]6s2 ]Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4fH5d16s2 ]Xe]4f1'5dl6s2 ]Xe]4fH5d'6s2 [Xe]4f 145d '6s 1 (Xe] 4f 10 5d6 6s2 ]Xe]4f1'5d'6s2 [XeJ 4f'' Sd• 6s' ]Xe]4f1'5d106s1 [Xe j4f1'5d 106s2 [Xe]4f H5d1 06s26p1 [Xe]4f1 45d 106s'6p2 [Xe]4f1'5d 106s26pl (Xe]4f 14 5d 106s'6p' \Xe]4fUSdiG6s16p' \Xe]4fi'Sdl06 116p'
Cesium Barium lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Wolfram Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

a1
Ra - :7}c '-~'
! u"'~--ll
223 12 61 12

IV!
1

Fr
} aa

700
a9

1;,0 A
,os.r_ ')u.,PLD'i
* **
1o4

58
140.12
3
59
140.90
34
60
144.24
3
61
(147}
3
62
150.35
32
63
151.96
32
64
157.25
3
65
158.92
3
66
162.50
3
67
164.93(
3
68
167.26
3
69
168.934
32
70
173.04
32
71 174.97
3
-
1,.17•'
Francium
s.o
1,.17•'
Rad1um
1..1
Actm1um
~·:r·· ~"~
.A.,.IO ~
\L 3468
795 C e
6.67
·" 3127
935 P r
6.77
• 3027
1024 N
1 .00
d _
(1027)
- UUU
rmll'ml
lr
1900
1072 S m 826
7.54
• 1439

5.26
Eu
• 3oo o G d
1 3
7.89
12
2•o o T ·b· 2600
13 56
8.27
1407
8.54
2600
1461 H o 1497
8.80
Dy
2900

9.05
Er
1727
1545 T m 824
9.33
' 1427

6.98
'b 3327
1652
9.84 L u
y
[Xe]4f 25d 06s2 [Xe]4fl5d06s 1 [Xe)4f'5d 0612 (Xe) 4f55do6s2 [Xe] 4f65d06s2 [Xe] 4f15d 06s2 [Xe]4F5d 16s2 [Xe[4f'5d06s 2 [Xe ) 4f10Sd06s1 [Xo:]4f 11 5do6s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe] 4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f1'5d06s2 (Xe) 4f"5dl 6s1
ATOMIC
WEIGHT (2} * -~~C~e~,;~u~m~~P~ra~s~e~o~
9 0 232.03 91
dy~m~iu~
n =N~e~o~d~y~m~;~
um
{231} 9 2
~~P~ro~m~e~t~h~
;u~m~~S=a~m=•~r~
238.03 9 3
;u=m~~~E~ur=o~p=;u=m:_~~G=•=d=
{237} 9 4
oT=;"=;=
um
~~=T;e~rb=;=u=m~~=D~y~sp~r=o•=;=u~
{242} 9 5 {243} 96
m ~~H;o=lm=;~u=m~~~E~rb=;~
(247} 9 7
u~m -4=-=T~h~u=T;~u=
(247} 9 8
m~~~Y~H~e~rb=;~u~
m ~~L~ut=et=;u=m~~
{249} 9 9 {254} 1 0 0 (253} 1 01 (256} 1 0 2 {254} 1 0 3 {257}

ATOMic NU~MBER
KEY
~oxiDATION STATEs
!Bold mo••••ablel
~~;g
11.1
T•h l123ol p'·a4
15.4 19.07
~:i~ •.5.4,3
19.s u 6; ~'n4r:n ~;g5 ~~3n
U~lf" - tr~
1=
1.7 0·~
~uuu
_= ff'~
~uuu
_= f5)o4t
[Q)lf&
= ~If
;rr. = lS<ll
rE~
truuu -
=
-
rEI'l'ml = ~l.i\-Jl
UWU(QJ -
= 11n~
U~IQJ
=
-
n.
11W
BOILING :t-1 J (Rn] h5oPr6d
'ou'm
7s1
[Rn]5f 2 6d 17s 2
[Rn]5f'6d 17s 2 ]Rn ] Sf' 6d' 7s1 ] Rn/5f~6d<7s 2 [Rn]5F6d<7s 1 ]Rn]5f16d 17s 2 [RnJ W 6d 0 7s' ]Rn ] 51 '0 6d 0 71' ]RnJ Sf" 6d~ 7s' fRn J 5f" 6d0 7s 1 ]Rn] Sf' 1 6d~ 7s' ]Rn) Sf" 6d" 7s' !Rn J5f" 6d' 7s'
POINT, •c~J~~ 6~~
~ L___T______~_P_ ro_••_•_•;_"_;u_m_L__u_ r_• _• _;u_m__~_N_e~p-tu_n_;u_m__L__P~Iu_to_n_;u_m__~_A_m~er_;,~;u~m~L_~C~u~r;~u~m--~~Be~r~ke~l~;u~m~L-C~a~(;~fo~r~n~;u~m~~E~;n~s~te~;n~;~u~
m L-~F~e~rm~;~u~m~~M~e~n~d~e~ le~v~;u~m~~N~o~b=el~;u~m~~=La~w=r~o~nc=;=u~
m
MELTING---or- 419.5
POINT, •c I 7.14
-Ar
~
1

"rSYMBOL (1}
z NOTES ,

{1} Black - sol;d.

DENSITY_..--- I r-
(A,I3~ "4•'
Z1nc Red ~ gas. ()
I

lg/ml} 13 }
ElECTRON
STRUCTURE
Blue - liquid.
Outline - synthetically prepared. =SARGENT-WELCH
NAME (2) Based upon carbon - 12. ( ) indicates most stable or best known isotope. SARGENT-WELCH SCIENTIFIC COMPANY
(j
~Cop)"tighl 1964
(pCDf>l'rishi1 96S
(3) Values for gaseous elements are for liquids at the boiling point. 7300 LINDER AVENUE. SKOK IE. ILLI NO IS 60076
''Cop~•ig ht 1966
~ COfi Y ' ~ hi 190II• I CtN! . WUCI+!.CIE N TIOI( ( O#o!rANl
-t ILt Nt-L '1 i ~ ~ ati,(,M_I ·~ SIDE 1 CHICAGO
BIRMINGHAM
• CINCINNATI
•
• ClEVELAND
SPRINGFIELD, N. I. 0
0 DETROIT
ANAHEIM, CALIF.
•
•
DALLAS •
10RDN10, CANADA
DENIER
TABLE OF PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS
Percent Ionic Character of a Single Chemical Bond

Difference in electronegativity 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2. 1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2
GROUP
lA Percent ionic character % 0.5 1 9 12 15 19 22 26 30 34 39 4.3 47 51 55 59 63 67 70 74 76 79 82 84 86 88 89 91 92 VIllA

Sub-Atomic Particles
Electron Positron Proton Neutron Photon Neutrino Meson Hyperon
Symbol e-. 8· e+tJ• IP tn ,, r• ,.. t K' t K0 t AO n: .. rr- t::: - o-
Mass• I I 1836.11 1838.65 0 '
- o 106.84 173.13 164.4 966.6 974.4 1181.4 1317.7 1343.1 1584 1686
Char20•• I +I +I 0 0 0 ±I ±I 0 +I 0 0 +I I I -I
Sin y, y, y, y, · j y, y, 0 0 0 0 y, Yz-i nteral 'l2-inte~ral Yz-inte2ral
Magnetic 1.00 B.m. l.OOB.m. 2.793n.m - L913n.m. 0 -0
Moment
~::.)life stable stable stable Lll x 1Q3 stable stable 2.22xiQ-6 2.54x10 a -IQ-15 - 10 s ....- IQ- IO-IQ-7 2.8 x JO· I0.- 5xlO- II ......- J0- 10 - 10- 10 - I Q-9

Decay ;;;;-"'~ +y .....- P + ·r _.... p + 1ro

Modes --+e-+11 e:t+,.+v -.u:t+., e++e·+'Tcomlex comlex '"n+ ,..o " n +•~--- n +..---.Ao r · T-+ :::-
B.m. ,.; Bohr magneton n.m. = Nuclear magneton •In units ol9.1083 x 10-31 kg. *"I n units ol4.80286 x lQ- lO esu. tExlsts as an antiparticle not listed.

ACID-BASE
PROPERTIES (I)

Nons,
(1) For representative oJ;ides (higher valence) of group. QJ;ide is acidic if color is red,

=SARGENT-WELCH
basic if color is blue and amphoteric if both colors are shown. Intensity of color indicates
relative strength.

(2}~Cubic, face center~d; ~ cubic, body centered; t8l diamond ; (j:J cubic; SARGENT-WELCH SCIENTIFIC COMPANY
® he,;agonol; © rhombohedral; OJ tetragonal; CJJ orthorhombic; Q monoclinic. 7300 LINDER AVENUE, SKOKIE, ILLINOIS 60076
CHICAGO • CINCINNATI • CLEVELAND • DETROIT • DALLAS • DENVER
(3) At room temperature. {4) At boiling point. {5) From 0° to 20°(.
BIRMINGHAM • SPRINGFIELD, N. I. • ANAHEIM, CALIF. • TORONTO, CANADA
{6) Ionic (crystal) rodii for coordination number 6.

(7) Metallic rodii for coordination number of 12. Catalog Number S-18806 SIDE 2